CN103630453A - Controllable and high-precision experimental device for researching grinding mechanism - Google Patents
Controllable and high-precision experimental device for researching grinding mechanism Download PDFInfo
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- CN103630453A CN103630453A CN201310554164.4A CN201310554164A CN103630453A CN 103630453 A CN103630453 A CN 103630453A CN 201310554164 A CN201310554164 A CN 201310554164A CN 103630453 A CN103630453 A CN 103630453A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a controllable and high-precision experimental device for researching a grinding mechanism. The experimental device is characterized in that structures on a base body are distributed in a manner of forming a 120-degree mutual difference; an upper T-shaped slide block and a lower T-shaped slide block are relatively arranged in a slide groove of the base body; a diamond tool is in precise clearance fit with the lower T-shaped slide block; a round-mouth clamp is arranged on the base body and is adjacent to the upper T-shaped slide block; an axial spiral micrometer dial (with the resolution ratio of 1 micron) is arranged above the upper T-shaped slide block and is matched with the round-mouth clamp; three radial spiral micrometer dials (with the resolution ratio of 10 microns) are distributed on the base body in the manner of forming the 120-degree mutual difference. A new thought for researching the grinding mechanism is proposed by a single abrasive particle, double abrasive particles and multiple abrasive particles in an all-directional manner based on controllable and high-precision properties of the device; the device is particularly used for researching an influence rule on a surface forming mechanism and a material removing mechanism by different axial distances and radial distances between the adjacent abrasive particles. The controllable and high-precision experimental device for researching the grinding mechanism is simple in structure, convenient to operate, strong in practicability and high in testing precision, and a researching method is novel and unique.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the high-precision grinding controlled mechanism research experiment device and the research method in a kind of testing of materials technology and mechanical engineering Precision Machining field, interference effect when in particular grinding medium plain emery wheel linear velocity is greater than 30m/s between adjacent abrasive particle and abrasive particle forms experimental provision and the method for mechanism and Study on Material Removal Mechanism to difficult-to-machine material precision/ultra-precision surface.
Background technology
Along with science and technology and industrial development, more and more higher to the requirement of engineering goods and parts usability thereof, as require the specific strength of material high, high temperature resistant, corrosion-resistant, low strain and surface/sub-surface low damnification not damaged etc. even.For this reason, many novel difficult-to-machine materials have been there are, as new structure pottery, function ceramics, contemporary optics material, optical crystal and monocrystalline silicon piece etc.Because these difficult-to-machine materials have a series of good mechanical and physical performances, so it is all widely applied in laser technology, optical communication, photoelectron, Aero-Space navigation and national defense industry field.Yet these difficult-to-machine materials often easily produce the defects such as grinding force is large, grinding temperature is high, emery wheel is easy to wear, grinding ratio is lower, surface integrity is poor when grinding.If precision machined part exists the defects such as cutter trade that surface tear, rough surface etc. are harmful and larger surface/sub-surface damage, large residual tension or compressive stress, surperficial sclerosis and pollution layer, distortion of lattice layer after grinding, will certainly cause the precision component of high performance requirements to reduce and even catastrophic consequence fatigue lifetime.Wherein, whether deeply understand the grinding principle of difficult-to-machine material and whether choose reasonable grinding process parameters all will produce vital impact to the surface integrity of part after grinding, surface forms mechanism and Material Removal Mechanism to be by material behavior, abrasive material geometric configuration, abrasive material incision motion and to act on machinery on workpiece and abrasive particle and the factor reciprocation such as thermal force determines, and grinding process parameters is the result by combined factors effects such as grinding speed, table feed speed and grinding depths.In addition, emery wheel is the crucial executive component in Grinding Process, the surface appearance of emery wheel has significant impact to machined surface quality, the efficient removal of material, the high-quality of grinding skin are shaped and the effective supply of liquid coolant all requires the abrasive particle on wheel face must have rational cutting edge spacing, surperficial contour and enough chip spaces, otherwise, easily cause workpiece working (machining) efficiency low, crudy is difficult to guarantee, the large deficiency that waits of surface/sub-surface damage.
Grinding principle is all the difficult point in precision/ultraprecise working research all the time.As a kind of simplified model of wheel grinding process, single grain grinding is the effective ways of inquiring into complicated grinding principle.Yet, on the one hand, to compare with the grinding test of emery wheel, single grain grinding testing requirements test unit must have very high precision, meets the requirement of strength under high speed conditions simultaneously; On the other hand, grinding process is interacted with machined material simultaneously and completed the removal of material by a large amount of abrasive particles, in this process, the many factors such as the abrasive particle quantity of grinding is many owing to participating in, the randomness of abrasive grain cutting tooth shape shape and position is large, grinding speed is high influence each other, and only rely on single grain grinding to study surface formation mechanism and Material Removal Mechanism is inadequate.Because the distribution of wheel face abrasive particle is rambling, in grinding process, between abrasive particle and abrasive particle, there is interference effect, this to a certain extent will certainly effects on surface be shaped and material removal impacts, for Multi-angle omnibearing study grinding principle, two abrasive particles and many abrasive particle grindings will become systematic study surface and form mechanism and the requisite research method of Material Removal Mechanism.Therefore, in order to improve working (machining) efficiency, higher Grindability and the high-quality surface of the work integrality of acquisition of difficult-to-machine material, by single abrasive particle of adamas, two abrasive particles and many abrasive particle Experimental Research on Grinding, the rule that affects that the interference effect effects on surface between in-depth analysis grinding parameter and abrasive particle and abrasive particle forms mechanism and Material Removal Mechanism is study difficult-to-machine material grinding principle, process optimization and instruct emery wheel design and the important channel of fabrication phase and the finishing of grinding process medium plain emery wheel etc.
At present, carry out the mature equipment that surface forms mechanism and Study on Material Removal Mechanism and mainly concentrate on scratching test unit: Nano Scratch Tester (NST) scratching instrument that the Model TR-102-M3 scratching instrument that the TriboIndenter scratching instrument of producing as the NanoIndenter XP scratching instrument of the production of American MTS company, U.S. Hysitron company, the SMT scratching instrument that U.S. NANOVEA company produces, the NanoTestTM Vantage nanometer mechanics test macro that Britain MML company produces, India Ducom company produce and Switzerland CSM company produce etc.These special-purpose scratching test units that are applied to testing of materials field have higher test accuracy and good stability and real time monitoring function, yet, the scratching speed of these scratching test units is lower, and maximum scratching speed is 60mm/min, grinding speed during well below grinding (being conventionally greater than 15m/s), incomparable especially with the grinding speed in high speed/superhigh speed grinding situation.Therefore,, when the stronger grinding material grinding principle of research engineering application, this type of scratching test unit cannot accurately be simulated the physical change process that wheel grinding adds surface of the work in man-hour.
In addition, although Chinese scholars in process of experimental designed, designed some simple single grain grinding devices, and the linear velocity of these individual particle grinding attachments emery wheel can reach grinding time, even can simulate high speed/superhigh speed grinding, for example: through the retrieval of existing patent and document is found, number of patent application: US7302831B2, Moyse Allan H discloses a kind of Scratch testing device; Number of patent application: the people such as 201010300985.1, Yao Zhenqiang disclose a kind of optical glass proving installation; Literature search number: J.Am.Ceram.Soc.88(2005) 918-925, the people such as G.Subhash disclose a kind of A new scratch resistance measure for structural ceramics; Literature search number: J.Am.Ceram.Soc.88(2005) 918-925, the people such as G.Subhash disclose a kind of Sensitivity of scratch resistance to grinding-induced damage anisotropy in silicon nitride; The T.Matsuo of Kumamoto University etc. has designed single abrasive particle micro cutting and scratching test unit, adopts CBN and the diamond abrasive grain that granularity is 14/20# to carry out micro cutting and scratching test to steel and aluminium oxide; Y.Ohbuchi adopts CBN and the diamond abrasive grain that negative rake is-45 ° ,-60 ° ,-75 ° respectively S50C steel to be carried out to Orthogonal Machining Tests; France scholar Matthieu etc. replaces single abrasive particle to carry out scratching test with lathe tool, the plastic yield of material and removal mechanism in research grinding process; The impact of the method for single diamond abrasive grain scratching on the surface fracture of aluminium oxide when the Zhang Bi of Tokyo Institute of Technology etc. has studied adamantine tip angle and is respectively 85 °, 108 °, 128 ° and 65 °; Grinding speed and the impact of abrasive dust thickness on the formation mechanism of hardened steel abrasive dust when the E.Brinksmeier of Bremen, Germany university has studied low-speed conditions and places an order an abrasive particle scratching; Northwestern Polytechnical University is yellow very, Ren Jingxin etc. carried out the experimental study of single grain grinding the earliest; Huaqiao University woods is thought the surface topography bright, Xu Xipeng has carried out single diamond abrasive grain scratching simple glass and grinding force research ... these invention disclosed patents and classical single abrasive particle scratching test provide meaningful guidance for the cutting behavior that we study single abrasive particle.
Yet, from test unit, still from research method, all have some limitations: from test unit, a kind of is that diamond abrasive grain is fixed by method and the matrix of bonding or soldering, another kind is that single abrasive particle maintains static, workpiece is contained on abrasive disc and with emery wheel and does gyration, and the diamond abrasive grain in these two kinds of test units, can not be according to testing the required controlled adjusting of carrying out all in concretion state, what is more important can not be installed many abrasive particles simultaneously, from research method, common individual particle abrasive particle scratching test is to cut the thick grinding depth that equals based on single abrasive particle, but single abrasive particle is cut thick in actual grinding depth in actual grinding process, what is more important, these researchs have only considered that single abrasive particle effects on surface forms the impact of mechanism and Material Removal Mechanism, can not fundamentally explain on actual grinding process medium plain emery wheel that the interference effect effects on surface between a two abrasive particle or many abrasive particles forms the impact of mechanism and Material Removal Mechanism, analyze theoretically, interference effect between two abrasive particles or many abrasive particles will not be out of shape thickness of cutting h to single abrasive particle maximum
mexert an influence, and single abrasive particle maximum is not out of shape thickness of cutting h
mgrinding force in grinding process, grinding temperature are had to the direct relation that affects, easily cause the problems such as abrasion of grinding wheel, Grinding Machining Quality be not good.For two abrasive particle Experimental Research on Grinding, even if there is the relevant report of this respect, as doctor Gu Weibin of Shanghai Communications University has carried out scratching experimental study to optical glass BK7, result shows: between abrasive particle, exist an optimal spacing to make material removal volume reach maximal value; But, twice scratching in this research is to produce in the time interval situation based on can not ignore, and hard brittle material comes from stress raisers in the formation that adds crackle in man-hour, after once crack nucleation and propagation completes, local stress is concentrated and will be weakened, so the beginning of scratching process and the formation of crackle must be based in finite time intervals, otherwise the removal mechanism of material when being different from wheel grinding, therefore, the method will be unfavorable for illustrating the impact of the radial spacing between abrasive particle and abrasive particle on grinding principle on emery wheel.
In addition, the radial spacing that Italy scholar Alberto Carpinteri and Stefano Invernizzi have studied between two pressure heads from the angle of numerical simulation reaches the rule that affects of mechanism on hard brittle material material, result shows: when the spacing between two pressure heads is 3～4 multiplication of voltage area of bed, when obtaining high material removing rate and low ratio grinding energy, also will greatly reduce the damage on surface/sub-surface, thereby provide effective guidance for optimization super hard abrasive instrument; But this research is not only carried out effective experimental verification based on numerical simulation, more do not have a set of can real simulation emery wheel on the experimental provision of interference effect between abrasive particle and abrasive particle.
For above present situation; urgent need is developed a kind of simple structure, cheap, easy to operate, control is accurate, the multifunction high-precision difficult-to-machine material grinding principle research device of real simulation high-speed grinding, and interference effect effects on surface when an especially two abrasive particle or many abrasive particle grindings between abrasive particle and abrasive particle forms the impact of mechanism and Material Removal Mechanism.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned technical matters, the present invention, by proposing a kind of high-precision grinding mechanism research experiment device and research method controlled, overcomes the drawback of prior art, realizes the difficult-to-machine material single grain grinding mechanism research that wheel grinding linear velocity is greater than 30m/s, simultaneously this device solved because of abrasive particle too small (50 μ m～200 μ m) can not be near a difficult problem of installing, be convenient to the two abrasive particle of high spot reviews and many abrasive particles different axial spacing and the interference effect effects on surface formation mechanism of radial spacing and the impact of Material Removal Mechanism between adjacent abrasive particle and abrasive particle in grinding process, thereby the surface during for the grinding of further investigation difficult-to-machine material forms mechanism and Material Removal Mechanism, improve the working (machining) efficiency of material and surface integrity and further for the design of super-abrasive grinding wheel landforms and the crushing in manufacture and grinding process provide reliable basis.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of experimental provision of controlling the research of high-precision grinding mechanism, mainly comprise matrix, upper T shape slide block, lower T shape slide block, diamond tool, axial screw dial gauge, spiral dial gauge radially, round mouth fixture, wherein matrix is connected with machine tool chief axis connecting link, and fix by anti-loosing flat gasket and hexagonal nut, the axis of described matrix overlaps with the axis height of machine tool chief axis connecting link, 120 ° of distributions of structure mutual deviation on described matrix, on it, have groove, there is symmetrical line slide rail the both sides of groove end face and bottom surface, motion for upper T shape slide block and lower T shape slide block, groove inner side has the blind hole for mounting spring, and the other end of described spring is connected with the groove on lower T shape slide block, forms small reverse pretightning force, for the balance acting force of spiral dial gauge radially, groove outside has for radially threaded hole and the unthreaded hole of spiral dial gauge are installed, described unthreaded hole outside is a plane, for locating radially spiral dial gauge, described matrix central hole location top is provided with protruding hole, and bottom is provided with shoulder hole, described matrix end face partly indicates scale near groove, corresponding with the scale on upper T shape slide block.
In addition, upper T shape slide block and lower T shape slide block are relatively arranged in the chute of matrix, by interior hexagonal cylindrical screw, connect, and wherein go up T shape slide block centre and have through hole, for being used in conjunction with axial screw dial gauge; Upper T shape slide block upper surface portion indicates scale, corresponding with the scale on matrix end face, forms vernier caliper, and diamond tool can reach 12.5 μ m at the degree of regulation of radial position; The motion of upper T shape slide block on matrix can meet level and smooth movement, without creeping phenomenon, produces.
According to a further aspect in the invention, lower T shape slide block center has ladder hole, and upper shoulder hole is for being used in conjunction with axial screw dial gauge, and downstairs hole is for being used in conjunction with diamond tool high-precision gap; Its left side opening is fluted, for being used in conjunction with spring; Its right side has screw thread shoulder hole, for holding screw is installed, fixes diamond tool.
According to a further aspect in the invention, upper T shape slide block and lower T shape slide block form a slide block group, and this slide block group sliding distance radially on matrix can reach 2mm, are enough to for characterizing the radial spacing between abrasive particle and abrasive particle on emery wheel.
According to a further aspect in the invention, the accurate clearance fit of diamond tool and lower T shape slide block, by interior hexagonal cylindrical screw fastening, wherein the layout of diamond tool on matrix adopts arranged in concentric circles method; Can, by rotation diamond tool in the position of lower T shape slide block, select the digging angle of diamond tool in grinding process; By selecting the abrasive particle number on diamond tool, realize more abrasive particle grinding tests.
According to a further aspect in the invention, round mouth fixture is positioned on matrix, adjoin T shape slide block, wherein the relative position of round mouth fixture and matrix immobilizes, when upper T shape slide block and lower T shape slide block and diamond tool integral body mobile on chute after, the position of axial screw dial gauge also needs to change thereupon, and now round mouth fixture can be realized the elasticity clamping processed of axial screw dial gauge.
According to a further aspect in the invention, axial screw dial gauge is through round mouth fixture, an end face on it is placed on T shape slide block, by three interior hexagonal cylindrical screws clamp of 120 ° of distributions of mutual deviation, for minute adjustment diamond tool at axial relative position; Radially 120 ° of spiral dial gauge mutual deviations are distributed on matrix 1, by self screw thread, be connected with matrix, by regulating the vernier adjustment knob on spiral dial gauge radially, make micrometric screw contact and produce acting force with upper T-shaped slide block, promote interconnective upper T shape slide block, lower T shape slide block and diamond tool integral body and slide in matrix chute, thereby regulate diamond tool at relative position radially.
According to a further aspect in the invention, in order to guarantee that axial screw dial gauge changes with slide block group shift in position radially on matrix, the through hole of round mouth fixture is the mobile space that axial screw dial gauge leaves 2mm, when diamond tool has obtained after accurate abrasive particle axial spacing and abrasive particle radial spacing, axial screw dial gauge and round mouth fixture are unloaded from matrix.
The present invention compared to existing technology tool has the following advantages: apparatus of the present invention are simple in structure, easy to operate, and research method is novel unique, and practicality is stronger, and measuring accuracy is high.The present invention adopts the methods such as the distribution pattern, spiral micrometer fine setting technology, vernier caliper principle, diamond tool arranged in concentric circles of 120 ° of light-weighted structural designs, structure mutual deviation to design and manufactured a kind of device of multifunction high-precision grinding principle research of strong innovation, based on this device can control, the characteristic such as high precision, the new approaches of single abrasive particle, two abrasive particles and many abrasive particle Multi-angle omnibearing research grinding principle have been proposed.The present invention can obtain by the speed of adjusting tool main shaft different grinding speeds, and grinding speed can reach 30m/s; Feeding by adjusting tool Z axis obtains different grinding depths, and resolution 0.1 μ m; In addition, the most important innovation of the present invention is: the surface during for further investigation difficult-to-machine material grinding forms the working (machining) efficiency of mechanism and Material Removal Mechanism, raising material and surface integrity and further for the design of super-abrasive grinding wheel landforms and the crushing in manufacture and grinding process provide reliable basis.
Accompanying drawing explanation
To describe now as preferred but nonrestrictive embodiment of the present invention, these and other features of the present invention, aspect and advantage will become apparent when reading as follows detailed description with reference to accompanying drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the front elevation of experimental provision of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of experimental provision of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the partial enlarged drawing of the vernier caliper part of experimental provision of the present invention.
In figure: 1-matrix; 2-round mouth fixture; 3-interior hexagonal cylindrical screw; 4-diamond tool; 5-hexagonal nut; 6-plain washer; 7-main shaft connecting link; 8-spring; 9-lower T shape slide block; 10-upper T shape slide block; 11-axial screw dial gauge; 12-interior hexagonal cylindrical screw; 13-interior hexagonal cylindrical screw; 14-interior hexagonal cylindrical screw; 15-spiral dial gauge radially.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiments of the invention are described in detail, below provided detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention are not limited to following embodiment.The following description is only exemplary and be not in order to limit the disclosure, application or purposes in essence.Should be understood that, in whole accompanying drawings, corresponding Reference numeral represents identical or corresponding parts and feature.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2: the present embodiment comprises: matrix 1, upper T shape slide block 10, lower T shape slide block 9, diamond tool 4, axial screw dial gauge 11, radially spiral dial gauge 15, round mouth fixture 2.For convenience of description, to installing same structure or the assembly of 120 ° of distributions of upper mutual deviation, carry out order label definition: as shown in Figure 2, certain part on handle assembly is defined as A, moves in the direction of the clock, and defines respectively B and C.As diamond tool 4A, diamond tool 4B, diamond tool 4C.
Upper T shape slide block 10 and lower T shape slide block 9 are relatively arranged in the chute of matrix, by interior hexagonal cylindrical screw 12, connect.Wherein, upper T shape slide block 10 centres have through hole, for being used in conjunction with axial screw dial gauge 15; Upper T shape slide block 10 upper surface portion indicate scale, corresponding with the scale on matrix 1 end face, form simple vernier caliper, and from vernier caliper principle, diamond tool 4 can reach 12.5 μ m at the degree of regulation of radial position; The motion of upper T shape slide block 10 on matrix 1 can meet level and smooth movement, without creeping phenomenon, produces.Lower T shape slide block 9 centers have ladder hole, and upper shoulder hole is for being used in conjunction with axial screw dial gauge 11, and downstairs hole is for being used in conjunction with diamond tool 4 high-precision gap; Its left side opening is fluted, for being used in conjunction with spring 8; Its right side has screw thread shoulder hole, for holding screw 14 is installed, fixes diamond tool 4.In addition, upper T shape slide block 10 and lower T shape slide block 9 forms a slide block group, and this slide block group sliding distance radially on matrix 1 can reach 2mm, is enough to for characterizing the radial spacing between abrasive particle and abrasive particle on emery wheel.
If desired study the impact that single grain grinding test effects on surface forms mechanism and Material Removal Mechanism, in three diamond tools, only have one to carry out grinding, all the other two are only played equilibrium activity, if desired the two abrasive particle of research effects on surface in grinding process forms the impact of mechanism and Material Removal Mechanism, the 3rd diamond tool plays equilibrium activity, now can be by regulating axial screw dial gauge 11 accurately to control diamond tool 4 at axial relative position, can obtain the axial spacing between diamond tool 4A and the diamond tool 4B of 120 ° of distributions of mutual deviation with it, by the radially effect of spiral dial gauge 15 and the opposite direction of spring 8, be used for steadily promoting interconnective upper T shape slide block 10, lower T shape slide block 9 and diamond tool 4 integral body are slided in matrix 1 chute, accurate adjustment diamond tool 4 is at relative position radially, can obtain the radial spacing between diamond tool 4A and diamond tool 4B, in like manner, study the situation that many abrasive particles effects on surface in grinding process forms the similar two abrasive particle of impact of mechanism and Material Removal Mechanism.
Axial screw dial gauge 11(resolution is 1 μ m) through round mouth fixture 2, an end face on it is placed on T shape slide block 10, three interior hexagonal cylindrical screws 13 by 120 ° of distributions of mutual deviation clamp, for minute adjustment diamond tool 4 at axial relative position; Radially spiral dial gauge 15(resolution is 10 μ m) 120 ° of mutual deviations are distributed on matrix 1, by self screw thread, be connected with matrix 1, by regulating the vernier adjustment knob on spiral dial gauge 15 radially, make micrometric screw contact and produce acting force with upper T-shaped slide block 10, promote interconnective upper T shape slide block 10, lower T shape slide block 9 and diamond tool 4 integral body and slide in matrix 1 chute, thereby regulate diamond tool 4 at relative position radially.In order to guarantee that axial screw dial gauge 11 changes with slide block group shift in position radially on matrix 1, the through hole of round mouth fixture 2 is the mobile space that axial screw dial gauge 11 leaves 2mm.When diamond tool 4 has obtained after accurate abrasive particle axial spacing and abrasive particle radial spacing, axial screw dial gauge 11 and round mouth fixture 2 are unloaded from matrix 1.
The present embodiment completes on the accurate digital control jig grinder MK2945C of high efficient grinding engineering center of country of Hunan University, and processing object is BK7 optical glass, and diamond tool 4 is selected Vickers pressure head V-2.Because single grain grinding process of the test is fairly simple, basic without diamond tool is carried out to too much adjustment, and also part operation step is similar to a two abrasive particle grinding test, and in like manner, many abrasive particle grinding action steps are also similar to a two abrasive particle grinding test.
Therefore, the present embodiment selects a two abrasive particle grinding test to explain, and concrete test procedure is as follows:
(1) dynamometer is fixed on platen, vacuum cup is fixed on dynamometer, BK7 optical glass is positioned on vacuum cup and opens vacuum pump and sucks, before two abrasive particle grinding tests, surface of the work is carried out to accurate grinding, to guarantee that workpiece has certain flatness, its surface roughness Ra≤0.3 μ m, and clean the surface of the work after grinding with acetone;
(2) matrix 1 is connected with main shaft connecting link 7, cover upper gasket 6, locking hexagonal nut 5, and main shaft connecting link 7 is arranged on machine tool chief axis;
(3) spring 8 is put into the correspondence position of matrix 1; Upper T shape slide block 10 and lower T shape slide block 9 are put into the chute of matrix 1, and connect with interior hexagonal cylindrical screw 12, guarantee that spring 8 matches with the groove on lower T shape slide block 9 simultaneously;
(4) radially spiral dial gauge 15 is threaded connection on matrix 1, and diamond tool 4 is encased in lower T shape slide block 9, regulates radially spiral dial gauge 15A and radially spiral dial gauge 15B, and abrasive particle initial radial spacing L is set
0, initial radial spacing L
0value as far as possible bigger than normal, to guarantee that two grooves after abrasive particle grinding do not produce interference, this initial radial spacing L
0scale value on the vernier caliper consisting of matrix 1 and upper T shape slide block 10 represents;
(5) set initial radial spacing L
0after, tighten interior hexagonal cylindrical screw 12, upper T shape slide block 10 and lower T shape slide block 9 are fixed in the chute of matrix 1;
(6) round mouth fixture 2 is positioned on matrix 1, and locks with interior hexagonal cylindrical screw 3;
(7) by axial screw dial gauge 11 through round mouth fixture 2, upper T shape slide block 10 and lower T shape slide block 9, locking in hexagonal cylindrical screw 13; By range estimation, regulate axial screw dial gauge 11 that diamond tool 4A and diamond tool 4B are tried one's best near (the top abrasive particle of the diamond tool 4A of take is reference point) in the distance of axial direction, make diamond tool 4A and diamond tool 4B to leave groove at BK7 optical glass surface, there is an axial spacing in diamond tool 4A and diamond tool 4B now, uses D
0represent the stagnant sky of diamond tool 4C;
(8) characterizing method of the required axial spacing of diamond tool 4A and diamond tool 4B is as follows: in step (7) afterwards, round mouth fixture 2 and axial screw dial gauge 11 are unloaded from matrix 1, hexagonal cylindrical screw 14 locking diamond tools 4 in regulating, then carry out two pre-grinding tests of an abrasive particle, obtain two grooves corresponding with diamond tool 4A and diamond tool 4B, be expressed as groove a and groove b, by workpiece as for the degree of depth of measuring groove a and groove b under microscope, obtain an initial depth difference DELTA D, this initial depth difference D
01be the primitive axis of the diamond tool 4A that obtains after initial adjustment axial screw dial gauge 11 and diamond tool 4B to space D
0;
(9) at primitive axis to space D
0situation under, round mouth fixture 2 and axial screw dial gauge 11 are reinstalled on matrix 1, regulate axial screw dial gauge 11 that the axial spacing D of diamond tool 4A and diamond tool 4B is set
1.Analyze theoretically, micro-sword quantity in the same degree of depth of wheel face is more, contour better, will be conducive to that material is efficient to be removed and surface quality is improved; Yet its Abrasive Grain distributes disorderly and unsystematicly in the actual grinding process of emery wheel, its abrasive particle contour is difficult to guarantee, and the micro-sword that is distributed in emery wheel top layer is generally formed by the meticulous finishing of emery wheel.Therefore, can be by axial spacing D between research abrasive particle and abrasive particle
1the affect rule of variation on grinding principle, thereby provide reliable basis for the design of super-abrasive grinding wheel landforms and the crushing in manufacture and grinding process.After adjusting, hexagonal cylindrical screw 14 in locking;
(10) obtaining accurate abrasive particle axial spacing D
1after, more required abrasive particle radial spacing L is set
1; Round mouth fixture 2 and axial screw dial gauge 11 are unloaded from matrix 1, unscrew interior hexagonal cylindrical screw 12, regulate radially spiral dial gauge 15A and radially spiral dial gauge 15B required abrasive particle radial spacing L is set
1, after having arranged, tighten interior hexagonal cylindrical screw 12;
(11) so far, obtaining accurate abrasive particle axial spacing D
1with abrasive particle radial spacing L
1after, whole test unit regulates complete;
Speed of mainshaft n(4500r/min-20000r/min), table feed speed V (12) grinding parameter is set, in process of the test, controllable technological parameter comprises:
w(30mm/min-5000mm/min), grinding depth a
p(regulating resolution is 0.1 μ m); By different grinding process parameterses is set, adopt orthogonal experiment method to go deep into the experimental study of system;
(13) start CNC jig grinding machine MK2945C, device is High Rotation Speed under the effect of machine tool chief axis, diamond tool 4 carries out grinding with the grinding method of vertical shaft grinding at K9 optical glass surface to be measured, thereby produce two in single test, is the arc groove that concentric circles distributes; Under same parameters, under condition, the position of adjusting operating platform in XY face, repeats twice;
(14) if will study different abrasive particle radial spacing L
2l
nwith abrasive particle axial spacing D
2d
neffects on surface forms the impact of mechanism and Material Removal Mechanism, returns to step (9); The good each rear abrasive particle radial spacing L that tested of record
nwith abrasive particle axial spacing D
n, in order to the initial value L as test next time
0and D
0, avoided the repeatedly repetition of step (4)-(8);
(15) gather the grinding force in grinding process, Treatment Analysis data;
(16) after grinding test, collect abrasive dust, and analyze abrasive dust form with super depth-of-field microscope and sem observation;
(17) for the ease of observing groove pattern, BK7 optical glass after grinding is put into supersonic wave cleaning machine to be cleaned with acetone, then the exemplar having cleaned being placed in to 65% strong phosphoric acid corrodes 17 hours, exemplar is cleaned up, finally the test specimen of oven dry is placed on and under super depth-of-field microscope and scanning electron microscope, observes flute surfaces pattern and surface crack;
(18) for the ease of observing the sub-surface crack producing in grinding process, BK7 optical glass after grinding is carried out to grinding and polishing at Nanopoli-100 type nano-polishing machine, BK7 optical glass after polishing is done to similar processing to (17), observe sub-surface crack form and the sub-surface crack degree of depth.
Claims (8)
1. the experimental provision that can control the research of high-precision grinding mechanism, comprise matrix, upper T shape slide block, lower T shape slide block, diamond tool, axial screw dial gauge, spiral dial gauge radially, round mouth fixture, wherein matrix is connected with machine tool chief axis connecting link, and fix by anti-loosing flat gasket and hexagonal nut, the axis of described matrix overlaps with the axis height of machine tool chief axis connecting link, 120 ° of distributions of structure mutual deviation on described matrix, on it, have groove, there is symmetrical line slide rail the both sides of groove end face and bottom surface, motion for upper T shape slide block and lower T shape slide block, groove inner side has the blind hole for mounting spring, and the other end of described spring is connected with the groove on lower T shape slide block, forms small reverse pretightning force, for the balance acting force of spiral dial gauge radially, groove outside has for radially threaded hole and the unthreaded hole of spiral dial gauge are installed, described unthreaded hole outside is a plane, for locating radially spiral dial gauge, described matrix central hole location top is provided with protruding hole, and bottom is provided with shoulder hole, described matrix end face partly indicates scale near groove, corresponding with the scale on upper T shape slide block.
2. the experimental provision of controlling the research of high-precision grinding mechanism as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, upper T shape slide block and lower T shape slide block are relatively arranged in the chute of matrix, by interior hexagonal cylindrical screw, connect, wherein go up T shape slide block centre and have through hole, for being used in conjunction with axial screw dial gauge; Upper T shape slide block upper surface portion indicates scale, corresponding with the scale on matrix end face, forms vernier caliper, and diamond tool can reach 12.5 μ m at the degree of regulation of radial position; The motion of upper T shape slide block on matrix can meet level and smooth movement, without creeping phenomenon, produces.
3. the experimental provision of controlling the research of high-precision grinding mechanism as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, lower T shape slide block center has ladder hole, and upper shoulder hole is for being used in conjunction with axial screw dial gauge, and downstairs hole is for being used in conjunction with diamond tool high-precision gap; Its left side opening is fluted, for being used in conjunction with spring; Its right side has screw thread shoulder hole, for holding screw is installed, fixes diamond tool.
4. the experimental provision of controlling the research of high-precision grinding mechanism as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, upper T shape slide block and lower T shape slide block form a slide block group, this slide block group sliding distance radially on matrix can reach 2mm, is enough to for characterizing the radial spacing between abrasive particle and abrasive particle on emery wheel.
5. the experimental provision of controlling the research of high-precision grinding mechanism as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, the accurate clearance fit of diamond tool and lower T shape slide block, by interior hexagonal cylindrical screw fastening, wherein the layout of diamond tool on matrix adopts arranged in concentric circles method; Can, by rotation diamond tool in the position of lower T shape slide block, select the digging angle of diamond tool in grinding process; By selecting the abrasive particle number on diamond tool, realize more abrasive particle grinding tests.
6. the experimental provision of controlling the research of high-precision grinding mechanism as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, round mouth fixture is positioned on matrix, adjoin T shape slide block, wherein the relative position of round mouth fixture and matrix immobilizes, when upper T shape slide block and lower T shape slide block and diamond tool integral body mobile on chute after, the position of axial screw dial gauge also needs to change thereupon, now round mouth fixture can be realized the elasticity clamping processed of axial screw dial gauge.
7. the experimental provision of controlling the research of high-precision grinding mechanism as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, axial screw dial gauge is through round mouth fixture, an end face on it is placed on T shape slide block, by three interior hexagonal cylindrical screws clamp of 120 ° of distributions of mutual deviation, for minute adjustment diamond tool at axial relative position; Radially 120 ° of spiral dial gauge mutual deviations are distributed on matrix, by self screw thread, be connected with matrix, by regulating the vernier adjustment knob on spiral dial gauge radially, make micrometric screw contact and produce acting force with upper T-shaped slide block, promote interconnective upper T shape slide block, lower T shape slide block and diamond tool integral body and slide in matrix chute, thereby regulate diamond tool at relative position radially.
8. the experimental provision of controlling the research of high-precision grinding mechanism as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, in order to guarantee that axial screw dial gauge changes with slide block group shift in position radially on matrix, the through hole of round mouth fixture is the mobile space that axial screw dial gauge leaves 2mm, when diamond tool has obtained after accurate abrasive particle axial spacing and abrasive particle radial spacing, axial screw dial gauge and round mouth fixture are unloaded from matrix.
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| CN105738281A (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2016-07-06 | 华侨大学 | Single-grain continuous scratching interference behavioral testing method for spherical grinding head pre-maintenance rigid and brittle test piece |
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| CN105738281A (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2016-07-06 | 华侨大学 | Single-grain continuous scratching interference behavioral testing method for spherical grinding head pre-maintenance rigid and brittle test piece |
| CN105699291A (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2016-06-22 | 华侨大学 | Single abrasive particle continuous scratching interference behavior test method using mutual reference method to pre-repair hard and brittle test piece |
| CN105717043A (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2016-06-29 | 华侨大学 | Method for testing continuous scratching interference behavior of single abrasive particles of black metal test piece pre-ground by spherical grinding head |
| CN105699291B (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2018-04-17 | 华侨大学 | The single abrasive particle that a kind of acted as reference mutual method repaiies hard crisp test specimen in advance continuously scratches act of interference test method |
| CN105738233B (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2018-05-25 | 华侨大学 | A kind of high-speed friction test method of microthin coating |
| CN105738234B (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2018-05-25 | 华侨大学 | A kind of pre- high-speed lubrication performance test methods for repairing friction pair |
| CN105738281B (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2018-05-25 | 华侨大学 | The single abrasive particle that a kind of spherical mounted point repaiies hard crisp test specimen in advance continuously scratches act of interference test method |
| CN105717043B (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2018-05-25 | 华侨大学 | The single abrasive particle that a kind of spherical mounted point repaiies ferrous metal test specimen in advance continuously scratches act of interference test method |
| CN105716978B (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2018-05-25 | 华侨大学 | The single abrasive particle that a kind of spherical mounted point repaiies hard crisp test specimen in advance continuously scratches test method |
| CN108225962A (en) * | 2018-02-06 | 2018-06-29 | 华侨大学 | Single abrasive grain pendulum model scratches rig for testing |
| CN108225962B (en) * | 2018-02-06 | 2023-12-29 | 华侨大学 | Single abrasive grain pendulum type scratch test equipment |
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