WO2023004911A1

WO2023004911A1 - Self-aligning rolling bearing performance testing apparatus and rigidity testing method

Info

Publication number: WO2023004911A1
Application number: PCT/CN2021/114675
Authority: WO
Inventors: 燕敬祥; 温保岗; 燕修磊; 冯冰; 王美令; 韩清凯
Original assignee: 山东凯美瑞轴承科技有限公司; 山东省修涵检验检测有限公司; 大连工业大学
Priority date: 2021-07-29
Filing date: 2021-08-26
Publication date: 2023-02-02
Also published as: CN113532857A

Abstract

A self-aligning rolling bearing performance testing apparatus and a rigidity testing method. A main shaft system (2) comprises a stepped main shaft (21), and a drive system (1) drives the stepped main shaft (21) to rotate. A tested bearing system (3) comprises a tested bearing (31), a bearing seat body (32), and a bearing outer race end cap (34). The bottom of the bearing seat body (32) is hinged to a vertical U-shaped member (57), the vertical U-shaped member (57) being connected to a radial loading mechanism, and the radial loading mechanism being horizontally movably connected to a self-aligning angle adjusting mechanism (6). The right end of the bearing outer race end cap (34) is hinged to a horizontal U-shaped member (52), the horizontal U-shaped member (52) being connected to an axial loading mechanism. The axial loading mechanism is vertically movably connected to the self-aligning angle adjusting mechanism (6), and a deflection angle of the tested bearing (31) is adjusted by the self-aligning angle adjusting mechanism (6). The present apparatus and method are capable of carrying out compound loading while adjusting the self-aligning angle of a tested bearing (31). Environment simulation under load conditions is relatively realistic, and the range of angle adjustment is relatively large.

Description

A self-aligning rolling bearing performance test device and stiffness test method

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of bearing testing, in particular to a performance testing device and a stiffness testing method of a self-aligning rolling bearing.

Background technique

Self-aligning rolling bearings (such as: self-aligning roller bearings, etc.) can achieve a certain angle of deflection between the inner ring and the outer ring. The performance, especially the stiffness characteristics, also show different characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to test the performance of the self-aligning rolling bearing at different angles and test its stiffness.

Although there are currently some bearing testing machines aimed at testing general rolling bearing stiffness, such as patents: bearing dynamic characteristic parameter testing device (CN103105296A), a multifunctional bearing testing machine radial loading device (CN110031220A), etc., these patents are all for conventional bearings. The performance test of the bearing cannot realize the given angle deflection of the inner and outer rings of the bearing, as well as the combined axial and radial loading in the deflection state, so the test performance of the self-aligning rolling bearing in the actual deflection state cannot be simulated. And existing testing machine also is to carry out rigidity test for bearing under normal state, for example patent: a kind of rolling bearing axial and radial comprehensive dynamic stiffness measuring device (CN108680357A), although rolling bearing radial stiffness measuring device (CN110631830A) can realize radial Or the stiffness test under axial load, but the bearing cannot be loaded in the self-aligning state, nor can it realize the stiffness measurement of the self-aligning rolling bearing that deflects at a specific angle. There is a lack of experimental devices and methods that can realize the stiffness of the self-aligning state.

In summary, the existing self-aligning bearing tests still rely on traditional testing machines, and most testing machines use single-factor variable effects, especially the bearing test and stiffness test that cannot achieve the self-aligning state, so it is not suitable for self-aligning rolling bearings. Therefore, it is necessary to design a special self-aligning rolling bearing test device and use it to carry out stiffness tests to solve the problems in the above technologies.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the background technology, the present invention provides a self-aligning rolling bearing performance testing device and a stiffness testing method, which can effectively simulate the self-aligning state of the tested bearing and realize axial and radial composite loading; Stiffness tests are carried out to obtain the stiffness of the tested bearings under different alignment states.

The first object of the present invention is to provide a self-aligning rolling bearing performance test device, including a drive system, a spindle system, a tested bearing system, and an alignment angle adjustment mechanism, wherein:

The spindle system includes a stepped spindle, and the drive system drives the stepped spindle to rotate;

The tested bearing system includes the tested bearing set on the stepped main shaft, the bearing housing body matched with the tested bearing outer ring, and the bearing sleeve gland and bearing outer ring respectively used to compress the left and right ends of the tested bearing outer ring The end cover; the bottom of the main body of the bearing seat is hinged with a vertical U piece, which is connected with the radial loading mechanism, and the radial loading mechanism moves horizontally on the centering angle adjustment mechanism; the right end cover of the outer ring of the bearing is hinged with a horizontal U piece, the horizontal U piece is connected with the axial loading mechanism; the axial loading mechanism moves vertically on the centering angle adjustment mechanism;

The centering angle adjustment mechanism includes an axial angle adjustment assembly and a radial angle adjustment assembly, and the axial angle adjustment assembly includes a vertical slideway, a vertical adjustment screw located in the vertical slideway, and a vertical adjustment screw that cooperates with the vertical adjustment screw. Vertical nut, the vertical nut is hinged with the tail end of the axial loading mechanism, and one end of the vertical adjustment screw is fixed with a vertical adjustment hand wheel; the radial angle adjustment assembly includes a horizontal slideway, a horizontal adjustment wire located in the horizontal slideway The horizontal nut is hingedly connected with the tail end of the radial loading mechanism, and one end of the horizontal adjustment screw is fixed with a horizontal adjustment handwheel.

Further, two radial displacement sensors are installed symmetrically on both sides of the tested bearing on the top of the main body of the bearing seat.

Further, the main shaft system also includes a first bearing and a second bearing which are spaced in the middle of the stepped main shaft. Both the first bearing and the second bearing are connected to the support system through the bearing seat. The left and right ends of the outer ring of the first bearing and the second The left and right ends of the outer ring of the bearing are axially fixed by the bearing end cover; the first bearing is a double-row angular contact ball bearing, and the second bearing is a cylindrical roller bearing.

Further, the end of the stepped main shaft is provided with a shaft shoulder, the left end of the inner ring of the tested bearing is positioned and connected to the shaft shoulder, the right end of the inner ring of the tested bearing is positioned and connected through the end cover of the bearing inner ring, and the end cover of the inner ring of the bearing is connected to the stepped main shaft Fixed connection at the end.

Further, the axial loading mechanism includes an axial loading rod which is slidingly connected to the horizontal U piece in the circumferential direction, an axial hydraulic cylinder connected to the right end of the axial loading rod, and an axial base for fixing the axial hydraulic cylinder. The base is hinged with the vertical nut, and the axial hydraulic cylinder deflection indicator is arranged on the axial base;

The radial loading mechanism includes a radial loading rod that is slidingly connected to the vertical U piece in the circumferential direction, a radial hydraulic cylinder connected to the lower end of the radial loading rod, and a radial base for fixing the radial hydraulic cylinder. The horizontal nut is hinged, and the radial hydraulic cylinder deflection indicator is arranged on the radial base;

An axial force testing sensor is arranged on the axis of the axial loading rod, and a radial force testing sensor is arranged on the axis of the radial loading rod.

Further, the support system is arranged on the base of the test bench, and the support system includes a first bearing seat support plate, a second bearing seat support plate, and a support arch seat fixedly arranged on the test bench base, and the first bearing and the second bearing are both The bearing seat is fixed on the first bearing seat support plate and the second bearing seat support plate, and the axial angle adjustment assembly is fixed on the support arch.

Further, the drive system includes a drive motor, a shaft coupling, and a motor base, the output shaft of the drive motor is connected to the shaft coupling, the shaft coupling is connected to the stepped shaft, the drive motor is fixed on the motor base, and the motor base is fixed on the on the base of the test bench.

The second object of the present invention is to provide a method for testing the stiffness of self-aligning rolling bearings,

Operate the vertical adjustment handwheel to rotate, and the vertical adjustment screw connected to the vertical adjustment handwheel rotates synchronously, driving the vertical nut to move up and down, and then driving the axial loading mechanism to deflect, the axis of the axial loading mechanism and the stepped spindle The angle between the axes is α, and the relationship between α and the deflection angle of the tested bearing and θ is α≥θ; when the radial hydraulic cylinder follows the axial hydraulic cylinder to adjust at the same angle, and the axial hydraulic cylinder shrinks, the tested When the central axis of the bearing outer ring coincides with the axis of the axial hydraulic rod, α=θ.

Specifically, measure the dynamic radial direction of the center axial line of the inner ring of the bearing under test relative to the deflection of the probe of the right radial displacement sensor along the right radial direction of the tested bearing through the probe of the right radial displacement sensor. Displacement variation amplitude δ ₂ .

Use the probe of the left radial displacement sensor to measure the dynamic radial displacement variation amplitude of the center axis line of the inner ring of the tested bearing relative to the deflection of the probe of the left radial displacement sensor along the left radial direction of the bearing under test Value δ ₁ .

Combined with the stiffness formula, the formula for calculating the stiffness R of the tested bearing with respect to the self-aligning angle θ is derived:

Among them: R _r is the radial stiffness of the tested bearing. When the θ self-aligning angle changes from θ ₁ to θ _n , R gradually changes from R _θ1 to R _θn with the change of θ; F, θ, γ, δ ₂ , δ ₁ are parameters that can be obtained during the experiment.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

(1) The self-aligning rolling bearing performance test device of the present invention has an axial loading mechanism and a radial loading mechanism. In the angle adjustment mechanism, the two cooperate with each other to realize the adjustment of the deflection angle of the self-aligning rolling bearing. In addition, while adjusting the alignment angle of the tested bearing, the compound loading and the simulation of the loaded working condition environment are relatively real, and the range of angle adjustment is relatively larger.

(2) The self-aligning rolling bearing performance test device of the present invention adjusts the translation of the base of the axial hydraulic cylinder and the radial hydraulic cylinder in the form of a lead screw nut, the lead is small, and the lead screw itself has self-locking property, so that the axial The displacement of the base and the radial base can realize walking and stopping.

(3) The self-aligning rolling bearing performance test device of the present invention is equipped with a deflection indicator on the base of the axial hydraulic cylinder and the base of the radial hydraulic cylinder, which can effectively control the range of the self-aligning angle according to the deflection indication number, and avoid over-adjustment resulting in damage to the tested bearing.

(4) The self-aligning rolling bearing performance test device of the present invention is symmetrically arranged with two radial displacement sensors on both sides of the inner ring of the tested bearing. Higher precision.

(5) The stiffness test method of the self-aligning rolling bearing of the present invention combines existing theories and empirical formulas, and effectively adjusts the fixed-angle deflection through the compound adjustment of the axial loading mechanism, radial loading mechanism and self-aligning angle adjustment mechanism. The rigidity test is carried out on the center rolling bearing, and the stiffness value of the tested bearing is obtained.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative work.

Fig. 1 (a) is the overall structural diagram of the self-aligning rolling bearing performance test device of the present invention:

Fig. 1 (b) is the sectional view of the overall structure of the self-aligning rolling bearing performance test device of the present invention;

Fig. 2 (a) is the axonometric view of the drive system of the self-aligning rolling bearing performance test device of the present invention;

Fig. 2 (b) is the structural diagram of the drive motor of the self-aligning rolling bearing performance test device of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the main shaft system of the self-aligning rolling bearing performance test device of the present invention;

Fig. 4 (a) is the axonometric view of the tested bearing system of the self-aligning rolling bearing performance test device of the present invention;

Fig. 4 (b) is the sectional view of the tested bearing system of the self-aligning rolling bearing performance test device of the present invention;

Fig. 5 (a) is the axonometric view of the support system of the self-aligning rolling bearing performance test device of the present invention;

Fig. 5(b) is a sectional view of the support system of the self-aligning rolling bearing performance test device of the present invention;

Figure 6(a) is a structural diagram of the loading system of the self-aligning rolling bearing performance test device of the present invention;

Fig. 6 (b) is the loading principle diagram of the loading system of the self-aligning rolling bearing performance test device of the present invention;

Fig. 7(a) is a structural diagram of the centering angle adjustment mechanism of the self-aligning rolling bearing performance test device of the present invention;

Figure 7(b) is a schematic diagram of the adjustment mechanism of the alignment angle adjustment mechanism of the self-aligning rolling bearing performance test device of the present invention;

Figure 7(c) is a partially enlarged view of the horizontal adjustment handwheel and the horizontal adjustment screw of the self-aligning rolling bearing performance test device of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the angle adjustment of the loading system of the self-aligning rolling bearing performance test device of the present invention;

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the geometry of the alignment angle of the self-aligning rolling bearing performance test device of the present invention;

Among them: 1-drive system, 11-drive motor, 12-coupling, 13-motor base, 2-spindle system, 21-stepped spindle, 22-bearing seat, 23-bearing end cover, 24-first bearing, 25-second bearing, 3-bearing system under test, 31-bearing under test, 32-housing main body, 33-bearing sleeve gland, 34-bearing outer ring end cover, 35-bearing inner ring end cover, 36 -Right radial displacement sensor, 37-left radial displacement sensor; 4-support system, 41-first bearing support plate, 42-second bearing support parents, 43-support arch, 5-loading System, 50-axial hydraulic cylinder, 51-axial loading rod, 52-horizontal U piece, 53-axial hydraulic cylinder deflection indicator, 54-axial force test sensor, 55-radial hydraulic cylinder, 56-diameter Axial loading rod, 57-vertical U piece, 58-vertical hydraulic cylinder deflection indicator, 59-radial force test sensor, 6-alignment angle adjustment mechanism, 61-horizontal slideway, 62-horizontal adjustment screw, 63-horizontal adjustment handwheel, 64-vertical slideway, 65-vertical adjustment screw, 66-vertical adjustment handwheel, 7-test bench base.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the present invention. Apparently, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort, all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" in the description and claims of the present application and the above drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, but not necessarily used to describe a specific sequence or sequence. It should be understood that the data so used may be interchanged under appropriate circumstances for the embodiments of the application described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having", as well as any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, for example, a process, method, system, product or device comprising a sequence of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to the expressly listed instead, may include other steps or elements not explicitly listed or inherent to the process, method, product or apparatus.

In this application, the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "middle", "outer", "front", "back", "left", "right" etc. are based on the drawings The orientation or positional relationship shown. These terms are mainly used to better describe the present application and its embodiments, and are not used to limit that the indicated devices, elements or components must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation.

Moreover, some of the above terms may be used to indicate other meanings besides orientation or positional relationship, for example, the term "upper" may also be used to indicate a certain attachment relationship or connection relationship in some cases. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meanings of these terms in this application according to specific situations.

Furthermore, the terms "disposed", "connected", "equipped with", and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral structure; it can be a mechanical connection, or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediary, or two devices, components or Internal connectivity between components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application according to specific situations.

It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

As shown in Figures 1-9, the present invention provides a self-aligning rolling bearing performance test device, including a drive system 1, a spindle system 2, a tested bearing system 3, a loading system 5, a support system 4, an alignment angle adjustment mechanism 6, And the test bench base 7, the drive system 1, the spindle system 2, the tested bearing system 3, the loading system 5, the support system 4, and the centering angle adjustment mechanism 6 are all set on the test bench base 7.

Specifically, as shown in Figure 2, the drive system 1 includes a drive motor 11, a shaft coupling 12, and a motor base 13, the output shaft of the drive motor 11 is connected to the shaft coupling 12, and the shaft coupling 12 is connected to the shaft coupling 2, The torque is transmitted to the main shaft system 2 through the coupling 12, the upper surface and the lower surface of the motor base 13 are respectively connected to the driving motor 11 and the test bench base 7 by fastening bolts, and there are positioning pins on the motor base 13, which is convenient for driving the motor 11. Installation positioning. By controlling the rotational speed of the drive motor 11 , the rotational speed of the main shaft system 2 can be controlled, thereby realizing the speed adjustment of the tested bearing system 3 .

Specifically, as shown in Figure 3, the spindle system 2 includes a stepped spindle 21, one end of the stepped spindle 21 is connected to the drive motor 11 through a coupling 12, and the other end of the stepped spindle 21 is connected to the tested bearing system 3; the spindle system 2 It also includes a first bearing 24 and a second bearing 25 that are set at intervals in the middle of the stepped main shaft 21. The first bearing 24 and the second bearing 25 are used to position and support the stepped main shaft 21 to prevent excessive deflection deformation; the first Both the bearing 24 and the second bearing 25 are fixedly connected to the support system 4 through the bearing seat 22; preferably, the bearing seat 22 is fixedly connected to the support system 4 by bolts, and the support system 4 and the bearing seat 22 are connected to the first bearing 24 and the second bearing 25 plays a fixed support role; the left and right ends of the outer ring of the first bearing 24 and the left and right ends of the outer ring of the second bearing 25 are axially fixed by the bearing end cover 23, and the bearing end cover 23 compresses the first bearing 24 and the second bearing The outer ring of two bearings 25 prevents from coming off and moving. Preferably, the first bearing 24 is a double-row angular contact ball bearing, which is used to limit the axial movement of the stepped main shaft 21, the second bearing 25 is a cylindrical roller bearing, which is used to bear the main load of the main shaft system 1, and the first Both the bearing 24 and the second bearing 25 are in interference fit with the stepped main shaft 21 and rotate with the rotation of the stepped main shaft 21 .

Specifically, as shown in Fig. 4(a) and Fig. 4(b), the tested bearing system 3 includes a tested bearing 31 set at the end of the stepped main shaft 21, and a bearing seat main body with an interference fit with the outer ring of the tested bearing 31 32, and the bearing sleeve gland 33 and the bearing outer ring end cover 34 respectively used to compress the left and right ends of the outer ring of the tested bearing 31; One end is positioned and connected to the shaft shoulder, and the other end of the tested bearing 31 is positioned and connected through the bearing inner ring end cover 35, and the bearing inner ring end cover 35 is fixedly connected to the end of the stepped main shaft 21 to prevent the tested bearing 31 from stepping off during operation. The main shaft 21 falls off; the outer ring of the tested bearing 31 and the main body 32 of the bearing seat adopt the interference fit of the base shaft system, and the inner ring of the tested bearing 31 and the stepped main shaft 21 adopt the interference fit of the base hole system to avoid During the test of the tested bearing 31, due to the instantaneous overload, the stepped main shaft-the inner ring of the tested bearing, the main body of the bearing seat-the outer ring of the tested bearing produced excessive stress and deformation.

Specifically, the bearing sleeve gland 33 located on the left side of the tested bearing 31 is set on the stepped main shaft 21 and fastened to the bearing seat main body 32 by bolts, and presses the left end of the outer ring of the tested bearing 31 to avoid the The bearing 31 produces axial movement due to the action of the axial force; the left side of the bearing outer ring end cover 34 located on the right side of the tested bearing 31 is fastened to the bearing seat main body 32 by bolts, and the outer surface of the tested bearing 31 is pressed tightly. The right end of the ring and the right side of the bearing outer ring end cover 34 are hinged on the horizontal U piece 52, which is connected to the axial loading mechanism, and the deflection force of the axial loading mechanism can be loaded on the bearing seat through the horizontal U piece 52 On the main body 32, the outer ring of the tested bearing 31 is offset by θ relative to the center point of the inner ring; the lower part of the bearing seat main body 32 is hinged with a vertical U piece 57, and the vertical U piece 57 is connected with the radial loading mechanism , through the vertical U piece 57, the load of the radial loading mechanism can act on the bearing seat main body 32 and be transmitted to the outer ring of the tested bearing, thereby achieving the purpose of loading the tested bearing system.

Specifically, the top of the bearing seat main body 32 is provided with a right radial displacement sensor 36 and a left radial displacement sensor 37, and the two sensors are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the tested bearing 31 along the radial centerline of the tested bearing 31, Preferably, the radial displacement sensor 36 on the right side and the radial displacement sensor 37 on the left side are non-contact electric eddy current displacement sensors; The dynamic radial displacement variation amplitude δ ₂ of the central axial line of the inner ring of the bearing 31 under test relative to the deflection of the probe of the radial displacement sensor 36 on the right side; In the radial direction on the left side, the dynamic radial displacement variation amplitude δ ₁ after the central axis line of the inner ring of the tested bearing 31 is deflected relative to the probe of the left radial displacement sensor 37 is measured.

By compensating the more accurate displacement and deformation of the inner ring of the tested bearing, the invention has higher test accuracy in the self-aligning state.

Specifically, as shown in Fig. 5(a) and Fig. 5(b), the support system 4 is arranged on the base 7 of the test bench for integral connection and fixation. The support system 4 includes a first bearing seat support plate 41, a second bearing seat support plate 42, and a support arch 43, and the first bearing 24 and the second bearing 25 are fixed on the first bearing seat support plate 41 and the second bearing seat 25 by the bearing seat 22. The upper part of the second bearing seat support plate 42 prevents the overall instability of the main shaft system 2 due to unstable working conditions. The bases 7 are connected, and the support abutment 43 supports the centering angle adjustment mechanism 6 .

Specifically, as shown in Figure 6 (a) and Figure 6 (b), the loading system 5 is a hydraulic loading system, including an axial loading mechanism and a radial loading mechanism; the left end of the axial loading rod 51 of the axial loading mechanism passes through The horizontal U piece 52 is hinged on the end cover 34 of the bearing outer ring of the tested bearing 21, and an axial force test sensor 54 is arranged on the connecting axis of the axial loading rod 51. The right end of the axial loading mechanism moves vertically at the centering angle adjustment. On the mechanism 6; the radial load rod 56 upper end of the radial load mechanism is arranged with a radial force test sensor 59, the radial load rod 56 is hinged on the tested bearing seat main body 32 through a vertical U piece, and the lower end of the radial load mechanism Move horizontally on the centering angle adjustment mechanism 6; the axial force test sensor 54 and the radial force test sensor 59 are used to detect the applied load changes of the axial hydraulic cylinder 50 and the radial hydraulic cylinder 55; the present invention has axial loading Mechanism and radial loading mechanism, and the axial loading mechanism is vertically moved and connected to the centering angle adjustment mechanism, and the radial loading mechanism is horizontally moved and connected to the centering angle adjustment mechanism, and the two cooperate with each other to realize the deflection of the self-aligning rolling bearing Angle adjustment, in addition, while adjusting the centering angle of the tested bearing, compound loading, the simulation of the loaded working condition environment is relatively realistic, and the range of angle adjustment is relatively large.

Specifically, the axial loading mechanism includes an axial loading rod 51 slidingly connected to the horizontal U member 52 in the circumferential direction, an axial hydraulic cylinder 50 connected to the right end of the axial loading rod 51, and a shaft for fixing the axial hydraulic cylinder 50. To the base, the axial base is provided with an axial hydraulic cylinder deflection indicator 53; the radial loading mechanism includes a radial loading rod 56 which is slidingly connected to the vertical U part 57 in the circumferential direction, and a radial loading rod 56 connected to the lower end of the radial loading rod 56. Radial hydraulic cylinder 55, and the radial base that is used to fix radial hydraulic cylinder 55, is provided with radial hydraulic cylinder deflection indicator 58 on the radial base; The loading force of the loading system 5; the axial hydraulic cylinder deflection display gauge 53 and the radial hydraulic cylinder deflection display gauge 58 all rely on the pointer connected to the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder to reflect the deflection of the hydraulic cylinder on the dial, which can be used according to the deflection The indicator effectively controls the range of the self-aligning angle to avoid damage to the tested bearing caused by over-adjustment.

Specifically, as shown in Figure 7(a), Figure 7(b), and Figure 7(c), the centering angle adjustment mechanism 6 includes an axial angle adjustment assembly arranged on the support arch 43, and an axial angle adjustment assembly arranged on the test bench The radial angle adjustment assembly on the base 7; the axial angle adjustment assembly includes a vertical slideway 64, a vertical adjustment lead screw 65 positioned in the vertical slideway 64, and a vertical adjustment screw fixedly connected to the end of the vertical adjustment lead screw 65. To adjust the handwheel 66, the axial loading mechanism and the vertical adjustment screw 65 are connected by a vertical nut, and the vertical nut is hinged with the tail end of the axial loading mechanism; the upper end of the supporting arch 33 is equipped with the above-mentioned vertical slideway 64, The support arch 33 is used to support and orient the axial angle adjustment assembly, and realize the rotation of the vertical adjustment screw through the rotation of the vertical adjustment handwheel 66, thereby realizing the vertical linear translation of the tail end of the axial loading mechanism. The radial angle adjustment assembly includes a horizontal slideway 61, a horizontal adjustment screw 62 located in the horizontal slideway 61, and a horizontal adjustment handwheel 63 fixedly connected to the end of the horizontal adjustment screw 62, the radial loading mechanism and the horizontal adjustment screw 62 is connected by a horizontal nut, and the horizontal nut is hingedly connected with the tail end of the radial loading mechanism. The rotation of the horizontal adjustment screw 62 is realized by the rotation of the horizontal adjustment handwheel 63, and then the horizontal movement of the tail end of the radial loading mechanism is realized. The present invention adjusts the translational movement of the base of the axial hydraulic cylinder and the radial hydraulic cylinder in the form of a screw nut, the lead is small, and the screw itself has self-locking property, so that the displacement of the axial base and the radial base can be realized at any time. Stop and go.

In conjunction with Figure 6(b), the vertical adjustment handwheel 66 is operated to rotate, and the vertical adjustment screw 65 fixed to it rotates synchronously, and the vertical nut matched with the vertical adjustment screw 65 drives the tail of the axial loading mechanism to generate Vertical translation, the axial hydraulic cylinder 50 deflects accordingly, the angle between the axis of the cylinder body and the axis of the stepped main shaft 21 is α, the relationship between α and the centering angle θ of the tested bearing is α≥θ, when the radial When the hydraulic cylinder 55 is adjusted at the same angle as the axial hydraulic cylinder 50, and the axial hydraulic cylinder 50 shrinks so that the central axis of the outer ring of the tested bearing 31 coincides with the axis of the axial hydraulic cylinder 50, α=θ. At this time, the alignment angle θ of the test bearing has the following relationship with the adjustment parameters shown in the figure:

Wherein, j is the dynamic vertical displacement adjustment parameter of the vertical adjustment screw 65, and d is the horizontal distance between the center point of the tested bearing 31 and the center of rotation of the tailstock of the axial hydraulic cylinder 50, which is a fixed value.

At the same time, the radial loading mechanism is loaded radially, and the eccentric compound loading of the tested bearing is formed in the tested environment. Similarly, when the horizontal adjustment hand wheel 63 rotates, it drives the horizontal adjustment screw 62 connected to it to rotate, and the rotation of the horizontal adjustment screw 63 makes the horizontal nut at the bottom of the radial loading mechanism matched with it move in translation, and the radial hydraulic pressure The cylinder deflects accordingly.

Combining with Fig. 8, the angular deflection of the outer ring of the tested bearing 31 relative to the inner ring and the loading mode of the load can be described intuitively through the image, as the line of action of the load applied to the outer ring of the tested bearing deviates from the axis of the inner ring by a certain angle , the outer ring will deflect due to the overturning moment, and the inner ring will fit on the stepped main shaft due to interference fit, so the working state is stable and will not deflect due to the influence of the outer ring. of normal operation.

9, the right radial displacement sensor 36 and the left radial displacement sensor 37 are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the tested bearing 31; points A and B are the measuring heads of the left radial displacement sensor 37 and the right radial displacement sensor. The initial position of the measuring head of the displacement sensor 36, the points A' and B' are the positions of the measuring heads of the left radial displacement sensor 37 and the right radial displacement sensor 36 after adjusting the angle θ; OA is the geometric center point of the inner ring under the non-loading condition The radius of gyration to the measuring head of the left radial displacement sensor 37 is a known parameter initially set; γ is the initial left radial displacement sensor 37 and the right radial displacement sensor 36 measuring head and the geometric center of the inner ring The angular value of the radial line is a known parameter initially set; δ ₁ is the dynamic radial displacement amplitude measured on the left side of the tested bearing 31 after the left radial displacement sensor 37 is radially loaded; δ ₂ is The dynamic radial displacement amplitude measured on the right side of the tested bearing 31 after the right radial displacement sensor 36 is radially loaded; δ is the radial displacement variation of the tested bearing 31 . m is the side length of the triangle not shown on the left side of point P, and n and q represent the lengths of OP and OT, respectively.

The effective stiffness value of the tested bearing can be obtained by referring to the empirical formula and combining the mechanical performance parameters measured by the axial force test sensor 54 and the radial force test sensor 59 .

In the formula: F-bearing load;

δ-The amount of elastic displacement of the inner and outer rings of the bearing in the corresponding load direction.

Combined with Figure 9, with the help of the similar triangle geometry principle, the calculation formula of δ is as follows:

Substitute (3) into (2) to get:

Combined with Figure 9, the calculation formulas for n and q are as follows:

Substitute (5) into (4) to get:

Substituting formula (6) into formula (1), the stiffness R can be obtained as:

In the formula, F, θ, γ, δ ₂ , δ ₁ are parameters that can be obtained during the experiment.

In summary, when the θ-alignment angle changes from θ1 to θn, the stiffness R of the test bearing gradually changes from R _θ1 to R _θn with the change of θ, which is specifically expressed as:

Among them: F _r is the radial load on the tested bearing; θ is the real-time self-aligning angle of the self-aligning bearing, and its magnitude is equal to α;

The invention combines the existing theory and empirical formulas, and effectively conducts a stiffness test on the self-aligning rolling bearing deflected at a fixed angle through the combined adjustment of the axial loading mechanism, the longitudinal loading mechanism and the adjusting mechanism, and obtains the stiffness value of the tested bearing.

The present invention has been further described above with the help of specific embodiments, but it should be understood that the specific description herein should not be construed as limiting the spirit and scope of the present invention. Various modifications made in the embodiments all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

A self-aligning rolling bearing performance test device, characterized in that it includes a drive system, a spindle system, a tested bearing system, and an alignment angle adjustment mechanism, wherein:

The spindle system includes a stepped spindle, and the drive system drives the stepped spindle to rotate;

The tested bearing system includes the tested bearing set on the stepped main shaft, the bearing seat main body matched with the tested bearing outer ring, and the bearing sleeves respectively used to compress the left and right ends of the tested bearing outer ring Gland and bearing outer ring end cover; the bottom of the main body of the bearing seat is hinged with a vertical U piece, the vertical U piece is connected with the radial loading mechanism, and the tail of the radial loading mechanism moves horizontally on the adjustable on the center angle adjustment mechanism; the right end of the end cover of the bearing outer ring is hinged with a horizontal U piece, and the horizontal U piece is connected with the axial loading mechanism; the tail of the axial loading mechanism moves vertically at the centering angle on the adjustment mechanism;

The centering angle adjustment mechanism includes an axial angle adjustment assembly and a radial angle adjustment assembly, and the axial angle adjustment assembly includes a vertical slideway, a vertical adjustment screw located in the vertical slideway, and the The vertical nut matched with the vertical adjustment screw, the vertical nut is hinged with the tail end of the axial loading mechanism, and one end of the vertical adjustment screw is fixed with a vertical adjustment handwheel; the radial The angle adjustment assembly includes a horizontal slideway, a horizontal adjustment lead screw located in the horizontal slideway, and a horizontal nut matched with the horizontal adjustment lead screw, the horizontal nut is hingedly connected to the tail end of the radial loading mechanism, One end of the horizontal adjustment screw is fixed with a horizontal adjustment handwheel.
The self-aligning rolling bearing performance test device according to claim 1, characterized in that two radial displacement sensors are symmetrically installed on the top of the main body of the bearing seat.
The self-aligning rolling bearing performance test device according to claim 2, wherein the main shaft system further includes a first bearing and a second bearing spaced between the stepped main shaft, the first bearing and the second bearing Both are connected to the support system through the bearing seat, and the left and right ends of the first bearing outer ring and the left and right ends of the second bearing outer ring are axially fixed through the bearing end cover.
The performance testing device for self-aligning rolling bearings according to claim 3, wherein the first bearing is a double row angular contact ball bearing, and the second bearing is a cylindrical roller bearing.
The self-aligning rolling bearing performance test device according to claim 1, wherein the end of the stepped main shaft is provided with a shoulder, the left end of the inner ring of the tested bearing is positioned and connected to the shoulder, and the The right end of the inner ring of the test bearing is positioned and connected through the end cover of the inner ring of the bearing, and the end cover of the inner ring of the bearing is fixedly connected with the end of the stepped main shaft.
The performance test device for self-aligning rolling bearings according to claim 1, wherein the axial loading mechanism includes an axial loading rod that is slidingly connected with the horizontal U member in the circumferential direction, and is connected with the right end of the axial loading rod. The axial hydraulic cylinder and the axial base for fixing the axial hydraulic cylinder, the axial base is hinged with the vertical nut, and the axial hydraulic cylinder deflection indicator is arranged on the axial base ;

The radial loading mechanism includes a radial loading rod that is slidingly connected to the vertical U member in the circumferential direction, a radial hydraulic cylinder connected to the lower end of the radial loading rod, and a radial hydraulic cylinder for fixing the radial hydraulic cylinder. a radial base, the radial base is hinged to the horizontal nut, and a radial hydraulic cylinder deflection indicator is arranged on the radial base;

An axial force test sensor is arranged on the axis of the axial loading rod, and a radial force test sensor is arranged on the axis of the radial loading rod.
The self-aligning rolling bearing performance test device according to claim 3, wherein the support system is arranged on the base of the test bench, and the support system includes a first bearing support plate, a second bearing support plate, and a support An arch seat, the first bearing and the second bearing are fixed on the support plate of the first bearing seat and the support plate of the second bearing seat through the bearing seat, and the axial angle adjustment assembly is fixed on the support arch seat.
The self-aligning rolling bearing performance test device according to claim 7, wherein the drive system includes a drive motor, a coupling, and a motor base, and the output shaft of the drive motor is connected to the coupling, so that The shaft coupling is connected with the stepped main shaft, the driving motor is fixed on the motor base, and the motor base is fixed on the test bench base.
Applying the self-aligning rolling bearing performance test device described in any one of claims 2-8 to carry out the stiffness testing method, it is characterized in that,

Operate the vertical adjustment handwheel to rotate, and the vertical adjustment screw connected to the vertical adjustment handwheel rotates synchronously, driving the vertical nut to move up and down, and then driving the axial loading mechanism to deflect, the axis of the axial loading mechanism and the stepped spindle The angle between the axes is α, and the relationship between α and the deflection angle of the tested bearing and θ is α≥θ; when the radial hydraulic cylinder follows the axial hydraulic cylinder to adjust at the same angle, and the axial hydraulic cylinder shrinks, the tested When the central axis of the bearing outer ring coincides with the axis of the axial hydraulic cylinder, α=θ.
Stiffness testing method according to claim 9, is characterized in that,

Use the probe of the right radial displacement sensor to measure the dynamic radial displacement variation amplitude of the center axis line of the inner ring of the tested bearing relative to the deflection of the probe of the right radial displacement sensor along the right radial direction of the bearing under test δ 2 ; Measure the dynamic radial displacement of the central axial line of the inner ring of the bearing under test relative to the deflection of the probe of the left radial displacement sensor along the left radial direction of the tested bearing through the probe of the left radial displacement sensor Variation amplitude δ 1 .

The formula for calculating the stiffness R of the tested bearing with respect to the self-aligning angle θ is proposed:

Where: R r is the radial stiffness of the tested bearing. When the θ alignment angle changes from θ1 to θn, R gradually changes from R θ1 to R θn with the change of θ. F, θ, γ, δ 2 , δ 1 are parameters that can be obtained during the experiment.