CN108982275B - Ultrasonic-assisted high-speed single-point scratch test device and test method - Google Patents
Ultrasonic-assisted high-speed single-point scratch test device and test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108982275B CN108982275B CN201811156694.2A CN201811156694A CN108982275B CN 108982275 B CN108982275 B CN 108982275B CN 201811156694 A CN201811156694 A CN 201811156694A CN 108982275 B CN108982275 B CN 108982275B
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000006748 scratching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000002393 scratching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000019580 granularity Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000006061 abrasive grain Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002301 combined effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/56—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion
- G01N3/565—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion of granular or particulate material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0005—Repeated or cyclic
Abstract
The invention discloses an ultrasonic-assisted high-speed single-point scratching test device, wherein a multi-layer structure grinding wheel is arranged on a main shaft of a high-speed precision grinding machine, and the grinding machine main shaft drives the multi-layer structure grinding wheel to rotate at a high speed; the grinding layers with different granularities are axially distributed on the multilayered structure grinding wheel, grooves are formed between the different grinding layers, a diamond pressure head can be installed in the grooves, and scratches with certain cutting depth are generated on the surface of a sample through high-speed rotation of the multilayered structure grinding wheel after tool setting. The ultrasonic generator is connected with the transducer and the amplitude transformer through wires, so that the amplitude transformer generates ultrasonic frequency vibration with certain amplitude, the transducer is arranged on the dynamometer, and the dynamometer is arranged on a workbench of the high-speed precision grinding machine; the sample is fixed on the amplitude transformer through clamping of the clamp, ultrasonic frequency vibration with certain amplitude is generated under the drive of the amplitude transformer, and axial feeding and radial feeding can be performed through the high-speed precision grinder. The invention realizes the high-speed scratching of single abrasive particles with ultrasonic assistance, and has simple device and convenient operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ultrasonic-assisted grinding processing, in particular to an ultrasonic-assisted high-speed single-point scratching test device and method.
Background
Hard and brittle materials such as monocrystalline silicon, sapphire, optical glass and engineering ceramics are widely used in the fields of aerospace, optics, semiconductors and the like due to a series of excellent mechanical and physical properties such as high hardness, high strength, high wear resistance, high heat resistance, corrosion resistance and the like. However, because of the high hardness, the high brittleness and the good chemical inertness of the materials, the high-efficiency and precise processing of the materials is difficult to realize.
Ultrasonic vibration assisted grinding is an effective method of processing hard brittle materials by applying ultrasonic vibration to assist in the process of grinding away the material. The ultrasonic vibration auxiliary grinding has high processing precision, can reduce grinding force and grinding temperature, and reduce the blocking and abrasion of the grinding wheel, so that the processing efficiency is also greatly improved. The ultrasonic vibration assisted grinding is particularly suitable for high-efficiency precision machining of difficult-to-machine materials such as titanium alloy, high-strength steel, composite materials, engineering ceramics, glass and the like with high hardness, high plasticity, high strength and the like.
The grinding process is essentially the combined effect of the sliding, plowing and cutting actions of a large number of abrasive particles which are discretely distributed on the surface of the grinding wheel, and the complex machining mechanism greatly hinders the understanding of the grinding process. The single abrasive grain scratch test is widely used as a common method for simulating the interaction process of abrasive grains and a workpiece so as to better understand the grinding process and reveal the grinding mechanism. Accordingly, ultrasonic-assisted single abrasive scratch tests are also commonly used for the study of ultrasonic-assisted grinding mechanisms. The single point scratch test is generally divided into two types, one is a plane scratch with fixed cutting depth and the other is a pendulum scratch with variable cutting depth. Although a fixed depth of cut is obtained by planar wiping, the wiping speed is often slow, while a pendulum type wiping speed can reach the same speed as grinding, but a fixed depth of cut cannot be obtained. However, in order to be able to better reveal the ultrasound-assisted grinding mechanism, it is necessary to develop an ultrasound-assisted high-speed scratch test of individual abrasive grains with a fixed cutting depth.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides an ultrasonic-assisted high-speed single-point scratching test device and an ultrasonic-assisted high-speed single-point scratching test method, combines an ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding technology with a high-speed single-point scratching system, and can be used for end face grinding, grinding and polishing by achieving a constant cutting depth plane scratching test of a high rotating speed of single abrasive particle.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
an ultrasonic-assisted high-speed single-point scratch test device, comprising: a high-speed grinding precision surface grinding machine, a grinding wheel with a multilayer structure, an ultrasonic vibration system, a dynamometer and a sample;
the high-speed precision grinding machine comprises a main shaft, a workbench, a grinding machine body and a control panel;
the ultrasonic vibration system comprises an amplitude transformer, a transducer and an ultrasonic generator;
the multi-layer structure grinding wheel is arranged on a main shaft of the high-speed precision grinding machine, and the main shaft of the grinding machine is controlled to drive the multi-layer structure grinding wheel to rotate at a high speed; the grinding wheel with the multilayer structure is provided with grinding layers with different granularities along the axial direction of the grinding wheel matrix; grooves are formed between grinding layers with different granularities, and diamond pressure heads are arranged in the grooves;
the ultrasonic generator is connected with the transducer and the amplitude transformer through wires, the amplitude transformer is connected with the transducer, the transducer is arranged on the dynamometer, the dynamometer is arranged on a workbench of the high-speed precision grinding machine, and the data of the stress of the sample in the scratching process are obtained through signal amplification and data acquisition; the sample is clamped and fixed on the amplitude transformer through a clamp, and can be axially fed and radially fed through a high-speed precise grinding machine, so that the multi-layer structure grinding wheel arranged on the grinding machine carries out rough grinding, fine grinding and polishing on the sample through grinding layers with different granularities, and an arc-shaped smooth surface with the same curvature as that of the surface of the grinding wheel is obtained; after tool setting, the diamond pressure head is enabled to conduct ultrasonic-assisted high-speed single-point scratching of fixed cutting depth on the surface of the sample by utilizing high-speed rotation of the grinding wheel with the multilayer structure, and scratches with certain cutting depth are generated on the surface of the sample.
In a preferred embodiment: the vibration frequency of the amplitude transformer is in the range of 20-50KHz, and the amplitude is in the range of 5-50 mu m.
In a preferred embodiment: and the cutting depth and the scratching speed of abrasive particles during scratching are changed by adjusting parameters of the high-speed grinding machine after tool setting.
In a preferred embodiment: the abrasive grain sizes and material properties of the different sized abrasive layers are variable.
In a preferred embodiment: and the grooves are provided with a plurality of angles for fixing the diamond pressure heads so as to carry out scratch tests at a plurality of angles.
In a preferred embodiment: the device also comprises a force transducer, an acoustic emission sensor and a high-speed camera, and is used for detecting a high-speed scratching process.
In a preferred embodiment: the direction of ultrasonic vibration application is in the axial direction, radial direction or tangential direction of the grinding wheel.
A test method of the test apparatus as described above, comprising the steps of:
step 1, clamping a grinding wheel with a multilayer structure on a main shaft of a high-speed grinding machine, and adjusting dynamic balance;
step 2, fixing the sample on the amplitude transformer through a clamp;
step 3, fixing a dynamometer on a feeding platform of a grinding machine;
step 4, the grinding machine spindle rotates to drive the multi-layer structure grinding wheel to rotate, feeding is controlled to enable a coarse grain grinding layer of the multi-layer structure grinding wheel to be aligned with a sample, and coarse grinding is carried out on the surface of the sample to obtain a coarse-ground concave arc surface;
step 5, through axial feeding of a grinder, changing the grinding machine to a fine-granularity grinding layer of the grinding wheel with the multilayer structure, and finely grinding the rough grinding circular arc surface;
step 6, through axial feeding of the grinding machine, replacing the grinding machine with a polishing grinding layer of the grinding wheel with the multilayer structure, and polishing the rough grinding circular arc surface;
step 7, fixedly arranging a diamond pressure head on the grinding wheel with the multilayer structure, adjusting a tool setting after dynamic balance, starting an ultrasonic generator, setting a scratching depth and the rotating speed of the grinding wheel with the multilayer structure, enabling the diamond pressure head to scratch the arc surface of the sample at a high speed, and collecting a stress signal of the sample into a computer through a dynamometer;
and 8, feeding the grinding machine, and withdrawing the pressure head.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the ultrasonic vibration auxiliary grinding technology is combined with the high-speed single-point scratching system, so that the problems of easy blockage, low efficiency and the like of the grinding wheel are solved.
2. The grinding wheel is used in combination with the high-precision high-speed grinding machine, so that a high-precision machining surface can be quickly and accurately obtained, and the cutting depth and the scratching speed of the abrasive particles can be precisely and efficiently controlled.
3. The invention can effectively distinguish the impact effect and the interference effect which occur during scratching, and can carry out more intensive academic research on the mechanism of ultrasonic auxiliary grinding.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall schematic of an ultrasound-assisted high-speed single-point wiping device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a multi-layer grinding wheel;
fig. 4 (1) to (4) are schematic diagrams showing changes of the samples after the samples were processed by the apparatus.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and this detailed description.
Referring to fig. 1-4, an ultrasonic-assisted high-speed single-point scratch test device comprises a high-speed grinding precision surface grinding machine 1, a multi-layer structure grinding wheel 2, a sample 3, an ultrasonic vibration system 4 and a dynamometer 5. The high-speed precision grinding machine 1 comprises a main shaft, a workbench, a grinding machine body and a control panel. The illustrated ultrasonic vibration system 4 includes a horn, a transducer, and an ultrasonic generator. The grinding wheel 2 with the multilayer structure is arranged on a main shaft of the high-speed precision grinding machine, and the grinding wheel 2 is driven to rotate at a high speed by operating the main shaft of the grinding machine 1; the grinding layers with different granularities are distributed along the axial direction of the grinding wheel matrix 25 of the multi-layer structure grinding wheel 2, coarse grinding, fine grinding and polishing of the sample 3 can be realized, grooves are formed between the grinding layers with different granularities, a diamond pressing head 24 is arranged in the grooves, and scratches with certain cutting depth are generated on the surface of the sample 3 through high-speed rotation of the grinding wheel 2 after tool setting. The ultrasonic generator is connected with the transducer and the amplitude transformer through wires, the amplitude transformer is connected with the transducer, the transducer is arranged on the dynamometer, the dynamometer 5 is arranged on a workbench of the high-speed precision grinding machine 1, and the data of the stress of the sample in the scratching process are obtained through signal amplification and data acquisition; the sample 3 is fixed on the amplitude transformer through clamping of a clamp, and can be axially fed and radially fed through the high-speed precise grinding machine 1, so that the surface of the sample 3 is subjected to rough grinding, precise and polishing by the multi-layer structure grinding wheel 2 arranged on the grinding machine, an arc-shaped smooth surface with the same curvature as that of the surface of the grinding wheel is obtained, and finally the surface of the sample 5 is subjected to ultrasonic-assisted high-speed single-point scratching with fixed cutting depth by utilizing high-speed rotation of the grinding wheel 2.
In the use process, the sample 3 is arranged on the amplitude transformer through a clamp and is subjected to ultrasonic vibration under the action of the ultrasonic vibration system 4, and the amplitude and the frequency can be designed and selected according to the needs. Typically the vibration flatness is in the range of 20-50KHz and the amplitude is in the range of 5-50 μm.
The cutting depth and the scratching speed of abrasive particles can be changed by adjusting parameters of the high-speed grinding machine after tool setting, the maximum scratching speed depends on the maximum grinding speed of the high-speed grinding machine, the grinding speed of the existing high-speed precision grinding machine 1 can reach 300m/S or even higher, the scratching depth can be set through a main shaft feeding system of the grinding machine, and the scratching depth precision depends on the precision of the main shaft feeding system of the grinding machine.
According to actual test requirements, the abrasive particle sizes and the material characteristics of the grinding layers with different axial particle sizes on the grinding wheel 2 can be changed so as to obtain sample surfaces with different degrees; the grooves may have a variety of angles for securing the diamond indenter 24 therein for a variety of angled scratch tests.
The device can be used for detecting the high-speed scratching process according to detection equipment such as a force transducer, an acoustic emission sensor, a high-speed camera and the like according to actual needs.
The ultrasonic vibration can be applied along the axial direction, the radial direction or the tangential direction of the grinding wheel, and the ultrasonic vibration-assisted single abrasive particle high-speed scratching test can be carried out.
The test method of the ultrasonic-assisted high-speed single-point scratch test device comprises the following steps of:
step 1, clamping a multi-layer structure grinding wheel 2 on a main shaft of a high-speed grinding machine 1, and adjusting dynamic balance;
step 2, fixing the sample 3 on the amplitude transformer through a clamp;
step 3, fixing the dynamometer 5 on a feeding platform of the grinding machine 1;
step 4, the spindle of the grinding machine 1 rotates to drive the multi-layer structure grinding wheel 2 to rotate, feeding is controlled to enable the coarse grain grinding layer 21 of the multi-layer structure grinding wheel 2 to be aligned with the sample 3, and coarse grinding is carried out on the surface of the sample 3 to obtain a coarse-ground concave arc surface;
step 5, through axial feeding of the grinding machine 1, replacing the grinding machine with a fine-granularity grinding layer 22 of the grinding wheel 2 with the multilayer structure, and finely grinding the rough grinding circular arc surface;
step 6, through axial feeding of the grinding machine 1, replacing the grinding machine with a polishing grinding layer 23 of the grinding wheel 2 with a multilayer structure, and polishing the rough grinding circular arc surface;
and 7, fixedly arranging a diamond pressing head 24 on the multilayer structure grinding wheel 2, adjusting the dynamic balance, then setting a tool, starting an ultrasonic generator, setting the scratching depth and the rotating speed of the multilayer structure grinding wheel, scratching the arc surface of the sample at a high speed, and collecting the stress signal of the sample into a computer through a dynamometer 5.
And 8, feeding the grinding machine 1, and withdrawing the pressure head.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the design concept of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art will be able to make insubstantial modifications of the present invention within the scope of the present invention disclosed herein by this concept, which falls within the actions of invading the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. An ultrasonic-assisted high-speed single-point scratch test device is characterized by comprising: a high-speed grinding precision surface grinding machine, a grinding wheel with a multilayer structure, an ultrasonic vibration system, a dynamometer and a sample;
the high-speed grinding precision surface grinding machine comprises a main shaft, a workbench, a grinding machine body and a control panel;
the ultrasonic vibration system comprises an amplitude transformer, a transducer and an ultrasonic generator;
the multi-layer structure grinding wheel is arranged on the main shaft of the high-speed grinding precision surface grinding machine, and the main shaft of the high-speed grinding precision surface grinding machine drives the multi-layer structure grinding wheel to rotate at a high speed; the grinding wheel with the multilayer structure is provided with grinding layers with different granularities along the axial direction of the grinding wheel matrix; grooves are formed between grinding layers with different granularities, and diamond pressure heads are arranged in the grooves;
the ultrasonic generator is connected with the transducer and the amplitude transformer through wires, the amplitude transformer is connected with the transducer, the transducer is arranged on the dynamometer, the dynamometer is arranged on a workbench of the high-speed grinding precision surface grinding machine, and the data of the stress of the sample in the process of scratching are obtained through signal amplification and data acquisition; the sample is clamped and fixed on the amplitude transformer through a clamp, and can be axially fed and radially fed through a high-speed grinding precision surface grinder, so that the multi-layer structure grinding wheel arranged on the high-speed grinding precision surface grinder carries out rough grinding, fine grinding and polishing on the sample through grinding layers with different granularities, and an arc-shaped smooth surface with the same curvature as that of the surface of the grinding wheel is obtained; after tool setting, utilizing the high-speed rotation of the grinding wheel with the multilayer structure to enable the diamond pressure head to carry out ultrasonic-assisted high-speed single-point scratching of fixed cutting depth on the surface of the sample, and generating scratches with a certain cutting depth on the surface of the sample;
the vibration frequency of the amplitude transformer is in the range of 20-50KHz, and the amplitude is in the range of 5-50 mu m; and after tool setting, parameters of the high-speed grinding precision surface grinding machine are adjusted to change the cutting depth and the scraping speed of the abrasive particles during scraping, and the maximum scraping speed is consistent with the maximum grinding speed of the high-speed grinding precision surface grinding machine.
2. The ultrasonic-assisted high-speed single-point scratch test device according to claim 1, wherein: the abrasive grain sizes and material properties of the different sized abrasive layers are variable.
3. The ultrasonic-assisted high-speed single-point scratch test device according to claim 1, wherein: and the grooves are provided with a plurality of angles for fixing the diamond pressure heads so as to carry out scratch tests at a plurality of angles.
4. The ultrasonic-assisted high-speed single-point scratch test device according to claim 1, wherein: the ultrasonic-assisted single abrasive grain high-speed scratching device also comprises a force transducer, an acoustic emission sensor and a high-speed camera, and is used for detecting an ultrasonic-assisted single abrasive grain high-speed scratching process.
5. The ultrasonic-assisted high-speed single-point scratch test device according to claim 1, wherein: the direction of ultrasonic vibration application is in the axial direction, radial direction or tangential direction of the grinding wheel.
6. A method of testing a test device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
step 1, clamping a grinding wheel with a multilayer structure on a main shaft of a high-speed grinding precision surface grinder, and adjusting dynamic balance;
step 2, fixing the sample on the amplitude transformer through a clamp;
step 3, fixing a dynamometer on a feeding platform of a high-speed grinding precision surface grinder;
step 4, a spindle of the high-speed grinding precision surface grinding machine rotates to drive the grinding wheel with the multilayer structure to rotate, feeding is controlled to enable a coarse-grain grinding layer of the grinding wheel with the multilayer structure to be aligned with a sample, and rough grinding is carried out on the surface of the sample to obtain a rough-ground concave arc surface;
step 5, through axial feeding of a high-speed grinding precision surface grinding machine, changing the grinding machine to a fine-granularity grinding layer of the grinding wheel with the multilayer structure, and finely grinding the rough grinding circular arc surface;
step 6, through axial feeding of a high-speed grinding precision surface grinder, replacing the grinding surface with a polishing grinding layer of the grinding wheel with the multilayer structure, and polishing the accurate grinding arc surface;
step 7, mounting a diamond pressure head on the multilayer structure grinding wheel, adjusting a dynamic balance, then setting a tool, starting an ultrasonic generator, setting a scratching depth and the rotating speed of the multilayer structure grinding wheel, enabling the diamond pressure head to scratch the arc surface of the sample at a high speed, and collecting a stress signal of the sample into a computer through a dynamometer;
and 8, feeding the pressing head by controlling the high-speed grinding precision surface grinder to withdraw.
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| CN111238983B (en) * | 2020-01-23 | 2021-10-15 | 大连理工大学 | Ultrasonic elliptical vibration scratching test method |
| CN113109199B (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2022-07-08 | 中国民航大学 | Experimental device and method for single diamond abrasive particle ultrasonic vibration scribing silicon wafer |
| CN114216847B (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2024-01-16 | 南方科技大学 | Constant-temperature single-point scratching experiment device, feeding system thereof and single-point scratching experiment method |
| CN114216846B (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2024-01-12 | 南方科技大学 | Single-point scratching experiment device, feeding system thereof and single-point scratching experiment method |
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