CN105738233A - High-speed friction testing method for ultrathin coating - Google Patents
High-speed friction testing method for ultrathin coating Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-speed friction testing method for an ultrathin coating and belongs to the field of tribological testing and precise and ultraprecise machining.A friction disk is fixed to an electric spindle and subjected to online dynamic balancing; then, the friction disk is trimmed to meet the requirement on end face run-out and roughness which are needed for testing; next, an opposite grinding tool coated with the ultrathin coating is clamped on a fixture connected with a force feedback device, a ball-disk test, a pin-disk test and other friction tests are carried out, the friction disk rotates at a specified rotational speed, the opposite grinding tool makes contact with the friction disk, the pressure between the opposite grinding tool and the friction disk is maintained at a test set value, the tests are carried out till set time is up, and a measurement system collects frictional force, acoustic emission signals and other physical quantities in the process.Through the method, high-speed friction testing can be realized.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to tribology tester and precise and ultraprecise machining field, be specifically related to the high-speed friction test of a kind of microthin coating
Method.
Background technology
Fretting wear occurs to go through in occasion, coefficient of friction and abrasions such as high-speed rotating machine, material machining, mechanism's reciprocating motions
Journey is significant for aspects such as the selection of part material, structure design, cooling and lubricating way choice.Wherein high-speed friction
Abrasion has again the feature different with general fretting wear: the inertia force that (linear velocity is more than 15m/s) produces 1. at a high speed can affect profit
The adhesive ability of lubricating oil, from friction area extrusion or throws away lubricating oil, causes the increase of coefficient of friction；2. high-speed friction along with
The severe plastic deformation of actual contact point, thus add the material flowing at contact point, reduce shearing resistance, and then reduce
Coefficient of friction；3. in high-speed friction, plastic deformation at actual contact point result in the generation of heat and the rising of temperature, adds and rubs
Wipe the chemical affinity interaction between pair, thus add coefficient of friction.In view of the complexity of high-speed friction physical process, high-speed friction
Abrasion has become as the hot issue of current academia research.
The test of general fretting wear includes various rubbing methods and the associated friction wear tests thereof such as ball dish, pin dish, dish dish, four balls
In machine, friction pair produces break-in effect at the friction initial stage, reaches stable through Frotteurism after a period of time, enters rank of stably wearing and tearing
Section, now the physical quantity such as the relative displacement of apparatus measures friction pair, frictional force, calculates coefficient of friction and wear rate.For at a high speed
The existing test method that rubs there is problems in that 1. in high speed processes friction pair to realize the condition of period of adjustment the harshest, even
Do not have stable wear stage and directly arrive the heavy wear stage；2. high-speed friction process has serious wear to grinder, even if
Reach stable wear stage, the geometry of grinder tool has also been had occurred that significantly change, have impact on precision and the standard of test
Really property；3. the produced huge inertia force of high-speed friction high speed rotation has had a strong impact on the precision of friction testing.Because the problems referred to above
Restriction, the maximum speed level of existing business friction wear testing machine probably at 5000rpm (frictional disk of diameter 50mm),
Linear velocity is roughly equal to 7.87m/s, it is difficult to reach the test request of high-speed friction.
Summary of the invention
In place of it is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, it is provided that the high-speed friction method of testing of a kind of microthin coating,
It is intended to reduce the period of adjustment, utilizes single point cutter that frictional disk is repaiied dish online, it is ensured that the form accuracy of friction pair and relative position
Precision, increases the stability of friction process simultaneously by dynamic balancing, device for force feedback can ensure during friction testing to grinder tool with
Pressure between frictional disk is constant, thus realizes the high-speed friction test of microthin coating.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of friction testing method of microthin coating, including:
1) being fixed on electro spindle by frictional disk, frictional disk can be rotated by electro spindle；This frictional disk is carried out on-line dynamic balancing；
2) use single point cutter that this frictional disk is repaiied dish, to be better than IT1 level, table in frictional disk surface formation end face run-out amount
What face average roughness Ra was better than 10nm repaiies disk area, specifically comprises the following steps that
2-1) dish slightly repaiied by single-point lathe tool: vertical turning pattern, the range of speeds of frictional disk is 2000～10000rpm, single-point lathe tool
With the cutting-in of 10～50 μm along frictional disk radial feed outside frictional disk, feed speed scope is 0.4～1.2mm/s, feeding away from
From for the 1/4～1/2 of frictional disk diameter；
2-2) single-point lathe tool refine dish: vertical turning pattern, the range of speeds of frictional disk is 2000～10000rpm, single-point lathe tool
With the cutting-in of 2～10 μm along frictional disk radial feed outside frictional disk, feed speed scope is 0.1～0.3mm/s, feeding away from
From for the 1/4～1/2 of frictional disk diameter；
3) by scribble microthin coating to grinder tool clamping on the fixture being connected with device for force feedback；
4) friction testing is carried out: according to the scratching speed v that need to test and the test point radius R repairing disk area build-in test point place, logical
CrossCalculate setting speed n of frictional disk；Frictional disk rotates according to setting speed n, grinder tool will moved to test point just
Top, and move down and contact with frictional disk, until frictional disk reaches testing setup value with to mill Tool Room pressure, carry out friction testing；
Test process ensures pressure between grinder tool and frictional disk is held constant at testing setup value, simultaneously by surveying by device for force feedback
Data during amount system acquisition scratching.
In one embodiment: described is friction ball or friction pin to grinder tool.
In one embodiment: the thickness of described microthin coating is not more than 10 μm.
In one embodiment: described frictional disk is disc.
In one embodiment: described frictional disk is that non-ferrous metal, ferrous metal or nonmetallic materials are made.
In one embodiment: described measurement system is dynamometry and acoustic emission system, including dynamometer, the acoustic emission system of the connection of mutual signal
System, data collecting card and signal amplifier；Described to grinder tool be connected with dynamometer and acoustic emission system.
In one embodiment: the natural frequency of described dynamometer is higher than 4KHz, and dynamometry precision is better than 0.01N.
In one embodiment: the sample rate of described data collecting card is higher than 2M/s.
In one embodiment: described step 2) in, when repairing dish, the feeding distance of diamond single point cutter is less than frictional disk radius, described
Repairing disk area is annular.
In one embodiment: described single point cutter is diamond single-point lathe tool or CBN single-point lathe tool.
In addition to being described, the connected mode between the single treatment process of each device involved in the present invention and each device is this area
Routine techniques, is not described in detail at this.
The technical program is compared with background technology, and it has the advantage that
The method of testing of the present invention avoids the significantly end face run-out in frictional disk high-speed rotation or circular runout by dynamic balancing,
Thus increase the stability of friction process；Meanwhile, utilize single point cutter Ultraprecision Machining that frictional disk is carried out on-line machining, protect
The form accuracy of card friction pair and relative positional accuracy, thus ensure that the relative motion precision of friction pair, reduce the break-in of friction pair
Process, reduces abrasion；Constant to the pressure between grinder tool and frictional disk during combining ability feedback device guarantee friction testing again, enter
One step ensure that precision and the accuracy of test, it is possible to realizes high-speed friction test.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The invention will be further described with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the method for testing principle schematic of the present invention.
Fig. 2 be the present invention repair dish Principle of Process schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is to repair the contrast of frictional disk three-dimensional surface shape before and after dish in the embodiment of the present invention 1, and wherein Fig. 3 a is (warp before repairing dish
Conventional finish turning processes), after Fig. 3 b is for repairing dish.
Fig. 4 is to repair the contrast of frictional disk surface end face jerk value before and after dish in the embodiment of the present invention 1, and wherein Fig. 4 a is (warp before repairing dish
Conventional finish turning processes), its end face run-out amount maximum is up to 17.7 μm；After Fig. 4 b is for repairing dish, its end face run-out amount is maximum
Value is 2.9 μm.
Fig. 5 is the Cross Section Morphology figure of the microthin coating in the embodiment of the present invention 2 to grinder tool.
Fig. 6 is the friction coefficient curve of the embodiment of the present invention 2 and comparative example.
Fig. 7 is the friction ball apparent condition schematic diagram after the abrasion of comparative example.
Reference: frictional disk 1, friction ball 2, repair disk area 3, fixture 4, device for force feedback 5, single point cutter 6.
Detailed description of the invention
Present disclosure is illustrated below by embodiment:
Embodiment 1
A kind of high-speed friction method of testing of microthin coating, the device used includes:
Lathe, the frictional disk 1 that the hard brittle material such as disc non-ferrous metal, ferrous metal or nonmetallic materials such as sapphire is made fills
It is connected on the electro spindle of lathe, and frictional disk 1 can be rotated by electro spindle；
Dynamic balance instrument, for carrying out on-line dynamic balancing to frictional disk 1；
Single point cutter 6, for diamond bit or CBN (cubic boron nitride) lathe tool, diamond bit can be specifically glomerocryst Buddha's warrior attendant
Stone (PCD) single-point lathe tool and single-crystal diamond (ND) single-point lathe tool, for repairing dish to frictional disk 1 end face；This single-point cutter
Tool 6 is installed in support dismantledly, and is installed in lathe movably by support；
Having grinder, clamping is on the fixture 4 being connected with device for force feedback 5；This fixture 4 is installed in support dismantledly, and passes through
Support is installed in lathe movably；The axial direction that grinder tool can be rotated at frictional disk 1 by fixture 4 and support and radial direction
Side moves up, and the highest more good in the positioning precision of both direction, preferable over 0.1 μm；This device for force feedback 5 be pressure-
Displacement Feedback adjusting means, can be had and pressure change between frictional disk 1 grinder by detection, and feedback ground passes through fixture 4 to mill
Instrument height in the axial direction is finely adjusted, thus ensures pressure between grinder tool and frictional disk 1 can be kept constant；
Measurement system, for dynamometry and acoustic emission system, the dynamometer that connects including mutual signal, acoustic emission system, data collecting card
And signal amplifier；Grinder tool is connected by this with dynamometer and acoustic emission system；Data acquisition card signal connects computer；Dynamometry
The natural frequency of instrument is higher than 4KHz, and dynamometry precision is better than 0.01N；The sample rate of described data collecting card is higher than 2M/s.
Concrete method of testing is as follows:
1) the aluminum alloy round dish type frictional disk 1 of diameter 400mm is fixed on by modes such as mechanical clamp such as screws the electro spindle of lathe
On, frictional disk 1 can be rotated by electro spindle；With dynamic balance instrument, this frictional disk 1 is carried out on-line dynamic balancing, to reduce frictional disk 1
Vibration when high speed rotating, thus during ensureing scratching, grinder tool can stably be contacted with frictional disk 1；
2) use diamond bit that this frictional disk 1 is repaiied dish, first slightly repair dish with polycrystalline diamond single-point lathe tool, then use monocrystalline
Diamond single-point lathe tool refine dish, forms end face run-out amount 3 μm, the circle of surface average roughness Ra 4nm on frictional disk 1 surface
Annular repaiies disk area 3, to reduce frictional disk 1 end face run-out amount, improves surface quality, is further ensured that during scratching grinder
Tool can stably contact with frictional disk 1, concretely comprises the following steps:
2-1) dish slightly repaiied by polycrystalline diamond single-point lathe tool: vertical superfinishing close turning pattern, and the rotating speed of frictional disk 1 is 3000rpm,
Polycrystalline diamond single-point lathe tool cutting-in with 10 μm outside frictional disk 1 along frictional disk 1 radial feed, feed speed scope is
0.4～1.2mm/s, feeding distance is 160mm；
2-2) single-crystal diamond single-point lathe tool refine dish: vertical superfinishing close turning pattern, the rotating speed of frictional disk 1 is 3000rpm,
Single-crystal diamond single-point lathe tool outside frictional disk 1 with the cutting-in of 2 μm along frictional disk 1 radial feed, feed speed scope be 0.1～
0.3mm/s, feeding distance is 160mm；
Repair the contrast of frictional disk 1 three-dimensional surface shape and end face run-out amount before and after dish and see Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 respectively；
3) by scribble microthin coating to grinder tool clamping on the fixture 4 being connected with device for force feedback 5；Among the present embodiment, right
Grinder tool is the aluminium oxide ceramics friction ball 2 of the diameter 4mm scribbling TiAlN microthin coating；
4) ball-dish friction testing is carried out: according to the scratching speed v that need to test and the test point radius repairing disk area build-in test point place
R, passes throughCalculate setting speed n of frictional disk 1；Among the present embodiment, R=50mm, scratch speed v=15.7m/s,
N=3000rpm；Frictional disk 1 rotates according to above-mentioned setting speed n, will move to grinder tool directly over test point, and moves down and rub
Wiping dish 1 contacts, until frictional disk 1 reaches testing setup value 1N with to mill Tool Room pressure, carries out friction testing；Test process
In by device for force feedback 5, the fixture 4 position on the axial direction that frictional disk 1 rotates is finely adjusted, to ensure friction ball 2
And pressure remains constant at 1N, by the measurement system acquisition scratching process being connected with friction ball 2 during test between frictional disk 1
In data, and transmitted to data collecting card by signal amplifier, then transmit to computer and calculate, available frictional force,
The physical quantitys such as acoustic emission signal；Frictional force is coefficient of friction with the ratio of constant contact pressure 1N, can be calculated by friction value
Obtain.
Embodiment 2
1) by pinion steel 42CrMoV (hardness HRC50) disc frictional disk 1 magnetic suction disc or the machinery of diameter 400mm
The modes such as fixture are fixed on the electro spindle of lathe, and frictional disk 1 can be rotated by electro spindle；With dynamic balance instrument, this frictional disk 1 is entered
Row on-line dynamic balancing, to reduce the frictional disk 1 vibration when high speed rotating, thus to grinder tool and frictional disk during ensureing scratching
1 can stably contact；
2) use CBN single-point lathe tool that this frictional disk 1 is repaiied dish, the most slightly repair dish, then carry out refine dish, at frictional disk
1 surface forms end face run-out amount 5.1 μm, and the annular of surface average roughness Ra 4.57nm repaiies disk area 3, to reduce friction
Dish 1 end face run-out amount, improves surface quality, can stably contact grinder tool with frictional disk 1 during being further ensured that scratching,
Concretely comprise the following steps:
2-1) dish slightly repaiied by CBN single-point lathe tool: vertical turning pattern, uses air-cooler while repairing dish, makes cold wind alignment CBN mono-
Point lathe tool 6 and frictional disk 1 cool down, and the rotating speed of frictional disk 1 is 3000rpm, and CBN single-point lathe tool is outside frictional disk 1
With the cutting-in of 15 μm along frictional disk 1 radial feed, feed speed scope is 0.4～1.2mm/s, and feeding distance is 160mm；
2-2) CBN single-point lathe tool refine dish: vertical turning pattern, uses air-cooler while repairing dish, makes cold wind alignment CBN mono-
Point lathe tool 6 and frictional disk 1 cool down, and the rotating speed of frictional disk 1 is 3000rpm, and CBN single-point lathe tool is outside frictional disk 1
With the cutting-in of 2 μm along frictional disk 1 radial feed, feed speed scope is 0.1～0.3mm/s, and feeding distance is 160mm；
3) by scribble microthin coating to grinder tool clamping on the fixture 4 being connected with device for force feedback 5；Among the present embodiment, right
Grinder tool is the P30 hard alloy friction ball 2 of the diameter 4mm scribbling TiAlN microthin coating；The Cross Section Morphology figure of coating such as figure
Shown in 5, it can be seen that coating is divided into two-layer, above one layer be mainly composed of TiAlN, thickness is about 2.45 μm, this layer of coating
Primarily serve the left and right reducing fretting wear；Below one layer be mainly composed of TiN, thickness is about 75nm, and this layer of coating is main
Play the effect of tack coat；
4) ball-dish friction testing is carried out: according to the scratching speed v that need to test and the test point radius repairing disk area build-in test point place
R, passes throughCalculate setting speed n of frictional disk 1；Among the present embodiment, R=47.7mm, scratch speed v=10m/s,
N=2000rpm；Frictional disk 1 rotates according to above-mentioned setting speed n, will move to grinder tool directly over test point, and moves down and rub
Wiping dish 1 contacts, until frictional disk 1 reaches testing setup value 1N with to mill Tool Room pressure, carries out dry friction test；Tested
The fixture 4 position on the axial direction that frictional disk 1 rotates is finely adjusted, to ensure friction ball by journey by device for force feedback 5
Between 2 and frictional disk 1, pressure remains constant at 1N, and during test, the measurement system acquisition by being connected with friction ball 2 scratched
Data in journey, and being transmitted to data collecting card by signal amplifier, then transmit to computer and calculate, available frictional force,
The physical quantitys such as acoustic emission signal；Frictional force is coefficient of friction with the ratio of constant contact pressure 1N, can be calculated by friction value
Obtain.
Comparative example
2 differences of this comparative example and embodiment are, frictional disk are not repaiied dish before carrying out friction testing.Remaining equipment,
Parameter, method equivalent integers 2.
Result as shown in Figure 6, repaiies dish in advance in this comparative example (curve 2 in figure), friction ball and to the frictional disk of mill
Contact stabilization is not enough, and coating occurs quickly abrasion under percussion, and the time of about 80s, coating is the most completely worn out, as
Friction ball apparent condition shown in Fig. 7, it can be seen that the coating of frictional contact area is the most completely worn out；The matrix material of friction ball
Rubbing with to mill disk of material, coefficient of friction significantly raises；And embodiment 2 (curve 1 in figure) has been carried out pre-repair dish after,
Friction ball and the frictional disk of mill is quickly entered stable contact condition, coating abrasion speed is relatively slow, and 300s is completely worn out, more conforms to
The true wear course of coating, test result is more accurate；And, repair after dish the instrument such as force transducer during friction testing in advance
Feedback response rate request significantly reduces, and is easily reduced instrument cost and reaches the higher coefficient of sliding friction.
As required, can be friction ball or friction pin to grinder tool, correspondingly carry out for ball-dish friction testing or pin-dish friction
Test.
As required, can be friction ball or friction pin to grinder tool, correspondingly carry out for ball-dish friction testing or pin-dish friction
Test；Mill tool surfaces can be scribbled microthin coating, and correspondingly carry out tests for coating greasy property, coating for example, TiAlN
Coating etc..Owing to coating layer thickness is the thinnest more easy to wear, the corresponding period of adjustment must be shorter, and the requirement to instrument is the highest.Existing
The typically the thinnest coating test that can only accomplish thickness 20 μm of testing machine, and the present invention can shorten the period of adjustment, quickly reaches steady
Fixed friction, is therefore particularly suitable for relatively thin coating test, even if coating layer thickness is 1 μm also can realize high precision measurement.
As required, repair the parameter of dish and adjust and carry out one or many in the range of following and repair dish, end can be formed on frictional disk surface
Face jerk value is better than IT1 level, and what surface average roughness Ra was better than 10nm repaiies disk area, specifically comprises the following steps that
2-1) dish slightly repaiied by single-point lathe tool: vertical turning pattern, the range of speeds of frictional disk is 2000～10000rpm, single-point lathe tool
With the cutting-in of 10～50 μm along frictional disk radial feed outside frictional disk, feed speed scope is 0.4～1.2mm/s, feeding away from
From for the 1/4～1/2 of frictional disk diameter；
2-2) single-point lathe tool refine dish: vertical turning pattern, the range of speeds of frictional disk is 2000～10000rpm, single-point lathe tool
With the cutting-in of 2～10 μm along frictional disk radial feed outside frictional disk, feed speed scope is 0.1～0.3mm/s, feeding away from
From for the 1/4～1/2 of frictional disk diameter.
Shown in single-point lathe tool be diamond bit or CBN lathe tool, diamond bit can be specifically polycrystalline diamond single-point lathe tool and
Single-crystal diamond single-point lathe tool.
The above, only present pre-ferred embodiments, therefore the scope that the present invention implements can not be limited according to this, i.e. according to the present invention
The equivalence change that the scope of the claims and description are made with modify, all should still belong in the range of the present invention contains.
Claims (10)
1. the friction testing method of a microthin coating, it is characterised in that: including:
1) being fixed on electro spindle by frictional disk, frictional disk can be rotated by electro spindle；This frictional disk is carried out on-line dynamic balancing；
2) use single point cutter that this frictional disk is repaiied dish, to be better than IT1 level in frictional disk surface formation end face run-out amount,
What surface average roughness Ra was better than 10nm repaiies disk area, specifically comprises the following steps that
2-1) dish slightly repaiied by single-point lathe tool: vertical turning pattern, the range of speeds of frictional disk is 2000～10000rpm, single-point car
Cutter outside frictional disk with the cutting-in of 10～50 μm along frictional disk radial feed, feed speed scope is 0.4～1.2mm/s,
Feeding distance is the 1/4～1/2 of frictional disk diameter；
2-2) single-point lathe tool refine dish: vertical turning pattern, the range of speeds of frictional disk is 2000～10000rpm, single-point car
Cutter is 0.1～0.3mm/s with the cutting-in of 2～10 μm along frictional disk radial feed, feed speed scope outside frictional disk, enters
Be frictional disk diameter to distance 1/4～1/2；
3) by scribble microthin coating to grinder tool clamping on the fixture being connected with device for force feedback；
4) friction testing is carried out: according to the scratching speed v that need to test and the test point radius R repairing disk area build-in test point place,
Pass throughCalculate setting speed n of frictional disk；Frictional disk rotates according to setting speed n, grinder tool will be moved to test
Directly over Dian, and move down and contact with frictional disk, until frictional disk reaches testing setup value with to mill Tool Room pressure, rub
Test；Test process ensures pressure between grinder tool and frictional disk is held constant at testing setup value by device for force feedback, with
Time by measure system acquisition scratch during data.
The friction testing method of a kind of microthin coating the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described have grinder
For friction ball or friction pin.
The friction testing method of a kind of microthin coating the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described microthin coating
Thickness be not more than 10 μm.
The friction testing method of a kind of microthin coating the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described frictional disk is
Disc.
The friction testing method of a kind of microthin coating the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described frictional disk is
Non-ferrous metal, ferrous metal or nonmetallic materials are made.
The friction testing method of a kind of microthin coating the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described measurement system
For dynamometry and acoustic emission system, dynamometer, acoustic emission system, data collecting card and the signal amplifier connected including mutual signal；
Described to grinder tool be connected with dynamometer and acoustic emission system.
The friction testing method of a kind of microthin coating the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: described dynamometer
Natural frequency is higher than 4KHz, and dynamometry precision is better than 0.01N.
The friction testing method of a kind of microthin coating the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: described data acquisition
The sample rate of card is higher than 2M/s.
The friction testing method of a kind of microthin coating the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: described step 2)
In, when repairing dish, the feeding distance of diamond single point cutter is less than frictional disk radius, described in repair disk area be annular.
The friction testing method of a kind of microthin coating the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: described single point cutter
For diamond single-point lathe tool or CBN single-point lathe tool.
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| CN108020479A (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2018-05-11 | 湖南泰嘉新材料科技股份有限公司 | A kind of sawing simulation test device and test method |
| CN108724002A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-11-02 | 上海理工大学 | Flat surface grinding workpiece surface roughness computational methods |
| CN109100249A (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2018-12-28 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of finished tools coating wear resistance test device |
| CN111855467A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-10-30 | 矿冶科技集团有限公司 | System and method for testing performance of abradable coating capable of accurately calibrating collision and abrasion zero point |
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| CN108724002B (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2020-04-21 | 上海理工大学 | Surface roughness calculation method for plane grinding workpiece |
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Application publication date: 20160706 Assignee: XIAMEN XIAZHI TECHNOLOGY TOOLS CO.,LTD. Assignor: HUAQIAO University Contract record no.: X2022350000036 Denomination of invention: A high speed friction testing method for ultra-thin coatings Granted publication date: 20180525 License type: Common License Record date: 20220927 |