CN105675492A - Testing method of continuous scratching interference behavior of single abrasive particles, in which non-ferrous metal test piece is pre-ground by diamond tool - Google Patents
Testing method of continuous scratching interference behavior of single abrasive particles, in which non-ferrous metal test piece is pre-ground by diamond tool Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 194
- 230000002393 scratching effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- 238000006748 scratching Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011224 oxide ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052574 oxide ceramic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006061 abrasive grain Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001651 emery Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013152 interventional procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 CBN Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a testing method of continuous scratching interference behavior of single abrasive particles, in which a non-ferrous metal test piece is pre-ground by a diamond tool and belongs to the field of material performance testing in machining and precise and ultra-precise machining. The non-ferrous metal test piece is fixed to an electric main shaft and subjected to online dynamic balance; the diamond tool is adopted for repairing a disk of the test piece, and end face runout and roughness required by testing are achieved; a tool head with single abrasive particles fixedly connected to the top end is installed for replacement, and tool setting is performed in the replacing process; finally, scratching testing is performed, the test piece rotates at an assigned rotating speed, the tool head performs radial feeding at assigned cutting depth, interference spiral scratches are formed on the end faces of the test piece, and a testing system acquires scratching force, acoustic emission signals and other physical quantities in the process. By means of the testing method, the interference behavior between the abrasive particles in the high-speed grinding process can be simulated. A relevant testing result can be used for deep research of a grinding mechanism and optimization of grinding parameters.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the material properties test in machining and precise and ultraprecise machining field, be specifically related to a kind of diamond cutter and have the continuous scratching act of interference method of testing of single abrasive particle of non-ferrous metal test specimen in advance.
Background technology
Grinding process can be regarded as abrasive surface and arranges uneven in a large number, is distributed the working angles that irregular different abrasive particle completes jointly. In scientific research, often complicated phenomenon is abstracted into the pattern of a kind of simplification, the problem inquiring into some essence. The shear action constituting the tiny abrasive particle of emery wheel is the basis of grinding, and single abrasive grain cutting, as the basic model of grinding, becomes a kind of important means of the complicated ablation of understanding. In actual grinding process, abrasive particle on the grinding tools such as emery wheel interferes on the same position of machined surface, the form that abrasive particle removes material is made to complicate, therefore the forming on often same position many abrasive grain cuttings, plough the result of plough or scratching effect of machined surface in abrasive machining, therefore studies many abrasive particles interference effect from the teeth outwards power to analyzing in grinding process, temperature, the chip formation mechanism of material and workpiece machining surface quality and has important directive significance.
Many scholars have experimentally done substantial amounts of work single abrasive particle scratching, relevant test method and device thereof are developed, but the shortcoming due to research technique and assay device, all without the impact considering that many abrasive particles interfere, the research that many abrasive particles interfere also rests on simulation stage mostly, as utilized the material of Boolean calculation emulation abrasive particle interventional procedures to remove, or numerical value emulation method is utilized to be modeled the interventional procedures of many abrasive particles analyzing. also a small amount of many abrasive particles of research are had to interfere the device of impact, as many abrasive particles are arranged with certain relative angle and radial spacing, the effect interfered is produced when scratching, but the arrangement error that many abrasive particles are on radial spacing relatively big (resolution 10 μm), therefore when many abrasive particles interfere, the control accuracy of actual amount of interference is not higher than 10 μm, therefore the interference testing of some large scales (more than 100 μm) abrasive particle can only be carried out, device structure is complicated simultaneously, adjustment process is largely dependent upon the experience of operator, it is not carried out automatization to adjust and position feedback control, thus it is difficult to the test of high-precision act of interference.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art part, provide a kind of diamond cutter and have the continuous scratching act of interference method of testing of single abrasive particle of non-ferrous metal test specimen in advance, dish and precise motion feedback control is repaiied in conjunction with Ultra-precision Turning, utilize single abrasive particle can make the scratching act of interference of many abrasive particles, device structure is simple, and the control accuracy of abrasive particle amount of interference is high; Dependence test result may be used for grinding mechanism and the further investigation of grinding skin forming process, thus optimizing grinding parameter, improves product quality.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of diamond cutter has the continuous scratching act of interference method of testing of single abrasive particle of non-ferrous metal test specimen in advance, including:
1) being fixed on electro spindle by non-ferrous metal test specimen, test specimen can be rotated by electro spindle; This test specimen is carried out on-line dynamic balancing;
2) adopting diamond single point cutter that this test specimen is repaiied dish, be better than IT1 level forming end face run-out amount in surface of test piece, what surface average roughness Ra was better than 5nm repaiies disk area, specifically comprises the following steps that
2-1) dish repaiied by polycrystalline diamond single-point lathe tool: vertical turning pattern, repairing the range of speeds of test specimen during dish is 2000～10000rpm, polycrystalline diamond single-point lathe tool outside test specimen with the cutting-in of 10～50 μm along test specimen radial feed, feed speed ranges for 0.4～1.2mm/s, and feeding distance is the 1/4～1/2 of test specimen diameter;
2-2) dish repaiied by single-crystal diamond single-point lathe tool: vertical turning pattern, repairing the range of speeds of test specimen during dish is 2000～10000rpm, single-crystal diamond single-point lathe tool outside test specimen with the cutting-in of 2～10 μm along test specimen radial feed, feed speed ranges for 0.1～0.3mm/s, and feeding distance is the 1/4～1/2 of test specimen diameter;
3) diamond single point cutter touching tool setting gauge, it is determined that repair disk area and the tool setting gauge difference in height h to cutter plane0; Diamond single point cutter is replaced by top and is connected with the tool heads of single abrasive particle, the abrasive particle on tool heads top touching tool setting gauge, then shifting h on the axial direction that tool heads is rotated along test specimen0+ δ, so that the abrasive particle on tool heads top is positioned at test specimen and repaiies δ place above disk area, completes cutter;
4) tool heads level is moved to directly over the scratching point repairing disk area, and move down δ+apSo that the scratching degree of depth is ap; Scratching radius R according to the scratching speed v that need to test and scratching point place, passes throughThe setting speed n of calculation testing piece; According to the interference ratio ρ that need to test, the arc radius r of single abrasive particle, scratching degree of depth ap, pass throughCalculate the radial feed speed s of tool heads; Test specimen rotates according to setting speed n, and tool heads is according to radial feed speed s and scratching degree of depth apAlong test specimen radial feed, so that abrasive particle is repairing disk area scratching and is being formed the cut of predetermined interference degrees, by the data in the measurement system acquisition scratching process that is connected with tool heads in this process.
In one embodiment: described step 4) in, tool heads is according to radial feed speed s and scratching degree of depth apAlong while test specimen radial feed along the direction feeding of test specimen rotation axis.
In one embodiment: described abrasive particle is diamond, CBN, oxide ceramics or nitride ceramics, abrasive particle is shaped as spherical, conical or polygonal pyramid shape; This abrasive particle is fixed in tool heads top by mechanical grip, plating or soldering; Described tool heads is pressure head.
In one embodiment: described measurement system is dynamometry and acoustic emission system, including dynamometer, acoustic emission system, data collecting card and signal amplifier that mutual signal connects;Described tool heads is connected with dynamometer and acoustic emission system.
In one embodiment: the natural frequency of described dynamometer is higher than 4KHz, and dynamometry precision is better than 0.01N; The sample rate of described data collecting card is higher than 2M/s.
In one embodiment: described test specimen is disc; Described step 2) in, repair during dish the feeding distance of diamond single point cutter less than test specimen radius, described in repair disk area be annular.
In one embodiment: described tool heads is superior to 0.1 μm in the positioning precision of the axial direction rotated along test specimen and radial direction, this positioning precision coordinates control by displacement transducer and corresponding position feedback system.
In one embodiment: the positioning precision of described tool setting gauge is better than 0.1 μm.
In one embodiment: described cut is continuous helical shape cut, and the cut number of turns is more than 3.
In one embodiment: described tool heads axis is parallel to test specimen rotation axis.
Except having explanation, the connected mode between the single processing procedure of each device involved in the present invention and each device is this area routine techniques, is not described in detail at this.
The technical program is compared with background technology, and it has the advantage that
1. the high precision measurement method of single abrasive particle scratching act of interference disclosed in this invention, utilize single abrasive particle can make the scratching act of interference of many abrasive particles, can be used for studying single abrasive particle act of interference under the different scratching degree of depth, different interference degrees, different scratching speed, due to be continuous scratching can accurate stable collect scratching force signal; Device structure is simple, and the control accuracy of abrasive particle amount of interference is high; Dependence test result may be used for grinding mechanism and the further investigation of grinding skin forming process, thus optimizing grinding parameter, improves product quality.
2. main shaft-sample system is carried out on-line dynamic balancing by the present invention, it is to avoid significantly end face run-out in high-speed rotation or circular runout, thus keep the stable contact condition between abrasive particle and test specimen; Simultaneously, utilize single-point diamond Ultraprecision Machining that test specimen is carried out on-line machining, improve form accuracy and the surface smoothness of test specimen simultaneously, improve test specimen rotating accuracy and grain motion precision, thus the relative motion precision that ensure that between abrasive particle and test specimen, coordinate dynamic balancing, further ensure and can contact continually and steadily in relatively dash wiping distance between abrasive particle and test specimen, thus realizing the high-speed, high precision scratching test of abrasive particle.
3., according to the general knowledge of this area, the machined surface quality of test specimen must be better than the surface quality that relevant grinding process obtains, it is desirable to exceeding an order of magnitude, the cut test result obtained could be used for the analysis of grinding process cutting mechanisms; Owing to the present invention is greatly improved the quality of surface of test piece, therefore, it is possible to meet the requirement of the high accuracy analysis such as grinding process cutting mechanisms, can be used for the research of Material Removal Mechanism in process of friction and wear and grinding.
4. the abrasive particle scratching degree of depth is more than the stability of more than 5 times guarantee scratchings of surface of test piece fluctuating quantity; owing to the present invention is greatly improved the quality of surface of test piece; surface of test piece precision and fineness are good; even the abrasive particle of small grain size also can realize stable high accuracy scratching; therefore may be used for single abrasive particle scratching test of small grain size abrasive particle; expand the range of application of the present invention further, be also being greatly facilitated single abrasive particle scratching experimental technique of the industry.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
Fig. 1 is the method for testing principle schematic of the present invention.
Fig. 2 be the present invention repair dish Principle of Process schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the act of interference schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 4 repaiies the contrast of surface of test piece three-dimensional appearance before and after dish in the embodiment of the present invention 1, wherein Fig. 4 a for before repairing dish (through conventional finish turning processes), Fig. 4 b is for after repairing dish.
Fig. 5 repaiies the contrast of surface of test piece end face run-out amount before and after dish in the embodiment of the present invention 1, wherein Fig. 5 a for before repairing dish (through conventional finish turning processes), its end face run-out amount maximum is up to 17.7 μm; Fig. 5 b is for after repairing dish, and its end face run-out amount maximum is 2.9 μm.
Fig. 6 interferes under ratio ρ the schematic diagram that affects on cutting force, v in figure in difference in the embodiment of the present invention 1sBeing tool heads radial feed speed s, wherein Fig. 6 a is normal force with interfering ratio ρ variation tendency schematic diagram, and Fig. 6 b is that tangential force is with interfering ratio ρ variation tendency schematic diagram.
Fig. 7 is the three-dimensional appearance figure that in the embodiment of the present invention 2, abrasive particle interferes cut.
Fig. 8 is the two-dimensional appearance figure that in the embodiment of the present invention 2, abrasive particle interferes cut.
Fig. 9 repaiies disk area and does not repair the continuous scratching test result schematic diagram of single abrasive particle of disk area in comparative example of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing labelling: test specimen 1, tool heads 2, repair disk area 3, tool setting gauge 4, diamond bit 5.
Detailed description of the invention
Illustrate present disclosure by the examples below:
Embodiment 1
A kind of diamond cutter has the continuous scratching act of interference method of testing of single abrasive particle of non-ferrous metal test specimen in advance, and the device adopted includes:
Lathe, disc non-ferrous metal test specimen 1 is installed on the electro spindle of lathe, and test specimen 1 can be rotated by electro spindle;
Dynamic balance instrument, for carrying out on-line dynamic balancing to test specimen 1;
Diamond single point cutter, for diamond bit 5, specifically polycrystalline diamond (PCD) single-point lathe tool and single-crystal diamond (ND) single-point lathe tool, for test specimen 1 end face is repaiied dish; This diamond bit 5 is installed in support dismantledly, and is installed in lathe movably by support;
Tool heads 2, is used for carrying out scratching test; This tool heads 2 top is connected with the abrasive particle of single; This tool heads 2 can be installed in support with diamond single point cutter with replacing mounting or dismounting mutually, and is installed in lathe movably by support; Tool heads 2 axis is parallel to test specimen 1 rotation axis, tool heads 2 can test specimen 1 rotate axial direction and move in the radial direction, and it being superior to 0.1 μm in the positioning precision of both direction, the control with grating scale and corresponding position feedback system thereof of this positioning precision ensures;
Tool setting gauge 4, for carrying out cutter to diamond single point cutter and tool heads 2, positioning precision is better than 0.1 μm; Be installed in lathe, and and relative position between test specimen 1 keep fixing;
Measurement system, for dynamometry and acoustic emission system, including dynamometer, acoustic emission system, data collecting card and signal amplifier that mutual signal connects; This tool heads 2 is connected with dynamometer and acoustic emission system; Data acquisition card signal connects computer; The natural frequency of dynamometer is higher than 4KHz, and dynamometry precision is better than 0.01N; The sample rate of data collecting card is higher than 2M/s.
Concrete method of testing is as follows:
1) the aluminum alloy round dish type test specimen 1 of diameter 400mm being passed through mechanical clamp clamping on the electro spindle of lathe, test specimen 1 can be rotated by electro spindle; With dynamic balance instrument, this test specimen 1 is carried out on-line dynamic balancing, to reduce the test specimen 1 vibration when high speed rotating, thus ensureing that in scratching process, abrasive particle can stably contact with test specimen 1;
2) adopt diamond bit 5 that this test specimen 1 is repaiied dish, first repair dish with polycrystalline diamond single-point lathe tool, dish is repaiied again with single-crystal diamond single-point lathe tool, end face run-out amount 3 μm is formed on test specimen 1 surface, the annular of surface average roughness Ra 4nm repaiies disk area 3, to reduce test specimen 1 end face run-out amount, improves surface quality, being further ensured that in scratching process, abrasive particle can stably contact with test specimen 1, concretely comprises the following steps:
2-1) dish repaiied by polycrystalline diamond single-point lathe tool: the close turning pattern of vertical superfinishing, repairing the rotating speed of test specimen 1 during dish is 3000rpm, polycrystalline diamond single-point lathe tool outside test specimen 1 with the cutting-in of 10 μm along test specimen 1 radial feed, feed speed ranges for 0.4～1.2mm/s, and feeding distance is 160mm;
2-2) dish repaiied by single-crystal diamond single-point lathe tool: the close turning pattern of vertical superfinishing, repairing the rotating speed of test specimen 1 during dish is 3000rpm, single-crystal diamond single-point lathe tool outside test specimen 1 with the cutting-in of 2 μm along test specimen 1 radial feed, feed speed ranges for 0.1～0.3mm/s, and feeding distance is 160mm;
Repair the contrast of test specimen 1 three-dimensional surface shape and end face run-out amount before and after dish and see Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 respectively;
3) tool setting gauge 4 touched by diamond bit 5, it is determined that repair disk area 3 and the tool setting gauge 4 difference in height h to cutter plane0; Diamond bit 5 is taken off from support, it is replaced by top plating and is connected with the tool heads 2 of the spherical wear particles that single radius is 0.1mm, tool heads 2 top moves closer to tool setting gauge 4, when measuring system data and producing sudden change, the abrasive particle on representational tool head 2 top just touches tool setting gauge 4 to cutter plane, then shifting h on axial direction tool heads 2 rotated along test specimen0+ δ, so that the abrasive particle on tool heads 2 top is positioned at test specimen 1 and repaiies δ place above disk area 3, completes cutter, thus can accurately control the scratching degree of depth when ensureing follow-up test;
4) every test parameter is calculated:
Scratching radius R (mm) according to the scratching speed v (m/s) that need to test and scratching point place, passes throughThe setting speed n of calculation testing piece 1;
Among the present embodiment, the scratching speed v of required test takes 20～60m/s, it is 40～200mm that annular repaiies the radius of disk area, repair the radius carrying out scratching test in disk area be also set to 40～200mm at this, using the range of speeds of this scratching speed and radius calculation testing piece and take a suitable intermediate value 4000rpm as rotating speed n; With this understanding, scratching radius R corresponding to the scratching speed of 20m/s the is corresponding scratching speed that scratching radius R is 47.7mm, 60m/s is 143.2mm;
Interference degrees is generally with interfering ratio ρ (mm/r2) characterize, interfere ratio to be defined as:
Wherein, s (mm/r) for tool heads every turn along the test specimen amount of feeding radially, for the radial feed speed of characterization tool head; L (mm) is scratching width; The arc radius that r (mm) is single abrasive particle, arc radius is the radius of the circular arc of the two-dimensional section of abrasive particle, and when abrasive particle is spherical, arc radius is equal with abrasive particle radius; ap(mm) for the scratching degree of depth;
According to the interference ratio ρ that need to test, the arc radius r and scratching degree of depth a of single abrasive particlep, utilize the defined formula of above-mentioned interference ratio, pass throughCalculate the radial feed speed s obtaining tool heads;
Among the present embodiment, the interference ratio ρ of required test is set to 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%; The arc radius r of single spherical wear particles is 0.1mm; Scratching degree of depth apIt is set to 20 μm, 50 μm, calculates corresponding s value respectively.
As required, in scratching process, it is possible to adjust tool heads and make its axis direction upper feeding rotated at test specimen 1, make scratching degree of depth apChange, the scratching degree of depth a of two adjacent rings cutpDifference be calculated as h, such that it is able to study single abrasive particle act of interference under the different scratching degree of depth; In the present embodiment, h=0.
Tool heads 2 level is moved to and repaiies directly over the setting scratching point of disk area 3, and move down δ+apTo reach to set scratching degree of depth ap; Test specimen 1 rotates according to above-mentioned setting speed n=4000rpm, and tool heads 2 is according to the radial feed speed s set and scratching degree of depth apAlong test specimen 1 radial feed, in conjunction with the rotation of test specimen 1, so that abrasive particle is repairing the continuous helical shape cut that the formation of disk area 3 scratching interferes ratio to be ρ, the cut number of turns is more than 3;
Scratching process gathers the data in scratching process by the dynamometer being connected with tool heads 2 and acoustic emission system, and by signal amplifier transmission to data collecting card, transmit again to computer and be calculated, the physical quantitys such as scratching power, acoustic emission signal can be obtained, for studying the act of interference under above-mentioned various condition.
Under the difference interference ratio ρ that employing said method obtains on the impact of cutting force as shown in Figure 6.
Embodiment 2
1) the aluminum alloy round dish type test specimen 1 of diameter 140mm being passed through mechanical clamp clamping on the electro spindle of lathe, test specimen 1 can be rotated by electro spindle; With dynamic balance instrument, this test specimen 1 is carried out on-line dynamic balancing, to reduce the test specimen 1 vibration when high speed rotating, thus ensureing that in scratching process, abrasive particle can stably contact with test specimen 1;
2) adopt diamond bit 5 that this test specimen 1 is repaiied dish, first repair dish with polycrystalline diamond single-point lathe tool, dish is repaiied again with single-crystal diamond single-point lathe tool, end face run-out amount 3 μm is formed on test specimen 1 surface, the annular of surface average roughness Ra 4nm repaiies disk area 3, to reduce test specimen 1 end face run-out amount, improves surface quality, being further ensured that in scratching process, abrasive particle can stably contact with test specimen 1, concretely comprises the following steps:
2-1) dish repaiied by polycrystalline diamond single-point lathe tool: the close turning pattern of vertical superfinishing, repairing the rotating speed of test specimen 1 during dish is 3000rpm, polycrystalline diamond single-point lathe tool outside test specimen 1 with the cutting-in of 10 μm along test specimen 1 radial feed, feed speed ranges for 0.4～1.2mm/s, and feeding distance is 40mm;
2-2) dish repaiied by single-crystal diamond single-point lathe tool: the close turning pattern of vertical superfinishing, repairing the rotating speed of test specimen 1 during dish is 3000rpm, single-crystal diamond single-point lathe tool outside test specimen 1 with the cutting-in of 2 μm along test specimen 1 radial feed, feed speed ranges for 0.1～0.3mm/s, and feeding distance is 40mm;
3) tool setting gauge 4 touched by diamond bit 5, it is determined that repair disk area 3 and the tool setting gauge 4 difference in height h to cutter plane0; Diamond bit 5 is taken off from support, it is replaced by top plating and is connected with the tool heads 2 of the spherical wear particles that single radius is 0.2mm, tool heads 2 top moves closer to tool setting gauge 4, when measuring system data and producing sudden change, the abrasive particle on representational tool head 2 top just touches tool setting gauge 4 to cutter plane, then shifting h on axial direction tool heads 2 rotated along test specimen0+ δ, so that the abrasive particle on tool heads 2 top is positioned at test specimen 1 and repaiies δ place above disk area 3, completes cutter, thus can accurately control the scratching degree of depth when ensureing follow-up test;
4) every test parameter is calculated:
Scratching radius R (mm) according to the scratching speed v (m/s) that need to test and scratching point place, passes throughThe setting speed n of calculation testing piece 1;
Among the present embodiment, the scratching speed v of required test takes 10～20m/s, it is 30～70mm that annular repaiies the radius of disk area, repair the radius carrying out scratching test in disk area be also set to 30～70mm at this, using the range of speeds of this scratching speed and radius calculation testing piece and take a suitable intermediate value 3000rpm as rotating speed n; With this understanding, scratching radius R corresponding to the scratching speed of 10m/s the is corresponding scratching speed that scratching radius R is 31.8mm, 20m/s is 63.6mm;
According to the interference ratio ρ that need to test, the arc radius r and scratching degree of depth a of single abrasive particlep, pass throughCalculate the radial feed speed s obtaining tool heads;
Among the present embodiment, the interference ratio ρ of required test is set to 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%; The arc radius r of single spherical wear particles is 0.2mm; Scratching degree of depth apIt is set to 20 μm, 50 μm, calculates corresponding s value respectively. The axis direction that tool heads rotates along test specimen with the speed of 5 μm/s while with s radial feed is to lower feeding, so that the scratching degree of depth a of two adjacent rings cutpDifference h=0.1 μm.
Tool heads 2 level is moved to and repaiies directly over the setting scratching point of disk area 3, and move down δ+apTo reach to set scratching degree of depth ap; Test specimen 1 rotates according to above-mentioned setting speed n=3000rpm, and tool heads 2 is according to the radial feed speed s set and scratching degree of depth apAlong test specimen 1 radial feed, simultaneously with the speed axial feed of 5 μm/s, in conjunction with the rotation of test specimen 1, so that abrasive particle is repairing the continuous helical shape cut that the formation of disk area 3 scratching interferes ratio to be ρ, the cut number of turns is more than 3;
Scratching process gathers the data in scratching process by the dynamometer being connected with tool heads 2 and acoustic emission system, and by signal amplifier transmission to data collecting card, transmit again to computer and be calculated, the physical quantitys such as scratching power, acoustic emission signal can be obtained, for studying the act of interference under above-mentioned various condition.
The three-dimensional appearance of the abrasive particle interference cut that employing said method obtains and two-dimensional appearance are respectively as shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8.
In the embodiment of the present invention, for ease of describing, single abrasive particle is spherical, but it is not limited thereto, abrasive particle shape can also be cone or polygonal pyramid shape etc., the arc radius r of taper abrasive particle is the round end radius of taper abrasive particle, is commercially available round end radius on the market at the 50 μm～1mm taper abrasive particle not waited; Abrasive particle can be diamond, CBN (cubic boron nitride), oxide ceramics or nitride ceramics; Abrasive particle shape can also be cone or polygonal pyramid shape; This abrasive particle is fixed in tool heads top by mechanical grip, plating or soldering; Described tool heads can be pressure head or other fixed grain form.
As required, repairing the parameter of dish and adjust in following scope and carry out one or many and repair dish, can form end face run-out amount in surface of test piece and be better than IT1 level, what surface average roughness Ra was better than 5nm repaiies disk area:
2-1) dish repaiied by polycrystalline diamond single-point lathe tool: vertical turning pattern, repairing the range of speeds of test specimen during dish is 2000～10000rpm, polycrystalline diamond single-point lathe tool outside test specimen with the cutting-in of 10～50 μm along test specimen radial feed, feed speed ranges for 0.4～1.2mm/s, and feeding distance is the 1/4～1/2 of test specimen diameter; Or:
2-2) dish repaiied by single-crystal diamond single-point lathe tool: vertical turning pattern, repairing the range of speeds of test specimen during dish is 2000～10000rpm, single-crystal diamond single-point lathe tool outside test specimen with the cutting-in of 2～10 μm along test specimen radial feed, feed speed ranges for 0.1～0.3mm/s, and feeding distance is the 1/4～1/2 of test specimen diameter.
Comparative example
It should be noted that, test condition in this comparative example is set between adjacent cut not interfere, so that the difference of paired observation cut form, scratching effect, but this comparative example still can reflect the act of interference test adopting the method for testing of the present invention can realize high-speed, high precision.
Take non-ferrous metal test specimen, after conventional finish turning processes, surface of test piece is divided into two regions, one of them region carries out repairing dish according to the dish step of repairing of the present invention, making its surface quality reach end face run-out amount and be better than IT1 level, surface average roughness Ra is better than 5nm, is designated as and repaiies disk area; Another region does not carry out repairing dish, is designated as and does not repair disk area.
The method of testing that above-mentioned test specimen adopts the present invention is carried out single the continuous scratching of abrasive particle, repairing disk area and do not repairing formation cut in disk area under same test parameter, scratch depth is only small, micron order can be reached, its comparing result is as shown in Figure 9, can be seen that, when scratch depth is only small, the cut repairing disk area forms coherent spiral type, it is distributed in uniform intervals, detect its depth direction error less than 1 μm/1mm, show that abrasive particle all can contact in the relatively dash wiping distance repairing in disk area continually and steadily with test specimen, such that it is able to the high-speed, high precision scratching act of interference for abrasive particle is tested, and the cut not repairing disk area can not form coherent spiral type, differ in cut interval, the cut depth, scratch width are respectively provided with macroscopic diversity, it was shown that cannot contact continually and steadily between abrasive particle and test specimen, are more not used to the high-speed, high precision scratching act of interference test of abrasive particle.
The above, be only present pre-ferred embodiments, therefore can not limit scope of the invention process according to this, and the equivalence namely made according to the scope of the claims of the present invention and description changes and modifies, and all should still belong in the scope that the present invention contains.
Claims (10)
1. the continuous scratching act of interference method of testing of single abrasive particle that a diamond cutter has non-ferrous metal test specimen in advance, it is characterised in that: including:
1) being fixed on electro spindle by non-ferrous metal test specimen, test specimen can be rotated by electro spindle; This test specimen is carried out on-line dynamic balancing;
2) adopting diamond single point cutter that this test specimen is repaiied dish, be better than IT1 level forming end face run-out amount in surface of test piece, what surface average roughness Ra was better than 5nm repaiies disk area, specifically comprises the following steps that
2-1) dish repaiied by polycrystalline diamond single-point lathe tool: vertical turning pattern, repairing the range of speeds of test specimen during dish is 2000～10000rpm, polycrystalline diamond single-point lathe tool outside test specimen with the cutting-in of 10～50 μm along test specimen radial feed, feed speed ranges for 0.4～1.2mm/s, and feeding distance is the 1/4～1/2 of test specimen diameter;
2-2) dish repaiied by single-crystal diamond single-point lathe tool: vertical turning pattern, repairing the range of speeds of test specimen during dish is 2000～10000rpm, single-crystal diamond single-point lathe tool outside test specimen with the cutting-in of 2～10 μm along test specimen radial feed, feed speed ranges for 0.1～0.3mm/s, and feeding distance is the 1/4～1/2 of test specimen diameter;
3) diamond single point cutter touching tool setting gauge, it is determined that repair disk area and the tool setting gauge difference in height h to cutter plane0; Diamond single point cutter is replaced by top and is connected with the tool heads of single abrasive particle, the abrasive particle on tool heads top touching tool setting gauge, then shifting h on the axial direction that tool heads is rotated along test specimen0+ δ, so that the abrasive particle on tool heads top is positioned at test specimen and repaiies δ place above disk area, completes cutter;
4) tool heads level is moved to directly over the scratching point repairing disk area, and move down δ+apSo that the scratching degree of depth is ap;Scratching radius R according to the scratching speed v that need to test and scratching point place, passes throughThe setting speed n of calculation testing piece; According to the interference ratio ρ that need to test, the arc radius r of single abrasive particle, scratching degree of depth ap, pass throughCalculate the radial feed speed s of tool heads; Test specimen rotates according to setting speed n, and tool heads is according to radial feed speed s and scratching degree of depth apAlong test specimen radial feed, so that abrasive particle is repairing disk area scratching and is being formed the cut of predetermined interference degrees, by the data in the measurement system acquisition scratching process that is connected with tool heads in this process.
2. a kind of diamond cutter according to claim 1 has the continuous scratching act of interference method of testing of single abrasive particle of non-ferrous metal test specimen in advance, it is characterised in that: described step 4) in, tool heads is according to radial feed speed s and scratching degree of depth apAlong while test specimen radial feed along the direction feeding of test specimen rotation axis.
3. a kind of diamond cutter according to claim 1 has the continuous scratching act of interference method of testing of single abrasive particle of non-ferrous metal test specimen in advance, it is characterized in that: described abrasive particle is diamond, CBN, oxide ceramics or nitride ceramics, abrasive particle is shaped as spherical, conical or polygonal pyramid shape; This abrasive particle is fixed in tool heads top by mechanical grip, plating or soldering; Described tool heads is pressure head.
4. a kind of diamond cutter according to claim 1 has the continuous scratching act of interference method of testing of single abrasive particle of non-ferrous metal test specimen in advance, it is characterized in that: described measurement system is dynamometry and acoustic emission system, including dynamometer, acoustic emission system, data collecting card and signal amplifier that mutual signal connects; Described tool heads is connected with dynamometer and acoustic emission system.
5. a kind of diamond cutter according to claim 4 has the continuous scratching act of interference method of testing of single abrasive particle of non-ferrous metal test specimen in advance, it is characterised in that: the natural frequency of described dynamometer is higher than 4KHz, and dynamometry precision is better than 0.01N; The sample rate of described data collecting card is higher than 2M/s.
6. a kind of diamond cutter according to claim 3 has the continuous scratching act of interference method of testing of single abrasive particle of non-ferrous metal test specimen in advance, it is characterised in that: described test specimen is disc; Described step 2) in, repair during dish the feeding distance of diamond single point cutter less than test specimen radius, described in repair disk area be annular.
7. a kind of diamond cutter according to claim 1 has the continuous scratching act of interference method of testing of single abrasive particle of non-ferrous metal test specimen in advance, it is characterized in that: described tool heads is superior to 0.1 μm in the positioning precision of the axial direction rotated along test specimen and radial direction, this positioning precision coordinates control by displacement transducer and corresponding position feedback system.
8. a kind of diamond cutter according to claim 1 has the continuous scratching act of interference method of testing of single abrasive particle of non-ferrous metal test specimen in advance, it is characterised in that: the positioning precision of described tool setting gauge is better than 0.1 μm.
9. a kind of diamond cutter according to claim 1 has the continuous scratching act of interference method of testing of single abrasive particle of non-ferrous metal test specimen in advance, it is characterised in that: described cut is continuous helical shape cut, and the cut number of turns is more than 3.
10. a kind of diamond cutter according to claim 1 has the continuous scratching act of interference method of testing of single abrasive particle of non-ferrous metal test specimen in advance, it is characterised in that: described tool heads axis is parallel to test specimen rotation axis.
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