CN105717030A - Single-abrasive-grain high-speed continuous scratching testing machine and application thereof - Google Patents
Single-abrasive-grain high-speed continuous scratching testing machine and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105717030A CN105717030A CN201610077965.XA CN201610077965A CN105717030A CN 105717030 A CN105717030 A CN 105717030A CN 201610077965 A CN201610077965 A CN 201610077965A CN 105717030 A CN105717030 A CN 105717030A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
Abstract
The invention discloses a single-abrasive-grain high-speed continuous scratching testing machine and application thereof.The testing machine mainly comprises a fixed seat, a workbench, an electric main shaft, a test piece, an X-direction feeding device, a micrometer head, a clamping device, a tool head, a trimming device, a measuring system, a tool setting gauge and the like; after the surface of the test piece is trimmed through the trimming device, the electric main shaft drives the test piece to rotate, the tool head is driven by the micrometer head and the X-direction feeding device to feed at a certain cutting depth in the radial direction of the test piece, an abrasive grain scratches on the surface of the test piece, helical scratches are formed, and the measuring system collects data in the testing process.According to the single-abrasive-grain high-speed continuous scratching testing machine and application thereof, the scratching force of the single abrasive grain can be accurately obtained under the high speed condition, the testing precision is high, testing results can be used for intensive research of a grinding machining mechanism, therefore, grinding machining parameters are optimized, and the product quality is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the testing of materials in machining and precise and ultraprecise machining field, be specifically related to a kind of single abrasive particle high-speed and continuous scratching testing machine and application thereof.
Background technology
It is uneven that grinding process can regard that abrasive surface arranges in a large number as, is distributed the working angles that irregular different abrasive particle completes jointly.In scientific research, often complicated phenomenon is abstracted into the pattern of a kind of simplification, inquires into some the most essential problems.The shear action constituting the tiny abrasive particle of emery wheel is the basis of grinding, and single abrasive grain cutting, as the basic model of grinding, becomes a kind of important means of the complicated ablation of understanding.OhbuchiY. single abrasive particle scratching experiment has been carried out the earliest with MatsuoT..Numerous scholars have experimentally done substantial amounts of work single abrasive particle scratching subsequently, provide strong guidance for studying single abrasive particle scratching.But existing experimental facilities yet suffers from some shortcomings part; such as, mono-pendulum type scratching (tool heads is motionless with rotation, workpiece) in existing scratching equipment can only achieve grinding speed 100m/s; and general plane scratching mode (tool heads is motionless; workpiece rotates) owing to rotating speed is low, be not easy dynamic balancing; actual wipe speed only has the 1/10 of grinding speed; when causing test, single abrasive particle scratching speed is far below the speed in actual grinding process, and the test result obtained can not accurately reflect the grinding process of reality.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art part, provide a kind of single abrasive particle high-speed and continuous scratching testing machine and application thereof, grinding force can be accurately recorded under high-speed condition, measuring accuracy is higher, test result may be used for the further investigation of grinding mechanism, thus optimizing grinding parameter, improve product quality.
One of the technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of single continuous scratching testing machine of abrasive particle, including:
Fixing seat；
Horizontally disposed workbench, is fixed in fixing seat top；
Vertically arranged electro spindle, is fixed in fixing seat, and electro spindle upwards passes workbench；
Test specimen, is fixed in electro spindle top and coaxial with electro spindle, drives test specimen to rotate by electro spindle；
X, to feed arrangement, is installed in workbench, and direction of feed is perpendicular to electro spindle axis of rotation and along test specimen radial feed；
Clamping device, is installed in X to feed arrangement；
Tool heads, is installed in clamping device dismantledly；Tool heads top is connected with abrasive particle；
For making tool heads along the differential head being parallel to the direction feeding of electro spindle axis of rotation, it is fixed in clamping device；
Repair dish device for what surface of test piece was repaiied dish, be installed in clamping device dismantledly；
For gathering the measurement system of scratching process data, it is connected with tool heads；
Tool setting gauge, is fixed in workbench, and this tool setting gauge is provided with the Z-axis zero setter for regulating tool setting gauge；
After repairing dish device surface of test piece repaiied dish, electro spindle drives test specimen to rotate, driving tool heads with certain cutting-in along test specimen radial feed by differential head and X to feed arrangement, abrasive particle forms spiral scratch in surface of test piece scratching, and measurement system gathers data in the process.
In one embodiment: described fixing seat includes lathe bed affixed up and down and base；Described workbench is fixed in lathe bed top；Described electro spindle is fixed in lathe bed；
The adjusting apparatus of an energy leveling and support works platform it is provided with between described workbench and fixing seat；
Being connected with bracing frame on described workbench, this bracing frame includes two support arms that symmetrically arranged length does not wait, and is provided with a micromatic setting that can adjust shorter support arm height between shorter support arm and workbench；Described X is fixed on this two support arm tops to feed arrangement；Shorter support arm height is adjusted to regulate X to feed arrangement direction of feed by micromatic setting；The least displacement resolution of described micromatic setting is better than 10nm.
In one embodiment: end face run-out amount and radial beat eccentricity that described electro spindle rotates are respectively less than 1 μm, and its maximum (top) speed is not less than 5000rpm.
In one embodiment: described test specimen is the disc-shaped structure that non-ferrous metal, ferrous metal or crisp and hard material are made；Test specimen is fixed in electro spindle top by piece fixture；Described piece fixture is vacuum cup, magnetic-disc or mechanical clips；Electro spindle, piece fixture are coaxial with test specimen three；
Described abrasive particle is diamond, CBN, oxide ceramics or nitride ceramics；Being shaped as of abrasive particle is spherical, taper；This abrasive particle is fixed in tool heads top by pressure head, soldering, plating.
In one embodiment: X is better than 0.1 μm to the carry precision of feed arrangement；The minimum division value of differential head is not more than 0.5 μm；The positioning precision of Z-axis zero setter is better than 0.1 μm.
In one embodiment: described measurement system is dynamometer and acoustic emission system, including dynamometer, acoustic emission system, data collecting card and signal amplifier that mutual signal connects；Described tool heads is connected with dynamometer and acoustic emission system；The natural frequency of described dynamometer is higher than 4KHz, and dynamometry precision is better than 0.01N；The sample rate of described data collecting card is higher than 2M/s.
In one embodiment: described clamping device includes clamp body, lower clamp body and knife bar；Upper clamp body and lower clamp body are connected up and down, and are provided with up/down perforation and the circular hole being interconnected in the two, and the inside reducing in this circular hole lower openings place forms ledge structure；Knife bar adaptation sliding installation is in circular hole and can move up and down in circular hole, and knife bar top has bulge loop structure, and the outer surface of revolution of bulge loop structure forms matched in clearance with circular hole sidewall in lower clamp body；Lower clamp body is stretched out in knife bar bottom；Described tool heads is screwed onto knife bar bottom dismantledly；
Described differential head is installed in clamp body, the axle of differential head extend downwardly in circular hole and separably contact on knife bar；Rotated by differential head and the downward contact knife bar of axle is so that knife bar moves down；The elastic component for making knife bar upwards reset it is additionally provided with between bulge loop structure and ledge structure.
In one embodiment: described in repair dish device and tool heads and knife bar is replaced and is installed in clamping device, repair dise knife tool including what be connected and repair dise knife bar, repairing dise knife bar adaptation sliding installation and and can move up and down in circular hole in the circular hole of clamping device；Repair dise knife tool to be fixed in and repair dise knife bar lower end；
Or,
Described repair unit head and the single-point bistrique that dish device includes being connected.
In one embodiment: described in repair dise knife tool for diamond bit, CBN lathe tool.
The two of the technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems are:
The test method of the continuous scratching testing machine of single above-mentioned abrasive particle, including:
1) being fixed on electro spindle by test specimen, test specimen can be rotated by electro spindle；This test specimen is carried out on-line dynamic balancing；
2) electro spindle drives test specimen to rotate, employing repair dish device under differential head drives with certain cutting-in and under X drives to feed arrangement along test specimen radial feed, cut test specimen from test specimen radially outside and this surface of test piece is repaiied dish, repair disk area to be formed in surface of test piece；
3) note repaiies the reading of differential head during dish is z1, control X to feed arrangement and differential head feeding, make to repair dish device touching Z-axis zero setter, remember that the reading of now differential head is z2, then after repairing dish, surface of test piece repaiies the difference in height h to cutter plane of disk area and tool setting gauge0=z1-z2；Change the outfit tool heads, ibid touches Z-axis zero setter, and controls shifting h on differential head0+ δ can ensure that tool heads top is positioned at test specimen annular and repaiies δ place in disk area plane, completes cutter；
4) to feed arrangement, tool heads level is moved to directly over the scratching point repairing disk area by X, and move down δ+a by differential headpSo that the scratching degree of depth is ap；Scratching radius R according to the scratching speed v that need to test and scratching point place, passes throughThe setting speed n of calculation testing piece；Test specimen rotates according to setting speed n, and tool heads by X to feed arrangement radially feeding so that abrasive particle forms spiral scratch repairing disk area scratching, by the data in the measurement system acquisition scratching process that is connected with tool heads in this process.
The technical program is compared with background technology, and it has the advantage that
Single the abrasive particle high-speed and continuous scratching testing machine of the present invention, adopts and repaiies dish Tool Control surface of test piece quality so that in scratching process, abrasive particle can stably contact with test specimen, reaches less stable scratch depth, it is ensured that the high accuracy of scratching process；And adopt high-speed electric main shaft to drive test specimen to rotate and the scratching mode of tool heads radially feeding, it is achieved scratching at high speed；It is achieved thereby that the continuous scratching test of high speed, high-precision single abrasive particle；Meanwhile, single the abrasive particle high-speed and continuous scratching testing machine of the present invention can provide stable state scratching process, is easier to the physical quantity of the scoring processes such as accurate acquisition cutting force, acoustic emission signal than mono-pendulum type scratching test method；Its test result may be used for the further investigation of grinding mechanism, thus optimizing grinding parameter, improves product quality.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
Fig. 1 is the front elevational schematic of the continuous scratching testing machine of single abrasive particle of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic top plan view of the continuous scratching testing machine of single abrasive particle of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the close-up schematic view of the continuous scratching testing machine of single abrasive particle of the present invention, it is shown that X is to feed arrangement, differential head, clamping device, the annexation of tool heads and associated components.
Fig. 4 is the clamping device structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is A-A generalized section in Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 be the present invention repair dish apparatus structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 7 repaiies the contrast of surface of test piece three-dimensional appearance before and after dish in experimental example of the present invention, wherein Fig. 7 a for before repairing dish (through conventional finish turning processes), Fig. 7 b is for after repairing dish.
Fig. 8 repaiies the contrast of surface of test piece end face run-out amount before and after dish in experimental example of the present invention, wherein Fig. 8 a for before repairing dish (through conventional finish turning processes), its end face run-out amount maximum is up to 17.7 μm；Fig. 8 b is for after repairing dish, and its end face run-out amount maximum is 2.9 μm.
Fig. 9 is three-dimensional appearance and the cross sectional shape figure (the scratching degree of depth 20 μm) thereof of cut in the embodiment of the present invention, and wherein Fig. 9 a is the three-dimensional appearance schematic diagram of cut, and Fig. 9 b is the cross sectional shape figure of cut.
Figure 10 is the cutting force change schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention under different scratching speed, and wherein Figure 10 a is normal direction cutting force, and Figure 10 b is cutting force.
Accompanying drawing labelling: base 1, lathe bed 2, electro spindle 3, adjust screw 4, workbench 5, micromatic setting 6, bracing frame 7, Z-axis zero setter 8, X is to linear electric motors 9, differential head 10, dynamometer 11, clamping device 12, fixing screw 12a, upper clamp body 12b, spring 12c, lower clamp body 12d, knife bar 13, tool heads 14, test specimen 15, piece fixture 16, repair dish device 17, repair dise knife bar 17a, repair dise knife tool 17b.
Detailed description of the invention
Illustrate present disclosure by the examples below:
Embodiment
Refer to Fig. 1 to Fig. 6, a kind of single continuous scratching testing machine of abrasive particle, including:
Fixing seat, including arranging up and down and with the affixed lathe bed 2 of bolt and base 1；Lathe bed 2 is cast-iron structure, it is ensured that the integral rigidity of testing machine, is provided simultaneously with certain vibration absorption ability；
Horizontally disposed workbench 5, is fixed in lathe bed 2 top；An adjusting apparatus it is provided with, for adjusting screw 4, for leveling worktable 5, and to 5 certain supporting roles of workbench, to increase the rigidity of workbench 5 between workbench 5 and lathe bed 2；It it is pore structure in the middle part of workbench 5；
Vertically arranged electro spindle 3, is fixed in lathe bed 2, and electro spindle 3 upwards passes workbench 5 from the pore structure of workbench 5；Described electro spindle 3 can be motor direct-connected main shaft or motor through intermediate transmission, speed change gear drive shaft, the end face run-out amount of its rotation and radial beat eccentricity are respectively less than 1 μm, and its maximum (top) speed is not less than 5000rpm；
Test specimen 15, for the disc-shaped structure that non-ferrous metal, ferrous metal or crisp and hard material are made, is fixed in electro spindle 3 top by piece fixture 16；Described piece fixture 16 is vacuum cup, magnetic-disc or mechanical clips；Select vacuum cup when test specimen 15 is relatively thin or test specimen 15 is hard brittle material, can be selected for magnetic-disc when test specimen 15 is ferrimagnet；Electro spindle 3, piece fixture 16 are coaxial with test specimen 15 three；Test specimen 15 is driven to carry out high speed rotating by electro spindle 3；
X, to feed arrangement, is better than the X of 0.1 μm to linear electric motors 9 for carry precision, by feed control system control；Being connected with bracing frame 7 on described workbench 5, this bracing frame 7 includes two support arms that symmetrical affixed length does not wait, and is provided with a micromatic setting 6 that can adjust shorter support arm height between shorter support arm and workbench 5；Longer support arm is directly fixed on workbench 5；Described X is horizontally fixed on this two support arm tops to linear electric motors 9；Described micromatic setting 6 is manual fine-tuning knob, and least displacement resolution is 10nm or more preferably；Shorter support arm height is adjusted, thus regulating the X direction of feed to linear electric motors 9 so that it is be perpendicular to electro spindle 3 axis of rotation, so that X can along test specimen 15 radial feed to linear electric motors 9 by micromatic setting 6；
Clamping device 12, it is fixed in X to linear electric motors 9, as shown in Figure 4, including upper clamp body 12b, lower clamp body 12d and knife bar 13 etc., wherein: upper clamp body 12b and lower clamp body 12d is connected up and down by two soket head cap screws, and is provided with up/down perforation and the circular hole being interconnected in the two, the inside reducing in this circular hole lower openings place forms ledge structure；The adaptive sliding installation of knife bar 13 and can move up and down in circular hole in circular hole, and knife bar 13 top has bulge loop structure, and the outer surface of revolution of bulge loop structure forms matched in clearance with circular hole sidewall in lower clamp body 12d；Lower clamp body 12b is stretched out in knife bar 13 bottom and lower surface is provided with screwed hole；
For making tool heads along being parallel to the differential head 10 of electro spindle axis of rotation direction feeding, minimum division value is 0.5 μm, is fixed in upper clamp body 12b by fixing screw 12a, the axle of differential head extend downwardly in circular hole and separably contact on knife bar 13；Rotated by differential head 10 and the downward contact knife bar 13 of axle is so that knife bar 13 moves down；The spring 12c for making knife bar 13 upwards reset it is additionally provided with between bulge loop structure and ledge structure；So, axle can be made to promote knife bar 13 to move down by rotating differential head 10, the bulge loop structure of knife bar 13 and the ledge structure of lower clamp body 12d are withstood in the two ends of spring 12c, and when rotating differential head 10 and can make to move in axle, knife bar 13 can move up under spring 12c restoring force effect；
Tool heads 14, top is connected with abrasive particle；Described abrasive particle can be diamond, CBN (cubic boron nitride), oxide ceramics or nitride ceramics；The shape of abrasive particle can be spherical, taper, cone, polygonal pyramid shape；This abrasive particle is fixed in tool heads 14 top by pressure head, soldering, plating；Described tool heads 14 afterbody is external thread structure, by the corresponding threaded holes of this external thread structure and knife bar 13 so that tool heads 14 is screwed onto knife bar 13 bottom dismantledly；
Dish device 17 is repaiied for what surface of test piece was repaiied dish, replace with tool heads 14 and knife bar 13 and be installed in clamping device 12, as shown in Figure 6, what this repaiied that dish device 17 includes being connected repaiies dise knife tool 17b and repaiies dise knife bar 17a, repaiies that dise knife bar 17a is adaptive to be replaced sliding installation with knife bar 13 and and can move up and down in circular hole in the circular hole of clamping device 12；Repairing dise knife bar 17a top and have another bulge loop structure, the outer surface of revolution of this another bulge loop structure forms matched in clearance with circular hole sidewall in lower clamp body 12d；Repair dise knife bar 17a bottom and stretch out lower clamp body；The axle of differential head 10 extend downwardly into circular hole and separably contact repairing on dise knife bar 17a；Rotated by differential head 10 and the downward contact of axle repaiies dise knife bar 17a so that repairing dise knife bar 17a and moving down；The described spring 12c for making knife bar 13 upwards reset can also be installed between this another bulge loop structure and ledge structure, is used for making to repair dise knife bar 17a and upwards resets；The described dise knife tool 17b that repaiies is fixed in and repaiies dise knife bar 17a lower end, for diamond bit, CBN lathe tool；CBN lathe tool is preferably used, the preferred diamond bit when test specimen 15 is non-ferrous metal when test specimen 15 is for ferrous metal；Or, repairing dish device can also be the unit head with single-point bistrique, repaiies dish for the test specimen that ferrous metal and hard brittle material are made；Also include,
For gathering the measurement system of scratching process data, for dynamometer and acoustic emission system, including dynamometer 11, acoustic emission system, data collecting card and signal amplifier that mutual signal connects；Dynamometer 11 is fixed on X on linear electric motors 9 mover；Described clamping device can be fixed on dynamometer 11；Described tool heads 14 is connected with dynamometer 11 and acoustic emission system；The natural frequency of described dynamometer 11 is higher than 4KHz, and dynamometry precision is better than 0.01N；The sample rate of described data collecting card is higher than 2M/s；
Tool setting gauge, is fixed in workbench, and this tool setting gauge is provided with the Z-axis zero setter 8 for regulating tool setting gauge, and the positioning precision of Z-axis zero setter is better than 0.1 μm.
The test method of the continuous scratching testing machine of above-mentioned single abrasive particle, including:
1) being fixed on electro spindle 3 by test specimen 15, test specimen 15 can pass through electro spindle 3 and rotate；This test specimen 15 is carried out on-line dynamic balancing；
2) electro spindle 3 drives test specimen 15 to rotate, repair dish device 17 under differential head 10 drives with certain cutting-in and under X drives to linear electric motors 9 along test specimen 15 radial feed, cut test specimen 15 from test specimen 15 radially outside and dish is repaiied on this test specimen 15 surface, to repair disk area at surface of test piece formation annular；Test specimen is repaiied the surface quality of disk area and such as can be reached axial runout amount and be better than IT1 level, and surface average roughness Ra is better than 3nm；
3) note repaiies the reading of differential head 10 during dish is z1, control X to linear electric motors 9 and differential head 10 feeding, make to repair dish device 17 and touch Z-axis zero setter 8, remember that the reading of now differential head 10 is z2, then after repairing dish, the difference in height h to cutter plane of disk area and tool setting gauge is repaiied on test specimen 15 surface0=z1-z2；Change the outfit tool heads 14, ibid touching Z-axis zero setter 8, and controls shifting h on differential head 100+ δ can ensure that tool heads 14 top abrasive particle is positioned at test specimen 15 annular and repaiies δ place in disk area plane, completes cutter；
4) to linear electric motors 9, tool heads 14 level is moved to directly over the scratching point repairing disk area by X, and move down δ+a by differential head 10pSo that the scratching degree of depth is ap；Scratching radius R according to the scratching speed v that need to test and scratching point place, passes throughThe setting speed n of calculation testing piece 15；Test specimen 15 rotates according to setting speed n, and tool heads 14 by X to linear electric motors 9 along test specimen 15 radial feed, so that abrasive particle forms spiral scratch repairing disk area scratching, by the data in the measurement system acquisition scratching process that is connected with tool heads 14 in this process.
Experimental example
The continuous scratching testing machine of single abrasive particle utilizing the embodiment of the present invention is tested:
1) being fixed on electro spindle 3 by the aluminum alloy round dish type test specimen 15 of diameter 400mm, thickness 20mm by the mode such as screw or vacuum cup, test specimen 15 can pass through electro spindle 3 and rotate；With dynamic balance instrument, this test specimen 15 is carried out on-line dynamic balancing, to reduce the test specimen 15 vibration when high speed rotating, thus ensureing that in scratching process, abrasive particle can stably contact with test specimen 15；
2) electro spindle 3 drives test specimen 15 to rotate, repairing dise knife tool 17b is diamond bit, under differential head 10 drives with certain cutting-in and under X drives to linear electric motors 9 along test specimen 15 radial feed, cut test specimen 15 from test specimen 15 radially outside and dish is repaiied on this test specimen 15 surface, specifically, first can repair dish with polycrystalline diamond single-point lathe tool, dish is repaiied again with single-crystal diamond single-point lathe tool, end face run-out amount 2.8 μm is formed on test specimen 1 surface, the annular of surface average roughness Ra 3nm repaiies disk area 3, to reduce test specimen 1 end face run-out amount, improve surface quality, being further ensured that in scratching process, abrasive particle can stably contact with test specimen 15:
2-1) dish repaiied by polycrystalline diamond single-point lathe tool: the close turning pattern of vertical superfinishing, repairing the rotating speed of test specimen 15 during dish is 3000rpm, polycrystalline diamond single-point lathe tool outside test specimen 15 with the cutting-in of 10 μm along test specimen 15 radial feed, feed speed ranges for 0.4～1.2mm/s, and feeding distance is 100mm；
2-2) dish repaiied by single-crystal diamond single-point lathe tool: the close turning pattern of vertical superfinishing, repairing the rotating speed of test specimen 15 during dish is 3000rpm, single-crystal diamond single-point lathe tool outside test specimen 15 with the cutting-in of 2 μm along test specimen 15 radial feed, feed speed ranges for 0.1～0.3mm/s, and feeding distance is 100mm；
Repair the contrast of test specimen 15 three-dimensional surface shape and end face run-out amount before and after dish and see Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 respectively；
3) note repaiies the reading of differential head 10 during dish is z1, control X to linear electric motors 9 and differential head 10 feeding, make diamond bit touching Z-axis zero setter 8, remember that the reading of now differential head 10 is z2, then after repairing dish, the difference in height h to cutter plane of disk area and tool setting gauge is repaiied on test specimen 15 surface0=z1-z2；Change the outfit tool heads 14, ibid touching Z-axis zero setter 8, and controls shifting h on differential head 100+ δ can ensure that tool heads 14 top abrasive particle is positioned at test specimen 15 annular and repaiies δ place in disk area plane, completes cutter, thus can accurately control the scratching degree of depth when ensureing follow-up test；
4) to linear electric motors 9, tool heads 14 level is moved to directly over the scratching point repairing disk area by X, and move down δ+a by differential head 10pSo that the scratching degree of depth is ap；Scratching radius R according to the scratching speed v that need to test and scratching point place, passes throughThe setting speed n of calculation testing piece 15；Among the present embodiment, n=10000rpm, scratching speed v is 157m (corresponding R=150mm position)～209m/s (corresponding R=200mm position), scratching degree of depth apIt is respectively set as 5 μm or 20 μm；Test specimen 15 rotates according to above-mentioned setting speed n, and tool heads 14 is radially with the speed feeding of 2m/s, so that abrasive particle is repairing the continuous helical shape cut that disk area scratching formation spacing is 200 μm, the cut number of turns is more than 3；The three-dimensional appearance of cut and cross sectional shape figure thereof are as shown in Figure 9, it can be seen that the depth direction error between multiple tracks cut is less than 1 μm/1mm；By the data in the measurement system acquisition scratching process that is connected with tool heads 14 in this process, and transmitted to data collecting card by signal amplifier, then transmit and be calculated to computer, the physical quantitys such as scratching power, acoustic emission signal can be obtained.
Figure 10 gives the cutting force situation of change under different scratching speed, and as can be seen from the figure the normal force in single abrasive particle high speed scratching process and tangential force reduce along with the increase of scratching speed.
The above, be only present pre-ferred embodiments, therefore can not limit scope of the invention process according to this, and the equivalence namely made according to the scope of the claims of the present invention and description changes and modifies, and all should still belong in the scope that the present invention contains.
Claims (10)
1. the continuous scratching testing machine of single abrasive particle, it is characterised in that: including:
Fixing seat；
Horizontally disposed workbench, is fixed in fixing seat top；
Vertically arranged electro spindle, is fixed in fixing seat, and electro spindle upwards passes workbench；
Test specimen, is fixed in electro spindle top and coaxial with electro spindle, drives test specimen to rotate by electro spindle；
X, to feed arrangement, is installed in workbench, and direction of feed is perpendicular to electro spindle axis of rotation and along test specimen radial feed；
Clamping device, is installed in X to feed arrangement；
Tool heads, is installed in clamping device dismantledly；Tool heads top is connected with abrasive particle；
For making tool heads along the differential head being parallel to the direction feeding of electro spindle axis of rotation, it is fixed in clamping device；
Repair dish device for what surface of test piece was repaiied dish, be installed in clamping device dismantledly；
For gathering the measurement system of scratching process data, it is connected with tool heads；
Tool setting gauge, is fixed in workbench, and this tool setting gauge is provided with the Z-axis zero setter for regulating tool setting gauge；
After repairing dish device surface of test piece repaiied dish, electro spindle drives test specimen to rotate, driving tool heads with certain cutting-in along test specimen radial feed by differential head and X to feed arrangement, abrasive particle forms spiral scratch in surface of test piece scratching, and measurement system gathers data in the process.
2. the continuous scratching testing machine of single abrasive particle of one according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described fixing seat includes lathe bed affixed up and down and base；Described workbench is fixed in lathe bed top；Described electro spindle is fixed in lathe bed；
The adjusting apparatus of an energy leveling and support works platform it is provided with between described workbench and fixing seat；
Being connected with bracing frame on described workbench, this bracing frame includes two support arms that symmetrically arranged length does not wait, and is provided with a micromatic setting that can adjust shorter support arm height between shorter support arm and workbench；Described X is fixed on this two support arm tops to feed arrangement；Shorter support arm height is adjusted to regulate X to feed arrangement direction of feed by micromatic setting；The least displacement resolution of described micromatic setting is better than 10nm.
3. the continuous scratching testing machine of single abrasive particle of one according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: end face run-out amount and radial beat eccentricity that described electro spindle rotates are respectively less than 1 μm, and its maximum (top) speed is not less than 5000rpm.
4. the continuous scratching testing machine of single abrasive particle of one according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described test specimen is the disc-shaped structure that non-ferrous metal, ferrous metal or crisp and hard material are made；Test specimen is fixed in electro spindle top by piece fixture；Described piece fixture is vacuum cup, magnetic-disc or mechanical clips；Electro spindle, piece fixture are coaxial with test specimen three；
Described abrasive particle is diamond, CBN, oxide ceramics or nitride ceramics；Being shaped as of abrasive particle is spherical, taper；This abrasive particle is fixed in tool heads top by pressure head, soldering, plating.
5. the continuous scratching testing machine of single abrasive particle of one according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: X is better than 0.1 μm to the carry precision of feed arrangement；The minimum division value of differential head is not more than 0.5 μm；The positioning precision of Z-axis zero setter is better than 0.1 μm.
6. the continuous scratching testing machine of single abrasive particle of one according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described measurement system is dynamometer and acoustic emission system, including dynamometer, acoustic emission system, data collecting card and signal amplifier that mutual signal connects；Described tool heads is connected with dynamometer and acoustic emission system；The natural frequency of described dynamometer is higher than 4KHz, and dynamometry precision is better than 0.01N；The sample rate of described data collecting card is higher than 2M/s.
7. the continuous scratching testing machine of single abrasive particle of one according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described clamping device includes clamp body, lower clamp body and knife bar；Upper clamp body and lower clamp body are connected up and down, and are provided with up/down perforation and the circular hole being interconnected in the two, and the inside reducing in this circular hole lower openings place forms ledge structure；Knife bar adaptation sliding installation is in circular hole and can move up and down in circular hole, and knife bar top has bulge loop structure, and the outer surface of revolution of bulge loop structure forms matched in clearance with circular hole sidewall in lower clamp body；Lower clamp body is stretched out in knife bar bottom；Described tool heads is screwed onto knife bar bottom dismantledly；
Described differential head is installed in clamp body, the axle of differential head extend downwardly in circular hole and separably contact on knife bar；Rotated by differential head and the downward contact knife bar of axle is so that knife bar moves down；The elastic component for making knife bar upwards reset it is additionally provided with between bulge loop structure and ledge structure.
8. the continuous scratching testing machine of single abrasive particle of one according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described in repair dish device and tool heads and knife bar is replaced and is installed in clamping device, repair dise knife tool including what be connected and repair dise knife bar, repairing dise knife bar adaptation sliding installation and and can move up and down in circular hole in the circular hole of clamping device；Repair dise knife tool to be fixed in and repair dise knife bar lower end；
Or,
Described repair unit head and the single-point bistrique that dish device includes being connected.
9. the continuous scratching testing machine of single abrasive particle of one according to claim 8, it is characterised in that: described in repair dise knife tool for diamond bit, CBN lathe tool.
10. the test method of the continuous scratching testing machine of single abrasive particle according to any one of claim 1 to 9, it is characterised in that: including:
1) being fixed on electro spindle by test specimen, test specimen can be rotated by electro spindle；This test specimen is carried out on-line dynamic balancing；
2) electro spindle drives test specimen to rotate, employing repair dish device under differential head drives with certain cutting-in and under X drives to feed arrangement along test specimen radial feed, cut test specimen from test specimen radially outside and this surface of test piece is repaiied dish, repair disk area to be formed in surface of test piece；
3) note repaiies the reading of differential head during dish is z1, control X to feed arrangement and differential head feeding, make to repair dish device touching Z-axis zero setter, remember that the reading of now differential head is z2, then after repairing dish, surface of test piece repaiies the difference in height h to cutter plane of disk area and tool setting gauge0=z1-z2；Change the outfit tool heads, ibid touches Z-axis zero setter, and controls shifting h on differential head0+ δ can ensure that tool heads top is positioned at test specimen annular and repaiies δ place in disk area plane, completes cutter；
4) to feed arrangement, tool heads level is moved to directly over the scratching point repairing disk area by X, and move down δ+a by differential headpSo that the scratching degree of depth is ap；Scratching radius R according to the scratching speed v that need to test and scratching point place, passes throughThe setting speed n of calculation testing piece；Test specimen rotates according to setting speed n, and tool heads by X to feed arrangement radially feeding so that abrasive particle forms spiral scratch repairing disk area scratching, by the data in the measurement system acquisition scratching process that is connected with tool heads in this process.
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