CN109187330B - Method for measuring friction coefficient under variable working condition - Google Patents
Method for measuring friction coefficient under variable working condition Download PDFInfo
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- CN109187330B CN109187330B CN201810902815.7A CN201810902815A CN109187330B CN 109187330 B CN109187330 B CN 109187330B CN 201810902815 A CN201810902815 A CN 201810902815A CN 109187330 B CN109187330 B CN 109187330B
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- G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods
- G01N19/02—Measuring coefficient of friction between materials
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring a friction coefficient under a variable working condition, which comprises the following steps: 1) respectively manufacturing two friction materials into a friction disc and a friction head; 2) the positive pressure of the friction head and the friction disc is adjusted by rotating the stressing screw rod, so that the friction coefficients of the friction head and the friction disc under different pressure conditions are obtained; 3) the transverse position of the lower sliding table is adjusted through the lead screw, and the radial positions of the friction heads on the friction disc are different, so that different friction speeds are formed, and friction coefficients under different speed conditions are obtained; 4) adding different lubricating media to the contact surface of the friction head and the friction disc to obtain friction coefficients under different lubricating medium conditions; 5) the friction coefficient under the conditions of different friction pairing materials, lubricating media, different speeds and different pressures can be obtained by singly or in combination changing the friction pairing materials, the lubricating media, the rotating speed and the pressures. The method has the advantages of convenient operation, wide measurement range and accurate numerical value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of detection equipment, and relates to a method for measuring a friction coefficient under a variable working condition.
Background
The friction coefficient is an important parameter for calculating the friction force, and can be greatly changed along with the difference of friction pairing materials, media, speed and the like, and the friction coefficient is usually determined through experiments, so that the establishment of the device capable of quickly testing the friction coefficient under the variable working conditions of different speeds, friction pairing materials, media and the like has important significance.
The traditional friction coefficient measuring equipment adopts an inclined plane slideway, and the friction coefficient between a test piece and the slideway is measured by changing the inclination angle of the slideway to enable the test piece to slide down at different speeds. The sliding speed and pressure of the method are difficult to adjust in a large range, and the method brings difficulty for researching the relation between the friction coefficient and parameters such as speed, friction pairing materials, media and the like. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a friction coefficient detecting device capable of adapting to different friction pairing materials, different pressures, speeds, lubricating media and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for measuring a friction coefficient under a variable working condition, which solves the problems that the friction coefficient measuring mode in the prior art is single, the relative friction speed and pressure are difficult to effectively adjust, and the adaptability is poor.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that a method for measuring the friction coefficient under the condition of variable working conditions is implemented by utilizing a device for measuring the friction coefficient under the condition of variable working conditions according to the following steps:
step 1) manufacturing one friction material into a friction disc, and manufacturing the other friction material into a friction head;
step 2), starting the motor, rotating the friction disc, and not rotating the friction head; in the rotation process of the friction disc, a stress application screw is screwed forwards, the front end of the stress application screw tightly pushes a loading baffle through a first steel ball, a first cushion block, a normal force sensor and a first positioning block, and the loading baffle drives an upper sliding table and a friction head to be tightly contacted with the friction disc forwards, namely the friction head is contacted with the friction disc to generate positive pressure; adjusting the positive pressure of the friction head and the friction disc by rotating the stressing screw, reading the value of the normal force sensor, wherein the value is the positive pressure of the friction head against the friction disc, and obtaining the friction coefficient of the friction head and the friction disc under different pressure conditions by utilizing a friction coefficient calculation formula;
step 3) keeping the rotating speed of the motor unchanged, adjusting the transverse position of the lower sliding table through the lead screw to enable the friction head and the rotation center of the friction disc to generate an eccentric distance, forming different friction speeds due to different radial positions of the friction head on the friction disc, reading the friction force generated by the friction head and the friction disc through a tangential force sensor, and combining a conversion of a lever principle and a friction coefficient calculation formula to obtain friction coefficients under different speed conditions;
step 4) adding different lubricating media to the contact surface of the friction head and the friction disc to obtain friction coefficients under different lubricating medium conditions;
and 5) changing the friction pairing material, the lubricating medium, the rotating speed and the pressure singly or in combination on the basis of the steps 1) to 4), measuring a positive pressure value acting on the surface of the friction disc through a normal force sensor, calculating an actual friction force through reading of a tangential force sensor and a lever principle, and obtaining friction coefficients between the friction head and the friction disc under the conditions of different friction pairing materials, lubricating media, different speeds and different pressures through a calculation formula of the friction coefficients.
The friction disc has the beneficial effects that one friction material is made into a friction disc, and the other friction material is made into a cylindrical friction head with a smaller size; the friction disc is driven to rotate, the friction head is pressed against and contacted with the friction disc to generate friction force, the contact pressure between the friction head and the friction disc can be freely adjusted, when the rotation speed of the friction disc is fixed, the relative friction speeds of the friction disc are different due to different position radiuses of the friction disc where the friction head is located, and therefore the friction speed can be freely adjusted through different radial positions of the friction head on the friction disc; when the speed of the motor is adjusted, the relative friction speed can reach a wide adjusting range. The friction, pressure, speed can be measured by different sensors. In addition, different lubricating media can be added between the friction head and the friction disc to obtain friction coefficients of different friction pairing materials, lubricating media, different speeds and different pressures, and a convenient and effective detection way is provided for solving the problem of friction coefficient measurement under variable working conditions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a measuring apparatus used in the measuring method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a partial structure of a measuring apparatus used in the measuring method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a friction force measurement calculation schematic.
In the figure, 1 is a stress application screw, 2 is a screw support, 3 is a steel ball I, 4 is a cushion block I, 5 is a normal force sensor, 6 is a positioning block I, 7 is a loading baffle, 8 is a rotary support, 9 is a rotary shaft, 10 is a swing shaft, 11 is a sliding sleeve, 12 is a steel ball II, 13 is a cushion block II, 14 is a tangential force sensor, 15 is a positioning block II, 16 is a friction head, 17 is a friction disc, 18 is a friction disc connecting piece, 19 is a friction disc shaft, 20 is a positioning sleeve, 21 is a locking nut, 22 is a coupling, 23 is a box body, 24 is a motor, 25 is an upper sliding table, 26 is an upper guide rail pair, 27 is a lower sliding table, 28 is a lower guide rail pair, 29 is a bottom plate, 30 is a lead screw, and 31 is a screw nut.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
In the following text description, the relationship between the upper, lower, left and right positions is based on that shown in fig. 1, and so on. The left-right direction in fig. 2 is the X direction, and the up-down direction is the Y direction.
Referring to fig. 1, the measuring device adopted by the method of the invention has the structure that the measuring device comprises a box body 23 and a lower sliding table 27, the box body 23 is fixedly arranged on the left side of the upper surface of a bottom plate 29, the lower surface of the lower sliding table 27 is slidably arranged on two long bosses on the right side of the upper surface of the bottom plate 29 through a pair of lower guide rail pairs 28, and a screw mechanism is arranged between the lower sliding table 27 and the bottom plate 29;
a motor 24 is fixedly arranged on a left vertical plate of the box body 23, a positioning sleeve 20 is fixedly arranged on a right vertical plate of the box body 23, and a transmission shaft of the motor 24 is coaxially arranged with the positioning sleeve 20; a friction disc shaft 19 is sleeved in the inner cavity of the positioning sleeve 20 through two groups of bearings, a friction disc connecting piece 18 is fixedly installed at the right end of the friction disc shaft 19, a friction disc 17 is installed on the right end face of the friction disc connecting piece 18, and the friction disc 17 can be detached; the left end of the friction disc shaft 19 is integrally connected with a transmission shaft of a motor 24 through a locking nut 21 and a coupler 22, and the locking nut 21 realizes axial fastening of the friction disc shaft 19; a transmission shaft of a motor 24 drives the friction disc 17 to rotate through a coupler 22, a friction disc shaft 19 and a friction disc connecting piece 18;
a screw rod support 2 is fixedly arranged on the right side of the upper surface of the lower sliding table 27, a stress application screw rod 1 is arranged in the screw rod support 2 along the axial direction, a pair of upper guide rail pairs 26 in the axial direction (X direction or left-right direction) is arranged on the left side of the upper surface of the lower sliding table 27, and an upper sliding table 25 is arranged in the pair of upper guide rail pairs 26 in a sliding manner; a loading baffle 7 is fixed on the right side of the top surface of the upper sliding table 25; the boosting screw rod 1 is in abutting contact with the loading baffle 7 sequentially through the first steel ball 3, the first cushion block 4, the normal force sensor 5 and the first positioning block 6, the upper sliding table 25 is pushed to move along the X direction (left and right directions or axial direction), and the abutting driving force of the boosting screw rod 1 is measured in real time through the normal force sensor 5, wherein the boosting screw rod 1, the first steel ball 3, the first cushion block 4, the normal force sensor 5 and the first positioning block 6 are located on the same axis;
referring to fig. 2, a pair of rotary supports 8 is fixed in the middle of the top surface of the upper sliding table 25, a transverse rotary shaft 9 is sleeved in the pair of rotary supports 8, the rotary shaft 9 can rotate in the rotary supports 8, the rotary shaft 9 is fixedly connected with the right end of a swing shaft 10, and the swing shaft 10 is perpendicular to the rotary shaft 9; a friction head 16 is fixedly arranged at the left end of the pendulum shaft 10, and the axis of the friction head 16 is coaxial with the axis of the pendulum shaft 10; a sliding sleeve 11 is sleeved on the circumference of the middle section of the swing shaft 10, and the lower part of the sliding sleeve 11 is supported on the upper sliding table 25 through a second steel ball 12, a second cushion block 13, a tangential force sensor 14 and a second positioning block 15 in sequence; during the measurement, the stressing screw rod 1 needs to be kept coaxial with the pendulum shaft 10, and the pendulum shaft 10 is perpendicular to the surface of the friction disc 17.
The stressing screw rod 1 pushes the upper sliding table 25 to move left and right along the X direction through the loading baffle 7, so that the swing shaft 10 is driven to move along the X direction, and the friction head 16 is tightly contacted with the friction disc 17; the positive pressure exerted by the forcing screw 1 is measured by the normal force sensor 5 and the resulting friction force is measured by the tangential force sensor 14.
Referring to fig. 2, the screw mechanism includes a screw 30 and a nut 31, the screw 30 is in threaded transmission connection with the nut 31, the screw 30 is disposed on the bottom plate 29 through two mounting seats, and the nut 31 is fixed on the bottom surface of the lower sliding table 27.
The screw rod 30 is rotated, the lower sliding table 27 is driven by the nut 31 to transversely move along the bottom plate 29, so that the friction head 16 moves along the Y direction, the stepless speed regulation of the friction speed between the friction head 16 and the friction disc 17 under the condition that the rotating speed of the friction disc 17 is unchanged is realized, and the test and control are convenient.
As can be seen from the above, the friction head 16 is supported by a lever structure, the friction head 16 realizes the movement in the X direction and the Y direction through the upper sliding table 25 and the lower sliding table 27, and the pressure is changed by the drive in the X direction; the radial position, and thus the friction speed, is changed by the Y-direction drive.
The measuring method of the present invention, using the above-described measuring apparatus, operates according to the following steps:
step 1) one friction material is made into a friction disc 17, and the other friction material is made into a smaller-sized cylindrical friction head 16;
step 2) starting the motor 24, rotating the friction disc 17, and not rotating the friction head 16; in the rotation process of the friction disc 17, the stressing screw rod 1 is screwed forwards, the front end of the stressing screw rod 1 tightly pushes the loading baffle 7 through the first steel ball 3, the first cushion block 4, the normal force sensor 5 and the first positioning block 6, and the loading baffle 7 drives the upper sliding table 25 and the friction head 16 to be in tight contact with the friction disc 17 forwards, namely the friction head 16 is in contact with the friction disc 17 to generate positive pressure (contact pressure); the positive pressure of the friction head 16 and the friction disc 17 is adjusted by rotating the stress application screw 1, the value of the normal force sensor 5 is read, the value is the positive pressure of the friction head 16 against the friction disc 17, and the friction coefficient of the friction head 16 and the friction disc 17 under different pressure conditions is obtained by utilizing a friction coefficient calculation formula;
step 3) keeping the rotating speed of the motor 24 unchanged, adjusting the transverse position of the lower sliding table 27 through the lead screw 30 to enable the friction head 16 and the rotation center of the friction disc 17 to generate an eccentric distance, forming different friction speeds due to different radial positions of the friction head 16 on the friction disc 17, reading the friction force generated by the friction head 16 and the friction disc 17 through the tangential force sensor 14, and combining the conversion of the lever principle and a friction coefficient calculation formula to obtain friction coefficients under different speed conditions;
the rotational speed of the motor 24 is continuously adjusted to achieve a wider range of relative friction speeds between the friction head 16 and the friction disc 17.
Step 4) adding different lubricating media to the contact surface of the friction head 16 and the friction disc 17 to obtain friction coefficients under different lubricating medium conditions;
and step 5) changing the friction pairing material, the lubricating medium, the rotating speed and the pressure singly or in combination on the basis of the steps 1) to 4), measuring a positive pressure value acting on the surface of the friction disc 17 through the normal force sensor 5, calculating the actual friction force through the reading of the tangential force sensor 14 and the lever principle, and obtaining the friction coefficients between the friction head 16 and the friction disc 17 under the conditions of different friction pairing materials, lubricating media, different speeds and different pressures through a calculation formula of the friction coefficients.
Referring to fig. 3, the friction force f is represented by the formula f ═ f1×l1Solving for where f is friction, f1For the tangential force sensor 14 reading,/, is the distance from the centre of rotation of the balance staff 10 to the surface of the friction disc 17,/1Is the distance from the centre of rotation of the balance staff 10 to the axis of the tangential force sensor 14.
The normal force sensor 5 measures the positive pressure N, and the friction coefficient μ is solved by the formula μ ═ f/N.
Claims (1)
1. A friction coefficient measuring method under a variable working condition utilizes a friction coefficient measuring device under the variable working condition, and the friction coefficient measuring device under the variable working condition structurally comprises a box body (23) and a lower sliding table (27), wherein the box body (23) is fixedly arranged on the left side of the upper surface of a bottom plate (29), the lower surface of the lower sliding table (27) is slidably arranged on two long bosses on the right side of the upper surface of the bottom plate (29) through a pair of lower guide rail pairs (28), and a screw mechanism is arranged between the lower sliding table (27) and the bottom plate (29);
a motor (24) is fixedly installed on a left vertical plate of the box body (23), a positioning sleeve (20) is fixedly installed on a right vertical plate of the box body (23), a friction disc shaft (19) is sleeved in an inner cavity of the positioning sleeve (20) through two groups of bearings, a friction disc connecting piece (18) is fixedly installed at the right end head of the friction disc shaft (19), and a friction disc (17) is installed on the right end face of the friction disc connecting piece (18); the left end of the friction disc shaft (19) is integrally connected with a transmission shaft of a motor (24) through a locking nut (21) and a coupler (22);
a screw rod support (2) is fixedly arranged on the right side of the upper surface of the lower sliding table (27), a stress application screw rod (1) is arranged in the screw rod support (2) along the axial direction, a pair of axial upper guide rail pairs (26) is arranged on the left side of the upper surface of the lower sliding table (27), and an upper sliding table (25) is arranged in the pair of upper guide rail pairs (26) in a sliding manner; a loading baffle (7) is fixed on the right side of the top surface of the upper sliding table (25); the stress application screw (1) is in abutting contact with the loading baffle (7) sequentially through a steel ball I (3), a cushion block I (4), a normal force sensor (5) and a positioning block I (6);
a pair of rotary supports (8) is fixed in the middle of the top surface of the upper sliding table (25), a transverse rotary shaft (9) is sleeved in the pair of rotary supports (8), and the rotary shaft (9) is fixedly connected with the right end of the swing shaft (10); a friction head (16) is fixedly arranged at the left end of the swing shaft (10); a sliding sleeve (11) is sleeved on the circumference of the middle section of the swing shaft (10), and the lower part of the sliding sleeve (11) is supported on the upper sliding table (25) through a second steel ball (12), a second cushion block (13), a tangential force sensor (14) and a second positioning block (15) in sequence;
the screw mechanism comprises a screw (30) and a nut (31), the screw (30) is in threaded transmission connection with the nut (31), the screw (30) is arranged on the bottom plate (29) through two mounting seats, the nut (31) is fixed on the bottom surface of the lower sliding table (27),
the method is characterized in that by utilizing the friction coefficient measuring device under the variable working condition, the method is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1) manufacturing one friction material into a friction disc (17), and manufacturing the other friction material into a friction head (16);
step 2), starting the motor (24), rotating the friction disc (17), and not rotating the friction head (16); in the rotation process of the friction disc (17), the stress application screw (1) is screwed forwards, the front end of the stress application screw (1) tightly pushes the loading baffle (7) through the first steel ball (3), the first cushion block (4), the normal force sensor (5) and the first positioning block (6), and the loading baffle (7) drives the upper sliding table (25) and the friction head (16) to be tightly contacted with the friction disc (17) forwards, namely the friction head (16) is contacted with the friction disc (17) to generate positive pressure; the positive pressure of the friction head (16) and the friction disc (17) is adjusted by rotating the stress application screw (1), the numerical value of the normal force sensor (5) is read, the numerical value is the positive pressure of the friction head (16) against the friction disc (17), and the friction coefficient of the friction head (16) and the friction disc (17) under different pressure conditions is obtained by utilizing a friction coefficient calculation formula;
step 3) keeping the rotating speed of the motor (24) unchanged, adjusting the transverse position of the lower sliding table (27) through the lead screw (30) to enable the rotation centers of the friction head (16) and the friction disc (17) to generate an eccentric distance, forming different friction speeds due to different radial positions of the friction head (16) on the friction disc (17), reading the friction force generated by the friction head (16) and the friction disc (17) through the tangential force sensor (14), and combining the conversion of a lever principle and a friction coefficient calculation formula to obtain friction coefficients under different speed conditions;
step 4), adding different lubricating media to the contact surface of the friction head (16) and the friction disc (17) to obtain friction coefficients under different lubricating medium conditions;
and step 5) changing the friction pairing material, the lubricating medium, the rotating speed and the pressure through single or combined change on the basis of the steps 1) to 4), measuring a positive pressure value acting on the surface of the friction disc (17) through the normal force sensor (5), calculating an actual friction force through reading of the tangential force sensor (14) and a lever principle, and obtaining friction coefficients under different friction pairing materials, lubricating media, different speeds and different pressure conditions between the friction head (16) and the friction disc (17) through a calculation formula of the friction coefficients.
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| CN112179841A (en) * | 2020-10-04 | 2021-01-05 | 西北工业大学 | Collision friction test device and method capable of simulating vacuum microgravity environment |
| CN113418860B (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2023-08-25 | 法士特伊顿(西安)动力传动系统有限责任公司 | Mechanism for measuring friction force/friction coefficient and measuring method thereof |
| CN115831296B (en) * | 2023-02-21 | 2023-05-05 | 北京特思迪半导体设备有限公司 | Calculation method and application of uncertainty of friction coefficient of material |
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| JPH08233714A (en) * | 1995-02-27 | 1996-09-13 | Nec Corp | Method and equipment for evaluating durability of magnetic disc |
| JP3636856B2 (en) * | 1997-03-06 | 2005-04-06 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | Elastic body wear test method |
| CN201034896Y (en) * | 2007-04-05 | 2008-03-12 | 张国珍 | Frictional wear tester |
| CN101832898B (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2012-05-23 | 安徽工业大学 | Horizontal end face frictional wear tester |
| CN202066765U (en) * | 2011-05-04 | 2011-12-07 | 西安工程大学 | Simple pin-on-disk composite material small sample abrasion test device |
| WO2014179537A1 (en) * | 2013-05-03 | 2014-11-06 | Shell Oil Company | Methods of friction testing lubricants |
| CN103528738B (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2015-04-15 | 清华大学 | Friction force measuring method |
| CN103868812B (en) * | 2014-03-19 | 2015-11-18 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of variable load rolling friction abrasion machine |
| CN104132886B (en) * | 2014-05-12 | 2017-08-11 | 上海大学 | Precision bearing ball and the testing device for friction coefficient in retainer pocket hole |
| CN105738276B (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2018-08-10 | 华侨大学 | It is a kind of pre- to repair the secondary high-speed lubrication performance aircraft of friction and its application |
| CN105628534B (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2019-01-25 | 华侨大学 | A kind of diamond cutter has the high-speed friction test method of non-ferrous metal friction pair in advance |
| CN105547996B (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2019-01-01 | 华侨大学 | It is a kind of pre- to repair the secondary high-speed friction testing machine of friction and its application |
| CN206725372U (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-12-08 | 南京理工大学泰州科技学院 | One bulb disk-type friction testing machine |
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