CN105738233B - A kind of high-speed friction test method of microthin coating - Google Patents
A kind of high-speed friction test method of microthin coating Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of high-speed friction test methods of microthin coating, belong to tribology tester and precise and ultraprecise machining field, and by the way that frictional disk is fixed on electro spindle, on-line dynamic balancing is carried out to it；Then the frictional disk carries out repairing disk, reaches end face run-out and roughness requirements needed for test；Then by scribble microthin coating to grinder have clamping on the fixture of device for force feedback is connected with, carry out the friction testings such as ball looping test, pin looping test, frictional disk is rotated with specified rotating speed, grinder tool with frictional disk is contacted and pressure is constant in testing setup value between the two, test terminates to setting time, and measuring system gathers the physical quantitys such as frictional force, acoustic emission signal in the process.The present invention can realize that high-speed friction is tested.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to tribology tester and precise and ultraprecise machining fields, and in particular to a kind of high speed of microthin coating
Friction testing method.
Background technology
Fretting wear be happened at high-speed rotating machine, material machining, mechanism move back and forth etc. occasions, coefficient of friction and
Wear course is of great significance for the selection etc. of the selection of part material, structure design, cooling and lubricating mode.Wherein
High-speed friction abrasion has the feature different with general fretting wear again：1. the inertia that (linear velocity is more than 15m/s) generates at a high speed
Power can influence the adhesive ability of lubricating oil, and lubricating oil is squeezed out or thrown away from friction area, causes the increase of coefficient of friction；It is 2. high
Speed friction, so as to add the material flowing at contact point, reduces shearing with the severe plastic deformation of actual contact point
Resistance, and then reduce coefficient of friction；3. the plastic deformation in high-speed friction at actual contact point result in heat generation and
The rising of temperature adds the chemical affinity interaction between friction pair, so as to add coefficient of friction.In view of high-speed friction physics
The complexity of process, high-speed friction abrasion have become the hot issue of current academia's research.
The test of general fretting wear includes the various rubbing methods such as ball disk, pin disk, disk disk, four balls and its associated friction mill
It damages in testing machine, friction is secondary to generate break-in effect at friction initial stage, and Frotteurism reaches stable after a period of time, into steady
Determine wear stage, the physical quantitys such as apparatus measures friction at this time secondary relative displacement, frictional force calculate coefficient of friction and abrasion
Rate.It is had the following problems for the existing test method of high-speed friction：1. rub the secondary item for realizing the period of adjustment in high speed processes
Part is more harsh, stable wear stage will not even occurs and directly reach the stage of being seriously worn；2. pair of high-speed friction process
Grinder has serious wear, even if having reached stable wear stage, the geometry of grinder tool is also had occurred that and is significantly changed
Become, affect the precision and accuracy of test；3. huge inertia force caused by the rotation of high-speed friction high speed seriously affects
The precision of friction testing.Because the limitation of the above problem, the maximum speed of existing business friction wear testing machine is horizontal probably
At 5000rpm (frictional disk of diameter 50mm), linear velocity is roughly equal to 7.87m/s, it is difficult to reach the test request of high-speed friction.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention in place of overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of high-speed friction of microthin coating to survey
Method for testing, it is intended to reduce the period of adjustment, carry out repairing disk online to frictional disk using single point cutter, ensure the secondary form accuracy of friction
And relative positional accuracy, while by the stability of dynamic balancing increase friction process, device for force feedback can ensure friction testing mistake
Constant to the pressure between grinder tool and frictional disk in journey, the high-speed friction so as to fulfill microthin coating is tested.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is：
A kind of friction testing method of microthin coating, including：
1) frictional disk is fixed on electro spindle, frictional disk can be rotated by electro spindle；The frictional disk is moved online
Balance；
2) frictional disk is carried out to repair disk using single point cutter, is better than IT1 to form end face run-out amount in friction panel surface
Grade, surface average roughness Ra are repaiied disk area better than 10nm's, are as follows：
2-1) single-point lathe tool slightly repaiies disk：Vertical turning pattern, the range of speeds of frictional disk are 2000~10000rpm, single-point
Lathe tool on the outside of the frictional disk with 10~50 μm of cutting-in along frictional disk radial feed, feed speed scope is 0.4~1.2mm/s,
Feeding distance is the 1/4~1/2 of frictional disk diameter；
2-2) single-point lathe tool refine disk：Vertical turning pattern, the range of speeds of frictional disk are 2000~10000rpm, single-point
Lathe tool on the outside of the frictional disk with 2~10 μm of cutting-in along frictional disk radial feed, feed speed scope is 0.1~0.3mm/s, into
To 1/4~1/2 that distance is frictional disk diameter；
3) by scribble microthin coating to grinder have clamping on the fixture of device for force feedback is connected with；
4) friction testing is carried out：Test point half where according to the scratching speed v that need to be tested and repairing test point in disk area
Footpath R, passes throughCalculate the setting speed n of frictional disk；Frictional disk is rotated according to setting speed n, will be had to grinder and be moved to
It directly over test point, and moves down and is contacted with frictional disk, until frictional disk is carried out with reaching testing setup value to mill Tool Room pressure
Friction testing；Ensure that having the pressure between frictional disk to grinder is held constant at testing setup by device for force feedback in test process
Value, while pass through the data during measuring system acquisition scratching.
In one embodiment：Described is friction ball or friction pin to grinder tool.
In one embodiment：The thickness of the microthin coating is not more than 10 μm.
In one embodiment：The frictional disk is disc.
In one embodiment：The frictional disk is made of non-ferrous metal, ferrous metal or nonmetallic materials.
In one embodiment：The measuring system be dynamometry and acoustic emission system, including mutual signal connection dynamometer, sound
Emission system, data collecting card and signal amplifier；It is described to be connected to grinder tool with dynamometer and acoustic emission system.
In one embodiment：The intrinsic frequency of the dynamometer is higher than 4KHz, and dynamometry precision is better than 0.01N.
In one embodiment：The sample rate of the data collecting card is higher than 2M/s.
In one embodiment：In the step 2), the feeding distance of diamond single point cutter is less than frictional disk radius when repairing disk,
The disk area of repairing is circular ring shape.
In one embodiment：The single point cutter is diamond single-point lathe tool or CBN single-point lathe tools.
In addition to being described, the connection mode between the single treatment process of each device according to the present invention and each device is equal
For this field routine techniques, it is not described in detail in herein.
Compared with background technology, it has the following advantages that the technical program：
The test method of the present invention by dynamic balancing avoid significantly end face run-out in frictional disk high-speed rotation or
Circular runout, so as to increase the stability of friction process；Meanwhile frictional disk is carried out using single point cutter Ultraprecision Machining
On-line machining ensures friction secondary form accuracy and relative positional accuracy, so as to ensure that the secondary relative motion precision of friction, subtracts
Few friction secondary period of adjustment, reduce abrasion；Device for force feedback is coordinated to ensure have and rub to grinder during friction testing again
Pressure between disk is constant, further ensures the precision and accuracy of test, can realize that high-speed friction is tested.
Description of the drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is the test method principle schematic of the present invention.
Fig. 2 repaiies disk Principle of Process schematic diagram for the present invention's.
Fig. 3 is the comparison that frictional disk three-dimensional surface shape before and after disk is repaiied in the embodiment of the present invention 1, before wherein Fig. 3 a is repair disk
(being processed through conventional smart car technique), after Fig. 3 b is repair disk.
Fig. 4 is the comparison that frictional disk surface end face jerk value before and after disk is repaiied in the embodiment of the present invention 1, and wherein Fig. 4 a is repair disk
Before (through conventional smart car technique process), end face run-out amount maximum is up to 17.7 μm；After Fig. 4 b is repair disk, end face run-out amount
Maximum is 2.9 μm.
Fig. 5 is the Cross Section Morphology figure of the microthin coating to grinder tool in the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Fig. 6 is the friction coefficient curve of the embodiment of the present invention 2 and comparative example.
Fig. 7 is the friction ball surface state schematic diagram after the abrasion of comparative example.
Reference numeral：Frictional disk 1, friction ball 2 repair disk area 3, fixture 4, device for force feedback 5, single point cutter 6.
Specific embodiment
Present disclosure is illustrated below by embodiment：
Embodiment 1
A kind of high-speed friction test method of microthin coating, used device include：
Lathe rubs made of disc non-ferrous metal, ferrous metal or the nonmetallic materials hard brittle material such as sapphire
It wipes disk 1 to be installed on the electro spindle of lathe, and frictional disk 1 can be rotated by electro spindle；
Dynamic balance instrument, for carrying out on-line dynamic balancing to frictional disk 1；
Single point cutter 6 is diamond bit or CBN (cubic boron nitride) lathe tool, and diamond bit can be specifically glomerocryst
Diamond (PCD) single-point lathe tool and single-crystal diamond (ND) single-point lathe tool, for carrying out repairing disk to 1 end face of frictional disk；The single-point
Cutter 6 is dismantledly installed in stent, and passes through stent and be movably installed in lathe；
Have to grinder, clamping is on the fixture 4 of device for force feedback 5 is connected with；The fixture 4 is dismantledly installed in stent, and
Lathe is movably installed in by stent；The axial direction that can be rotated to grinder tool by fixture 4 and stent in frictional disk 1
It moves in the radial direction, and it is the higher the better in the positioning accuracy of both direction, preferable over 0.1 μm；The device for force feedback 5 is
Pressure-Displacement Feedback regulating device can pass through fixture 4 feedback by detection to pressure change between grinder tool and frictional disk 1
To being finely adjusted to the height of grinder tool in the axial direction, so as to ensure that pressure between grinder tool and frictional disk 1 can be kept
It is constant；
Measuring system, for dynamometry and acoustic emission system, dynamometer, acoustic emission system including the connection of mutual signal, data
Capture card and signal amplifier；This has grinder is connected with dynamometer and acoustic emission system；Data acquisition card signal connection meter
Calculation machine；The intrinsic frequency of dynamometer is higher than 4KHz, and dynamometry precision is better than 0.01N；The sample rate of the data collecting card is higher than
2M/s。
Specific test method is as follows：
1) the aluminum alloy round dish type frictional disk 1 of diameter 400mm is fixed on lathe with modes such as the mechanical clamps such as screw
On electro spindle, frictional disk 1 can be rotated by electro spindle；On-line dynamic balancing is carried out to the frictional disk 1 with dynamic balance instrument, is rubbed with reducing
Vibration of the disk 1 when high speed rotates is wiped, so as to ensure that grinder tool and frictional disk 1 can be contacted steadily during scratching；
2) frictional disk 1 is carried out repairing disk using diamond bit, first slightly repaiies disk with polycrystalline diamond single-point lathe tool, then use
Single-crystal diamond single-point lathe tool refine disk forms 3 μm of end face run-out amount, surface average roughness Ra 4nm on 1 surface of frictional disk
Circular ring shape repair disk area 3, to reduce by 1 end face run-out amount of frictional disk, improve surface quality, it is right during scratching to be further ensured that
Grinder has and frictional disk 1 can be contacted steadily, concretely comprises the following steps：
2-1) polycrystalline diamond single-point lathe tool slightly repaiies disk：The close turning pattern of vertical superfinishing, the rotating speed of frictional disk 1 are
3000rpm, polycrystalline diamond single-point lathe tool is from the outside of frictional disk 1 with 10 μm of cutting-in along 1 radial feed of frictional disk, feed speed
Scope is 0.4~1.2mm/s, feeding distance 160mm；
2-2) single-crystal diamond single-point lathe tool refine disk：The close turning pattern of vertical superfinishing, the rotating speed of frictional disk 1 are
3000rpm, single-crystal diamond single-point lathe tool is from the outside of frictional disk 1 with 2 μm of cutting-in along 1 radial feed of frictional disk, feed speed
Scope is 0.1~0.3mm/s, feeding distance 160mm；
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are shown in the comparison for repairing 1 three-dimensional surface shape of frictional disk and end face run-out amount before and after disk respectively；
3) by scribble microthin coating to grinder have clamping on the fixture 4 of device for force feedback 5 is connected with；The present embodiment it
In, the aluminium oxide ceramics friction ball 2 for being the diameter 4mm for scribbling TiAlN microthin coatings to grinder tool；
4) ball-disk friction testing is carried out：Test where according to the scratching speed v that need to be tested and repairing test point in disk area
Point radius R, passes throughCalculate the setting speed n of frictional disk 1；Among the present embodiment, R=50mm, scratching speed v=
15.7m/s n=3000rpm；Frictional disk 1 is rotated according to above-mentioned setting speed n, will be had to grinder and be moved to directly over test point, and
It moves down and is contacted with frictional disk 1, until frictional disk 1 carries out friction testing with reaching testing setup value 1N to mill Tool Room pressure；It surveys
The position on axial direction rotated during examination by device for force feedback 5 to fixture 4 in frictional disk 1 is finely adjusted, to ensure
Pressure remains constant and is gathered in 1N, test by the measuring system being connected with friction ball 2 between friction ball 2 and frictional disk 1
Data during scratching, and pass through signal amplifier and be transmitted to data collecting card, then be transmitted to computer and calculated, it can obtain
To physical quantitys such as frictional force, acoustic emission signals；Frictional force and the ratio of constant contact pressure 1N are coefficient of friction, can pass through friction
Power numerical computations obtain.
Embodiment 2
1) by pinion steel 42CrMoV (hardness HRC50) disc frictional disk 1 magnetic suction disc or the machinery of diameter 400mm
The modes such as fixture are fixed on the electro spindle of lathe, and frictional disk 1 can be rotated by electro spindle；With dynamic balance instrument to the frictional disk 1
On-line dynamic balancing is carried out, to reduce vibration of the frictional disk 1 when high speed rotates, so as to ensure have and rub to grinder during scratching
Wiping disk 1 can steadily contact；
2) frictional disk 1 is carried out repairing disk using CBN single-points lathe tool, first carries out slightly repairing disk, then carry out refine disk, rubbed
1 surface of disk forms 5.1 μm of end face run-out amount, and the circular ring shape of surface average roughness Ra 4.57nm repaiies disk area 3, is rubbed with reducing
1 end face run-out amount of disk is wiped, improves surface quality, is further ensured that during scratching and grinder tool and frictional disk 1 can steadily be connect
It touches, concretely comprises the following steps：
2-1) CBN single-points lathe tool slightly repaiies disk：Vertical turning pattern using air-cooler while repairing disk, makes cold wind be directed at CBN
Single-point lathe tool 6 and frictional disk 1 are cooled down, and the rotating speed of frictional disk 1 is 3000rpm, CBN single-points lathe tool from 1 outside of frictional disk with
For 15 μm of cutting-in along 1 radial feed of frictional disk, feed speed scope is 0.4~1.2mm/s, feeding distance 160mm；
2-2) CBN single-points lathe tool refine disk：Vertical turning pattern using air-cooler while repairing disk, makes cold wind be directed at CBN
Single-point lathe tool 6 and frictional disk 1 are cooled down, and the rotating speed of frictional disk 1 is 3000rpm, and CBN single-points lathe tool is from 1 outside of frictional disk with 2
μm cutting-in along 1 radial feed of frictional disk, feed speed scope is 0.1~0.3mm/s, feeding distance 160mm；
3) by scribble microthin coating to grinder have clamping on the fixture 4 of device for force feedback 5 is connected with；The present embodiment it
In, the P30 hard alloy friction ball 2 for being the diameter 4mm for scribbling TiAlN microthin coatings to grinder tool；The Cross Section Morphology figure of coating
As shown in Figure 5, it can be seen that coating is divided into two layers, above one layer of main component for TiAlN, thickness is about 2.45 μm, this layer
Coating primarily serves the left and right for reducing fretting wear；One layer of main component is TiN below, and thickness is about 75nm, this layer of coating
Primarily serve the effect of adhesive layer；
4) ball-disk friction testing is carried out：Test where according to the scratching speed v that need to be tested and repairing test point in disk area
Point radius R, passes throughCalculate the setting speed n of frictional disk 1；Among the present embodiment, R=47.7mm, scratching speed v
=10m/s, n=2000rpm；Frictional disk 1 is rotated according to above-mentioned setting speed n, will be had to grinder and be moved to directly over test point, and
It moves down and is contacted with frictional disk 1, until frictional disk 1 carries out dry friction test with reaching testing setup value 1N to mill Tool Room pressure；
The position on axial direction rotated in test process by device for force feedback 5 to fixture 4 in frictional disk 1 is finely adjusted, to protect
Pressure remains constant and is adopted in 1N, test by the measuring system being connected with friction ball 2 between card friction ball 2 and frictional disk 1
Data during collection scratching, and pass through signal amplifier and be transmitted to data collecting card, then be transmitted to computer and calculated, it can
Obtain the physical quantitys such as frictional force, acoustic emission signal；The ratio of frictional force and constant contact pressure 1N are coefficient of friction, can be by rubbing
Power numerical computations are wiped to obtain.
Comparative example
2 institute of this comparative example and embodiment the difference is that, frictional disk is not carried out to repair disk before carrying out friction testing.Remaining
Equipment, parameter, method equivalent integers 2.
The results are shown in Figure 6, and disk, friction ball and the friction to mill are not repaiied in advance in this comparative example (curve 2 in figure)
Quickly abrasion occurs under percussion for the contact stabilization deficiency of disk, coating, and the time of about 80s, coating is with regard to mill completely
Damage, friction ball surface state as shown in Figure 7, it can be seen that the coating of frictional contact area is completely worn out；Friction ball
Basis material and to mill disk of material rub, coefficient of friction significantly raises；And it is carried out in embodiment 2 (curve 1 in figure) pre-
After repairing disk, friction ball and to the frictional disk of mill quickly into steady contact state, coating abrasion speed is slower, and 300s is ground completely
Damage, is more in line with the true wear course of coating, and test result is more accurate；Moreover, power during friction testing is repaiied after disk in advance
The feedback response speed requirement of the instruments such as sensor significantly reduces, and is easily reduced instrument cost and reaches higher sliding friction system
Number.
As needed, to grinder tool can be friction ball or friction pin, correspondingly carry out be ball-disk friction testing or
Pin-disk friction testing.
As needed, to grinder tool can be friction ball or friction pin, correspondingly carry out be ball-disk friction testing or
Pin-disk friction testing；Microthin coating can be scribbled to mill tool surfaces, correspondingly carry out being the test of coating greasy property, apply
Layer is, for example, TiAlN coatings etc..Since coating layer thickness is more thin more easy to wear, the corresponding period of adjustment must be shorter, to instrument
It is it is required that also higher.The generally most thin coating test that can only accomplish 20 μm of thickness of existing testing machine, and the present invention can shorten mill
Conjunction process quickly reaches stable friction, is therefore particularly suitable for relatively thin coating test, also can be real for 1 μm even if coating layer thickness
Existing high precision measurement.
As needed, repair disk parameter adjusted in following scope and carry out it is one or many repair disk, can friction dish cart
Face forms end face run-out amount better than IT1 grades, and surface average roughness Ra repaiies disk area better than 10nm's, is as follows：
2-1) single-point lathe tool slightly repaiies disk：Vertical turning pattern, the range of speeds of frictional disk are 2000~10000rpm, single-point
Lathe tool on the outside of the frictional disk with 10~50 μm of cutting-in along frictional disk radial feed, feed speed scope is 0.4~1.2mm/s,
Feeding distance is the 1/4~1/2 of frictional disk diameter；
2-2) single-point lathe tool refine disk：Vertical turning pattern, the range of speeds of frictional disk are 2000~10000rpm, single-point
Lathe tool on the outside of the frictional disk with 2~10 μm of cutting-in along frictional disk radial feed, feed speed scope is 0.1~0.3mm/s, into
To 1/4~1/2 that distance is frictional disk diameter.
Shown single-point lathe tool is diamond bit or CBN lathe tools, and diamond bit can be specifically polycrystalline diamond single-point
Lathe tool and single-crystal diamond single-point lathe tool.
The above is only present pre-ferred embodiments, therefore cannot limit the scope implemented of the present invention according to this, i.e., according to
The equivalent changes and modifications that the scope of the claims of the present invention and description are made all should still belong in the range of the present invention covers.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of friction testing method of microthin coating, it is characterised in that：Including：
1) frictional disk is fixed on electro spindle, frictional disk can be rotated by electro spindle；On-line dynamic balancing is carried out to the frictional disk；
2) frictional disk is carried out to repair disk using single point cutter, to form end face run-out amount better than IT1 grades in friction panel surface, table
Face average roughness Ra repaiies disk area better than 10nm's, is as follows：
2-1) single-point lathe tool slightly repaiies disk：Vertical turning pattern, the range of speeds of frictional disk are 2000~10000rpm, single-point lathe tool
With 10~50 μm of cutting-in along frictional disk radial feed on the outside of from frictional disk, feed speed scope is 0.4~1.2mm/s, is fed
Distance is the 1/4~1/2 of frictional disk diameter；
2-2) single-point lathe tool refine disk：Vertical turning pattern, the range of speeds of frictional disk are 2000~10000rpm, single-point lathe tool
With 2~10 μm of cutting-in along frictional disk radial feed on the outside of the frictional disk, feed speed scope is 0.1~0.3mm/s, feed away from
From 1/4~1/2 for frictional disk diameter；
3) by scribble microthin coating to grinder have clamping on the fixture of device for force feedback is connected with；
4) friction testing is carried out：Test point radius R where according to the scratching speed v that need to be tested and repairing test point in disk area,
Pass throughCalculate the setting speed n of frictional disk；Frictional disk is rotated according to setting speed n, will be had to grinder and be moved to test
It directly over point, and moves down and is contacted with frictional disk, until frictional disk rubs with reaching testing setup value to mill Tool Room pressure
Test；Testing setup value is held constant at pressure between frictional disk to grinder tool by device for force feedback guarantee in test process,
Pass through the data during measuring system acquisition scratching simultaneously.
2. a kind of friction testing method of microthin coating according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described to be to grinder tool
Friction ball or friction pin.
3. a kind of friction testing method of microthin coating according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The microthin coating
Thickness is not more than 10 μm.
4. a kind of friction testing method of microthin coating according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The frictional disk is circle
Dish type.
5. a kind of friction testing method of microthin coating according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The frictional disk is to have
Non-ferrous metal, ferrous metal or nonmetallic materials are made.
6. a kind of friction testing method of microthin coating according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The measuring system is
Dynamometry and acoustic emission system include dynamometer, acoustic emission system, data collecting card and the signal amplifier of the connection of mutual signal；
It is described to be connected to grinder tool with dynamometer and acoustic emission system.
7. a kind of friction testing method of microthin coating according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：The dynamometer is consolidated
There is frequency higher than 4KHz, dynamometry precision is better than 0.01N.
8. a kind of friction testing method of microthin coating according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：The data collecting card
Sample rate be higher than 2M/s.
9. a kind of friction testing method of microthin coating according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：In the step 2),
The feeding distance of diamond single point cutter is less than frictional disk radius when repairing disk, and the disk area of repairing is circular ring shape.
10. a kind of friction testing method of microthin coating according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The single point cutter
For diamond single-point lathe tool or CBN single-point lathe tools.
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| CN106018148B (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2018-10-02 | 中航工业哈尔滨轴承有限公司 | A kind of high-speed friction tester |
| CN108020479B (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2020-08-25 | 湖南泰嘉新材料科技股份有限公司 | Saw cutting simulation test device and test method |
| CN108724002B (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2020-04-21 | 上海理工大学 | Surface roughness calculation method for plane grinding workpiece |
| CN109100249B (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2024-02-09 | 西南交通大学 | Device for testing wear resistance of finished product cutter coating |
| CN111855467B (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2023-10-20 | 矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Abradable coating performance test system and method for precisely calibrating rub-impact zero point |
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Application publication date: 20160706 Assignee: XIAMEN XIAZHI TECHNOLOGY TOOLS CO.,LTD. Assignor: HUAQIAO University Contract record no.: X2022350000036 Denomination of invention: A high speed friction testing method for ultra-thin coatings Granted publication date: 20180525 License type: Common License Record date: 20220927 |