CN105675492B - Diamond cutter has the abrasive grain scratching interference testing method of non-ferrous metal test specimen in advance - Google Patents
Diamond cutter has the abrasive grain scratching interference testing method of non-ferrous metal test specimen in advance Download PDFInfo
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- CN105675492B CN105675492B CN201610078088.8A CN201610078088A CN105675492B CN 105675492 B CN105675492 B CN 105675492B CN 201610078088 A CN201610078088 A CN 201610078088A CN 105675492 B CN105675492 B CN 105675492B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods
- G01N19/06—Investigating by removing material, e.g. spark-testing
Abstract
The abrasive grain for having non-ferrous metal test specimen in advance the invention discloses diamond cutter scratches interference testing method; belong to the material properties test in machining and precise and ultraprecise machining field; by the way that non-ferrous metal test specimen to be fixed on electro spindle, on-line dynamic balancing is carried out to the test specimen；Then the test specimen is carried out to repair disk using diamond cutter, end face run-out and roughness requirements needed for reaching test；The subsequent top that changes the outfit is connected with the tool heads of single abrasive particle, and carries out in replacement process to knife；Scratching test is finally entered, test specimen is rotated with specified revolving speed, and tool heads form interference spiral scratch to specify cutting-in radial feed, in test specimen end face, and measuring system acquires the physical quantitys such as scratching power, acoustic emission signal in the process.The present invention can simulate the act of interference between high-speed grinding process abrasive grain.Dependence test result can be used for the further investigation of grinding principle and the optimization of grinding parameter.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs in being machined material properties test and precise and ultraprecise machining field, and in particular to Buddha's warrior attendant
Stone cutter has the abrasive grain scratching interference testing method of non-ferrous metal test specimen in advance.
Background technique
Grinding process can be regarded as abrasive surface and largely arrange irregular, the irregular different abrasive grain of distribution
The cutting process completed jointly.In scientific research, often complicated phenomenon is abstracted into a kind of mode of simplification, to inquire into some
The problem of matter.The shear action for constituting the tiny abrasive grain of grinding wheel is the basis of grinding, and single abrasive particle cutting adds as grinding
The basic model of work becomes a kind of important means for recognizing complicated ablation.In practical grinding process, on the grinding tools such as grinding wheel
Abrasive grain interferes on the same position of machined surface, complicates the form of abrasive grain removal material, therefore abrasive machining
The formation of middle machined surface is often more abrasive grain cuttings on same position, cultivated plough or scratching effect as a result, therefore studying
The interference effect of more abrasive grains on the surface adds power, temperature, the chip formation mechanism of material and the workpiece in analysis grinding process
Work surface quality has important directive significance.
Many scholars have experimentally done a large amount of work in single abrasive particle scratching, have developed relevant test method and its dress
It sets, but due to the shortcoming of research technique and experimental rig, does not all account for the influence that more abrasive grains interfere, more abrasive grains
The research interfered also rests on simulation stage mostly, is such as removed using the material of Boolean calculation emulation abrasive grain interventional procedures,
Or modeling analysis is carried out using interventional procedures of the numerical value emulation method to more abrasive grains.Also have that study more abrasive grains on a small quantity mutually dry
The device of influence is related to, such as arranges more abrasive grains with certain relative angle and radial spacing, scratching when generates interference
Effect, but arrangement error of the more abrasive grains in radial spacing is larger (10 μm of resolution ratio), therefore more abrasive grains interfere
When, the control precision of practical amount of interference is not higher than 10 μm, therefore can only carry out the interference of some large scales (being greater than 100 μm) abrasive grain
Test, while device structure is complicated, adjustment process is largely dependent upon the experience of operator, is not carried out automation adjustment
And position feedback control, thus it is difficult to realize high-precision act of interference test.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention in place of overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide diamond cutter to have non-ferrous metal examination in advance
The abrasive grain of part scratches interference testing method, repairs disk and precise motion feedback control in conjunction with Ultra-precision Turning, is using single abrasive particle
The scratching act of interference of more abrasive grains can be made, device structure is simple, and the control precision of abrasive grain amount of interference is high；Dependence test result
It can be used for the further investigation of grinding mechanism and grinding skin forming process, to optimize grinding parameter, improve and produce
Quality.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
Diamond cutter has the abrasive grain scratching interference testing method of non-ferrous metal test specimen in advance, comprising:
1) non-ferrous metal test specimen is fixed on electro spindle, test specimen can be rotated by electro spindle；The test specimen is carried out online
Dynamic balancing；
2) test specimen is carried out to repair disk using diamond single point cutter, is better than with forming end face run-out amount in surface of test piece
IT1 grades, surface average roughness Ra repairs disk area better than 5nm's, the specific steps are as follows:
2-1) polycrystalline diamond single-point lathe tool repairs disk: vertical turning mode, when repairing disk the range of speeds of test specimen be 2000~
10000rpm, polycrystalline diamond single-point lathe tool is on the outside of test specimen with 10~50 μm of cutting-in along test specimen radial feed, feed speed
Range is 0.4~1.2mm/s, and feeding distance is the 1/4~1/2 of test specimen diameter；
2-2) single-crystal diamond single-point lathe tool repairs disk: vertical turning mode, when repairing disk the range of speeds of test specimen be 2000~
10000rpm, single-crystal diamond single-point lathe tool is on the outside of test specimen with 2~10 μm of cutting-in along test specimen radial feed, feed speed model
It encloses for 0.1~0.3 mm/s, feeding distance is the 1/4~1/2 of test specimen diameter；
3) diamond single point cutter touches tool setting gauge, and determination repairs disk area and tool setting gauge to the difference in height h of knife plane0；It will
Diamond single point cutter is changed to the tool heads that top is connected with single abrasive particle, and the abrasive grain on tool heads top touches tool setting gauge, then
Tool heads are moved up into h along the axial direction that test specimen rotates0+ δ, so that the abrasive grain on tool heads top is located at test specimen and repairs above disk area
At δ, complete to knife；
4) tool heads level is moved to and is repaired right above the scratching point of disk area, and move down δ+apSo that scratching depth is ap；Root
According to the scratching radius R where scratching speed v and the scratching point that need to be tested, pass throughThe setting of calculation testing piece
Revolving speed n；According to the interference ratio ρ that need to be tested, the arc radius r of single abrasive particle, depth a is scratchedp, pass throughThe radial feed speed s of calculating instrument head；Test specimen is rotated according to setting speed n, and tool heads are pressed
According to radial feed speed s and scratching depth apAlong test specimen radial feed, so that abrasive grain scratches to form predetermined interference repairing disk area
The scratch of degree, the data during being scratched during this by the measuring system acquisition being connected with tool heads.
In one embodiment: in the step 4), tool heads are according to radial feed speed s and scratching depth apAlong test specimen radial direction
It is fed while feeding along test specimen rotation axis direction.
In one embodiment: the abrasive grain is diamond, CBN, oxide ceramics or nitride ceramics, and abrasive grain shape is ball
Shape, cone or polygonal pyramid shape；The abrasive grain is fixed in tool heads top by mechanical grip, plating or soldering；The tool heads
For pressure head.
In one embodiment: the measuring system is dynamometry and acoustic emission system, dynamometer, sound including the connection of mutual signal
Emission system, data collecting card and signal amplifier；The tool heads are connected with dynamometer and acoustic emission system.
In one embodiment: the intrinsic frequency of the dynamometer is higher than 4KHz, and dynamometry precision is better than 0.01N；The data are adopted
The sample rate of truck is higher than 2M/s.
In one embodiment: the test specimen is disc；In the step 2), when repairing disk the feeding of diamond single point cutter away from
From test specimen radius is less than, the disk area of repairing is circular ring shape.
In one embodiment: the tool heads are superior in the positioning accuracy of the axial direction and radial direction that rotate along test specimen
0.1 μm, which passes through displacement sensor and the cooperation control of corresponding position feedback system.
In one embodiment: the positioning accuracy of the tool setting gauge is better than 0.1 μm.
In one embodiment: the scratch is continuous helical shape scratch, and scratch circle number is greater than 3.
In one embodiment: the tool heads axis is parallel to test specimen rotation axis.
In addition to being described, the connection type between the single treatment process and each device of each device according to the present invention is equal
For this field routine techniques, it is not described in detail herein.
The technical program compared with the background art, it has the following advantages:
1. the high precision measurement method of single abrasive particle scratching act of interference disclosed in this invention, utilizes single abrasive particle
The scratching act of interference for making more abrasive grains can be used for studying single abrasive particle in different scratching depth, different interference degrees, difference
Act of interference under speed is scratched, due to being that continuous scratching can collect scratching force signal with accurate stable；Device structure is simple,
The control precision of abrasive grain amount of interference is high；Dependence test result can be used for the depth of grinding mechanism and grinding skin forming process
Enter research, to optimize grinding parameter, improves product quality.
2. the present invention carries out on-line dynamic balancing to main shaft-sample system, the substantially end face in high-speed rotation is avoided
Bounce or circular runout, to keep the steady contact state between abrasive grain and test specimen；Meanwhile being added using single-point diamond ultraprecise
Work technology carries out on-line machining to test specimen, while improving the form accuracy and surface smoothness of test specimen, improves test specimen revolution
Precision and grain motion precision cooperate dynamic balancing, are further ensured that ensure that the relative motion precision between abrasive grain and test specimen
It above can continually and steadily be contacted between abrasive grain and test specimen in longer scratching distance, to realize the high-speed, high precision scratching of abrasive grain
Test.
3. the machined surface quality of test specimen must be better than the surface that correlation grinding process obtain according to the common sense of this field
Quality is preferably higher by an order of magnitude, and obtained scratch test result could be used for the analysis of grinding process cutting mechanisms；Due to
The present invention greatly improves the quality of surface of test piece, therefore can satisfy wanting for the high accuracy analysis such as grinding process cutting mechanisms
It asks, can be used for the research of Material Removal Mechanism in process of friction and wear and grinding.
4. abrasive grain scratching depth is greater than 5 times or more of the surface of test piece fluctuating quantity stability that just can guarantee scratching, due to
The present invention greatly improves the quality of surface of test piece, and surface of test piece precision and finish are good, even the abrasive grain of small grain size also can
It realizes that stablizing high-precision scratches, therefore can be used for the single abrasive particle scratching test of small grain size abrasive grain, further expanded this hair
Bright application range, and industry single abrasive particle scratching experimental technique is greatly facilitated.
Detailed description of the invention
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is test method schematic illustration of the invention.
Fig. 2 repairs disk Principle of Process schematic diagram for of the invention.
Fig. 3 is act of interference schematic diagram of the invention.
Fig. 4 is the comparison of surface of test piece three-dimensional appearance before and after repairing disk in the embodiment of the present invention 1, and wherein Fig. 4 a is before repairing disk
(processing through conventional smart car technique), Fig. 4 b are after repairing disk.
Fig. 5 is the comparison of surface of test piece end face run-out amount before and after repairing disk in the embodiment of the present invention 1, and wherein Fig. 5 a is before repairing disk
(processing through conventional smart car technique), end face run-out amount maximum value is up to 17.7 μm；Fig. 5 b is after repairing disk, and end face run-out amount is most
Big value is 2.9 μm.
Fig. 6 is the influence schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention 1 at different interference ratio ρ to cutting force, v in figuresAs
Tool heads radial feed speed s, wherein Fig. 6 a be normal force with interference ratio ρ variation tendency schematic diagram, Fig. 6 b be tangential force with
Interfere ratio ρ variation tendency schematic diagram.
Fig. 7 is the three-dimensional appearance figure that abrasive grain interferes scratch in the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Fig. 8 is the two-dimensional appearance figure that abrasive grain interferes scratch in the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Fig. 9 be comparative example of the present invention in repair disk area and do not repair disk area single abrasive particle continuously scratch test result illustrate
Figure.
Appended drawing reference: test specimen 1, tool heads 2 repair disk area 3, tool setting gauge 4, diamond bit 5.
Specific embodiment
The contents of the present invention are illustrated below by embodiment:
Embodiment 1
A kind of single abrasive particle that diamond cutter has non-ferrous metal test specimen in advance continuously scratches act of interference test method, is adopted
Device includes:
Lathe, disc non-ferrous metal test specimen 1 is installed on the electro spindle of lathe, and test specimen 1 can be rotated by electro spindle；
Dynamic balance instrument, for carrying out on-line dynamic balancing to test specimen 1；
Diamond single point cutter is diamond bit 5, specifically polycrystalline diamond (PCD) single-point lathe tool and single crystal diamond
Stone (ND) single-point lathe tool, for carrying out repairing disk to 1 end face of test specimen；The diamond bit 5 is dismantledly installed in bracket, and leads to
It crosses bracket and is movably installed in lathe；
Tool heads 2, for carrying out scratching test；2 top of tool heads is connected with single abrasive grain；The tool heads 2 can be with
Diamond single point cutter is installed in bracket with mutually replacing assembly and disassembly, and is movably installed in lathe by bracket；2 axis of tool heads
It is parallel to 1 rotation axis of test specimen, the axial direction and move in the radial direction that tool heads 2 can be rotated in test specimen 1, and at two
The positioning accuracy in direction is superior to 0.1 μm, the positioning accuracy by grating scale and its corresponding position feedback system cooperation control Lai
Guarantee；
Tool setting gauge 4, for carrying out diamond single point cutter and tool heads 2 to knife, positioning accuracy is better than 0.1 μm；Attaching
In lathe, and the relative position between test specimen 1 is kept fixed；
Measuring system is dynamometry and acoustic emission system, dynamometer, acoustic emission system, data including the connection of mutual signal
Capture card and signal amplifier；The tool heads 2 are connected with dynamometer and acoustic emission system；The connection of data collecting card signal calculates
Machine；The intrinsic frequency of dynamometer is higher than 4KHz, and dynamometry precision is better than 0.01N；The sample rate of data collecting card is higher than 2M/s.
The specific test method is as follows:
1) the aluminum alloy round dish type test specimen 1 of diameter 400mm is passed through into mechanical clamp clamping on the electro spindle of lathe, test specimen
1 can be rotated by electro spindle；On-line dynamic balancing is carried out to the test specimen 1 with dynamic balance instrument, to reduce test specimen 1 when rotating at high speed
Vibration, so that abrasive grain and test specimen 1 can be contacted steadily during guaranteeing scratching；
2) test specimen 1 is carried out repairing disk using diamond bit 5, first repairs disk with polycrystalline diamond single-point lathe tool, then with singly
Diamond single-point lathe tool repairs disk, forms 3 μm of end face run-out amount on 1 surface of test specimen, the annulus of surface average roughness Ra 4nm
Shape repairs disk area 3, to reduce by 1 end face run-out amount of test specimen, improves surface quality, is further ensured that abrasive grain and test specimen during scratching
1 can steadily contact, specific steps are as follows:
2-1) polycrystalline diamond single-point lathe tool repairs disk: the close turning mode of vertical superfinishing, the revolving speed of test specimen 1 is when repairing disk
3000rpm, polycrystalline diamond single-point lathe tool is from 1 outside of test specimen with 10 μm of cutting-in along 1 radial feed of test specimen, feed speed range
For 0.4~1.2mm/s, feeding distance 160mm；
2-2) single-crystal diamond single-point lathe tool repairs disk: the close turning mode of vertical superfinishing, the revolving speed of test specimen 1 is when repairing disk
3000rpm, single-crystal diamond single-point lathe tool is from 1 outside of test specimen with 2 μm of cutting-in along 1 radial feed of test specimen, feed speed range
For 0.1~0.3 mm/s, feeding distance 160mm；
Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 are shown in the comparison for repairing disk front and back 1 three-dimensional surface shape of test specimen and end face run-out amount respectively；
3) diamond bit 5 touches tool setting gauge 4, determines and repairs disk area 3 and tool setting gauge 4 to the difference in height h of knife plane0；It will
Diamond bit 5 is removed from bracket, is changed to the tool heads that top plating is connected with the spherical wear particles that single radius is 0.1mm
2,2 top of tool heads moves closer to tool setting gauge 4, and when measuring system data generate mutation, the abrasive grain on 2 top of representational tool head is rigid
Touching tool setting gauge 4 moves up h along the axial direction that test specimen rotates to knife plane, then by tool heads 2 well0+ δ, so that 2 top of tool heads
Abrasive grain be located at test specimen 1 and repair at 3 top δ of disk area, complete to knife, so that it is deep to accurately control scratching when guaranteeing follow-up test
Degree；
4) every test parameter is calculated:
According to the scratching radius R (mm) where scratching speed v (m/s) and the scratching point that need to be tested, pass throughThe setting speed n of calculation testing piece 1；
Among the present embodiment, the scratching speed v of required test takes 20~60m/s, and circular ring shape repairs the radius of disk area
For 40~200mm, repairs at this and carry out the radius of scratching test in disk area and be also set as 40~200mm, speed is scratched with this
With the range of speeds of radius calculation testing piece and take a median 4000rpm appropriate as revolving speed n；With this condition,
The corresponding scratching radius R of the scratching speed of 20m/s is 47.7mm, and the corresponding scratching radius R of the scratching speed of 60m/s is
143.2mm；
Interference degrees are generally with interference ratio ρ (mm/r2) characterization, interfere ratio is defined as:
Wherein, s (mm/r) is every turn of the tool heads amount of feeding along test specimen radial direction, the radial feed speed for characterization tool head
Degree；L (mm) is scratching width；R (mm) is the arc radius of single abrasive particle, and arc radius is the circular arc of the two-dimensional section of abrasive grain
Radius, when abrasive grain is spherical, arc radius is equal with abrasive grain radius；apIt (mm) is scratching depth；
According to the interference ratio ρ that need to be tested, the arc radius r and scratching depth a of single abrasive particlep, utilize above-mentioned interference ratio
The defined formula of rate, passes throughThe radial feed speed s of tool heads is calculated；
Among the present embodiment, the interference ratio ρ of required test is set to 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%,
70%, 80%；The arc radius r of single spherical wear particles is 0.1mm；Scratch depth ap20 μm, 50 μm are set to, are calculated separately
Corresponding s value.
As needed, during scratching, the axis direction upper feeding that adjustable tool heads rotate it in test specimen 1,
Make to scratch depth apIt changes, the scratching depth a of two adjacent rings scratchpDifference be calculated as h, exist so as to study single abrasive particle
Act of interference under difference scratching depth；In the present embodiment, h=0.
2 level of tool heads is moved to and is repaired right above the setting scratching point of disk area 3, and moves down δ+apTo reach setting scratching
Depth ap；Test specimen 1 is rotated according to above-mentioned setting speed n=4000rpm, and tool heads 2 according to setting radial feed speed s and
Scratch depth apAlong 1 radial feed of test specimen, in conjunction with the rotation of test specimen 1, so that abrasive grain is repairing the scratching formation interference ratio of disk area 3
For the continuous helical shape scratch of ρ, scratch circle number is greater than 3；
Data during being scratched during scratching by dynamometer and the acoustic emission system acquisition being connected with tool heads 2,
And data collecting card is transmitted to by signal amplifier, then be transmitted to computer and calculated, scratching power, sound emission letter can be obtained
Number etc. physical quantitys, for study it is above-mentioned it is various under the conditions of act of interference.
It is as shown in Figure 6 using the influence under different interference ratio ρ obtained by the above method to cutting force.
Embodiment 2
1) the aluminum alloy round dish type test specimen 1 of diameter 140mm is passed through into mechanical clamp clamping on the electro spindle of lathe, test specimen
1 can be rotated by electro spindle；On-line dynamic balancing is carried out to the test specimen 1 with dynamic balance instrument, to reduce test specimen 1 when rotating at high speed
Vibration, so that abrasive grain and test specimen 1 can be contacted steadily during guaranteeing scratching；
2) test specimen 1 is carried out repairing disk using diamond bit 5, first repairs disk with polycrystalline diamond single-point lathe tool, then with singly
Diamond single-point lathe tool repairs disk, forms 3 μm of end face run-out amount on 1 surface of test specimen, the annulus of surface average roughness Ra 4nm
Shape repairs disk area 3, to reduce by 1 end face run-out amount of test specimen, improves surface quality, is further ensured that abrasive grain and test specimen during scratching
1 can steadily contact, specific steps are as follows:
2-1) polycrystalline diamond single-point lathe tool repairs disk: the close turning mode of vertical superfinishing, the revolving speed of test specimen 1 is when repairing disk
3000rpm, polycrystalline diamond single-point lathe tool is from 1 outside of test specimen with 10 μm of cutting-in along 1 radial feed of test specimen, feed speed range
For 0.4~1.2mm/s, feeding distance 40mm；
2-2) single-crystal diamond single-point lathe tool repairs disk: the close turning mode of vertical superfinishing, the revolving speed of test specimen 1 is when repairing disk
3000rpm, single-crystal diamond single-point lathe tool is from 1 outside of test specimen with 2 μm of cutting-in along 1 radial feed of test specimen, feed speed range
For 0.1~0.3 mm/s, feeding distance 40mm；
3) diamond bit 5 touches tool setting gauge 4, determines and repairs disk area 3 and tool setting gauge 4 to the difference in height h of knife plane0；It will
Diamond bit 5 is removed from bracket, is changed to the tool heads that top plating is connected with the spherical wear particles that single radius is 0.2mm
2,2 top of tool heads moves closer to tool setting gauge 4, and when measuring system data generate mutation, the abrasive grain on 2 top of representational tool head is rigid
Touching tool setting gauge 4 moves up h along the axial direction that test specimen rotates to knife plane, then by tool heads 2 well0+ δ, so that 2 top of tool heads
Abrasive grain be located at test specimen 1 and repair at 3 top δ of disk area, complete to knife, so that it is deep to accurately control scratching when guaranteeing follow-up test
Degree；
4) every test parameter is calculated:
According to the scratching radius R (mm) where scratching speed v (m/s) and the scratching point that need to be tested, pass throughThe setting speed n of calculation testing piece 1；
Among the present embodiment, the scratching speed v of required test takes 10~20m/s, and circular ring shape repairs the radius of disk area
For 30~70mm, repair and carry out the radius of scratching test in disk area and be also set as 30~70mm at this, with this scratch speed and
The range of speeds of radius calculation testing piece simultaneously takes a median 3000rpm appropriate as revolving speed n；With this condition,
The corresponding scratching radius R of the scratching speed of 10m/s is 31.8mm, and the corresponding scratching radius R of the scratching speed of 20m/s is
63.6mm；
According to the interference ratio ρ that need to be tested, the arc radius r and scratching depth a of single abrasive particlep, pass throughThe radial feed speed s of tool heads is calculated；
Among the present embodiment, the interference ratio ρ of required test is set to 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%,
70%, 80%；The arc radius r of single spherical wear particles is 0.2mm；Scratch depth ap20 μm, 50 μm are set to, are calculated separately
Corresponding s value.The axis direction that tool heads are rotated with the speed of 5 μm/s along test specimen while with s radial feed downwards into
It gives, so that the scratching depth a of two adjacent rings scratchpH=0.1 μm of difference.
2 level of tool heads is moved to and is repaired right above the setting scratching point of disk area 3, and moves down δ+apTo reach setting scratching
Depth ap；Test specimen 1 is rotated according to above-mentioned setting speed n=3000rpm, and tool heads 2 are according to the radial feed speed s of setting
With scratching depth apAlong 1 radial feed of test specimen, while with the speed axial feed of 5 μm/s, in conjunction with the rotation of test specimen 1, so that mill
Grain is repairing the scratching formation interference ratio of disk area 3 as the continuous helical shape scratch of ρ, and scratch circle number is greater than 3；
Data during being scratched during scratching by dynamometer and the acoustic emission system acquisition being connected with tool heads 2,
And data collecting card is transmitted to by signal amplifier, then be transmitted to computer and calculated, scratching power, sound emission letter can be obtained
Number etc. physical quantitys, for study it is above-mentioned it is various under the conditions of act of interference.
It is as shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8 using the three-dimensional appearance and two-dimensional appearance difference of abrasive grain obtained by the above method interference scratch.
It in the embodiment of the present invention, for ease of description, single abrasive particle is spherical shape, but is not limited thereto, abrasive grain shape is also
It can be cone or polygonal pyramid shape etc., the arc radius r of taper abrasive grain is the round end radius of taper abrasive grain, commercially available on the market
Buy the taper abrasive grain that round end radius is not waited in 50 μm~1mm；Abrasive grain can be diamond, CBN (cubic boron nitride), oxide
Ceramics or nitride ceramics；Abrasive grain shape can also be cone or polygonal pyramid shape；The abrasive grain passes through mechanical grip, plating or pricker
Weldering is fixed in tool heads top；The tool heads can be pressure head or other fixed grain forms.
As needed, the parameter for repairing disk adjust in the following range and carry out it is one or many repair disk, can be in surface of test piece
It forms end face run-out amount and is better than IT1 grades, surface average roughness Ra repairs disk area better than 5nm's:
2-1) polycrystalline diamond single-point lathe tool repairs disk: vertical turning mode, when repairing disk the range of speeds of test specimen be 2000~
10000rpm, polycrystalline diamond single-point lathe tool is on the outside of test specimen with 10~50 μm of cutting-in along test specimen radial feed, feed speed
Range is 0.4~1.2mm/s, and feeding distance is the 1/4~1/2 of test specimen diameter；Or:
2-2) single-crystal diamond single-point lathe tool repairs disk: vertical turning mode, when repairing disk the range of speeds of test specimen be 2000~
10000rpm, single-crystal diamond single-point lathe tool is on the outside of test specimen with 2~10 μm of cutting-in along test specimen radial feed, feed speed model
It encloses for 0.1~0.3 mm/s, feeding distance is the 1/4~1/2 of test specimen diameter.
Comparative example
It should be noted that the test condition in this comparative example is set as not interfering between adjacent scratch, in order to right
Than the difference observed scratch form, scratch effect, but this comparative example still can reflect and use test method of the invention can be with
Realize the act of interference test of high-speed, high precision.
Non-ferrous metal test specimen is taken, after the processing of conventional smart car technique, surface of test piece is divided into two regions, one of area
Domain disk step according to the invention of repairing carries out repairing disk, so that its surface quality is reached end face run-out amount better than IT1 grades, surface is average thick
Rugosity Ra is better than 5nm, is denoted as and repairs disk area；Another region is denoted as without repairing disk and does not repair disk area.
Above-mentioned test specimen is carried out single abrasive particle using test method of the invention continuously to scratch, under same test parameter
Repair disk area and do not repair and form scratch in disk area, scratch depth very little can reach micron order, comparing result as shown in figure 9,
As can be seen that the scratch for repairing disk area forms coherent spiral shape in the case where scratch depth very little, in uniform intervals point
Cloth detects its depth direction error less than 1 μm/1mm, shows that abrasive grain and test specimen are repairing the longer scratching in disk area apart from upper equal
It can continually and steadily contact, so as to for the scratching act of interference test of the high-speed, high precision of abrasive grain；And drawing for disk area is not repaired
Trace cannot form coherent spiral shape, and scratch interval is different, and the scratch depth, scratch width all have macroscopic otherness, table
It can not continually and steadily be contacted between bright abrasive grain and test specimen, it is even more impossible to the high-speed, high precision scratching act of interference tests for abrasive grain.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the range implemented of the present invention that therefore, it cannot be limited according to, i.e., according to
Equivalent changes and modifications made by the invention patent range and description, should still be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. the abrasive grain scratching interference testing method that diamond cutter has non-ferrous metal test specimen in advance, it is characterised in that: include:
1) non-ferrous metal test specimen is fixed on electro spindle, test specimen can be rotated by electro spindle；The test specimen is carried out online dynamic flat
Weighing apparatus；
2) test specimen is carried out to repair disk using diamond single point cutter, is better than IT1 grades to form end face run-out amount in surface of test piece,
Surface average roughness Ra repairs disk area better than 5nm's, the specific steps are as follows:
2-1) polycrystalline diamond single-point lathe tool repairs disk: vertical turning mode, when repairing disk the range of speeds of test specimen be 2000~
10000rpm, polycrystalline diamond single-point lathe tool is on the outside of test specimen with 10~50 μm of cutting-in along test specimen radial feed, feed speed
Range is 0.4~1.2mm/s, and feeding distance is the 1/4~1/2 of test specimen diameter；
2-2) single-crystal diamond single-point lathe tool repairs disk: vertical turning mode, when repairing disk the range of speeds of test specimen be 2000~
10000rpm, single-crystal diamond single-point lathe tool is on the outside of test specimen with 2~10 μm of cutting-in along test specimen radial feed, feed speed model
It encloses for 0.1~0.3mm/s, feeding distance is the 1/4~1/2 of test specimen diameter；
3) diamond single point cutter touches tool setting gauge, and the positioning accuracy of the tool setting gauge is better than 0.1 μm；Determine repair disk area with it is right
Difference in height h of the knife instrument to knife plane0；Diamond single point cutter is changed to the tool heads that top is connected with single abrasive particle, tool
The abrasive grain at crown end touches tool setting gauge, then tool heads are moved up h along the axial direction that test specimen rotates0+ δ, so that tool heads top
Abrasive grain be located at test specimen and repair the place δ above disk area, completion is to knife；
4) tool heads level is moved to and is repaired right above the scratching point of disk area, and move down δ+apSo that scratching depth is ap；According to need
Scratching radius R where scratching speed v and the scratching point of test, passes throughThe setting speed of calculation testing piece
n；According to the interference ratio ρ that need to be tested, the arc radius r of single abrasive particle, depth a is scratchedp, pass throughThe radial feed speed s of calculating instrument head；Test specimen is rotated according to setting speed n, and tool heads are pressed
According to radial feed speed s and scratching depth apAlong test specimen radial feed, so that abrasive grain scratches to form predetermined interference repairing disk area
The scratch of degree, the data during being scratched during this by the measuring system acquisition being connected with tool heads.
2. diamond cutter according to claim 1 has the abrasive grain scratching interference testing method of non-ferrous metal test specimen in advance,
Be characterized in that: in the step 4), tool heads are according to radial feed speed s and scratching depth apWhile along test specimen radial feed
It is fed along test specimen rotation axis direction.
3. diamond cutter according to claim 1 has the abrasive grain scratching interference testing method of non-ferrous metal test specimen in advance,
Be characterized in that: the abrasive grain is diamond, CBN, oxide ceramics or nitride ceramics, abrasive grain shape be spherical, cone or
Polygonal pyramid shape；The abrasive grain is fixed in tool heads top by mechanical grip, plating or soldering；The tool heads are pressure head.
4. diamond cutter according to claim 1 has the abrasive grain scratching interference testing method of non-ferrous metal test specimen in advance,
Be characterized in that: the measuring system be dynamometry and acoustic emission system, including mutual signal connection dynamometer, acoustic emission system,
Data collecting card and signal amplifier；The tool heads are connected with dynamometer and acoustic emission system.
5. diamond cutter according to claim 4 has the abrasive grain scratching interference testing method of non-ferrous metal test specimen in advance,
Be characterized in that: the intrinsic frequency of the dynamometer is higher than 4KHz, and dynamometry precision is better than 0.01N；The sampling of the data collecting card
Speed is higher than 2M/s.
6. diamond cutter according to claim 3 has the abrasive grain scratching interference testing method of non-ferrous metal test specimen in advance,
Be characterized in that: the test specimen is disc；In the step 2), the feeding distance of diamond single point cutter is less than test specimen when repairing disk
Radius, the disk area of repairing is circular ring shape.
7. diamond cutter according to claim 1 has the abrasive grain scratching interference testing method of non-ferrous metal test specimen in advance,
Be characterized in that: the tool heads are superior to 0.1 μm in the positioning accuracy of the axial direction and radial direction that rotate along test specimen, this is fixed
Position precision passes through displacement sensor and the cooperation control of corresponding position feedback system.
8. diamond cutter according to claim 1 has the abrasive grain scratching interference testing method of non-ferrous metal test specimen in advance,
Be characterized in that: the scratch is continuous helical shape scratch, and scratch circle number is greater than 3.
9. diamond cutter according to claim 1 has the abrasive grain scratching interference testing method of non-ferrous metal test specimen in advance,
Be characterized in that: the tool heads axis is parallel to test specimen rotation axis.
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| CN201610078088.8A CN105675492B (en) | 2016-02-04 | 2016-02-04 | Diamond cutter has the abrasive grain scratching interference testing method of non-ferrous metal test specimen in advance |
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| JP5706233B2 (en) * | 2011-05-25 | 2015-04-22 | 学校法人東京理科大学 | Steel component identification device and program thereof |
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