CN204686664U - A kind of grinding-wheel grinder undermines the measurement mechanism of G ratio - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses the measurement mechanism that a kind of grinding-wheel grinder undermines G ratio, comprise four parts: Part I is acoustic emission signal on-line monitoring system, detect the state of wear of emery wheel qualitatively, when state of wear exceedes computer pre-set threshold, send alarm signal; Part II is optical fiber micro-adjusting mechanism, accurately realizes the axis of fibre-optical probe and moves radially; Part III is grinding force measurement mechanism, accurately measures grinding force suffered by workpiece in grinding process; Part IV is grinding temperature measurement mechanism, measures the temperature in grinding process with Semi-artifical thermocouple.The utility model can the online abrasion condition of qualitative detection emery wheel, and can measure grinding force and grinding temperature again, wherein grinding force and grinding temperature also have a well reflection to the wear condition of emery wheel; The quantitative wearing of emery wheel can also be calculated, very large actual directive significance can be had to the emery wheel tool setting of lathe, abrasion of grinding wheel detection, emery wheel failure detection etc. simultaneously.

Description

A kind of grinding-wheel grinder undermines the measurement mechanism of G ratio

Technical field

The utility model relates to the experimental provision in grinding field and grinding temperature thereof and grinding force measurement mechanism, concrete undermines the measurement mechanism of G ratio for a kind of grinding-wheel grinder.

Background technology

Grinding be in fact a kind of by being randomly discretely distributed in scratching that the abrasive particle on stone face completes in a large number, plough the random comprehensive of plough and shear action.A large amount of abrasive grain cutting swords by wheel face remove a kind of processing method of material, obtain high accuracy, low coarse finished surface as a kind of and accurately machined process is carried out to high rigidity surface, occupying very consequence in manufacture processing technique field.Along with the development of modernization manufacturing technology, the proportion of grinding in machining is increasing, becomes the key of Modern Manufacturing Technology.Improve the important content that grinding efficiency, machining accuracy and minimizing abrasion of grinding wheel are grinding area researches always.Abrasion of grinding wheel mechanism is the problem being devoted to both at home and abroad to inquire into always, and wherein abrasion of grinding wheel can be divided into abrasion wearing and tearing, broken wearing and tearing and blocking to adhere to, and is caused during abrasion wearing and tearing by friction between sand grains and workpiece; Broken wearing and tearing are the fragmentation of sand grains or the fragmentation of bonding agent, and it depends on the size of grinding force and the intensity of bonding agent.Along with being ground the increase of material volume in grinding process, abrasion of grinding wheel increases gradually, to the relation between the wearing and tearing of emery wheel and the worn volume of metal material, about scholar is divided into three wearing and tearing phases the wear process of emery wheel, after crushing, the initial wear stage mainly the fragmentation of abrasive particle and entirety come off, its reason be stone after finishing on the surface abrasive particle crack by dressing tool impacts.Under grinding force effect, it is cracked that the abrasive particle cracked there will be bulk, and the abrasive particle loosened then can entirety come off, and performance curve rises steeper.Second phase wear stage, i.e. normal wearing stage, because of under force, still have some grain breakages, but mainly abrasive particle experience cuts passivation for a long time, is abrasion wearing and tearing.Due to the cutting that this stage abrasive grain cutting sword is more stable, the wear curve of emery wheel is made to become more smooth.Third phase wear stage, due to the further passivation of abrasive grain cutting sword, makes the power acted on abrasive particle sharply increase, and bulk is cracked, bonding agent is broken and whole Grain Falling Off to cause abrasive particle to produce.Now curve rises very steep, emery wheel cisco unity malfunction.

So-called acoustic emission phenomenon is the elastic wave that solid material produces because structure change causes the quick release of strain energy, is called for short AE.Under external force, defect in material or Microinhomogeneity are in stress collected state, this state is a kind of upper state of extremely unstable, low-energy state must be transitioned into, if this transition was carried out fast in moment, then a part for excess energy is released with the form playing sad ripple, thus produces acoustic emission phenomenon, and its available AE sensor being fixed on the surface of solids detects.Grinding process is a very complicated process, grinding area have quite high deformation rate and fretting wear and metal phase change, impact, sand grains collapse the phenomenons such as the impact of broken, cutting fluid, these are all the acoustic emission sources split by force.The various acoustic emission sources produced in the scholar's research such as Hunt W grinding process, point out when emery wheel and workpiece Elastic Contact, emery wheel binding agent break, emery wheel abrasive particle collapses broken, emery wheel abrasive particle and friction of workpiece, surface of the work crackle etc. all can launch elastic wave.The factors such as the state of these factors and workpiece material, grinding condition, wheel face have close relationship; The change of these factors will inevitably cause the aspects such as the amplitude of acoustic emission signal, frequency spectrum to change, and this can be differentiated grinding state by the change detecting acoustic emission signal with regard to making us.The factor affecting grinding process is many especially, as the wearing and tearing, tool setting precision etc. of grinding process medium plain emery wheel, only obtains good ground effect difficulty by operator comparatively large, a kind ofly adds to grinding the method that fourth carries out on-line monitoring in the urgent need to finding.Since 1984, acoustic emission is introduced into grinding research field, utilize it to monitor the mensuration (crushing mass parameter and Wheel hardness etc.) of grinding quality (mainly comprising grinding crack and grinding burn), grinding process (comprising abrasion of grinding wheel, emery wheel and absorption surface etc.) and emery wheel parameter, and achieve the effect having made satisfaction.

Grinding force is the important physical amount in grinding process.Grinding force derive from cause after workpiece contacts with emery wheel elastic deformation, plastic deformation, cutting formation and abrasive particle and the rubbing action between bonding agent and surface of the work.The durability, grinding surface roughness, G ratio etc. of grinding force and emery wheel all have direct relation.Although the abrasive dust cut in grinding process is very little, the grinding force that every abrasive particle bears is also very little, and the summation of power suffered on a large amount of tiny abrasive particle simultaneously carrying out cutting just can produce larger grinding force.When the grinding basal area cut out is larger, quantity the more, the intensity of machined material larger time, grinding force is just larger; And the working surface of emery wheel is sharper, then grinding force is just less.It is also very necessary that grinding temperature in grinding process is measured, because much larger compared with other cutting process times of grinding energy in grinding process, these energy overwhelming majority are converted into heat energy, and the distribution of these heat energy and other cutting ways are also very different, wherein the grinding heat of the overwhelming majority about 80% imports workpiece (turning about 3% ~ 9%) into, chip takes away about 4% ~ 8%, and emery wheel takes away about 10% ~ 16%, separately has small part to shed with conduction and forms of radiation.Because grinding speed is high, heat has little time to import into workpiece depths and is instantaneously collected at very thin top layer, to form in top layer thermograde greatly.The heat entering workpiece will cause the remarkable rising of workpiece surface temperature, cause localized hyperthermia and excessive thermograde, thus produce workpiece size form variations, damaged surface layer, and the manufacturing deficiency such as scorch and crackle.The cutting ability of high temperature to emery wheel abrasive particle that grinding produces also has a great impact, and can reduce the service life of emery wheel.

Whether at present, the detection method of abrasion of grinding wheel is a lot, directly by carry out measurement to emery wheel and be divided into and directly measure and indirect inspection; Whether contact by during detection, contact and non-contact detection can be divided into.Detection method mainly contains rolling duplicating method, contact pilotage mensuration, based on the Computer Image Processing method of CCD camera, and laser power spectrometry and acoustic emission monitor(ing) method.Also there is the abrasion amount measuring of researcher to emery wheel to propose measuring method targetedly, as adopted pneumatic wear measurement instrument, on-line measurement being carried out to emery wheel; Abrasion of grinding wheel measurement amount also has other way, and such as directly adopt slide calliper rule to measure emery wheel, the mean value asked for before and after abrasion of grinding wheel by repetitive measurement is contrasted; Also can participate in the surface topography of laser ranging method to emery wheel to measure, the macroscopic properties data of the emery wheel that this measuring method both can have been surveyed, also can record the microscopic characteristics parameter of emery wheel.

G ratio (removing the volume of workpiece material and the ratio of abrasion of grinding wheel volume under referring to same grinding condition), it is also the important parameter characterizing grindability, it is the Main Basis selecting emery wheel and grinding dosage, the size of G ratio is the important indicator representing emery wheel its usage economy, when G value is larger, represent that consuming unit volume emery wheel can grind off more machined material, the economic performance of emery wheel is better.

Through retrieval, the existing patent No. is the Milling Process surface roughness on-line prediction method based on acoustic emission signal of ZL201310334856.8, by on Milling Process part, a calibrate AE sensor is being installed, utilize calibrate AE sensor to during Milling Process the acoustic emission signal that discharges by the distortion of Milling Process part material monitor; According to the theory of the change reflection Milling Process surface roughness of milling bits thickness in Milling Process theory, utilize acoustic emission signal to the sensitivity response of milling bits varied in thickness in reality processing, treatment and analysis is carried out to predict the size of Milling Process surface roughness adding the acoustic emission signal discharged man-hour to detected part to be processed.When this utility model only achieves Milling Process, the size of on-line prediction Milling Process surface roughness, can not realize the measurement of abrasion of grinding wheel amount, worth improvement.

Through retrieval, the existing patent No. is that a kind of abrasion of grinding wheel of ZL200520047712.5 is measured and mismachining tolerance compensation arrangement, and it comprises grinding carriage, diamond pen, digital control system, calibrate AE sensor, Acoustic emission signal processing device.Diamond pen makes the benchmark of emery wheel location, to be fixed on grinder bed before grinding carriage, side fixedly mounts calibrate AE sensor to grinding carriage, the output signal of calibrate AE sensor inputs to machine tool numerical control system after the filtering and threshold calculations of Acoustic emission signal processing device, for abrasion of grinding wheel amount measurement and realized the auto-compensation of wear extent by digital control system.But this device just uses the abrasion condition of acoustic emission qualitative detection emery wheel, and quantitative measurment can not go out the wear extent of emery wheel further, this device has worth improvements.

Through retrieval, the existing patent No. is the method and apparatus utilizing emery wheel airflow field on-line checkingi abrasion of grinding wheel of ZL201110294068.1, and this device adopts pressure sensor real-time online to detect the dynamic pressure of wheel face airflow field; Calculated the wear extent of grinding process medium plain emery wheel by the mutation analysis of airflow field dynamic pressure, and then obtain the compensation amount of feeding of emery wheel, then sent by numerically-controlled machine tool system and compensate feeding instruction, complete the compensation feeding of emery wheel; Utilize micro-adjusting mechanism to finely tune the position of sensor after compensation of grinding wheel feeding, ensure sensitivity and the accuracy of the detection of airflow field pressure.Its scope of application is relatively wider, avoids and uses in grinding fluid wet-milling processing, the adverse effect that grinding fluid causes signals collecting; Adopt differential screw mechanism as micro-adjusting mechanism, the gap between pressure sensor and emery wheel can be adjusted after compensation of grinding wheel feeding, ensure that the intensity of the dynamic pressure signal that will gather, and then ensure that the accuracy of the abrasion of grinding wheel amount calculated.But this device just finally measures the difference of diameter before and after stone, and the wearing and tearing of actual abrasion of grinding wheel mainly abrasive particle, there is very large error in the method.This device does not have the checkout gear of grinding temperature and grinding force to carry out the abrasion condition of side reflection emery wheel yet.

Through retrieval, the patent No. is nano particle jet micro lubricating grinding surface roughness Forecasting Methodology and the device of ZL201210490401.0, it comprises a sensor lever, described sensor lever left end is provided with contact pilotage, contact pilotage contacts with wheel face, sensor lever right-hand member is connected with inductive displacement transducer, and fulcrum place and the measurement mechanism body of sensor lever are hinged; Inductive displacement transducer is connected with AC power; Inductive displacement transducer data output end is then connected with filter amplifier, and filter amplifier is connected with calculator and oscillograph respectively, and calculator is also connected with memory.It characterizes emery wheel appearance with matrix, then according to grinding workpiece surface appearance generating mechanism, the surface topography of workpiece of deriving.Although this device has measured wheel face abrasive particle pattern, the wear extent of emery wheel can not be calculated.Therefore, this device still has worth improvements.

The wear extent of emery wheel is detected in disclosed patent, it is mostly the wear extent being calculated emery wheel by the diameter change of measuring someway before and after stone, but in the operating mode of reality, the distribution of plain wheel Abrasive Grain is random, certain rule can not sayed, so measuring abrasion of grinding wheel amount by conventional method is there is very large error.

Utility model content

The utility model is in order to solve the problem, propose the measurement mechanism that a kind of grinding-wheel grinder undermines G ratio, the utility model monitors abrasion of grinding wheel situation by acoustic emission at linear location, then measure wheel face abrasive particle one-dimensional profile by fibre-optical probe micro-adjusting mechanism in conjunction with computer corresponding software, calculate abrasion of grinding wheel amount, G ratio by integral calculus.Wherein, acoustic emission on-line monitoring has very large actual directive significance to lathe tool setting, abrasion of grinding wheel detection, emery wheel failure detection etc.

To achieve these goals, the utility model adopts following technical scheme:

A kind of grinding-wheel grinder undermines the measurement mechanism of G ratio, comprise workbench, workbench is provided with emery wheel, acoustic emission signal on-line monitoring system is installed before emery wheel, the moment stress wave produced when gathering wheel grinding workpiece, workbench is provided with fibre-optical probe micro-adjusting mechanism, fibre-optical probe micro-adjusting mechanism drives fibre-optical probe to carry out axis and radial motion, and fibre-optical probe measures wheel face abrasive particle one-dimensional profile; Emery wheel is other is provided with grinding force measurement mechanism and grinding temperature measurement mechanism, measure the grinding force of emery wheel and the temperature of generation respectively, corresponding information acquiring instrument is given by the information transmission of detection, information acquiring instrument, acoustic emission signal on-line monitoring system and fibre-optical probe are all connected with controller, controller, according to the information gathered, determines wearing and tearing and the G ratio of emery wheel.

Described controller can be one or different multiple.

Described acoustic emission signal on-line monitoring system, comprise preamplifier, low pass filter, data collecting instrument, calibrate AE sensor and protective device, wherein, calibrate AE sensor is arranged in protective device, the acoustic emission signal that calibrate AE sensor produces when detecting wheel grinding workpiece, acoustic emission signal is delivered to preamplifier and is amplified, preamplifier is connected by holding wire with low pass filter, low pass filter is connected with data collecting instrument, data collecting instrument is connected with controller, acoustic emission signal and presetting threshold value are made comparisons by controller, if exceed threshold value, display alarm.

Be provided with the pad that minimizing is collided between described calibrate AE sensor and protective device, calibrate AE sensor end is provided with rubber sheet gasket.

Described fibre-optical probe micro-adjusting mechanism, comprise support, axial feed device and radial feeding device, wherein, described support comprises bracket base, bracket base is fixing on the table, bracket base is provided with support and reinforcement, the feeding base of support back shaft to feed arrangement and the scratch diskette of radial feeding device;

Described axial feed device comprises a pair axial polished rod, and the two ends of two axial polished rods are separately fixed on feeding base; Between two axial polished rods, axial leading screw is also housed, axial leading screw two ends are connected with deep groove ball bearing, and deep groove ball bearing is arranged on feeding base both sides, and manually shake feeding handle strip movable wire thick stick completes axial feed motion;

Described radial feeding device comprises a pair radial polished rod, two radial polished rods are fixed on scratch diskette by end flanges, scratch diskette has axial feed polished rod and leading screw to support, radial leading screw is fixedly mounted on scratch diskette by bearing block, shake radial feed handle, leading screw drives the motion of lead screw guide rails seat, completes radial feed motion.

Described fibre-optical probe is fixed on probe support, probe support is fixed on frame bar, frame bar is fixed on support, the light that light source sends through directional coupler vertical irradiation at wheel face, fibre-optical probe receives the reverberation of tested wheel face, measuring-signal is transferred to fiber work case carry out amplifying, filter after be transferred to controller.

Described grinding force measurement mechanism comprises base, base is fixed with grinding dynamometer, work piece holder is provided with in the middle part of grinding dynamometer, workpiece is placed in work piece holder, the inherent X-direction of work piece holder is at least provided with a bolt, be provided with locating piece and at least one bolt in the Y direction, Z-direction be provided with at least one and hold down assembly and position; The measuring-signal of grinding dynamometer passes to force information Acquisition Instrument after amplifier amplifies, and finally passes to controller, to show the size of grinding force.

Describedly held down assembly three, and structure is identical, wherein two hold down assembly and are arranged on the side of workpiece, and another holds down assembly, and is positioned at the opposite side of workpiece; Each holding down assembly includes a pressing plate, and bolt is connected with a flat board through pressing plate, and flat board is arranged on work piece holder, is provided with pad between bolt and pressing plate.

The end thereof contacts of described grinding dynamometer surface and probe, the planar ends of probe and calibrate AE sensor close contact.

Described grinding temperature measurement mechanism is Semi-artifical thermocouple, and its working end is added between workpiece separately, and measuring-signal passes to data analyzer through temperature information Acquisition Instrument, and shows the workpiece temperature of thermocouple measurement by controller.

The beneficial effects of the utility model are:

(1) the utility model is provided with four parts: Part I is acoustic emission signal on-line monitoring system, detects the state of wear of emery wheel qualitatively, when state of wear exceedes computer pre-set threshold, sends alarm signal; Part II is optical fiber micro-adjusting mechanism, accurately realizes the axis of fibre-optical probe and moves radially; Part III is grinding force measurement mechanism, accurately measures grinding force suffered by workpiece in grinding process; Part IV is grinding temperature measurement mechanism, measures the temperature in grinding process with Semi-artifical thermocouple;

(2) the utility model can the online abrasion condition of qualitative detection emery wheel, and can measure grinding force and grinding temperature again, wherein grinding force and grinding temperature also have a well reflection to the wear condition of emery wheel; The quantitative wearing of emery wheel can also be calculated, thus provide the important parameter G ratio etc. of wheel grinding, very large actual directive significance can be had to the emery wheel tool setting of lathe, abrasion of grinding wheel detection, emery wheel failure detection etc. simultaneously.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 abrasion of grinding wheel, G ratio measure method and apparatus axonometric drawing;

Fig. 2 fibre-optical probe micro-adjusting mechanism axonometric drawing;

The axial feed axonometric drawing of Fig. 3 fibre-optical probe micro-adjusting mechanism;

The radial feed axonometric drawing of Fig. 4 fibre-optical probe micro-adjusting mechanism;

The sectional view of Fig. 5 fibre-optical probe micro-adjusting mechanism axial feed direction nut;

Fig. 6 fibre-optical probe micro-adjusting mechanism probe support front view;

Fig. 7 fibre-optical probe micro-adjusting mechanism support shaft mapping;

Fig. 8 grinding force measurement mechanism axonometric drawing;

Fig. 9 Workpiece fixing clamping figure;

Figure 10 grinding dynamometer axonometric drawing;

Figure 11 grinding temperature temperature measuring equipment schematic diagram;

Figure 12 workpiece sectional view;

Figure 13 Semi-artifical thermocouple thermometric schematic diagram;

Figure 14 calibrate AE sensor protective device sectional view;

Figure 15 acoustic emission signal detection display figure;

Figure 16 wheel face protrudes abrasive particle schematic diagram;

Figure 17 grinding-wheel grinder particle shape shape figure;

Figure 18 wheel face abrasive particle profile measuring process flow chart;

Figure 19 wheel face abrasive particle one-dimensional profile instrumentation plan;

Figure 20 wheel face tested abrasive particle one-dimensional profile curve map.

Wherein, 1-radial feed handwheel, 2-bearing block, 3-end flanges, 4-scratch diskette, 5-axial feed handwheel, 6-fiber work case, 7-support, 8-computer, 9-wire, 10-reinforcement, 11-magnetic working table, 12-data collecting instrument, 13-bracket base, 14-low pass filter, 15-preamplifier, 16-flexible pipe, 17-calibrate AE sensor protective device, 18-follower bolt, 19-cylinder pad, 20-panel nut, 21-pressing plate, 22-workpiece, 23-is dull and stereotyped, the dull and stereotyped bolt of 24-, 25-amplifier, 26-force information Acquisition Instrument, 27-wire, 28-computer, 29-temperature information Acquisition Instrument, 30-dynamometer bolt of lower base, 31-dynamometer base, 32-grinding dynamometer, 33-dynamometer bolt, 34-thermocouple, 35-work piece holder bolt, 36-work piece holder, 37-bolt, 38-locating piece, 39-emery wheel, 40-axial feed polished rod I, 41-feeding base, 42-axial feed screw mandrel, 43-axial feed polished rod II, 44-fibre-optical probe, 45-pops one's head in support, 46-trip bolt, 47-machine seat board, 48-frame bar, 49-bearing block trip bolt, 50-call wire, 51-support screw, 52-bearing block screw, 53-lead screw guide rails seat, 54-polished rod seat, 55-deep groove ball bearing, 56-nut, 57-radial feed polished rod I, 58-deep groove ball bearing, 59-radial feed screw, 60-radial feed polished rod II, 61-is dull and stereotyped, the little follower bolt of 62-, 63-decorative pattern hook bolt, 64-connector, 65-mica sheet, 66-probe, 67-sealing ring, 68-pad, 69-calibrate AE sensor, 70-rubber sheet gasket, 71-screwed hole.

Detailed description of the invention:

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the utility model is described in further detail.

As shown in Figure 1, abrasion of grinding wheel, G ratio measure method and system assembly axis mapping, formed primarily of acoustic emission signal on-line monitoring system, fibre-optical probe micro-adjusting mechanism, grinding force measurement mechanism and grinding temperature measurement mechanism; Fibre-optical probe micro-adjusting mechanism is made up of emery wheel axial feed and radial feed two large divisions, and wherein grinding wheel spindle is formed to feed arrangement by axially giving handwheel 5, feeding base 41, scratch diskette 4, axial feed leading screw 42 and two axial feed polished rods 40,43.Emery wheel radial feeding device is made up of radial feed handle 1, end flanges 3, machine seat board 47, lead screw guide rails seat 53, axial feed leading screw 42 and radial feed polished rod 57,60.

As shown in Figure 2, fibre-optical probe micro-adjusting mechanism is realized by screw nut driven, and this device is owing to adopting manually, and rotating speed is very little, and the power of transmission is little, and therefore adopt screw-nut structure, the screw thread of feed screw nut selects trapezoidal thread.When lead angle is less than equivalent friction angle, that is: λ < arctanf _vtime, wherein f _vfor equlvalent coefficient of friction, two leading screws 56,59 just have self-lock ability and leading screw can only drive nut, and nut can not be had to drive leading screw.In axial feed device: feeding base 41 is connected with gripping sleeve 62 by screw, axial feed polished rod 40,43 is fixedly connected with by boring in feeding base 41 both sides, and axial feed leading screw 42 is connected with scratch diskette 4 by nut 56.And in radial feeding device: radial feed polished rod 56,59 and scratch diskette 4 use end flanges 3 to be connected, because the leading screw of axis and radial feed rotates, therefore the leading screw two ends in two directions have deep groove ball bearing 55,57 respectively, the bearing block of these bearings is separately fixed on feeding base 41 both sides, scratch diskette 4, and bearing block 2 bearing block trip bolt 49 is fixed on scratch diskette 4.The distance range of fibre-optical probe axial feed is decided by the thickness of grinder wheel, and the thickness range through the known general grinder wheel of inspection information is 20-50mm, so the distance range of the fibre-optical probe axial feed of design is 15-60mm, meets actual needs.Axial feed leading screw 42 there is basic lead (L ₀₁, L ₀₂) different two sections of screw threads, its rotation direction is identical, and n is screw rotation velocity, and when shaking axial feed handwheel 5 and driving axial feed leading screw 42 to rotate, nut 56 drives the displacement of scratch diskette 4 to be: S=n (L ₀₁-L ₀₂).The size difference of its two basic lead is less, thus can obtain less moving displacement S.Such as select single head leading screw 0801 lead screw pair, so 08 represents that the large footpath of leading screw is helical pitch is 1mm, namely when shake axial feed handwheel 5, the corresponding mobile 1mm of fibre-optical probe 44, thus realizes the fine setting of fibre-optical probe in axial feed direction.On radial feed direction, optical fiber probe distance wheel face is nearer, and the precision of measurement also can correspondingly increase, but can there are some errors unavoidably in the course of the work due to emery wheel, as emery wheel circular runout, thus also can affect its distance.Decide the size of measuring distance according to different operating modes, thus the utility model devises radial feeding device to realize the microfeed in this direction, but its operation principle and axial feed are the same.This is the operation principle of fibre-optical probe micro-adjusting mechanism.

Fig. 3, Fig. 4 are axial feed and the radial feeding device axonometric drawing of fibre-optical probe micro-adjusting mechanism respectively.Fig. 5 is the sectional view of axial feed direction nut 56, is fixed by screws on scratch diskette 4, realizes the round fine setting motion of mechanism.

Fig. 6 is fibre-optical probe micro-adjusting mechanism probe support front view.By trip bolt 46, fibre-optical probe 44 is fixed on probe support 45, probe support 45 is fixed on machine seat board 47 by support screw 51, probe support 45 realizes the transmission with radial feed screw 59 by lead screw guide rails seat 53, and polished rod seat 54 plays the effect of auxiliary guide rail.

Fig. 7 is fibre-optical probe micro-adjusting mechanism support shaft mapping.Open after workbench 11, workbench 11 magnetizes and can make above bracket base 13 is adsorbed on, to reach fixing object.Carry out reinforcement by reinforcement 10 between frame bar 48 with bracket base 13 to be connected, feeding base 41 is fixed by screws in connector 64.

Figure 8 shows that grinding force measurement mechanism axonometric drawing.Former and later two dynamometer bases 31 fix grinding dynamometer 32 and with dynamometer bolt 33 and dynamometer bolt of lower base 30 fastening, the material properties of two dynamometer bases 31 is can magnetic conductive metal, open after workbench 11, workbench 11 magnetizes and can make above the base 31 of grinding dynamometer 32 is adsorbed on.Work piece holder 36 is fixed on the workbench of grinding dynamometer 32, workpiece 22 is placed on the workbench of grinding dynamometer 32, the six-freedom degree of workpiece 22 just can realize locating completely by the workbench of work piece holder 36 and grinding dynamometer 32, is illustrated in figure 9 Workpiece fixing clamping figure.The X-direction of workpiece 22 uses two bolts 37 to clamp, and in the Y-direction of workpiece, uses work piece holder bolt 35 pairs of workpiece 22 to clamp.Locating piece 38 one side and workpiece 22 contacts side surfaces, one side contacts with two bolts 37, and screwed in place bolt 37 makes locating piece 38 clamp in the X-direction of workpiece 22.Workpiece 22 adopts three pressing plates 21 to clamp in z-direction, three pressing plates 21 form self-regulation pressing plate by flat board 23, flat board 61, cylinder pad 19 and follower bolt 18, panel nut 20, when workpiece 22 length, width and height three sizes change, equip adjustable by two fixture bolts, 35, two bolts 37 and three pressing plate 21 realizations, meet the change in size requirement of workpiece 22.Locating piece 38 little follower bolt 62 and bolt 37 clamp.

Figure 10 is grinding dynamometer axonometric drawing.When workpiece 22 is subject to grinding force, measuring-signal passes to force information Acquisition Instrument 26 after amplifier 25 amplifies, and finally passes to computer 28 and shows the size of grinding force.

Figure 11 shows that grinding temperature temperature measuring equipment schematic diagram.Measuring-signal is sent to computer 28 through temperature information Acquisition Instrument 29, and demonstrates the temperature of thermocouple 34 measuring workpieces 22 by corresponding software analysis.In fig. 12, bottom workpiece 22, make a call to a groove, thermocouple wire 34 can be passed through.Figure 13 shows that Semi-artifical thermocouple thermometric schematic diagram, thermocouple both sides accompany 10 μm of thick mica sheets 65, play insulating effect.Semi-artificial method is on metal works, insert the thermocouple of insulation, and in grinding process, grinding heat makes thermocouple 34 and workpiece 22 form thermocouple junction in contact zone, and workpiece 22 itself is also as the part of thermocouple 34.Semi-artifical thermocouple is fewer than the artifical Thermocouple number of plies, and assembling is simpler, and size is little, thus measuring accuracy and reliability higher.

If Figure 14 is calibrate AE sensor protective device sectional view.In workpiece process; the residing environment of work is relatively severe; cutting fluid, chip etc. destroy as can be produced certain impact to calibrate AE sensor 69; thus devise the special protective device 17 to calibrate AE sensor, wherein the protective device 17 of calibrate AE sensor is configured with screw by two parts up and down of symmetry and is connected and fixed by screwed hole 71.Calibrate AE sensor 69 is arranged in the protective device 17 of calibrate AE sensor, and sealing ring 67 plays the sealing function to whole device, prevents environmental contaminants from entering the protective device 17 of calibrate AE sensor.There is pad 68 between the protective device 17 of calibrate AE sensor 69 and calibrate AE sensor, reduce collision impact between the two.Calibrate AE sensor 69 end installs a rubber sheet gasket 70, and the protective device 17 of the vibration and energy and calibrate AE sensor that reduce calibrate AE sensor 69 is better located.Probe 66 planar ends and calibrate AE sensor 69 close contact, probe 66 other end and grinding dynamometer 32 surface contact, in order to protect probe 66 to be destroyed, should use copper or aluminum to make.When wheel grinding workpiece, workpiece 22 forced contact district stress distribution changes, thus produces moment stress wave, namely sound emission (AE) signal.During abrasion of grinding wheel, the Amplitude Ration of AE signal will exceed more than 3 times at ordinary times, and the frequency distribution of AE signal also broadening to some extent, by measuring the amplitude of acoustic emission signal and the change of spectral characteristic, can know the situation that wheel face weares and teares.The intensity of acoustic emission signal is relevant with grinding force, and power increases AE signal amplitude and increases.Known by Figure 15 acoustic emission signal detection display figure, through probe 66, AE signal detects that the fainter preamplifier 15 that is then sent to amplifies, due to the AE signal that produces during wheel grinding workpiece generally within the scope of high frequency region amplitude com parison obvious, other signals are at low frequency range, therefore, the signal of grinding process generation can be filtered out by low pass filter 14, only retain the signal relevant with abrasion of grinding wheel, to identify abrasion of grinding wheel situation.Then, by data collecting instrument 12, through wire 10, information being entered computer 8 has corresponding software analysis process, presets the threshold value reserved make comparisons by computer, if exceed the display alarm of threshold calculations machine, emery wheel enters state of wear, otherwise can work on.

Figure 16 shows that wheel face protrudes abrasive particle schematic diagram.Under actual condition, the wearing and tearing meaning of emery wheel is exactly the wearing and tearing of emery wheel abrasive particle, draws abrasion of grinding wheel amount by the volume measuring abrasive wear.In workpiece material, the particle often containing multiple high rigidity, in abrasive particle swiping process relative to workpiece, can make abrasive particle generation mechanical wear, thus emery wheel is worn.Abrasive particle participates in the major part of cutting as emery wheel, create very large impact to workpiece surface quality.Grinding-wheel grinder particle shape shape figure as shown in figure 17, about scholar is mainly divided into four classes the shape of abrasive particle: conical, spherical, truncated cone-shaped and rectangular pyramid shape.

Figure 18 shows that wheel face abrasive particle one-dimensional profile measuring process flow chart.The light that light source sends through directional coupler vertical irradiation at tested emery wheel 39 on the surface, measured surface reverberation is received by fibre-optical probe 44, reference signal is changed into through PIN, the signal of the relevant amount of measured surface profile in fiber work case 6 amplifies, filtering and A/D transform, be sent to computer and provide wheel face abrasive particle outline to be measured curve by corresponding software, as shown in figure 20.

Figure 19 shows that wheel face abrasive particle one-dimensional profile instrumentation plan.When emery wheel 39 rotates with constant speed, when abrasion of grinding wheel degree measured by needs, carry out surface sweeping by fibre-optical probe 44 pairs of Grinding Wheel Topographies, obtain wheel face abrasive particle contour curve.

Figure 20 shows that wheel face tested abrasive particle one-dimensional profile curve map.Get emery wheel one week as the measuring period measuring abrasive particle contour curve, using emery wheel circumferencial direction as x-axis, emery wheel is radial as y-axis.The abrasive particle one-dimensional profile curve obtained when stone pre-test is: l ₁=f (s ₁), finally measuring the emery wheel abrasive particle one-dimensional profile curve obtained is: l ₂=f (s ₂).According to single variable integral calculus, integrating range (a, b) solves integral area to two curves, trying to achieve grinding-wheel grinder particle diameter to wear area is:

$S={\&Integral;}_a^b[f\left(s_1\right)-f\left(s_2\right)]\mathrm{dx}$

Utilize the axial feed in micromatic setting to regulate, as shown in Figure 2, grinding wheel width direction is moved left and right, measure 3 wheel face abrasive particle one-dimensional profile curves, then use said method to solve the curvilinear integral area S measured for 3 times ₁, S ₂, S ₃, finally ask for the mean value of emery wheel abrasive particle one dimension gauge wear area:

$\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{S}=\frac{S_1+S_2+S_3}{3}$

Again according to the thickness d of emery wheel, the wear volume calculating emery wheel is:

$V_S=d\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{S}$

The G ratio formula of emery wheel is inputted in relative program software in computer 8:

$G=\frac{V_W}{\mathrm{Vs}}$

Wherein V _wfor wheel grinding in the unit time removes the volume of workpiece material, V _sfor the volume of abrasion of grinding wheel in the unit time.

The course of work of the present utility model is as follows:

Composition graphs 1 to Figure 20 is known, during emery wheel 39 grinding work piece 22, moment stress wave can be produced, namely acoustic emission signal, acoustic emission signal is detected by calibrate AE sensor 69 by probe 66 through dynamometer 32, the fainter preamplifier 15 that is then sent to of signal now amplifies, the signal of grinding process generation is filtered out by low pass filter 14, only retain the signal relevant with abrasion of grinding wheel, then, by data collecting instrument 12, through wire 10, information being entered computer 8 has corresponding software analysis process to obtain a result, compare with pre-set threshold value, provide whether alarm signal.If do not reported to the police, emery wheel works on.If the alarm signal of sending, drive fibre-optical probe 44 to measure wheel face abrasive particle one-dimensional profile by the fibre-optical probe micro-adjusting mechanism be adsorbed on workbench 11, axial feed handwheel 5 realizes the adjustment in grinding wheel thickness direction, measures 3 emery wheel abrasive particle one-dimensional profile curves, to average; Radial feed handwheel 1 realizes the adjustment of emery wheel radial direction, regulates fibre-optical probe 44 and the suitableeest distance in emery wheel 39 surface, to reduce error.Record the signal amplification of wheel face abrasive particle one-dimensional profile signal in fiber work case 6, filtering and A/D converter to transform, be sent to computer and provide the tested one-dimensional profile curve of wheel face abrasive particle, to calculate abrasion of grinding wheel amount by corresponding software.And thermometric device for measuring force, the working end of thermocouple 34 is pressed from both sides the blind hole of being accomplished fluently by bottom in the middle of workpiece 22 by semi-artificial method derives, and is delivered to computer 28 shows grinding temperature through temperature information Acquisition Instrument 29.Through locating workpiece 22 with the workbench of work piece holder 36 and grinding dynamometer 32, after clamping with work piece holder bolt 35, bolt 37 and pressing plate 21 pairs of workpiece 22 again, grinding force measurement mechanism is placed on the appropriate location of magnetic working table 11, and connection signal amplifier 25, force information Acquisition Instrument 26 and computer 28, demonstrate the size of grinding force.The grinding temperature measured and grinding force also can reflect the degree of wear of emery wheel indirectly.

By reference to the accompanying drawings detailed description of the invention of the present utility model is described although above-mentioned; but the restriction not to the utility model protection domain; one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that; on the basis of the technical solution of the utility model, those skilled in the art do not need to pay various amendment or distortion that creative work can make still within protection domain of the present utility model.

Claims (9)

1. a grinding-wheel grinder undermines the measurement mechanism of G ratio, comprise workbench, workbench is provided with emery wheel, it is characterized in that: acoustic emission signal on-line monitoring system is installed before emery wheel, the moment stress wave produced when gathering wheel grinding workpiece, workbench is provided with fibre-optical probe micro-adjusting mechanism, fibre-optical probe micro-adjusting mechanism drives fibre-optical probe to carry out axis and radial motion, and fibre-optical probe measures wheel face abrasive particle one-dimensional profile; Emery wheel is other is provided with grinding force measurement mechanism and grinding temperature measurement mechanism, measure the grinding force of emery wheel and the temperature of generation respectively, corresponding information acquiring instrument is given by the information transmission of detection, information acquiring instrument, acoustic emission signal on-line monitoring system and fibre-optical probe are all connected with controller, controller, according to the information gathered, determines wearing and tearing and the G ratio of emery wheel.

2. a kind of grinding-wheel grinder as claimed in claim 1 undermines the measurement mechanism of G ratio, it is characterized in that, described acoustic emission signal on-line monitoring system, comprise preamplifier, low pass filter, data collecting instrument, calibrate AE sensor and protective device, wherein, calibrate AE sensor is arranged in protective device, the acoustic emission signal that calibrate AE sensor produces when detecting wheel grinding workpiece, acoustic emission signal is delivered to preamplifier and is amplified, preamplifier is connected by holding wire with low pass filter, low pass filter is connected with data collecting instrument, data collecting instrument is connected with controller, acoustic emission signal and presetting threshold value are made comparisons by controller, if exceed threshold value, display alarm.

3. a kind of grinding-wheel grinder as claimed in claim 2 undermines the measurement mechanism of G ratio, it is characterized in that, is provided with the pad that minimizing is collided between described calibrate AE sensor and protective device, and calibrate AE sensor end is provided with rubber sheet gasket.

4. a kind of grinding-wheel grinder as claimed in claim 1 undermines the measurement mechanism of G ratio, it is characterized in that, described fibre-optical probe micro-adjusting mechanism, comprise support, axial feed device and radial feeding device, wherein, described support comprises bracket base, and bracket base is fixing on the table, bracket base is provided with support and reinforcement, the feeding base of support back shaft to feed arrangement and the scratch diskette of radial feeding device; Described axial feed device comprises a pair axial polished rod, and the two ends of two axial polished rods are separately fixed on feeding base; Between two axial polished rods, axial leading screw is also housed, axial leading screw two ends are connected with deep groove ball bearing, and deep groove ball bearing is arranged on feeding base both sides, and manually shake feeding handle strip movable wire thick stick completes axial feed motion; Described radial feeding device comprises a pair radial polished rod, two radial polished rods are fixed on scratch diskette by end flanges, scratch diskette has axial feed polished rod and leading screw to support, radial leading screw is fixedly mounted on scratch diskette by bearing block, shake radial feed handle, leading screw drives the motion of lead screw guide rails seat, completes radial feed motion.

5. a kind of grinding-wheel grinder as claimed in claim 1 undermines the measurement mechanism of G ratio, it is characterized in that, described fibre-optical probe is fixed on probe support, probe support is fixed on frame bar, frame bar is fixed on support, the light that light source sends is through directional coupler vertical irradiation at wheel face, and fibre-optical probe receives the reverberation of tested wheel face, measuring-signal is transferred to fiber work case carry out amplifying, filter after be transferred to controller.

6. a kind of grinding-wheel grinder as claimed in claim 1 undermines the measurement mechanism of G ratio, it is characterized in that, described grinding force measurement mechanism comprises base, base is fixed with grinding dynamometer, be provided with work piece holder in the middle part of grinding dynamometer, workpiece is placed in work piece holder, and the inherent X-direction of work piece holder is at least provided with a bolt, be provided with locating piece and at least one bolt in the Y direction, Z-direction be provided with at least one and hold down assembly and position; The measuring-signal of grinding dynamometer passes to force information Acquisition Instrument after amplifier amplifies, and finally passes to controller, to show the size of grinding force.

7. a kind of grinding-wheel grinder as claimed in claim 6 undermines the measurement mechanism of G ratio, it is characterized in that, described in held down assembly three, and structure is identical, and wherein two hold down assembly and are arranged on the side of workpiece, and another holds down assembly, and is positioned at the opposite side of workpiece; Each holding down assembly includes a pressing plate, and bolt is connected with a flat board through pressing plate, and flat board is arranged on work piece holder, is provided with pad between bolt and pressing plate.

8. a kind of grinding-wheel grinder as claimed in claim 6 undermines the measurement mechanism of G ratio, it is characterized in that, the end thereof contacts of described grinding dynamometer surface and probe, the planar ends of probe and calibrate AE sensor close contact.

9. a kind of grinding-wheel grinder as claimed in claim 1 undermines the measurement mechanism of G ratio, it is characterized in that, described grinding temperature measurement mechanism is Semi-artifical thermocouple, its working end is added between workpiece separately, measuring-signal passes to data analyzer through temperature information Acquisition Instrument, and shows the workpiece temperature of thermocouple measurement by controller.