CN105766515A - Method for raising insect-resistant poplar seedlings through cutting - Google Patents
Method for raising insect-resistant poplar seedlings through cutting Download PDFInfo
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- CN105766515A CN105766515A CN201610125825.5A CN201610125825A CN105766515A CN 105766515 A CN105766515 A CN 105766515A CN 201610125825 A CN201610125825 A CN 201610125825A CN 105766515 A CN105766515 A CN 105766515A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
- C05D1/02—Manufacture from potassium chloride or sulfate or double or mixed salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
- C05G5/23—Solutions
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for raising insect-resistant poplar seedlings through cutting. According to the technical scheme, the method comprises the steps of nursery land preparation, strip slicing and cutting treatment, cutting and culture management. Special fertilizer is applied in a land preparation stage and a topdressing management stage. Special seaweed fertilizer and amino acid fertilizer with unique effects are applied in the land preparation stage and the topdressing management stage respectively. The cutting survival rate is high, the seedling growth speed is high, a root system is developed, the cutting survival rate can reach 95% or above, and the height of seedlings in current year can reach 385 cm. Compared with common cutting seedlings, the number of annual cutting seedlings reaching outplanting standards is improved by 24%, the number of side roots is improved by 18%, and the total root length is improved by 20%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to high quality tree species and breed field, specifically a kind of method of pest-resistant poplar in winter cutting propagation.
Background technology
Pest-resistant poplar, Salicaceae, Populus fallen leaves megaphanerophyte, there is stronger insect resistace, for new varieties of poplar.As the pest-resistant poplar of new varieties of poplar, growth is fast, and material is excellent, is excellent Industry plantation seeds；The logical straight elevator of trunk pulls out, and is excellent afforestation seeds；Strong adaptability, is also good shelter-forest seeds.Breeding is the basis of afforestation strong sprout, is related to afforestation and survives and Afforestation Quality.High-quality well developed root system in strong sprout, nursery stock sturdy logical straight, sprout is full, rhizome is relatively thick, resistance, survival rate are high, growth rapidly.Willow is very wide in China's distribution, and Poplar Plantation area constantly expands, it has also become the country that Poplar Plantation area is maximum in the world.In the production of willow nursery, due to the nursery custom formed for a long time, it is typically chosen cuttage in spring, cuttage seldom in the winter time.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is, a kind of method that pest-resistant poplar in winter cutting propagation is provided, by nursery lot wholely, adopt bar and cutting process, cuttage and tending management, and use dedicated fertilizer respectively at whole and the management phase that topdresses, reproduction speed is fast, seedling root is flourishing, the seedling time is short, seedling cost is relatively low, it is possible to meet the demand to pest-resistant poplar high-quality strong sprout in afforestation.
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, present invention employs techniques below scheme:
A kind of method of pest-resistant poplar in winter cutting propagation, it is characterised in that:
(1), ground, garden selects and processes: selecting physical features smooth, soil layer is deep, fertile soil, possesses irrigation conditions, and draining is good, and ventilative sandy loam is as nursery lot；Using well-rotted farmyard manure 2000～3000kg for every mu, every mu applies alga fertilizer 30～40kg, after fertilising, the garden ground winter is turned over twice, the degree of depth 20～30cm；Carrying out cake ground before cuttage, by cultivating, the soil block cake behind ground is flat, cake is thin；Wholely, ridging specification: wide 50～60cm, high 15～20cm, transverse section arch；
(2), adopt bar to process with cutting: adopt the pest-resistant poplar branch of life in 1 year, choosing without pest and disease damage, robust growth, moisture abundance, the full branch of sprout as cutting, being cut into diameter be 1.5～2cm, length is the cutting of 12～18cm, upper cut is flat nick, lower cut is angular cut, otch smooths, and is soaked in clear water by cutting 24～72 hours before cuttage；
(3), cuttage: cutting time: carry out cuttage after fallen leaves to frozen soil, by cutting straight cutting straight down；Every ridge cuttage a line, spacing in the rows 30～40cm, the degree of depth of cuttage flushes with cutting upper base, timely steady and sure face, ridge after cuttage, makes soil and cutting close contact, timely filling foot the first water after cuttage, and cold-proof at cutting top earthing 2～3cm；
(4), final-period management:
1. the next spring, after soil thaws, cutting is carried out steady and sure 1 time, to eliminate lifting by frost phenomenon；When cutting is sprouted, take top earthing off；
2. water and fertilising: soil is poured water once after thawing, utilized every 5～7 days aminoacid sprinkling irrigation fertilizer to fill thoroughly once according to soil moisture content afterwards, final singling and survive stable after, water according to soil moisture content control；Nursery stock be should give after determining root and topdresses, and imposes once during height of seedling 60-80cm, uses alga fertilizer 4～8kg, imposes once during height of seedling 150～200cm for every mu, uses alga fertilizer 10～15kg, imposes once during height of seedling 230～260cm for every mu, uses alga fertilizer 20～25kg for every mu；
3. except sprouting: carry out in time removing sprouting bud picking before side shoot lignifying, select a healthy and strong coppice shoot during height of seedling 10cm, remove all the other coppice shoots, as seedling more than height of seedling 60cm, remove side shoot in time, thereafter Routine Management；
Described alga fertilizer is prepared from accordance with the following methods: be added separately in reactor by water, ethanol, ethyl acetate and fresh Sargassum, adds alkylphenol polyoxyethylene in the lump, soak 48～72 hours at 35～40 DEG C after making beating；Then filter pressing, filtrate is seaweed extracted liquor；Finally described seaweed extracted liquor, potassium chloride, Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate and bentonite are mixed, through cylinder pelletize, drying, cooling and screening, obtain alga fertilizer；Wherein between fresh Sargassum, water, ethanol, ethyl acetate and alkylphenol polyoxyethylene, mass ratio is 22:50:35:15:0.2；Wherein the mass ratio between seaweed extracted liquor, potassium chloride, Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate and bentonite is 50:60:10:10；Described Sargassum refers to the two or more of a kind of or arbitrary proportion in Thallus Laminariae (Thallus Eckloniae), Thallus Porphyrae, Thallus Laminariae (Thallus Eckloniae), opotism and Entermorpha；
Described aminoacid sprinkling irrigation fertilizer is prepared from accordance with the following methods: potassium fulvate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and bicine N-mix homogeneously under airtight environment is obtained amino acid fertilizer；Then described amino acid fertilizer is dissolved in the water of amino acid fertilizer quality 1000 times, obtains aminoacid sprinkling irrigation fertilizer；Wherein the mass ratio between potassium fulvate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and bicine N-is 100:5:10.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
One, the present invention application of special alga fertilizer and the amino acid fertilizer of unique effects respectively at whole and the management phase that topdresses.Cuttage survival rate is high, and seedling growth speed is fast, and well developed root system, cuttage survival rate reaches more than 95%, and height of seedling is on average up to 385cm then.Compared with common cutting seedling, annual cutting seedling reaches the nursery stock of garden standard and improves 24%, and side radical improves 18%, and total root length improves 20%.
Two, the cuttage breeding method of the present invention is adopted, it is possible to keep maternal excellent inherited character preferably.
Three, the present invention adopts cottage method in winter, and cutting relatively early forms callus, Sprout period initial stage, the phase beginning of taking root, starts Fast-growing stage and all does sth. in advance 10～15 days than cuttage in spring, resistance, the anomalous weather such as anti-fall cold spell in spring, spring drought.
Four, the preparation of dedicated fertilizer (including alga fertilizer and aminoacid sprinkling irrigation fertilizer) and application are one of the core technologies of the present invention.Find through several times experiment, select other fertilizer to be unable to reach the purpose of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Describe the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment:
Embodiment one, prepare special alga fertilizer
Water, ethanol, ethyl acetate and fresh Sargassum are added separately in reactor, add alkylphenol polyoxyethylene in the lump after making beating, soak 48～72 hours at 35～40 DEG C；Then filter pressing, filtrate is seaweed extracted liquor；Finally described seaweed extracted liquor, potassium chloride, Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate and bentonite are mixed, through cylinder pelletize, drying, cooling and screening, obtain alga fertilizer；
Wherein between fresh Sargassum, water, ethanol, ethyl acetate and alkylphenol polyoxyethylene, mass ratio is 22:50:35:15:0.2；
Wherein the mass ratio between seaweed extracted liquor, potassium chloride, Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate and bentonite is 50:60:10:10；
Described Sargassum refers to the two or more of a kind of or arbitrary proportion in Thallus Laminariae (Thallus Eckloniae), Thallus Porphyrae, Thallus Laminariae (Thallus Eckloniae), opotism and Entermorpha.
Embodiment two, prepare special aminoacid sprinkling irrigation fertilizer
Potassium fulvate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and bicine N-mix homogeneously under airtight environment is obtained amino acid fertilizer；Then described amino acid fertilizer is dissolved in the water of amino acid fertilizer quality 1000 times, obtains aminoacid sprinkling irrigation fertilizer；
Wherein the mass ratio between potassium fulvate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and bicine N-is 100:5:10.
Embodiment three, pest-resistant poplar cutting propagation in spring embodiment
(1), ground, garden selects and processes: selecting physical features smooth, soil layer is deep, fertile soil, possesses irrigation conditions, and draining is good, and ventilative sandy loam is as nursery lot.Use well-rotted farmyard manure 2500kg for every mu, every mu of alga fertilizer 30kg applying embodiment one preparation, after fertilising, the garden ground winter is turned over twice, the degree of depth 20～30cm, before cuttage, carry out cake ground, by cultivating, the soil block cake behind ground is flat, cake is thin.Wholely, ridging specification: wide 50～60cm, high 15～20cm, transverse section arch；
(2), adopt bar to process with cutting: adopt the pest-resistant poplar branch of life in 1 year, choosing without pest and disease damage, robust growth, moisture abundance, the full branch of sprout as cutting, being cut into diameter be 1.5～2cm, length is the cutting of 12～18cm, upper cut is flat nick, lower cut is angular cut, otch smooths, and is soaked in clear water by cutting 48 hours before cuttage；
(3), cuttage: carry out cuttage on 10th in December in 2014, by cutting straight cutting straight down.Every ridge cuttage a line, spacing in the rows 30～40cm, the degree of depth of cuttage flushes with cutting upper base, timely steady and sure face, ridge after cuttage, makes soil and cutting close contact, timely filling foot the first water after cuttage, and cold-proof at cutting top earthing 2～3cm；
(4), final-period management:
1. the next spring, after soil thaws, cutting is carried out steady and sure 1 time, to eliminate lifting by frost phenomenon.When cutting is sprouted, take top earthing off；
2. watering and fertilising: soil is poured water once after thawing, utilized every 6 days aminoacid sprinkling irrigation fertilizer prepare by embodiment two to fill thoroughly once according to soil moisture content afterwards, final singling and surviving can be watered according to soil moisture content control after stablizing.Nursery stock is topdressed after determining root, impose during height of seedling 60-80cm once, every mu of alga fertilizer 6kg using embodiment one preparation, impose during height of seedling 150～200cm once, every mu of alga fertilizer 12kg using embodiment one preparation, impose during height of seedling 230～260cm once, every mu of alga fertilizer 20kg using embodiment one preparation；
3. except sprouting: carry out in time removing sprouting bud picking before side shoot lignifying, select a healthy and strong coppice shoot during height of seedling 10cm, remove all the other coppice shoots, as seedling more than height of seedling 60cm, remove side shoot in time, thereafter Routine Management.
Embodiment four, pest-resistant poplar cutting propagation in spring comparative example
Implement cutting propagation adjacent territories with embodiment three, carry out pest-resistant poplar in winter cutting propagation contrast experiment in the identical time.Experiment condition is essentially identical with embodiment three except being listed below, to investigate the effect of dedicated fertilizer of the present invention.
In step (1), using common Chemical Mixed Fertilizer and replace every mu to apply alga fertilizer 30kg, the special alga fertilizer that the common Chemical Mixed Fertilizer nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio used and total amount and embodiment three use is basically identical.
Step (4) 2. in, utilized aminoacid sprinkling irrigation fertilizer to fill thoroughly to change in the present embodiment and fill thoroughly with water every 6 days according to soil moisture content；Three stages of topdressing change into uses Common compound fertilizer, and the special alga fertilizer that nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio and total amount and embodiment three use is basically identical.
Embodiment three contrasts such as following table with embodiment four experiment effect:
| Embodiment | Cuttage survival rate/% | Average height of seedling/cm | Reach nursery stock rate/% |
| Example three | 95.2 | 390 | 97.5 |
| Example four | 84 | 320 | 83 |
As seen from the above table, using the present invention special the aminoacid fertile and special alga fertilizer of sprinkling irrigation, cutting propagation effect is very prominent.
Claims (1)
1. the method for a pest-resistant poplar in winter cutting propagation, it is characterised in that:
(1), ground, garden selects and processes: selecting physical features smooth, soil layer is deep, fertile soil, possesses irrigation conditions, and draining is good, and ventilative sandy loam is as nursery lot；Using well-rotted farmyard manure 2000～3000kg for every mu, every mu applies alga fertilizer 30～40kg, after fertilising, the garden ground winter is turned over twice, the degree of depth 20～30cm；Carrying out cake ground before cuttage, by cultivating, the soil block cake behind ground is flat, cake is thin；Wholely, ridging specification: wide 50～60cm, high 15～20cm, transverse section arch；
(2), adopt bar to process with cutting: adopt the pest-resistant poplar branch of life in 1 year, choosing without pest and disease damage, robust growth, moisture abundance, the full branch of sprout as cutting, being cut into diameter be 1.5～2cm, length is the cutting of 12～18cm, upper cut is flat nick, lower cut is angular cut, otch smooths, and is soaked in clear water by cutting 24～72 hours before cuttage；
(3), cuttage: cutting time: carry out cuttage after fallen leaves to frozen soil, by cutting straight cutting straight down；Every ridge cuttage a line, spacing in the rows 30～40cm, the degree of depth of cuttage flushes with cutting upper base, timely steady and sure face, ridge after cuttage, makes soil and cutting close contact, timely filling foot the first water after cuttage, and cold-proof at cutting top earthing 2～3cm；
(4), final-period management:
1. the next spring, after soil thaws, cutting is carried out steady and sure 1 time, to eliminate lifting by frost phenomenon；When cutting is sprouted, take top earthing off；
2. water and fertilising: soil is poured water once after thawing, utilized every 5～7 days aminoacid sprinkling irrigation fertilizer to fill thoroughly once according to soil moisture content afterwards, final singling and survive stable after, water according to soil moisture content control；Nursery stock be should give after determining root and topdresses, and imposes once during height of seedling 60-80cm, uses alga fertilizer 4～8kg, imposes once during height of seedling 150～200cm for every mu, uses alga fertilizer 10～15kg, imposes once during height of seedling 230～260cm for every mu, uses alga fertilizer 20～25kg for every mu；
3. except sprouting: carry out in time removing sprouting bud picking before side shoot lignifying, select a healthy and strong coppice shoot during height of seedling 10cm, remove all the other coppice shoots, as seedling more than height of seedling 60cm, remove side shoot in time, thereafter Routine Management；
Described alga fertilizer is prepared from accordance with the following methods: be added separately in reactor by water, ethanol, ethyl acetate and fresh Sargassum, adds alkylphenol polyoxyethylene in the lump, soak 48～72 hours at 35～40 DEG C after making beating；Then filter pressing, filtrate is seaweed extracted liquor；Finally described seaweed extracted liquor, potassium chloride, Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate and bentonite are mixed, through cylinder pelletize, drying, cooling and screening, obtain alga fertilizer；Wherein between fresh Sargassum, water, ethanol, ethyl acetate and alkylphenol polyoxyethylene, mass ratio is 22:50:35:15:0.2；Wherein the mass ratio between seaweed extracted liquor, potassium chloride, Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate and bentonite is 50:60:10:10；Described Sargassum refers to the two or more of a kind of or arbitrary proportion in Thallus Laminariae (Thallus Eckloniae), Thallus Porphyrae, Thallus Laminariae (Thallus Eckloniae), opotism and Entermorpha；
Described aminoacid sprinkling irrigation fertilizer is prepared from accordance with the following methods: potassium fulvate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and bicine N-mix homogeneously under airtight environment is obtained amino acid fertilizer；Then described amino acid fertilizer is dissolved in the water of amino acid fertilizer quality 1000 times, obtains aminoacid sprinkling irrigation fertilizer；Wherein the mass ratio between potassium fulvate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and bicine N-is 100:5:10.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106212186A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2016-12-14 | 李宗顺 | A kind of implantation methods of willow 107 |
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| CN102113459A (en) * | 2009-12-30 | 2011-07-06 | 韩明洋 | Cuttage seedling cultivation technology for fast-growing poplar |
| CN102422769A (en) * | 2010-09-29 | 2012-04-25 | 大地安茂生物科技有限公司 | Culturing and planting method of poplar trees for improving saline and alkaline land |
| CN102612979A (en) * | 2012-04-26 | 2012-08-01 | 常熟市新靓文辅亚农艺发展有限公司 | Cuttage seedling raising method for poplar |
| CN102919027A (en) * | 2012-11-12 | 2013-02-13 | 天津市春林苗木有限责任公司 | Cutting method of Hokkaido boxtrees |
| CN104380980A (en) * | 2014-11-12 | 2015-03-04 | 苏州市相城区盛胡特种养殖专业合作社 | Cutting propagation method for poplar with colorful leaves |
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2016
- 2016-03-07 CN CN201610125825.5A patent/CN105766515B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
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| CN102113459A (en) * | 2009-12-30 | 2011-07-06 | 韩明洋 | Cuttage seedling cultivation technology for fast-growing poplar |
| CN102422769A (en) * | 2010-09-29 | 2012-04-25 | 大地安茂生物科技有限公司 | Culturing and planting method of poplar trees for improving saline and alkaline land |
| CN102612979A (en) * | 2012-04-26 | 2012-08-01 | 常熟市新靓文辅亚农艺发展有限公司 | Cuttage seedling raising method for poplar |
| CN102919027A (en) * | 2012-11-12 | 2013-02-13 | 天津市春林苗木有限责任公司 | Cutting method of Hokkaido boxtrees |
| CN104380980A (en) * | 2014-11-12 | 2015-03-04 | 苏州市相城区盛胡特种养殖专业合作社 | Cutting propagation method for poplar with colorful leaves |
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| CN106212186A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2016-12-14 | 李宗顺 | A kind of implantation methods of willow 107 |
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