CN105705099B - 具有集成真空的活检装置 - Google Patents

具有集成真空的活检装置 Download PDF

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CN105705099B
CN105705099B CN201380080705.2A CN201380080705A CN105705099B CN 105705099 B CN105705099 B CN 105705099B CN 201380080705 A CN201380080705 A CN 201380080705A CN 105705099 B CN105705099 B CN 105705099B
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R·M·施拉伯
C·C·范利尔
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CR Bard Inc
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    • A61B10/0233—Pointed or sharp biopsy instruments
    • A61B10/0283—Pointed or sharp biopsy instruments with vacuum aspiration, e.g. caused by retractable plunger or by connected syringe
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61B10/00—Other methods or instruments for diagnosis, e.g. instruments for taking a cell sample, for biopsy, for vaccination diagnosis; Sex determination; Ovulation-period determination; Throat striking implements
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Abstract

本申请涉及一种活检装置，包括壳体本体和插管组件，该插管组件有第一细长插管和第二细长插管，该第二细长插管与第一细长插管同轴。第二细长插管有侧壁和管腔。侧壁有与管腔流体连通的真空侧部口。真空源位于壳体本体内。真空源有腔室侧壁，该腔室侧壁可以确定U形容积，并有腔室真空口。密封件密封接合地置于腔室真空口和第二细长插管之间。扳机滑动组件设置成使得第二细长插管运动，以便使得第二细长插管的真空侧部口与真空源的腔室真空口对齐，以便从真空源向第二细长插管的管腔供给真空。

Description

具有集成真空的活检装置
相关申请的交叉引用
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技术领域
本发明涉及活检装置，更特别是涉及一种具有集成真空的手持式单次插入单个试样(SISS)的活检装置。
背景技术
活检装置通常包括动力源和试样取回机构。试样取回机构可以成活检探针组件的形式，该活检探针组件设置成具有试样取回开口，用于从患者接收组织试样。与较大的控制台系统的活检装置相比，执行活检处理过程的一些专业人员更喜欢独立的手持式活检装置。基本有两种类型的独立手持式活检装置：局部一次性的活检装置和完全一次性的活检装置。
典型的局部一次性活检装置具有可重新使用的手持式驱动器，一次性探针可释放地附接在该手持式驱动器上。可重新使用的手持式驱动器通常由电池提供动力，并包括电马达驱动器和机载的真空泵，以便帮助试样获取和/或取回。通常，这样的活检装置设置成用于单次插入多个试样(SIMS)的处理过程。一次性的探针用于单个患者，然后丢弃，而手持式驱动器保留用于重新使用。
典型的完全一次性活检装置有一个或多个机械驱动器，例如弹簧/锁结构，该机械驱动器使得活检装置能够人工击发(cock)和发射(fire)，用于组织试样获取。这样的试样活检装置通常设置成每次插入获得单个试样。还有，很多完全一次性活检装置没有真空来帮助试样获取。尽管进行了一些努力来将真空辅助特征包含于完全一次性活检装置中，但是产生的真空通常不足以接近如上述局部一次性活检装置的真空性能。还有，在典型的、具有真空辅助的完全一次性活检装置中，这种真空在切割插管运动以便切断组织试样的同时产生，因此，真空在获取组织试样中的价值有限。
本领域中还需要一种活检装置，该活检装置可以是完全一次性的，同时具有高效真空应用，以便帮助试样获取，且该活检装置设置成容易使用。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种活检装置，活检装置是完全一次性的，同时具有高效真空应用，以便帮助试样获取，且该活检装置设置成容易使用。
在一种形式中，本发明涉及一种活检装置，该活检装置有壳体本体、插管组件、真空源和扳机滑动组件。壳体本体确定了纵向轴线。插管组件有第一细长插管，该第一细长插管有：第一侧壁，该第一侧壁设置成确定第一管腔；以及细长侧部开口，该细长侧部开口穿过第一侧壁延伸。第二细长插管与第一细长插管同轴。第二细长插管有：第二侧壁，该第二侧壁设置为确定了第二管腔；以及切割刃。第二侧壁有与第二管腔流体连通的真空侧部口。真空源位于壳体本体内。真空源有腔室侧壁，该腔室侧壁有腔室真空口。密封件密封接合地置于腔室真空口和第二细长插管之间。扳机滑动组件与壳体本体连接，并与插管组件连接。扳机滑动组件设置成使得第二细长插管运动，以便使得第二细长插管的真空侧部口与真空源的腔室真空口对齐，以便从真空源向第二细长插管的第二管腔供给真空。
在另一形式中，本发明涉及一种活检装置，该活检装置包括壳体本体，该壳体本体确定了纵向轴线。第一插管组件有第一细长插管，该第一细长插管沿纵向轴线延伸。第一细长插管有第一侧壁，该第一侧壁设置成确定第一管腔，该第一细长插管还有细长侧部开口，该细长侧部开口穿过第一侧壁延伸。第二插管组件包括第二插管本体，该第二插管本体与第二细长插管连接，该第二细长插管可滑动地接收于第一细长插管的第一管腔内。第二插管本体有驱动凸片和近侧锁机构，该近侧锁机构设置成将第二细长插管可释放地锁定在退后位置中。第二细长插管有第二侧壁，该第二侧壁有第二管腔，该第二细长插管还有真空侧部口，该真空侧部口穿过第二侧壁延伸，并与第二管腔流体连通。插管驱动弹簧设置成当近侧锁机构运动至退后位置时压缩，并设置成当近侧锁机构从退后位置释放时解压缩，以便沿远侧方向推动第二插管组件。真空源位于壳体本体内。真空源设置成储存真空。真空源包括腔室侧壁，该腔室侧壁确定一容积。腔室侧壁有腔室真空口。真空密封件密封接合地置于腔室真空口和第二细长插管之间。扳机滑动组件有滑动器本体，该滑动器本体与壳体本体连接，并与第二插管本体的驱动凸片连接。扳机滑动组件设置成这样：滑动器本体沿近侧方向的第一近侧运动使得第二插管组件退后第一距离，以便使得第二插管组件的近侧锁机构锁定在退后位置，并压缩插管驱动弹簧；滑动器本体沿近侧方向的第二近侧运动使得第二插管组件退后第二距离，该第二距离与第一距离累积，以便使得第二细长插管的真空侧部口与真空源的腔室真空口对齐，以便从真空源向第二细长插管的第二管腔供给真空；以及滑动器本体的第三运动释放近侧锁机构，从而插管驱动弹簧解压缩，以便沿远侧方向推动第二插管组件的第二细长插管。
在另一形式中，本发明涉及一种活检装置。该活检装置包括壳体本体，该壳体本体确定纵向轴线。插管组件有促动器本体和固定在该促动器本体上的细长插管。细长插管有侧壁，该侧壁确定管腔，该细长插管有真空侧部口，该真空侧部口穿过侧壁延伸，并与管腔流体连通。促动器本体有驱动凸片和近侧锁机构。近侧锁机构设置成选择地与壳体本体接合，以便将插管组件可释放地锁定在退后位置中。插管驱动弹簧连接在壳体本体和促动器本体之间。插管驱动弹簧设置成当近侧锁机构运动至退后位置时压缩，并设置成当近侧锁机构从退后位置释放时解压缩，以便沿远侧方向推动细长插管。真空源与壳体本体连接，并设置成储存真空。真空源包括真空腔室壳体，该真空腔室壳体有腔室开口端、腔室端壁、腔室侧壁和腔室真空口，该腔室侧壁在腔室开口端和腔室端壁之间延伸。腔室侧壁具有确定了截面为U形区域的周边，该U形区域在腔室开口端和腔室端壁之间纵向延伸，以便确定U形容积。扳机滑动组件有滑动器本体，该滑动器本体与插管组件的驱动凸片和真空源操作连接。
在另一形式中，本发明涉及一种活检装置，该活检装置包括壳体本体和插管组件，该插管组件有促动器本体和固定在该促动器本体上的细长插管。细长插管有确定管腔的侧壁，并有真空侧部口，该真空侧部口穿过侧壁延伸，并与管腔流体连通。促动器本体有驱动凸片和近侧锁机构。近侧锁机构设置成选择地与壳体本体接合，以便将插管组件可释放地锁定在退后位置中。插管驱动弹簧连接在壳体本体和促动器本体之间。插管驱动弹簧设置成当近侧锁机构运动至退后位置时压缩，并设置成当近侧锁机构从退后位置释放时解压缩，以便沿远侧方向推动细长插管。真空源与壳体本体连接，并设置成储存真空。真空源包括真空腔室壳体，该真空腔室壳体有腔室侧壁，该腔室侧壁有腔室真空口。扳机滑动组件有滑动器本体，该滑动器本体与壳体本体可滑动地连接，并与插管组件的驱动器本体的驱动凸片操作连接。扳机滑动组件设置成这样：滑动器本体的第一近侧运动使得插管组件退后第一距离，以便将插管组件锁定在退后位置，并压缩插管驱动弹簧；滑动器本体的第二近侧运动使得插管组件退后第二距离，该第二距离与第一距离累积，以便使得细长插管的真空侧部口与真空源的腔室真空口对齐，以便从真空源向细长插管的第二管腔供给真空；以及滑动器本体沿远侧方向的第三运动释放近侧锁机构，从而插管驱动弹簧解压缩，以便沿远侧方向推动插管组件。
附图说明
通过下面结合附图对本发明优选实施例的说明，将更清楚本发明的上述和其它特征和优点以及实现它们的方式，并将更好地理解本发明，附图中：
图1是根据本发明实施例的活检装置的透视图；
图2是图1的活检装置的侧视图；
图3是图1的活检装置的分解图；
图4是图2的活检装置沿平面4-4的剖视图；
图5是与图4的剖视图相对应的剖视图，表示了内部插管组件的锁机构和真空源处于它们的相应锁定(加注)位置；
图6是图2的活检装置沿平面6-6的剖视图；
图7是图1和2的活检装置沿图1的平面7-7的剖视图，表示了真空源、内部插管组件、真空加注手柄机构以及扳机滑动组件的滑动器本体处于它们的相应初始位置；
图8是与图7的剖视图相对应的剖视图，表示了真空源处于加注位置，真空加注手柄机构完全退后；
图9是与图7的剖视图相对应的剖视图，表示了真空源处于加注位置，真空加注手柄机构处于返回加注位置；
图10是与图7的剖视图相对应的剖视图，表示了扳机滑动组件的滑动器本体处于第一退后加注位置，内部插管组件处于加注(击发)位置；
图11是图10的剖视图的一部分的放大图，表示了具有腔室真空口的真空源，该腔室真空口由切割插管侧壁来关闭；
图12是与图7的剖视图相对应的剖视图，表示了扳机滑动组件的滑动器本体和内部插管组件处于进一步退后的真空应用位置；
图13是图12的剖视图的一部分的放大图，表示了具有腔室真空口的真空源，该腔室真空口开口，并与切割插管侧壁的真空侧部口流体连通；
图14是与图7的剖视图相对应的剖视图，表示了内部插管组件处于加注(击发)位置，扳机滑动组件的滑动器本体返回至初始位置；以及
图15是图14的剖视图的一部分的放大图，表示了扳机滑动组件的滑动器本体准备使得插管锁机构向下偏转，用于在滑动器本体超过它的初始位置的远侧运动时释放。
在全部附图中，相应参考符号表示相应部件。这里阐述的示例表示了本发明的实施例，且这些示例绝不认为是以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
具体实施方式
下面将参考附图，特别参考图1-7，图中表示了根据本发明实施例的活检装置10。活检装置10设置为单次插入单个试样(SISS)的活检装置，它是完全一次性的。
如图1-3中所示，活检装置10大致包括壳体12、扳机滑动组件14、插管组件16和真空源18。在介绍活检装置10时，为了方便，将参考远侧方向D1和近侧方向D2。
壳体12包括壳体本体20，该壳体本体20确定了纵向轴线22。壳体本体20有近侧端壁24、远侧端壁26、上表面28和内壁30。内壁30布置在近侧端壁24和远侧端壁26之间。内壁30将壳体本体20分成近侧腔室32和远侧腔室34。腔室盖36可拆卸地附接在壳体本体20上，以便封闭近侧腔室32。
近侧端壁24有一对手柄连杆开口24-1、24-2。
还参考图4和5，内壁30有两个活塞连杆开口30-1、30-2、活塞锁定开口30-3和插管锁定开口30-4。
最好如图3中所示，壳体本体20的上表面28有细长滑动狭槽38，该细长滑动狭槽38确定了第一滑动狭槽边缘38-1和第二滑动狭槽边缘38-2。第二滑动狭槽边缘38-2沿与纵向轴线22垂直的方向与第一滑动狭槽边缘38-1间隔开。
扳机滑动组件14在细长滑动狭槽38处与壳体本体20连接。扳机滑动组件14包括滑动器本体40，该滑动器本体40有一对相对的槽道40-1、40-2，该一对槽道40-1、40-2设置成分别接收壳体本体20的细长滑动狭槽38的第一滑动狭槽边缘38-1和第二滑动狭槽边缘38-2。扳机滑动组件14由偏压弹簧42沿远侧方向D1偏压。
还参考图7-10、12和14，利用滑动器本体40的近端40-3作为参考点，滑动器本体40有四个位置，即：初始位置40-4、第一近侧位置40-5、第二近侧位置40-6和最远侧位置40-7。滑动器本体40的四个位置将在后面更详细介绍。
最好如图3中所示，插管组件16包括插管支承杆44、外部插管组件46和内部插管组件48。
插管支承杆44布置在壳体本体20中，在纵向轴线22上和与该纵向轴线22共同延伸。插管支承杆44有近端44-1，该近端44-1与壳体本体20的内壁30连接。对于静止的外部插管组件46和可运动的内部插管组件48，插管支承杆44提供了沿纵向轴线22的径向支承。
外部插管组件46有端帽本体50和细长外部插管52，该细长外部插管52沿纵向轴线22延伸。端帽本体50与壳体本体20在该壳体本体20的远端壁26处连接。因此，外部插管52相对于壳体本体20静止。外部插管52与插管支承杆44同轴，并接收在插管支承杆44的一部分上面。
外部插管52有端部52-1、穿透尖端52-2和侧壁52-3，该侧壁52-3在端部52-1和穿透尖端52-2之间延伸。端部52-1固定在端帽本体50上。侧壁52-3设置成确定管腔52-4，并有细长侧部开口52-5，该细长侧部开口52-5穿过侧壁52-3延伸。因此，细长侧部开口52-5与管腔52-4流体连通。细长侧部开口52-5设置成在活检处理过程中接收组织试样。
内部插管组件48包括促动器本体54、插管支承杆座56和细长切割插管58。
还参考图7并结合图3，促动器本体54有驱动凸片54-1、近侧锁机构54-2、插管安装件54-3和近侧轴向孔54-4。驱动凸片54-1设置成与扳机滑动组件14的滑动器本体40接合，用于与该滑动器本体40一起纵向运动，例如沿近侧方向D2。
还参考图10，促动器本体54的近侧锁机构54-2和壳体本体20的内壁30的插管锁开口30-4一起形成具有卡扣特征的制动器。近侧锁机构54-2设置成穿过壳体本体20的内壁30的插管锁开口30-4，从而将细长切割插管58可释放地锁定在退后(加注，或者有时也称为击发)位置。更特别是，近侧锁机构54-2成悬臂54-5的形式，该悬臂54-5在其自由端处有锁头部54-6，该锁头部54-6设置成捕获近侧腔室32中的、在插管锁开口30-4附近的内壁30部分(也见图5)，以便将细长切割插管58可释放地锁定在退后(加注或击发)位置。
切割插管58与插管支承杆44和外部插管52同轴。更特别是，在本实施例中，切割插管58径向置于插管支承杆44和外部插管52之间，且切割插管58可滑动地接收于外部插管52的管腔52-4中，并可滑动地接收插管支承杆44。
最好如图3中所示，切割插管58有端部部分58-1、远侧切割刃58-2和侧壁58-3(也见图11)，该侧壁58-3在端部部分58-1和远侧切割刃58-2之间延伸。端部部分58-1固定在插管安装件54-3上，且端部部分58-1与促动器本体54的近侧轴向孔54-4流体连通。
侧壁58-3确定了内部管腔58-4。内部管腔58-4可滑动地接收在插管支承杆44上面。插管支承杆密封件56(呈橡胶O形环的形式)位于促动器本体54的近侧轴向孔54-4内。插管支承杆44穿过插管支承杆密封件56的孔来接收，且插管支承杆密封件56径向置于促动器本体54和插管支承杆44之间。因此，插管支承杆密封件56设置成在促动器本体54的近侧轴向孔54-4内轴向静止，同时可与促动器本体54一起沿插管支承杆44轴向运动。
还参考图12和13，切割插管58还包括真空侧部口58-5，该真空侧部口58-5在端部部分58-1处穿过侧壁58-3延伸，并与内部管腔58-4流体连通。当切割插管58位于外部插管52的管腔52-4中时，真空侧部口58-5还与外部插管52的远侧部分流体连通，该远侧部分包括细长侧部开口52-5。
还参考图3和7-9，插管驱动弹簧60(例如呈螺旋弹簧的形式)位于壳体本体20的远侧腔室34中，在壳体本体20的内壁30和内部插管组件48的促动器本体54之间。还参考图10、12和14，插管驱动弹簧60设置成当内部插管组件48沿近侧方向D2运动至退后位置时压缩，以便储存能量，这时，近侧锁机构54-2的锁头部54-6穿过壳体本体20的内壁30的插管锁开口30-4，从而将内部插管组件48(包括细长切割插管58)可释放地锁定在退后位置。同样，插管驱动弹簧60设置成当近侧锁机构54-2从它的锁定状态释放时解压缩，以便释放储存的能量，从而沿远侧方向D1推动内部插管组件48。
最好如图3和7-9中所示，真空加注手柄机构62是对真空源18进行的补充。真空加注手柄机构62设置成通过供给真空来加注(即充装)真空源18。真空加注手柄机构62包括手柄基部64和一对细长的手柄连杆66、68，该一对手柄连杆66、68沿远侧方向D1从手柄基部64伸出。手柄基部64可以包括一个或多个周边抓住脊64-1。
该对细长手柄连杆66、68定位成穿过近侧端壁24的相应一对手柄连杆开口24-1、24-2和进入近侧腔室32中。该对细长手柄连杆66、68各自有相应的纵向狭槽66-1、68-1。该对细长手柄连杆66、68各自还设置成穿过在壳体本体20的内壁30中的活塞连杆开口30-1、30-2的相应连杆开口，以便与真空源18接合，如后面更充分所述。
再参考图3和6，真空源18包括真空腔室壳体70，该真空腔室壳体70有腔室开口端72、腔室端壁74和腔室侧壁76。腔室侧壁76有与外表面70-1相对应的周边76-1，该外表面70-1确定了在截面中的U形区域，该U形区域在腔室开口端72和腔室端壁74之间纵向延伸，以便确定U形容积76-2。腔室侧壁76的U形结构有利于内部插管组件48可运动塞入与真空源18相同的基底面内的能力，从而有效地利用在活检装置10内的空间。
还参考图8-13，腔室侧壁76有腔室真空口76-3。特别参考图11和13，细长切割插管58的真空侧部口58-5设置成用于选择地与真空腔室壳体70的腔室真空口76-3流体接合。腔室真空口76-3设置为腔室侧壁76的升高凸起，且该升高凸起有孔，该孔穿过腔室侧壁76的升高凸起延伸至U形容积76-2。真空腔室壳体密封件78(呈橡胶O形环的形式)密封接合地置于真空腔室壳体70的腔室真空口76-3和细长切割插管58之间。当真空腔室壳体70的腔室真空口76-3和细长切割插管58的真空侧部口58-5径向对齐时，真空腔室壳体密封件78密封接合地置于真空腔室壳体70的腔室真空口76-3和细长切割插管58的真空侧部口58-5之间，以方便在切割插管58的内部管腔58-4中建立真空。
特别参考图3和6，腔室侧壁76有第一U形壁部分76-4、第二U形壁部分76-5、第一倒转U形壁部分76-6和第二倒转U形壁部分76-7。第二U形壁部分76-5小于第一U形壁部分76-4，以便确定在外表面70-1上在真空腔室壳体70的腔室侧壁76的上部部分处的上部细长凹入沟槽80。第二U形壁部分76-5绕腔室侧壁76的上部部分的周边76-1布置在第一倒转U形壁部分76-6和第二倒转U形壁部分76-7之间。
最好如图3和6中所示，细长凹入沟槽80设置成接收内部插管组件48，该内部插管组件包括促动器本体54和切割插管58。更特别是，促动器本体54包括下部弯曲表面，该下部弯曲表面沿凹入沟槽80的纵向延伸范围被径向支承，且切割插管58接收于该细长凹入沟槽80中，而并不接触腔室侧壁76。还参考图10-13，腔室真空口76-3从腔室侧壁76从细长凹入沟槽80内沿朝向切割插管58的方向向外延伸。
参考图2、3、6和7，真空源18还包括真空柱塞机构82。真空柱塞机构82包括U形活塞84，该U形活塞84位于U形容积76-2中。U形活塞84有近侧表面84-1和远侧表面84-2。腔室密封件85(呈U形橡胶O形环的形式)设置成用于在腔室侧壁76的内表面76-8和U形活塞84之间密封接合。
参考图2和5-10，活塞锁机构84-3沿近侧方向D2从近侧表面84-1伸出，并呈悬臂84-4的形式，该悬臂84-4在它的自由端处有锁头部84-5。U形活塞84的活塞锁机构84-3和壳体本体20的内壁30的活塞锁开口30-3一起形成具有卡扣特征的制动器。
特别参考图8和9，当U形活塞84沿近侧方向D2运动(即退后)以便加注真空源18时，真空积累在真空腔室壳体70中，因此，真空腔室壳体70将认为被加注。活塞锁机构84-3设置成穿过壳体本体20的内壁30的活塞锁开口30-3，从而将U形活塞84可释放地锁定在退后(加注)位置。更特别是，活塞锁机构84-3的锁头部84-5设置成捕获在近侧腔室32中在活塞锁开口30-3附近的内壁30部分，以便将U形活塞84可释放地锁定在退后(加注)位置。
参考图8-10、12和14，当真空源18加注时，真空腔室壳体70与U形活塞84共同确定了近似20立方厘米的真空存储量，且真空压力在完全充装时在-5.0psi至-6.0psi(-34.4kPa至-41.4kPa)的范围内。
再参考图3，真空源18设置成具有止回阀89，以便能够在U形活塞84沿近侧方向D2退后时在真空腔室壳体70中积累真空，但是也在U形活塞84释放和沿远侧方向D1朝向腔室端壁74运动(准备用于真空重新加注操作)时平衡压力。止回阀89设置成方便使得流体只沿一个方向流动，例如，可以呈球/弹簧阀的形式。如图3中所示，止回阀89布置在真空腔室壳体70的腔室端壁74上。也可选择，考虑止回阀89可以建立在U形活塞84内。
参考图3、5、6、8-10、12和14，一对活塞连杆86、88从U形活塞84的近侧表面84-1向近侧延伸。该对活塞连杆86、88各自有相应近端86-1、88-1和从该近端86-1、88-1向远侧延伸的孔86-2、88-2。该对活塞连杆86、88各自设置成穿过在壳体本体20的内壁30中的相应活塞连杆开口30-1、30-2(见图4和5)和进入近侧腔室32(见图8-10)内。一对偏压弹簧90、92各自分别接收在一对细长手柄连杆66、68上面，并定位在壳体本体20的近侧端壁24和一对活塞连杆86、88的相应近端86-1、88-1之间。一对连接部件86-3、88-3(例如凸片、夹、销等)可以固定在真空柱塞机构82的一对活塞连杆86、88的相应活塞连杆上或者与该活塞连杆成一体，并设置成可滑动地接合在真空加注手柄机构62的相应细长手柄连杆66、68的相应纵向狭槽66-1、68-1内。在本实施例中，一对连接部件86-3、88-3各自形成为布置在该对活塞连杆86、88的相应活塞连杆上的卡扣凸片的一部分，并设置成与真空加注手柄机构62的相应细长手柄连杆66、68的相应纵向狭槽66-1、68-1接合。也可选择，设想连接部件86-3、88-3可以是单独的紧固件，例如销。
下面将主要参考图7-15和整个参考图3来介绍活检装置10的操作。
图7表示了活检装置10，其中，全部部件处于它们的相应初始位置。更特别是，滑动器本体40的初始位置40-4是当并不向滑动器本体40施加外力时滑动器本体40将总是返回的位置。还有，真空加注手柄机构62的手柄基部64的初始位置64-2是手柄基部64紧邻壳体本体20的最近侧部分的位置。
参考图8，为了使得活检装置10准备用于执行活检处理，真空源18进行加注，即，使得真空储存在真空腔室壳体70中。为了加注真空源18，用户沿近侧方向D2拉动手柄基部64至它的最近侧位置64-3，这又使得真空柱塞机构82沿近侧方向D2向近侧退后至完全退后(加注)位置。
更特别是，手柄基部64朝向最近侧位置64-3的近侧运动导致手柄连杆66、68的近侧运动。因为手柄连杆66、68与活塞连杆86、88可滑动地连接，因此，手柄连杆66、68的近侧运动导致真空柱塞机构82向近侧运动至真空加注位置，其中，当手柄基部64到达最近侧位置64-3时，活塞锁机构84-3穿过壳体本体20的内壁30的活塞锁开口30-3，并将U形活塞84可释放地锁定在退后(加注)位置。同时，弹簧90、92被压缩。
参考图9，在加注真空源18之后，手柄基部64沿远侧方向D1运动至近侧中间位置64-4。因为手柄连杆66、68固定附接在手柄基部64上，因此手柄基部64的运动也导致手柄连杆66、68运动。不过，因为手柄连杆66、68通过纵向狭槽66-1、68-1而与活塞连杆86、88可滑动地连接，同时U形活塞84锁定在退后(加注)位置，因此，手柄连杆66、68在活塞连杆86、88内沿远侧方向D1自由地运动，直到手柄连杆66、68压缩在活塞连杆86、88内至阻力点。阻力点例如可以由纵向狭槽66-1、68-1的长度来确定，或者也可选择，当手柄连杆66、68的远端遇到U形活塞84在活塞连杆86、88内的近侧表面84-1时确定。
因此，当手柄基部64处于近侧中间位置64-4时，手柄基部64的远侧运动受到限制。不过，当希望重新加注真空源18和/或除去真空源18的加注时，用户可以通过沿远侧方向D1向手柄基部64用力地施加压力(例如用手来用力撞击)来实现，以便克服活塞锁机构84-3的锁定力，且通过弹簧90、92解压缩，U形活塞84返回至它的初始位置(见图7)。
在加注真空源18(图9)之后，活检装置10准备使得插管组件16插入患者的组织内，用于定位在活检部位处。特别是，插管组件16插入患者体内，以使得外部插管52的细长侧部开口52-5定位在活检部位处在要取样的组织附近。
参考图10、12和14，然后，扳机滑动组件14的滑动器本体40相继从初始位置40-4运动至第一近侧位置40-5(图10)，然后运动至第二近侧位置40-6(图12)，然后返回至初始位置40-4(图9)，然后运动至最远侧位置40-7(见图14)，以便执行组织试样捕获顺序。
再有，滑动器本体40的初始位置40-4(例如见图9)是当并不向滑动器本体40施加外部力时滑动器本体40将总是返回的位置。因此，当在任何时候用户故意或者意外地释放滑动器本体40时，滑动器本体40将总是返回至初始位置，并能够从初始位置40-4重新开始该顺序。
参考图10，第一近侧位置40-5是当进行内部插管组件(包括切割插管58)的加注(击发)时滑动器本体40的位置。当滑动器本体40沿近侧方向D2运动时，滑动器本体40与内部插管组件48的促动器本体54的驱动凸片54-1接合，切割插管58牢固附接在该内部插管组件48上。因此，滑动器本体40沿近侧方向D2的纵向运动将导致具有切割插管58的内部插管组件48沿近侧方向D2的相应运动。
滑动器本体向近侧运动至第一近侧位置40-5将使得内部插管组件48退后第一距离，以便将细长切割插管58的近侧锁机构54-2锁定在退后(加注或击发)位置，并压缩插管驱动弹簧60。更特别是，近侧锁机构54-2穿过壳体本体20的内壁30的插管锁开口30-4，以便将细长切割插管58可释放地锁定在退后(加注或击发)位置。在加注(击发)位置中，细长切割插管58退后，以便打开外部插管52的细长侧部开口52-5。
还参考图11，当扳机滑动组件14的滑动器本体40处于除了第二近侧位置40-6之外的任意位置时，切割插管58将阻挡真空腔室壳体70的腔室真空口76-3，因此防止储存在真空腔室壳体70内的真空供给逸出。
因此，下面参考图12，为了在活检处理过程中向外部插管52的细长侧部开口52-5施加真空，滑动器本体40运动至第二近侧位置40-6，该第二近侧位置40-6比第一近侧位置40-5更近侧地间隔开一定距离。因此，滑动器本体的第二向近侧运动至第二近侧位置40-6将使得内部插管组件48退后第二距离，该第二距离与第一近侧距离(该第一近侧距离与第一近侧位置40-5相关联)累积，以便使得细长切割插管58的真空侧部口58-5与真空源18的腔室真空口76-3径向对齐(见图13)，从而真空从真空源18的真空腔室壳体70传递给切割插管58的内部管腔58-4，再传递给外部插管52的细长侧部开口52-5，以便向细长侧部开口52-5附近的组织施加真空，从而在释放切割插管58之前将组织吸入细长侧部开口52-5内。
只要认为需要在外部插管52的细长侧部开口52-5处建立真空和使得要取样的组织吸入外部插管52的细长侧部开口52-5内，用户将使得扳机滑动组件14的滑动器本体40保持在第二近侧位置40-6。这个时段可以是例如从0.5至2秒，由医生来确定。然后，用户将释放滑动器本体40，且偏压弹簧42将使得滑动器本体40返回至初始位置40-4。
参考图14和15，滑动器本体40的最远侧位置40-7是在初始位置40-4远侧的位置，是当内部插管组件48(包括切割插管58)进行发射(除去加注)时的位置，即，以便切断接收于外部插管52的细长侧部开口52-5内的组织试样。如图14和15中所示，滑动器本体40包括压低部件40-8，该压低部件40-8设置成这样，当滑动器本体40从初始位置40-4向远侧朝着最远侧位置40-7运动时，压低部件40-8与内部插管组件48的近侧锁机构54-2的锁头部54-6接合，并向下推动近侧锁机构54-2的锁头部54-6，以便释放锁头部54-6在插管锁开口30-4处与内壁30进行远侧接触。因此，插管驱动弹簧60从压缩状态释放(即发射，或者除去加注，见图7)，以便沿远侧方向D1推动包括切割插管58的内部插管组件48，从而切割插管的远侧切割刃58-2运行经过外部插管52的细长侧部开口52-5，以便切断先前接收于外部插管52的细长侧部开口52-5内的组织试样，并将组织试样捕获在插管组件16内。
这时，活检装置10的插管组件16从患者体内取出。然后，具有切割插管58的内部插管组件48退后，以便从外部插管52的细长侧部开口52-5中移出捕获的组织试样。
当希望从相同患者再次取样时，可以重复上述处理。
在从患者获取全部希望的试样之后，建议以安全方式整体处理活检装置10。
尽管已经对于至少一个实施例介绍了本发明，但是本领域技术人员应该知道，本发明能够在本发明的精神和范围内进一步变化。因此，本申请将覆盖使用本发明总体原理的、本发明的任意变化、使用或改变。而且，本申请将覆盖如本领域中已知或常规实践的本发明的变化形式，这些变化形式落在附加权利要求的限制内。

Claims (19)

1.一种活检装置，包括：
壳体本体，所述壳体本体确定了纵向轴线；
插管组件，所述插管组件具有：第一细长插管，所述第一细长插管具有细长侧部开口和设置成确定第一管腔的第一侧壁，所述细长侧部开口穿过第一侧壁延伸；以及第二细长插管，所述第二细长插管与第一细长插管同轴，第二细长插管具有切割刃和确定了第二管腔的第二侧壁，第二侧壁具有与第二管腔流体连通的真空侧部口；
真空源，所述真空源位于壳体本体内，真空源具有腔室侧壁，所述腔室侧壁具有腔室真空口，真空源具有密封件，所述密封件密封接合地置于腔室真空口和第二细长插管之间；以及
扳机滑动组件，所述扳机滑动组件与壳体本体连接，并与插管组件连接，设置成使得第二细长插管运动，以使得第二细长插管的真空侧部口与真空源的腔室真空口对齐，以便从真空源向第二细长插管的第二管腔供给真空；
其中，真空源包括真空腔室壳体，所述真空腔室壳体具有腔室开口端、腔室端壁和腔室侧壁，腔室侧壁具有确定截面为U形区域的周边，所述U形区域在腔室开口端和腔室端壁之间纵向延伸，以便确定U形容积，其中，腔室侧壁的一部分确定了具有纵向延伸范围的细长凹入沟槽，第二细长插管定位在所述细长凹入沟槽内，而并不接触腔室侧壁。
2.根据权利要求1所述的活检装置，还包括：
真空柱塞机构，所述真空柱塞机构具有U形活塞，所述U形活塞位于真空腔室壳体的U形容积内；以及
腔室密封件，所述腔室密封件设置成用于在腔室侧壁的内表面和U形活塞之间密封接合。
3.根据权利要求2所述的活检装置，其中：
壳体本体包括内壁，所述内壁具有活塞锁开口；以及
真空柱塞机构包括活塞锁机构，所述活塞锁机构从U形活塞的近侧表面伸出，活塞锁机构设置成当U形活塞沿近侧方向运动时穿过内壁的活塞锁开口，并将所述U形活塞可释放地锁定在退后位置。
4.根据权利要求3所述的活检装置，其中：
壳体本体的内壁具有一对连杆开口；以及
U形活塞包括一对活塞连杆，所述一对活塞连杆从U形活塞的近侧表面向近侧延伸，所述一对活塞连杆各自具有近端和从所述近端向远侧延伸的孔，所述一对活塞连杆设置成穿过在壳体本体的内壁中的相应一对连杆开口，还包括：
真空加注手柄机构，所述真空加注手柄机构具有手柄基部和一对细长手柄连杆，所述一对细长手柄连杆从手柄基部伸出，所述一对细长手柄连杆各自具有纵向狭槽，所述一对细长手柄连杆可滑动地接收于所述一对活塞连杆的孔内；以及
一对连接部件，所述一对连接部件设置成使得所述一对活塞连杆与所述一对细长手柄连杆滑动接合地连接。
5.根据权利要求1所述的活检装置，其中：真空源包括真空腔室壳体，所述真空腔室壳体具有腔室开口端、腔室端壁和腔室侧壁，腔室侧壁具有确定细长凹入沟槽的周边，所述细长凹入沟槽具有纵向延伸范围，第二细长插管定位在所述细长凹入沟槽内，而并不接触腔室侧壁。
6.根据权利要求5所述的活检装置，其中：腔室真空口沿朝向第二细长插管的方向从细长凹入沟槽内从腔室侧壁向外延伸。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的活检装置，其中：第二细长插管定位在第一细长插管的第一管腔内，第一细长插管相对于壳体本体静止，第二细长插管可在第一管腔内相对于壳体本体运动，第二细长插管的第二管腔与第一细长插管的第一管腔流体连通。
8.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的活检装置，还包括：插管支承杆，所述插管支承杆固定在壳体本体上，并与第一细长插管和第二细长插管同轴，插管支承杆接收于第二细长插管的第二管腔内。
9.一种活检装置，包括：
壳体本体，所述壳体本体确定了纵向轴线；
第一插管组件，所述第一插管组件具有第一细长插管，所述第一细长插管沿纵向轴线延伸，第一细长插管具有第一侧壁，所述第一侧壁设置成确定第一管腔，所述第一细长插管还具有细长侧部开口，所述细长侧部开口延伸穿过第一侧壁；
第二插管组件，所述第二插管组件包括第二插管本体，所述第二插管本体与第二细长插管连接，所述第二细长插管可滑动地接收于第一细长插管的第一管腔内，
第二插管本体具有驱动凸片和近侧锁机构，所述近侧锁机构设置成将第二细长插管可释放地锁定在退后位置中，
第二细长插管具有第二侧壁，所述第二侧壁具有第二管腔，所述第二细长插管还具有真空侧部口，所述真空侧部口延伸穿过第二侧壁，并与第二管腔流体连通；以及
插管驱动弹簧，所述插管驱动弹簧设置成当近侧锁机构运动至退后位置时压缩，并设置成当近侧锁机构从退后位置释放时解压缩，以便沿远侧方向推动第二插管组件；
真空源，所述真空源位于壳体本体内，真空源设置成储存真空，真空源包括腔室侧壁，所述腔室侧壁确定一容积，腔室侧壁具有腔室真空口，并具有真空密封件，所述真空密封件密封接合地置于腔室真空口和第二细长插管之间；以及
扳机滑动组件，所述扳机滑动组件具有滑动器本体，所述滑动器本体与壳体本体连接，并与第二插管本体的驱动凸片连接，所述扳机滑动组件设置成这样：
滑动器本体沿近侧方向的第一近侧运动使得第二插管组件退后第一距离，以便使得第二插管组件的近侧锁机构锁定在退后位置，并压缩插管驱动弹簧；
滑动器本体沿近侧方向的第二近侧运动使得第二插管组件退后第二距离，所述第二距离与第一距离累积，以便使得第二细长插管的真空侧部口与真空源的腔室真空口对齐，以便从真空源向第二细长插管的第二管腔供给真空；以及
滑动器本体的第三运动释放近侧锁机构，从而插管驱动弹簧解压缩，以便沿远侧方向推动第二插管组件的第二细长插管。
10.根据权利要求9所述的活检装置，其中：滑动器本体的第三运动是沿与近侧方向相反的远侧方向。
11.根据权利要求9或10所述的活检装置，其中：腔室侧壁确定了U形容积，腔室侧壁的一部分确定了细长凹入沟槽，所述细长凹入沟槽具有纵向延伸范围，第二细长插管定位在所述细长凹入沟槽内并在腔室侧壁的外部，并不接触腔室侧壁。
12.根据权利要求9或10所述的活检装置，其中：真空源的腔室侧壁具有确定截面为U形区域的周边，所述U形区域纵向延伸，以便确定U形容积；活检装置还包括：真空柱塞机构，所述真空柱塞机构具有U形活塞，所述U形活塞位于U形容积内；以及腔室密封件，所述腔室密封件设置成用于在腔室侧壁的内表面和U形活塞之间密封接合。
13.根据权利要求12所述的活检装置，其中：
壳体本体包括内壁，所述内壁具有活塞锁开口；以及
真空柱塞机构包括活塞锁机构，所述活塞锁机构从U形活塞的近侧表面伸出，活塞锁机构设置成当U形活塞沿近侧方向运动至退后位置时穿过内壁的活塞锁开口，并将所述U形活塞可释放地锁定在退后位置。
14.根据权利要求13所述的活检装置，还包括：
一对活塞连杆，所述一对活塞连杆从U形活塞的近侧表面向近侧延伸，所述一对活塞连杆各自具有近端和从所述近端向远侧延伸的孔；
真空加注手柄机构，所述真空加注手柄机构具有手柄基部和一对细长手柄连杆，所述一对细长手柄连杆从手柄基部伸出；以及
一对连接部件，所述一对连接部件设置成使得所述一对活塞连杆与所述一对细长手柄连杆滑动接合地连接。
15.根据权利要求9或10所述的活检装置，其中：腔室侧壁具有确定细长凹入沟槽的周边，所述细长凹入沟槽具有纵向延伸范围，第二细长插管定位在所述细长凹入沟槽内并在腔室侧壁的外部，而并不接触腔室侧壁。
16.根据权利要求15所述的活检装置，其中：腔室真空口沿朝向第二细长插管的方向从细长凹入沟槽内从腔室侧壁向外延伸。
17.根据权利要求16所述的活检装置，其中：第一细长插管相对于壳体本体静止，第二细长插管可在第一管腔内相对于壳体本体运动，第二细长插管的第二管腔与第一细长插管的细长侧部开口流体连通。
18.根据权利要求9或10所述的活检装置，还包括：插管支承杆，所述插管支承杆固定在壳体本体上，并与第一细长插管和第二细长插管同轴，插管支承杆接收于第二细长插管的第二管腔内。
19.根据权利要求9或10所述的活检装置，其中：腔室侧壁具有确定截面为U形区域的周边，腔室侧壁在真空源的腔室开口端和腔室端壁之间纵向延伸，以便确定U形容积。
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