CN105628534B - A kind of diamond cutter has the high-speed friction test method of non-ferrous metal friction pair in advance - Google Patents
A kind of diamond cutter has the high-speed friction test method of non-ferrous metal friction pair in advance Download PDFInfo
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- CN105628534B CN105628534B CN201610077953.7A CN201610077953A CN105628534B CN 105628534 B CN105628534 B CN 105628534B CN 201610077953 A CN201610077953 A CN 201610077953A CN 105628534 B CN105628534 B CN 105628534B
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/56—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of diamond cutters to have the secondary high-speed friction test method of non-ferrous metal friction in advance, belongs to tribology tester and precise and ultraprecise machining field, by the way that non-ferrous metal frictional disk to be fixed on electro spindle, carries out on-line dynamic balancing to the frictional disk；Then the frictional disk is carried out to repair disk using diamond cutter, end face run-out and roughness requirements needed for reaching test；Then by opposite grinding tool clamping on the fixture for being connected with device for force feedback, carry out the friction testings such as ball-looping test, pin-looping test, frictional disk is with specified revolving speed rotation, opposite grinding tool is contacted with frictional disk and pressure is constant in testing setup value between the two, test terminates to setting time, and measuring system acquires the physical quantitys such as frictional force, acoustic emission signal in the process.The present invention can be realized high-speed friction test.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to tribology tester and precise and ultraprecise machining fields, and in particular to a kind of diamond cutter is repaired in advance
The secondary high-speed friction test method of non-ferrous metal friction.
Background technique
Fretting wear occur high-speed rotating machine, material machining, mechanism move back and forth etc. occasions, coefficient of friction and
Wear course is of great significance for the selection, structure design, the selection of cooling and lubricating mode etc. of part material.Wherein
High-speed friction abrasion has the feature different with general fretting wear again: the inertia that 1. high speed (linear velocity is greater than 15m/s) generates
Power will affect the adhesive ability of lubricating oil, and lubricating oil is squeezed out or thrown away from friction area, causes the increase of coefficient of friction；2. high
Speed friction reduces shearing to increase the material flowing at contact point along with the severe plastic deformation of practical contact point
Resistance, and then reduce coefficient of friction；3. the plastic deformation in high-speed friction at practical contact point result in heat generation and
The rising of temperature increases the chemical affinity interaction between friction pair, to increase coefficient of friction.In view of high-speed friction physics
The complexity of process, high-speed friction abrasion have become the hot issue of current academia's research.
The test of general fretting wear includes the various rubbing methods such as ball disk, pin disk, disk disk, four balls and its associated friction mill
It damages in testing machine, friction is secondary to generate adjustment effect at friction initial stage, and Frotteurism reaches stable after a period of time, into steady
Determine wear stage, the physical quantitys such as apparatus measures friction at this time secondary relative displacement, frictional force calculate coefficient of friction and abrasion
Rate.Test method existing for high-speed friction has the following problems: 1. rub in high speed processes the secondary item for realizing the period of adjustment
Part is more harsh, stable wear stage will not even occurs and directly reach the stage of being seriously worn；2. pair of high-speed friction process
Grinder has serious wear, even if having reached stable wear stage, the geometry of opposite grinding tool, which also has occurred that, significantly to be changed
Become, affects the precision and accuracy of test；It is seriously affected 3. high-speed friction high speed rotates generated huge inertia force
The precision of friction testing.Because of the limitation of the above problem, the maximum speed of existing business friction wear testing machine is horizontal probably
At 5000rpm (frictional disk of diameter 50mm), linear velocity is roughly equal to 7.87m/s, it is difficult to reach the test request of high-speed friction.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention in place of overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of diamond cutter to have coloured gold in advance
Belong to the secondary high-speed friction test method of friction, it is intended to reduce the period of adjustment, using diamond cutter to non-ferrous metal frictional disk into
Row repairs disk online, guarantees friction secondary form accuracy and relative positional accuracy, while increasing the steady of friction process by dynamic balancing
Qualitative, the pressure during the certifiable friction testing of device for force feedback between opposite grinding tool and frictional disk is constant, to realize high speed
Friction testing.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of diamond cutter has the friction testing method of non-ferrous metal friction pair in advance, comprising:
1) non-ferrous metal frictional disk is fixed on electro spindle, frictional disk can be rotated by electro spindle；To the frictional disk into
Row on-line dynamic balancing；
2) frictional disk is carried out to repair disk using diamond single point cutter, it is excellent to form end face run-out amount in friction panel surface
In IT1 grades, surface average roughness Ra repairs disk area better than 5nm's, the specific steps are as follows:
2-1) polycrystalline diamond single-point lathe tool repairs disk: vertical turning mode, and the range of speeds of frictional disk is 2000~
10000rpm, polycrystalline diamond single-point lathe tool is on the outside of frictional disk with 10~50 μm of cutting-in along frictional disk radial feed, feeding
Velocity interval is 0.4~1.2mm/s, and feeding distance is the 1/4~1/2 of friction disk diameter；
2-2) single-crystal diamond single-point lathe tool repairs disk: vertical turning mode, and the range of speeds of frictional disk is 2000~
10000rpm, single-crystal diamond single-point lathe tool is on the outside of frictional disk with 2~10 μm of cutting-in along frictional disk radial feed, feeding speed
Degree range is 0.1~0.3mm/s, and feeding distance is the 1/4~1/2 of friction disk diameter；
3) by opposite grinding tool clamping on the fixture for being connected with device for force feedback；
4) it carries out friction testing: according to the scratching speed v that need to be tested and repairing the test point half in disk area where test point
Diameter R, passes throughCalculate the setting speed n of frictional disk；Frictional disk is rotated according to setting speed n, will be to grinder
Tool moves to right above test point, and moves down and contact with frictional disk, until pressure reaches testing setup between frictional disk and opposite grinding tool
Value carries out friction testing；Guarantee that pressure is held constant between opposite grinding tool and frictional disk by device for force feedback in test process
Testing setup value, while passing through the data during measuring system acquisition scratching.
In one embodiment: the opposite grinding tool is friction ball or friction pin.
In one embodiment: the frictional disk is disc.
In one embodiment: the measuring system is dynamometry and acoustic emission system, dynamometer, sound including the connection of mutual signal
Emission system, data collecting card and signal amplifier；The opposite grinding tool is connected with dynamometer and acoustic emission system.
In one embodiment: the intrinsic frequency of the dynamometer is higher than 4KHz, and dynamometry precision is better than 0.01N.
In one embodiment: the sample rate of the data collecting card is higher than 2M/s.
In one embodiment: in the step 2), the feeding distance of diamond single point cutter is less than frictional disk radius when repairing disk,
The disk area of repairing is circular ring shape.
In addition to being described, the connection type between the single treatment process and each device of each device according to the present invention is equal
For this field routine techniques, it is not described in detail herein.
The technical program compared with the background art, it has the following advantages:
Test method of the invention by dynamic balancing avoid substantially end face run-out in frictional disk high-speed rotation or
Circular runout, to increase the stability of friction process；Meanwhile using single-point diamond Ultraprecision Machining to frictional disk into
Row on-line machining guarantees friction secondary form accuracy and relative positional accuracy, thus ensure that the secondary relative motion precision of friction,
The friction secondary period of adjustment is reduced, abrasion is reduced；Cooperate again device for force feedback guarantee friction testing during opposite grinding tool with rub
The pressure wiped between disk is constant, further ensures the precision and accuracy of test, can be realized high-speed friction test.
Detailed description of the invention
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is test method schematic illustration of the invention.
Fig. 2 repairs disk Principle of Process schematic diagram for of the invention.
Fig. 3 is the comparison of frictional disk three-dimensional surface shape before and after repairing disk in the embodiment of the present invention 1, and wherein Fig. 3 a is before repairing disk
(processing through conventional smart car technique), Fig. 3 b are after repairing disk.
Fig. 4 is the comparison of frictional disk surface end face jerk value before and after repairing disk in the embodiment of the present invention 1, and wherein Fig. 4 a is to repair disk
Before (through conventional smart car technique process), end face run-out amount maximum value is up to 17.7 μm；Fig. 4 b is end face run-out amount after repairing disk
Maximum value is 2.9 μm.
Fig. 5 is friction coefficient curve obtained in the embodiment of the present invention 2, and wherein abscissa is fraction time, and ordinate is
Coefficient of friction.
Fig. 6 is friction coefficient curve obtained in comparative example of the present invention, and wherein abscissa is fraction time, and ordinate is to rub
Wipe coefficient.
Appended drawing reference: frictional disk 1, friction ball 2 repair disk area 3, fixture 4, device for force feedback 5, diamond bit, and 6.
Specific embodiment
The contents of the present invention are illustrated below by embodiment:
Embodiment 1
A kind of diamond cutter has the high-speed friction test method of non-ferrous metal friction pair in advance, and used device includes:
Lathe, disc non-ferrous metal frictional disk 1 is installed on the electro spindle of lathe, and frictional disk 1 can pass through electro spindle
Rotation；
Dynamic balance instrument, for carrying out on-line dynamic balancing to frictional disk 1；
Diamond single point cutter is diamond bit 6, specifically polycrystalline diamond (PCD) single-point lathe tool and single crystal diamond
Stone (ND) single-point lathe tool, for carrying out repairing disk to 1 end face of frictional disk；The diamond bit 6 is dismantledly installed in bracket, and
Lathe is movably installed in by bracket；
Opposite grinding tool is friction ball or friction pin, and clamping is on the fixture 4 for being connected with device for force feedback 5；The fixture 4 can fill
It is installed in bracket with tearing open, and lathe is movably installed in by bracket；Opposite grinding tool can rubbed by fixture 4 and bracket
The axial direction and move in the radial direction that disk 1 rotates, and in the positioning accuracy of both direction, the higher the better, preferable over 0.1 μ
m；The device for force feedback 5 be pressure-Displacement Feedback regulating device, can by detection opposite grinding tool and frictional disk 1 between pressure change,
Feedback the height of opposite grinding tool in the axial direction is finely adjusted by fixture 4, to guarantee opposite grinding tool and friction
1 pressure of disk can be kept constant；
Measuring system is dynamometry and acoustic emission system, dynamometer, acoustic emission system, data including the connection of mutual signal
Capture card and signal amplifier；The opposite grinding tool is connected with dynamometer and acoustic emission system；Data collecting card signal connection meter
Calculation machine；The intrinsic frequency of dynamometer is higher than 4KHz, and dynamometry precision is better than 0.01N；The sample rate of the data collecting card is higher than
2M/s。
The specific test method is as follows:
1) the aluminum alloy round dish type frictional disk 1 of diameter 400mm, thickness 20mm are fixed with modes such as the mechanical clamps such as screw
On the electro spindle of lathe, frictional disk 1 can be rotated by electro spindle；On-line dynamic balancing is carried out to the frictional disk 1 with dynamic balance instrument,
To reduce the vibration of frictional disk 1 when rotating at high speed, to guarantee that opposite grinding tool and frictional disk 1 can steadily connect during scratching
Touching；
2) frictional disk 1 is carried out repairing disk using diamond bit 6, first repairs disk with polycrystalline diamond single-point lathe tool, then use
Single-crystal diamond single-point lathe tool repairs disk, forms 3 μm of end face run-out amount on 1 surface of frictional disk, surface average roughness Ra 4nm's
Circular ring shape repairs disk area 3, to reduce by 1 end face run-out amount of frictional disk, improves surface quality, is further ensured that opposite grinding during scratching
Tool and frictional disk 1 can be contacted steadily, specific steps are as follows:
2-1) polycrystalline diamond single-point lathe tool repairs disk: the close turning mode of vertical superfinishing, and the revolving speed of frictional disk 1 is 3000rpm,
Polycrystalline diamond single-point lathe tool from the outside of frictional disk 1 with 10 μm of cutting-in along 1 radial feed of frictional disk, feed speed range is
0.4~1.2mm/s, feeding distance 160mm；
2-2) single-crystal diamond single-point lathe tool repairs disk: the close turning mode of vertical superfinishing, and the revolving speed of frictional disk 1 is 3000rpm,
Single-crystal diamond single-point lathe tool from the outside of frictional disk 1 with 2 μm of cutting-in along 1 radial feed of frictional disk, feed speed range is 0.1
~0.3mm/s, feeding distance 160mm；
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are shown in the comparison for repairing disk front and back 1 three-dimensional surface shape of frictional disk and end face run-out amount respectively；
3) by opposite grinding tool clamping on the fixture 4 for being connected with device for force feedback 5；Among the present embodiment, opposite grinding tool is straight
The aluminium oxide ceramics friction ball 2 of diameter 4mm；
4) it carries out ball-disk friction testing: according to the scratching speed v that need to be tested and repairing the test in disk area where test point
Point radius R, passes throughCalculate the setting speed n of frictional disk 1；Among the present embodiment, R=50mm, scratching
Speed v=15.7m/s, n=3000rpm；Frictional disk 1 is rotated according to above-mentioned setting speed n, and opposite grinding tool is moved to test point
Surface, and move down and contacted with frictional disk 1, until pressure reaches testing setup value 1N between frictional disk 1 and opposite grinding tool, rub
Wipe test；It is micro- to position progress of the fixture 4 on the axial direction that frictional disk 1 rotates by device for force feedback 5 in test process
It adjusts, to guarantee that pressure remains the constant survey in 1N, test by being connected with friction ball 2 between friction ball 2 and frictional disk 1
Measure the data during system acquisition scratching, and data collecting card be transmitted to by signal amplifier, then be transmitted to computer into
Row calculates, and the physical quantitys such as frictional force, acoustic emission signal can be obtained；The ratio of frictional force and constant contact pressure 1N are friction system
Number, can be calculated by friction value.
Embodiment 2
1) modes such as the mechanical clamps such as the oxygen-free copper disc frictional disk screw of diameter 400mm are fixed on to the electricity of lathe
On main shaft, frictional disk can be rotated by electro spindle；On-line dynamic balancing is carried out to the frictional disk with dynamic balance instrument, to reduce frictional disk
Vibration when rotating at high speed, to guarantee that opposite grinding tool and frictional disk can be contacted steadily during scratching；
2) frictional disk is carried out to repair disk using diamond bit, first repairs disk with polycrystalline diamond single-point lathe tool, then with singly
Diamond single-point lathe tool repairs disk, forms end face run-out amount in friction panel surface and is better than IT1 grades, surface average roughness Ra is better than
The circular ring shape of 5nm repairs disk area, to reduce frictional disk end face run-out amount, improves surface quality, is further ensured that during scratching
Opposite grinding tool and frictional disk can be contacted steadily, specific steps are as follows:
2-1) polycrystalline diamond single-point lathe tool repairs disk: the close turning mode of vertical superfinishing, and the revolving speed of frictional disk is 6000rpm,
Polycrystalline diamond single-point lathe tool on the outside of the frictional disk with 15 μm of cutting-in along frictional disk radial feed, feed speed range is 0.4
~1.2 mm/s, feeding distance 120mm；
2-2) single-crystal diamond single-point lathe tool repairs disk: the close turning mode of vertical superfinishing, and the revolving speed of frictional disk is 6000rpm,
Single-crystal diamond single-point lathe tool on the outside of the frictional disk with 5 μm of cutting-in along frictional disk radial feed, feed speed range is 0.1~
0.3 mm/s, feeding distance 120mm；
3) by opposite grinding tool clamping on the fixture for being connected with device for force feedback；Among the present embodiment, opposite grinding tool is diameter
The non-coated carbides friction ball of the P30 of 4mm；
4) it carries out ball-disk friction testing: according to the scratching speed v that need to be tested and repairing the test in disk area where test point
Point radius R, passes throughCalculate the setting speed n of frictional disk；Among the present embodiment, R=101.9mm is drawn
Wipe speed v=64m/s, n=6000rpm；Frictional disk is rotated according to above-mentioned setting speed n, and opposite grinding tool is being moved to test point just
Top, and move down and contacted with frictional disk, until pressure reaches testing setup value 1N between frictional disk and opposite grinding tool, carry out dry friction
Test；Position of the fixture on the axial direction of friction disc spins is finely adjusted by device for force feedback in test process, with
Guarantee that pressure remains the constant measuring system acquisition in 1N, test by being connected with friction ball between friction ball and frictional disk
Data during scratching, and data collecting card is transmitted to by signal amplifier, then be transmitted to computer and calculated, it can obtain
To physical quantitys such as frictional force, acoustic emission signals；The ratio of frictional force and constant contact pressure 1N are coefficient of friction, can pass through friction
Power numerical value is calculated.
The friction coefficient curve that the present embodiment obtains is as shown in Figure 5.
Comparative example
This comparative example and the institute of embodiment 2 the difference is that, frictional disk is not carried out to repair disk before carrying out friction testing.Remaining
Equipment, parameter, method equivalent integers 2.
As a result as shown in fig. 6, not repaired disk in this comparative example in advance, the contact of friction ball and the frictional disk of opposite grinding is stablized
Property it is insufficient, the stability of coefficient of friction is poor, and instantaneous friction velocity is even more than 1；And pre- repair is carried out in Fig. 5 in embodiment 2
After disk, the frictional disk of friction ball and opposite grinding enters steady contact state quickly, and the stability of coefficient of friction is good, and test result is more
Accurately, the feedback response speed of the instruments such as force snesor requires to significantly reduce during the friction testing after repairing disk in advance, is easy drop
Low instrument cost and reach the higher coefficient of sliding friction.
As needed, opposite grinding tool can be friction ball or friction pin, correspondingly carry out be ball-disk friction testing or
Pin-disk friction testing.
As needed, the parameter for repairing disk adjust in the following range and carry out it is one or many repair disk, can friction dish cart
Face forms end face run-out amount and is better than IT1 grades, and surface average roughness Ra repairs disk area better than 5nm's:
2-1) polycrystalline diamond single-point lathe tool repairs disk: vertical turning mode, and the range of speeds of frictional disk is 2000~
10000rpm, polycrystalline diamond single-point lathe tool is on the outside of frictional disk with 10~50 μm of cutting-in along frictional disk radial feed, feeding
Velocity interval is 0.4~1.2mm/s, and feeding distance is the 1/4~1/2 of friction disk diameter；
2-2) single-crystal diamond single-point lathe tool repairs disk: vertical turning mode, and the range of speeds of frictional disk is 2000~
10000rpm, single-crystal diamond single-point lathe tool is on the outside of frictional disk with 2~10 μm of cutting-in along frictional disk radial feed, feeding speed
Degree range is 0.1~0.3mm/s, and feeding distance is the 1/4~1/2 of friction disk diameter.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the range implemented of the present invention that therefore, it cannot be limited according to, i.e., according to
Equivalent changes and modifications made by the invention patent range and description, should still be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of diamond cutter has the secondary friction testing method of non-ferrous metal friction in advance, it is characterised in that: include:
1) non-ferrous metal frictional disk is fixed on electro spindle, frictional disk can be rotated by electro spindle；The frictional disk is carried out
Line dynamic balancing；
2) frictional disk is carried out to repair disk using diamond single point cutter, is better than with forming end face run-out amount in friction panel surface
IT1 grades, surface average roughness Ra repairs disk area better than 5nm's, the specific steps are as follows:
2-1) polycrystalline diamond single-point lathe tool repairs disk: vertical turning mode, and the range of speeds of frictional disk is 2000~10000rpm,
Polycrystalline diamond single-point lathe tool on the outside of the frictional disk with 10~50 μm of cutting-in along frictional disk radial feed, feed speed range is
0.4~1.2mm/s, feeding distance are the 1/4~1/2 of friction disk diameter；
2-2) single-crystal diamond single-point lathe tool repairs disk: vertical turning mode, and the range of speeds of frictional disk is 2000~10000rpm,
Single-crystal diamond single-point lathe tool on the outside of the frictional disk with 2~10 μm of cutting-in along frictional disk radial feed, feed speed range is
0.1~0.3mm/s, feeding distance are the 1/4~1/2 of friction disk diameter；
3) by opposite grinding tool clamping on the fixture for being connected with device for force feedback；
4) it carries out friction testing: according to the scratching speed v that need to be tested and repairing the test point radius R in disk area where test point,
Pass throughCalculate the setting speed n of frictional disk；Frictional disk is rotated according to setting speed n, and opposite grinding tool is moved
Right above to test point, and moves down and contacted with frictional disk, until pressure reaches testing setup value between frictional disk and opposite grinding tool, into
Row friction testing；Test is held constant at by pressure between device for force feedback guarantee opposite grinding tool and frictional disk in test process to set
Definite value, while passing through the data during measuring system acquisition scratching；The measuring system includes dynamometer, the dynamometer
Intrinsic frequency is higher than 4KHz, and dynamometry precision is better than 0.01N.
2. a kind of diamond cutter according to claim 1 has the secondary friction testing method of non-ferrous metal friction in advance, special
Sign is: the opposite grinding tool is friction ball or friction pin.
3. a kind of diamond cutter according to claim 1 has the secondary friction testing method of non-ferrous metal friction in advance, special
Sign is: the frictional disk is disc.
4. a kind of diamond cutter according to claim 1 has the secondary friction testing method of non-ferrous metal friction in advance, special
Sign is: the measuring system is dynamometry and acoustic emission system, the dynamometer, sound emission system including the connection of mutual signal
System, data collecting card and signal amplifier；The opposite grinding tool is connected with dynamometer and acoustic emission system.
5. a kind of diamond cutter according to claim 4 has the secondary friction testing method of non-ferrous metal friction in advance, special
Sign is: the sample rate of the data collecting card is higher than 2M/s.
6. a kind of diamond cutter according to claim 2 has the secondary friction testing method of non-ferrous metal friction in advance, special
Sign is: in the step 2), the feeding distance of diamond single point cutter is less than frictional disk radius when repairing disk, described to repair disk area
For circular ring shape.
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| CN109187330B (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2020-11-17 | 西安理工大学 | Method for measuring friction coefficient under variable working condition |
| CN111780972A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-10-16 | 青岛理工大学 | Device for measuring friction force and film thickness of lubricating oil film under surface speed difference |
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