CN108020479B - Saw cutting simulation test device and test method - Google Patents
Saw cutting simulation test device and test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108020479B CN108020479B CN201711163633.4A CN201711163633A CN108020479B CN 108020479 B CN108020479 B CN 108020479B CN 201711163633 A CN201711163633 A CN 201711163633A CN 108020479 B CN108020479 B CN 108020479B
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000997 High-speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000639 Spring steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000004188 Tooth Wear Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/58—Investigating machinability by cutting tools; Investigating the cutting ability of tools
Abstract
The invention relates to a saw cutting simulation test method, which comprises the steps of firstly installing a serrated blade on a cutter holder; adjusting the relative position of the serrated blade and the workpiece through a transmission mechanism to enable the connecting line of the tooth tip of the serrated blade and the workpiece rotation center to be parallel to the length direction of the serrated blade, enabling the plane of the serrated blade to be vertical to the axial direction of the workpiece, and setting the cutter to prepare for a cutting simulation test; after the tool setting is finished, a constant-feed-speed simulation cutting test or a constant-feed-force simulation cutting test is carried out according to requirements. The invention can save a large amount of test materials and save the test cost; the saw cutting simulation test device has wide application range, and can be suitable for simulation tests of band saw blades of different types and specifications only by adaptively changing the tool apron; the influence of factors such as the equal height and the tooth separation error in the manufacturing process of the band saw blade on the testing process is eliminated, the wear resistance and the tooth form cutting force of a single sawtooth are directly tested, and meanwhile, the data are stable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of cutting tool monitoring equipment, in particular to a sawing simulation test device and a test method, and particularly relates to a single-tooth sawing simulation test device and a test method.
Background
The band saw blade belongs to a multi-edge cutter, but is different from the traditional cutters such as turning, milling, planing and the like. The double-metal band saw blade is formed by combining high-speed steel with 1-2 mm tooth parts to a spring steel base band with good flexibility through high-speed beam welding methods such as laser and electron beams, and a saw wheel drives a saw blade to rotate circularly to complete cutting of materials. The bimetal saw blade is generally processed in a disc-forming mode, and the processing precision of the bimetal saw blade is influenced by a plurality of factors such as raw materials, processing technology and the like. Meanwhile, in the actual use process, the band saw blade has a plurality of failure modes, such as band breakage, oblique cutting, tooth pulling, tooth breaking, immovable cutting and the like, and the service life data has very large fluctuation (+/-20% of normal fluctuation). Therefore, when testing the performance of the band saw blade, the general method is to install the band saw blade to be tested on a sawing machine with corresponding specification, and perform experimental test on the sawing material. Meanwhile, a plurality of saw blades (more than 5 saw blades) need to be tested, and fluctuation of experimental data is reduced by increasing the number of samples. Therefore, the test period of the band saw blade is very long, and the cost is very high.
The performance requirements of the band saw blade in practical application are mainly reflected in two aspects: back fatigue and tooth wear resistance.
The main disadvantages of the existing test method are: 1) the test period is long. If the saw blade is tested by adopting a standard working condition, taking 45 steel sawing as an example, the test time of a single saw blade with the width of 27mm is about 100 hours, and 5 saw blades are tested, the total test time is more than 500 hours, and the test period is very long; 2) the material cost is high. Similarly, taking a 45-steel sawing test as an example, the cost of No. 45 raw materials consumed by a single saw blade test is more than 2000 yuan; 3) the data fluctuation is large, and the reliability is not high. The test process is influenced by impurities, hardness and the like of the cut material, and is also influenced by the performance fluctuation of the saw blade, and the data fluctuation is large.
The invention is mainly used for measuring the tooth performance (wear resistance and impact resistance) and the tooth cutting force (different front angles and back angles) of the band saw blade.
The sawing process of the band saw is mainly characterized in that: 1) the relative linear speed of the band saw and the cut material is constant; 2) cutting on an oil pressure feeding sawing machine in a constant force feeding mode; 3) cutting in a sawing machine with a rack or a lead screw driven by a motor in a uniform feeding mode; 4) intermittent cutting: during sawing, the teeth cut into and out of the workpiece as the saw band rotates, which is a process of interrupted cutting for a single tooth.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, one of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a sawing simulation test device; the second objective of the present invention is to provide a saw cutting simulation test method to save the material for the cutting test of the band saw blade and reduce the test cost.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a sawing simulation test device comprises a base, wherein a driving mechanism is arranged on the base and used for driving a workpiece to rotate, and the workpiece is integrally cylindrical;
the transmission mechanism is used for adjusting the relative position of the serrated blade to be tested and the workpiece;
the transmission mechanism is provided with a force transducer, a cutter holder for mounting a serrated blade to be tested and a displacement sensor for acquiring the feeding position of the cutter holder;
the saw blade to be tested is obtained by cutting the band saw blade to be tested in a direction perpendicular to the back edge of the band saw blade by taking a single saw tooth as a unit.
By adopting the structural design, the relative position of the serrated blade to be tested and the workpiece can be adjusted through the transmission mechanism, so that the connecting line of the tooth tip of the serrated blade to be tested and the rotation center of the workpiece is parallel to the length direction of the serrated blade to be tested, and the plane of the serrated blade is vertical to the axial direction of the workpiece; under the cooperation of the force measuring sensor, the displacement sensor and the transmission mechanism, accurate tool setting can be realized, and saw cutting simulation parameters can be conveniently set. In addition, during the sawing simulation, the force measuring sensor can obtain a feeding force value on the sawtooth blade in real time, and the impact speed can be adjusted in real time according to the feeding force value, so that the constant-feeding-force cutting simulation is realized; the displacement sensor can acquire the feeding position of the cutter holder in real time, further acquire the distance from the tooth tip of the sawtooth blade to the central axis of the workpiece, and adjust the rotating speed of the workpiece in real time according to the distance value, so that the simulation of constant linear speed can be realized. More importantly, the single saw cutting test of the invention only needs a single saw tooth and the back material of the corresponding part, and does not need the whole band saw blade, thereby avoiding the installation operation of the band saw blade on the sawing machine with the corresponding specification, ensuring that the cutting simulation process is simpler and more convenient, greatly reducing the requirement on the band saw blade for the test and further reducing the test cost.
The driving mechanism comprises a motor and a spindle head in transmission connection with the motor, the workpiece is mounted on a spindle of the spindle head through a chuck, and the length direction of the spindle is parallel to the horizontal plane.
Preferably, the motor is a servo motor or a stepping motor.
As one scheme of the invention, the transmission mechanism comprises a Y-direction linear module arranged on the base and used for adjusting the relative position of the sawtooth blade and the workpiece in the Y direction;
the Y-direction linear module is provided with an X-direction linear module and is used for adjusting the relative position of the sawtooth blade and the workpiece in the X direction;
the direction parallel to the length direction of the main shaft is the Y direction, and the direction perpendicular to the Y direction and parallel to the horizontal plane is the X direction.
The force measuring sensor is arranged on the X-direction linear module, and the tool apron is arranged on the force measuring sensor; the tooth tip of the sawtooth blade and the center of the workpiece are positioned at the same height.
Therefore, the X-direction linear module and the Y-direction linear module can be controlled to move in the X direction and the Y direction respectively, so that the tool apron can move in the X direction and the Y direction, and the relative position of the serrated blade and a workpiece can be adjusted finally.
As an alternative to the invention, suitable industrial robots can also be used for the transmission.
Preferably, the displacement sensor is a grating ruler.
The cutter holder is provided with a mounting groove, and the serrated blade is detachably fixed in the mounting groove. Further, the width of the mounting groove is 1.5-2.5mm, preferably 2 mm. Further preferably, the serrated blade is locked to the holder by means of a plurality of screws or bolts.
Based on the same inventive concept, the invention also provides a saw cutting simulation test method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, mounting the serrated blade on a blade holder;
s2, adjusting the relative position of the serrated blade and the workpiece through a transmission mechanism to enable the connecting line of the tooth tip of the serrated blade and the workpiece rotation center to be parallel to the length direction of the serrated blade, enabling the plane of the serrated blade to be perpendicular to the axial direction of the workpiece, and setting the cutter to prepare for a cutting simulation test;
s3, after tool setting is completed, selecting a mode (a) or a mode (b) as required to perform a cutting test:
(a) constant feed speed simulation cutting test: controlling the sawtooth blade to feed at a constant speed along the radial direction of the workpiece to the direction of the workpiece rotation center according to a preset feeding speed to perform a cutting test; in the cutting test process, the cutting linear velocity V at the tooth tip of the sawtooth blade is kept constant;
(b) constant feed force simulation cutting test: controlling the sawtooth blade to feed at a slower speed in the direction of the workpiece radial direction to the workpiece rotation center, and detecting the feeding force on the tooth tip through a force transducer; when the measured value of the feeding force is smaller than the preset value of the feeding force, increasing the feeding speed until the measured value of the feeding force reaches 0.95-1.05 times of the preset value of the feeding force; when the measured value of the feeding force is larger than the preset value of the feeding force, the feeding speed is reduced until the measured value of the feeding force reaches 0.95 to 1.05 times of the preset value; and in the cutting test process, the cutting linear speed V at the tooth tip of the sawtooth blade is kept constant.
In step S2, when the tool is set, the workpiece is firstly kept still, the sawtooth blade is controlled to rapidly feed to the workpiece until the distance from the center of rotation of the workpiece is DwAnd C, feeding the workpiece at a slow speed until the load cell detects the feeding force, stopping feeding, taking the current position of the tool apron as a sawing simulation feeding initial position, and controlling the tool apron to move along the radial direction of the workpiece in a direction away from the center of rotation of the workpiece by an angle delta to prepare a cutting simulation experiment, wherein DwIs the radius of the workpiece, Δ>2mm。
When the intermittent cutting simulation test is carried out, a plurality of grooves which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the workpiece are formed in the workpiece in advance, and the radian theta spanned by the grooves is controlled2Simulating the interval time t between interrupted cutssThe interval time
Wherein omega is the rotating speed of the workpiece.
The relation between the cutting linear velocity V and the rotating speed omega of the workpiece satisfies the following conditions:
wherein Dc is the distance from the tooth tip of the sawtooth blade to the rotation center of the workpiece. In the cutting simulation process, DcThe displacement sensor on the transmission mechanism can obtain D in real time according to the change of the feeding amount of the tool aproncThe numerical value of (c) can realize the simulation of the constant cutting linear velocity V (namely, the simulation of the cutting of the band saw blade at the constant linear velocity V) by adjusting the workpiece rotating speed omega in real time according to the relational expression. The constant cutting speed V of the sawtooth tooth tip can be realized by the aid of the method in the process of a constant feeding speed simulation cutting test or a constant feeding force simulation cutting test.
The saw cutting simulation test device and the test method are particularly suitable for cutting simulation test of the bimetal band saw blade.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) a large amount of test materials can be saved, and the test cost is saved;
2) the saw cutting simulation test device has wide application range, and can be suitable for simulation tests of band saw blades of different types and specifications only by adaptively changing the tool apron;
3) the influence of factors such as the equal height and the tooth separation error in the manufacturing process of the band saw blade on the testing process is eliminated, the wear resistance and the tooth form cutting force of a single sawtooth are directly tested, and meanwhile, the data are stable.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a saw cutting simulation test apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the installation of the holder and the serrated blade according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the making of a serrated blade of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a position state of a cutting edge of the serrated blade and a workpiece (initial state of tool setting).
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a state where the cutting edge of the serrated blade of the present invention and a workpiece are still positioned (cutting state).
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. For convenience of description, the words "upper", "lower", "left" and "right" in the following description are used only to indicate the correspondence between the upper, lower, left and right directions of the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure.
As shown in fig. 1, the sawing simulation test device comprises a base 2, wherein a driving mechanism 1 is arranged on the base 2 and used for driving a workpiece 3 to rotate, and the workpiece 3 is cylindrical as a whole;
the transmission mechanism is used for adjusting the relative position of the serrated blade to be tested and the workpiece;
the transmission mechanism is provided with a force measuring sensor 5, a cutter holder 4 for mounting a serrated blade to be tested and a displacement sensor for acquiring the feeding position of the cutter holder 4;
the serrated blade to be tested 9 is obtained by cutting the band saw blade to be tested in a direction perpendicular to the back edge of the band saw blade by taking a single serrated tooth as a unit.
The driving mechanism 1 comprises a motor and a spindle head in transmission connection with the motor, and the workpiece 3 is mounted on a spindle of the spindle head through a chuck.
The transmission mechanism comprises a Y-direction linear module 7 arranged on the base and used for adjusting the relative position of the sawtooth blade 9 and the workpiece in the Y direction;
the Y-direction linear module 7 is provided with an X-direction linear module 6 for adjusting the relative position of the sawtooth blade 9 and the workpiece in the X direction;
the direction parallel to the length direction of the main shaft is the Y direction, and the direction perpendicular to the Y direction and parallel to the horizontal plane is the X direction.
The force measuring sensor 5 is arranged at the top of the X-direction linear module 6, the tool apron 4 is arranged at the top of the force measuring sensor 5, and when cutting is simulated, the reaction force borne by the tool apron 4 and the serrated blade can be directly obtained by the force measuring sensor 5, and the reaction force is the feeding force.
The displacement sensor is a grating ruler.
As shown in fig. 2, the tool holder 4 is provided with a mounting groove 10, and the serrated blade is fixed in the mounting groove by a screw 8.
The method for carrying out the sawing simulation test by using the sawing simulation test device comprises the following steps:
s1, mounting the serrated blade on the blade holder 4;
s2, adjusting the relative position of the serrated blade and the workpiece through the transmission mechanism to enable the connecting line of the tooth tip of the serrated blade and the rotation center O of the workpiece 3 to be parallel to the length direction of the serrated blade, enabling the plane where the serrated blade is located to be perpendicular to the axial direction of the workpiece 3, and setting the cutter to prepare for a cutting simulation test;
s3, after tool setting is completed, selecting a mode (a) or a mode (b) as required to perform a cutting test:
(a) constant feed speed simulation cutting test: controlling the sawtooth blade to feed at a constant speed along the radial direction of the workpiece to the direction of the rotation center of the workpiece 3 at a preset feeding speed to perform a cutting test; in the cutting test process, the cutting linear velocity V at the tooth tip of the sawtooth blade is kept constant;
(b) constant feed force simulation cutting test: controlling the sawtooth blade to feed at a slower speed along the radial direction of the workpiece to the direction of the rotation center of the workpiece 3, and detecting the feeding force on the tooth tip through a force measuring sensor 5; when the measured value of the feeding force is smaller than the preset value of the feeding force, increasing the feeding speed until the measured value of the feeding force reaches 0.95-1.05 times of the preset value of the feeding force; when the measured value of the feeding force is larger than the preset value of the feeding force, the feeding speed is reduced until the measured value of the feeding force reaches 0.95 to 1.05 times of the preset value; and in the cutting test process, the cutting linear speed V at the tooth tip of the sawtooth blade is kept constant.
In step S2, when the tool is set, the initial position from the blade edge of the blade on the blade holder to the rotating center of the chuck is set as X0(see figure 4), the workpiece is kept still, and the sawtooth blade is controlled to rapidly feed to the workpiece 3 until the rotating center of the workpiece is at a distance DwAnd (D) feeding the workpiece at a slower speed until the load cell 5 detects the feeding force, stopping feeding, taking the current position of the tool apron as a sawing simulation feeding initial position, and controlling the tool apron to move along the radial direction of the workpiece in a direction away from the center of rotation of the workpiece by an angle delta to prepare a cutting simulation experiment, wherein DwThe radius of the workpiece, Δ, is 2.5 mm.
When the intermittent cutting simulation test is carried out, a plurality of grooves which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the workpiece are arranged on the workpiece 3 in advance, and the radian theta spanned by the grooves is controlled2Simulating the interval time t between interrupted cutssThe interval time
The relation between the cutting linear velocity V and the rotating speed omega of the workpiece 3 satisfies:
whereinAnd Dc is the distance from the tooth tip of the serrated blade to the rotation center of the workpiece, and the rotating speed omega of the workpiece can be adjusted in real time according to the value of Dc, so that the constant cutting linear speed is kept. This control process is easily implemented according to the existing control techniques.
The foregoing examples are set forth to illustrate the present invention more clearly and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims to which the invention pertains, as modified in all equivalent forms, by those skilled in the art after reading the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A sawing simulation test method by using a sawing simulation test device is characterized in that the sawing simulation test device comprises a base (2), wherein a driving mechanism (1) is arranged on the base (2) and used for driving a workpiece (3) to rotate, and the workpiece (3) is integrally cylindrical;
the transmission mechanism is used for adjusting the relative position of the serrated blade to be tested and the workpiece;
the transmission mechanism is provided with a force measuring sensor (5), a cutter holder (4) for mounting a serrated blade to be tested and a displacement sensor for acquiring the feeding position of the cutter holder (4);
the saw blade to be tested is obtained by cutting the band saw blade to be tested along the direction vertical to the back edge of the band saw blade by taking a single saw tooth as a unit;
the method comprises the following steps:
s1, mounting the serrated blade on the blade holder (4);
s2, adjusting the relative position of the serrated blade and the workpiece through the transmission mechanism to enable the connecting line of the tooth tip of the serrated blade and the rotation center (O) of the workpiece (3) to be parallel to the length direction of the serrated blade, enabling the plane of the serrated blade to be perpendicular to the axial direction of the workpiece (3), and setting the cutter to prepare for a cutting simulation test;
s3, after tool setting is completed, selecting a mode (a) or a mode (b) as required to perform a cutting test:
(a) constant feed speed simulation cutting test: controlling the sawtooth blade to feed at a constant speed along the radial direction of the workpiece to the direction of the rotation center of the workpiece (3) at a preset feeding speed to perform a cutting test; in the cutting test process, the cutting linear velocity V at the tooth tip of the sawtooth blade is kept constant;
(b) constant feed force simulation cutting test: controlling the sawtooth blade to feed at a slower speed along the radial direction of the workpiece to the direction of the rotation center of the workpiece (3), and detecting the feeding force on the tooth tip through a force measuring sensor (5); when the measured value of the feeding force is smaller than the preset value of the feeding force, increasing the feeding speed until the measured value of the feeding force reaches 0.95-1.05 times of the preset value of the feeding force; when the measured value of the feeding force is larger than the preset value of the feeding force, the feeding speed is reduced until the measured value of the feeding force reaches 0.95 to 1.05 times of the preset value; and in the cutting test process, the cutting linear speed V at the tooth tip of the sawtooth blade is kept constant.
2. Saw cutting simulation test method according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, when the tool is set, the workpiece is kept still, and the saw blade is controlled to rapidly feed to the workpiece (3) until the rotation center distance of the saw blade is D from the workpiecewAnd (b) feeding the workpiece at a slower speed until the load cell (5) detects a feeding force, stopping feeding, taking the current position of the tool apron as a sawing simulation feeding initial position, and controlling the tool apron to move along the radial direction of the workpiece in a direction away from the rotation center of the workpiece by a delta length to prepare a cutting simulation experiment, wherein D iswIs the radius of the workpiece, Δ>2mm。
3. Saw cutting simulation test method according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of grooves are formed in advance in the workpiece (3) so as to be evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the workpiece when performing the interrupted cutting simulation test, and the arc θ spanned by the grooves is controlled2Simulating the interval time t between interrupted cutssThe interval time
Wherein omega is the rotating speed of the workpiece.
4. Sawing simulation test method according to claim 1, characterised in that the relation between the cutting linear velocity V and the rotational speed ω of the work piece (3)Satisfies the following conditions:
wherein Dc is the distance from the tooth tip of the sawtooth blade to the rotation center of the workpiece.
5. The sawing simulation test method according to claim 1, wherein the driving mechanism (1) comprises a motor, a spindle head in transmission connection with the motor, and the workpiece (3) is mounted on a spindle of the spindle head through a chuck; the length direction of the main shaft is parallel to the horizontal plane.
6. The sawing simulation test method according to claim 5, wherein the transmission mechanism comprises a Y-direction linear module (7) arranged on the base and used for adjusting the relative position of the sawtooth blade and the workpiece in the Y direction;
the Y-direction linear module (7) is provided with an X-direction linear module (6) for adjusting the relative position of the sawtooth blade and the workpiece in the X direction;
the direction parallel to the length direction of the main shaft is the Y direction, and the direction perpendicular to the Y direction and parallel to the horizontal plane is the X direction.
7. Sawing simulation test method according to claim 6, characterised in that the load cell (5) is mounted on an X-direction linear module (6) and the tool holder (4) is mounted on the load cell (5); after the serrated blade is arranged on the cutter holder (4), the tooth tip of the serrated blade and the center of a workpiece are positioned at the same height.
8. The sawing simulation test method according to any one of claims 1 and 5 to 7, wherein the displacement sensor is a grating scale.
9. The sawing simulation test method according to any one of claims 1 and 5-7, wherein a mounting groove is formed in the tool holder (4), and the serrated blade is detachably fixed in the mounting groove.
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| CN109596449A (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2019-04-09 | 钟卿 | A kind of surgical blade sharpness qualification detection device |
| CN110361273B (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2024-04-23 | 日进教学器材(昆山)有限公司 | Test instrument and test method for testing cutting performance of material |
| CN112045334A (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2020-12-08 | 湖南泰嘉新材料科技股份有限公司 | Device and method for feeding back material of band saw blade |
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| CN105571972A (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2016-05-11 | 中国石油大学(华东) | High-speed cutting experiment device based on digital pendulum bob experiment machine |
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