CN105645952B - 一种小损耗超高压陶瓷电容器用介质材料 - Google Patents
一种小损耗超高压陶瓷电容器用介质材料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105645952B CN105645952B CN201511026266.4A CN201511026266A CN105645952B CN 105645952 B CN105645952 B CN 105645952B CN 201511026266 A CN201511026266 A CN 201511026266A CN 105645952 B CN105645952 B CN 105645952B
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- 239000003985 ceramic capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium pentoxide Inorganic materials O=[Nb](=O)O[Nb](=O)=O ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910002370 SrTiO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910002971 CaTiO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000011656 manganese carbonate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910000016 manganese(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000013064 chemical raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- WMWLMWRWZQELOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth(iii) oxide Chemical compound O=[Bi]O[Bi]=O WMWLMWRWZQELOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000003746 solid phase reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000018 strontium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 5
- 235000006748 manganese carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims 5
- LEDMRZGFZIAGGB-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium carbonate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-]C([O-])=O LEDMRZGFZIAGGB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 9
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229940068984 polyvinyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910002367 SrTiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium carbonate Inorganic materials [Ba+2].[O-]C([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium carbonate Substances [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010532 solid phase synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010671 solid-state reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000001367 artery Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000013475 authorization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- JYPVGDJNZGAXBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth lithium Chemical compound [Li].[Bi] JYPVGDJNZGAXBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229910002976 CaZrO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017676 MgTiO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021523 barium zirconate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- UPWOEMHINGJHOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Co]O[Co]=O UPWOEMHINGJHOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009766 low-temperature sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 rare earth ion Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910014031 strontium zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种小损耗超高压陶瓷电容器用介质材料,所述介质材料的组成按重量百分比计为:BaTiO3 70‑90%,SrTiO3 2‑20%,CaTiO3 1.5‑10%,SrBi2Nb2O9 0.2‑5%,Bi3ZrNbO9 2‑8%,Nb2O50.05‑0.8%,CeO2 0.1‑0.6%,ZnO 1‑5%,和MnCO3 0.1‑0.5%。在本发明中,通过在陶瓷电容器用介质材料中同时掺杂SrBi2Nb2O9和Bi3ZrNbO9而实现了介电常数、介质损耗、直流耐电压、和体积电阻率之间的良好的性能平衡。另外,本发明还提供了一种用于制备陶瓷电容器用介质材料的方法以及所述介质材料的用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及无机非金属材料领域,尤其是涉及一种小损耗超高压陶瓷电容器用介质材料。
背景技术
近几年来,在高端民用产品市场中随着电力系统和脉冲功率的不断升级改造,例如遮断器、负载关闭器、高压电源等的设备对陶瓷电容器提出了高耐电压、低损耗、高可靠性、小型化和大容量等的要求。目前我国加大了对激光武器和电磁武器等的研究,并取得了一定的成果。激光武器需要瞬间提供巨大的能量,这种功能通过电路中的超高压电容倍压来实现,并且超高压电容器是电路中的核心器件。由于国内原材料的限制,我国在军事领域对超高压电容器的需求主要依赖进口,这给我国的国防安全带来了一定的风险。目前所需的超高压陶瓷电容器用介质材料不仅要求耐电压更高,而且还需要较小的介质损耗及较高的体积电阻率,以满足超高压电容器高可靠性。
在近期国内专利可查到的同类产品有:
中国专利号200410041863.X公开了一种中低温烧结高压陶瓷电容器介质,它采用的配方是:BaTiO360%-90%,SrTiO31-20%,CaZrO30.1-10%,Nb2O50.01-1%,MgO 0.01%-1%,CeO20.01-0.8%,ZnO0.01-0.6%,Co2O30.03-1%,铋锂固溶体0.05-10%。其电性能为介电常数2000-3000,耐电压为6kV/mm以上,降低烧结温度的添加物是铋锂固溶体。该专利中的陶瓷电容器介质损耗太高,介电常数较低,该专利的配方组成不同于本申请。
中国期刊《电子元件与材料》1989年第5期在“高介高压2B4介质陶瓷”的文章中公开了一种高压陶瓷电容器介质材料,该介质材料采用97.8wt.%BaTiO3+0.8wt.%Bi2O3+0.7wt.%Nb2O5+0.5wt.%CeO2+0.2wt.%MnO2的配方,其电性能为介电常数2500-2600,介电损耗为0.5-1.4%,直流耐电压为7kV/mm,该介质存在耐电压较差,介电常数太小,介质损耗大,且配方组成不同于本申请。
中国专利号2012101187726(授权公告号CN 102627456B)公开了一种低损耗高压陶瓷电容器介质,其组成按重量百分比计算为:BaTiO354%-91%,MgTiO31%-4%,BaZrO34-20%,SrZrO33-12%,CeO20.03-1.0%,ZnO 0.1-1.5%,CaTiSiO30.5%-7.5%,其介电常数最高值为3688,这直接限制了电容器大容量的应用,为了获得大容量超高压电容器,往往导致电容器体积过大,这与装备的小型化趋势相悖,并且其体积电阻率较小(数量级为1011),从而影响了超高压电容器的绝缘性能,且其配方组成与本申请不同。
中国专利号201210034278.1(授权公告号CN 102568821B)公开了一种高介电高压陶瓷电容器介质,按重量百分比计算其配方组成为:BaTiO355%-90%,SrTiO32-25%,MgZrO32%-15%,Bi3NbZrO32-10%,CeO20.1-1.0%,ZnO 0.5-1.5%,MnCO30.2-1.0%,其介电常数虽然较高10050-11603,但是体积电阻率小于1012,因此影响了电容器的绝缘性能及可靠性。另外,其介质损耗均在40×10-4左右,这将提高在使用过程中发生热击穿的概率,从而影响电容器的使用寿命及安全性能,并且其配方组成与本申请不同。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种介电常数高、介质损耗小、耐直流电压高且体积电阻率高的小损耗超高压陶瓷电容器用介质材料。在本发明中,通过调整陶瓷电容器用介质材料的配方组成,实现了超高压陶瓷电容器用介质材料的介质损耗<20×10-4,直流耐电压>12.6kV/mm,介电常数>5600,且体积电阻率>2.1x 1012Ω·cm。
在本发明的一个方面中,提供了一种小损耗超高压陶瓷电容器用介质材料,所述介质材料包括按重量百分比计的以下组分:BaTiO370-90%,SrTiO32-20%,CaTiO31.5-10%,SrBi2Nb2O90.2-5%,Bi3ZrNbO92-8%,Nb2O50.05-0.8%,CeO20.1-0.6%,ZnO 1-5%,MnCO30.1-0.5%。
优选地,本发明的小损耗超高压陶瓷电容器用介质材料的组成按重量百分比计为:BaTiO375-88%,SrTiO33-17%,CaTiO32-8.5%,SrBi2Nb2O90.5-4%,Bi3ZrNbO92.5-7%,Nb2O50.1-0.7%,CeO20.1-0.5%,ZnO 2-5%,和MnCO30.2-0.45%。
优选地,本发明的小损耗超高压陶瓷电容器用介质材料的组成按重量百分比计为:BaTiO375-85%,SrTiO34-15%,CaTiO33-8%,SrBi2Nb2O91-3.5%,Bi3ZrNbO93-6.5%,Nb2O50.2-0.7%,CeO20.2-0.5%,ZnO 1-4%,和MnCO30.2-0.4%。
优选地,本发明的小损耗超高压陶瓷电容器用介质材料的组成按重量百分比计为:BaTiO380-85%,SrTiO35-10%,CaTiO33-8%,SrBi2Nb2O91.5-3%,Bi3ZrNbO93-6%,Nb2O50.1-0.5%,CeO20.2-0.5%,ZnO 2-5%,和MnCO30.2-0.4%。
优选地,本发明的小损耗超高压陶瓷电容器用介质材料的组成按重量百分比计为:BaTiO380-90%,SrTiO32-10%,CaTiO31.5-5%,SrBi2Nb2O92-4%,Bi3ZrNbO93-5%,Nb2O50.2-0.7%,CeO20.1-0.5%,ZnO 1-3%,和MnCO30.2-0.35%。
在本发明的陶瓷电容器用介质材料中,以BaTiO3为主料。BaTiO3为钙钛矿型化合物,其介电常数最高可达25000,但是纯BaTiO3的介电常数在室温下只有1600。因此必须加入移峰剂,可以用不同的元素来取代钙钛矿结构中的A位和B位离子,以使BaTiO3居里点向室温移动,从而提高介电常数,例如A位取代的Sr2+,B位取代的Zr4+;同时为了降低材料的容量变化率,还需要添加展宽剂,例如A位取代的Ca2+、Mg2+、Bi3+,B位取代的Zr4+、Nb5+。另外,由于部分稀土离子在烧结过程中聚集于晶界,可以抑制晶粒生长,因此通过添加稀土氧化物可以显著提高介质材料的耐电压。同时通过添加锌、锰等氧化物来提高致密度,降低损耗,同时考虑环保的要求及良好的社会效益和经济效益,在本申请的陶瓷电容器用介质材料的系统中不添加铅、隔等有害物质。
随着介电常数的提高,BaTiO3的掺杂改性难度不断提高,仅依靠调整各组原材料的比例,无法满足电性能的改善,需要预先合成熔块进行掺杂。虽然现有技术中存在的陶瓷电容器用介质材料的介电常数>10000,但损耗较大接近50×10-4、直流耐电压小于12kV/mm。此外,虽然现有技术中存在陶瓷电容器用介质材料的直流耐电压>12kV/mm的情况,但其体积电阻率<1012Ω·cm、且介电常数<4000。
针对上述现有技术中的陶瓷电容器用介质材料存在的问题,在本发明中,通过在陶瓷电容器用介质材料中掺杂少量SrBi2Nb2O9和Bi3ZrNbO9而使得在实现降低介质损耗(<20×10-4),提高直流耐电压强度(>12.6kV/mm)的同时,还提高了介电常数>5600且使体积电阻率>2.1x 1012Ω·cm。即,在本申请中,通过在陶瓷电容器用介质材料中同时使用SrBi2Nb2O9和Bi3ZrNbO9而解决了现有技术中存在的不能同时兼顾介电常数高、介质损耗小、直流耐电压高、和体积电阻率大的技术问题。在本发明中,通过在陶瓷电容器用介质材料中同时掺入SrBi2Nb2O9和Bi3ZrNbO9而实现了介电常数、介质损耗、直流耐电压、和体积电阻率之间的良好的性能平衡。
在另一个方面,本发明提供了一种用于制备上述陶瓷电容器用介质材料的方法,包括以下步骤:取按重量百分比计的上述原料进行配料;将配好的原料进行研磨;在研磨的物料达到要求的粒径后与造粒添加剂一起研磨0.5-2小时,利用离心干燥塔进行造粒;以及对造粒料进行过筛,以获得陶瓷电容器用介质材料。
优选地,所述方法中使用的造粒添加剂为聚乙烯醇。
本发明的介质材料中所用的BaTiO3的制备方法包括:将常规的化学原料BaCO3和TiO2按照1:1的摩尔比进行配料,将配料研磨混合均匀后放入氧化铝坩埚内在1230-1250℃下保温2.5-3.5小时,通过固相反应来合成BaTiO3,冷却后研磨过120目筛,备用。
本发明的介质材料中所用的SrTiO3的制备方法包括:将常规的化学原料SrCO3和TiO2按照1:1的摩尔比进行配料,将配料研磨混合均匀后放入氧化铝坩埚内在1260-1280℃下保温2.5-3.5小时,通过固相反应来合成SrTiO3,冷却后研磨过120目筛,备用。
本发明的介质材料中所用的CaTiO3的制备方法包括:将常规的化学原料CaCO3和TiO2按照1:1的摩尔比进行配料,将配料研磨混合均匀后放入氧化铝坩埚内在1240-1260℃下保温2.5-3.5小时,通过固相反应来合成CaTiO3,冷却后研磨过120目筛,备用。
本发明的介质材料中所用的Bi3ZrNbO9的制备方法为:将常规的化学原料Bi2O3、ZrO2和Nb2O5按3:2:1摩尔比进行配料,球磨混合后在110-130℃下进行烘干,然后将烘干料放入氧化铝坩埚中在1150℃-1170℃下保温2.5-3.5小时,通过固相反应来合成Bi3ZrNbO9,冷却后研磨过120目筛备用。
本发明的介质材料中所用的SrBi2Nb2O9的制备方法为:将常规的化学原料Bi2O3、SrCO3和Nb2O5按1:1:1摩尔比进行配料,球磨混合后在110-130℃下进行烘干,然后将烘干料放入氧化铝坩埚内在1030℃-1050℃下保温2.5-3.5小时,固相反应合成SrBi2Nb2O9,冷却后研磨过120目筛备用。
在又一个方面中,本发明提供了上述介质材料在电容器中的应用。
在本发明中,经过优化以后的超高压陶瓷电容器用介质材料的直流耐电压>12.6kV/mm,介电常数>5600,介质损耗<20×10-4,且体积电阻率>2.1x 1012Ω·cm。这些电性能的提高为生产优异的超高压陶瓷电容器奠定了良好的基础,能够满足电力系统、脉冲功率、航空航天、激光武器等对电容器的要求。
此外,本发明的陶瓷电容器用介质材料烧成温度范围宽1280~1330℃,能够提高电容器瓷件的合格率,降低高压陶瓷电容器的成本,并且本申请的介质材料的组分中不含铅和镉,因此对环境无污染。本发明的介质材料的介质损耗小,因此使用过程中性能稳定性好,安全性高。而且,本发明中的陶瓷电容器用介质材料的制备工艺简单,原料易得。该介质材料的介电常数高,能实现陶瓷电容器的小型化、大容量,并降低成本。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施方式的超高压陶瓷电容器用介质材料的生产工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的及优点更加清楚,现结合实施例对本发明所要求保护的技术方案作进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用来解释本发明而并不用于限制本发明。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,提供了一种小损耗超高压陶瓷电容器用介质材料,所述介质材料包括按重量百分比计的以下组分:BaTiO370-90%,SrTiO32-20%,CaTiO31.5-10%,SrBi2Nb2O90.2-5%,Bi3ZrNbO92-8%,Nb2O50.05-0.8%,CeO20.1-0.6%,ZnO 1-5%,和MnCO30.1-0.5%。
在本发明的一个优选实施方式中,该小损耗超高压陶瓷电容器用介质材料的组成按重量百分比计为:BaTiO375-88%,SrTiO33-17%,CaTiO32-8.5%,SrBi2Nb2O90.5-4%,Bi3ZrNbO92.5-7%,Nb2O50.1-0.7%,CeO20.1-0.5%,ZnO 2-5%,和MnCO30.2-0.45%。
在本发明的一个优选实施方式中,该小损耗超高压陶瓷电容器用介质材料的组成按重量百分比计为:BaTiO375-88%,SrTiO33-17%,CaTiO32-8.5%,SrBi2Nb2O90.5-4%,Bi3ZrNbO92.5-7%,Nb2O50.1-0.7%,CeO20.1-0.5%,ZnO 2-5%,和MnCO30.2-0.45%。
在本发明的一个优选实施方式中,该小损耗超高压陶瓷电容器用介质材料的组成按重量百分比计为:BaTiO380-85%,SrTiO35-10%,CaTiO33-8%,SrBi2Nb2O91.5-3%,Bi3ZrNbO93-6%,Nb2O50.1-0.5%,CeO20.2-0.5%,ZnO 2-5%,和MnCO30.2-0.4%。
在本发明的一个优选实施方式中,该小损耗超高压陶瓷电容器用介质材料的组成按重量百分比计为:BaTiO380-90%,SrTiO32-10%,CaTiO31.5-5%,SrBi2Nb2O92-4%,Bi3ZrNbO93-5%,Nb2O50.2-0.7%,CeO20.1-0.5%,ZnO 1-3%,和MnCO30.2-0.35%。
在本发明的另一实施方式中,提供了一种用于制备上述陶瓷电容器用介质材料的方法,包括以下步骤:取按重量百分比计的上述原料进行配料;将配好的原料进行研磨;在研磨的物料达到要求粒径后与造粒添加剂一起研磨0.5-2小时,利用离心干燥塔进行造粒;对造粒料进行过筛,以获得陶瓷电容器用介质材料。
优选地,所述方法中使用的造粒添加剂为聚乙烯醇。
图1为根据本发明实施方式的超高压陶瓷电容器用介质材料的生产工艺流程图。具体地,如图1所示,在制备本发明的陶瓷电容器用介质材料的方法中,包括以下步骤:步骤101.取按重量百分比计的上述原料进行配料;步骤102.将配好的原料经过球磨机研磨一定时间;步骤103.在研磨的物料达到要求粒径后与造粒添加剂一起研磨0.5-2小时,利用离心干燥塔进行造粒;以及步骤104.对造粒料进行过筛,以获得陶瓷电容器用介质材料。
具体地,本发明的介质材料中所用的BaTiO3的制备方法包括:将常规的化学原料BaCO3和TiO2按照1:1的摩尔比进行配料,研磨混合均匀后放入氧化铝坩埚内在1230-1250℃下保温2.5-3.5小时,固相反应来合成BaTiO3,冷却后研磨过120目筛,备用。
本发明的介质材料中所用的SrTiO3的制备方法包括:将常规的化学原料SrCO3和TiO2按照1:1的摩尔比进行配料,将配料研磨混合均匀后放入氧化铝坩埚内在1260-1280℃下保温2.5-3.5小时,固相反应来合成SrTiO3,冷却后研磨过120目筛,备用。
本发明的介质材料中所用的CaTiO3的制备方法包括:将常规的化学原料CaCO3和TiO2按照1:1的摩尔比进行配料,将配料研磨混合均匀后放入氧化铝坩埚内在1240-1260℃下保温2.5-3.5小时,固相反应来合成CaTiO3,冷却后研磨过120目筛,备用。
本发明的介质材料中所用的Bi3ZrNbO9的制备方法为:将常规的化学原料Bi2O3、ZrO2和Nb2O5按3:2:1摩尔比进行配料,球磨混合后在110-130℃下进行烘干,然后将烘干料放入氧化铝坩埚内在1150℃-1170℃下保温2.5-3.5小时,通过固相反应合成Bi3ZrNbO9,冷却后研磨过120目筛备用。
本发明的介质材料中所用的SrBi2Nb2O9的制备方法为:将常规的化学原料Bi2O3、SrCO3和Nb2O5按1:1:1摩尔比进行配料,球磨混合后在110-130℃下进行烘干,然后将烘干料放入氧化铝坩埚内在1030℃-1050℃下保温2.5-3.5小时,固相反应合成SrBi2Nb2O9,冷却后研磨过120目筛备用。
在本发明中,经过优化以后的超高压陶瓷电容器用介质材料的直流耐电压>12.6kV/mm,介电常数>5600,介质损耗<20×10-4,且体积电阻率>2.1x 1012Ω·cm。这些电性能的提高为生产优异的超高压陶瓷电容器奠定了良好的基础,能够满足电力系统、脉冲功率、航空航天、激光武器等对电容器的要求。
实施例
现在结合实施例对本发明进行进一步描述。表1中给出了本发明各实施例试样的配方。
采用图1中所示的工艺流程来制备本发明的各实施例中的小损耗超高压陶瓷电容器用介质材料。
实施例1
首先,采用常规的化学原料通过固相法来合成以下熔块:BaTiO3、SrTiO3、CaTiO3、SrBi2Nb2O9、和Bi3ZrNbO9。
BaTiO3的制备:将常规的化学原料BaCO3和TiO2按照1:1的摩尔比进行配料,研磨混合均匀,然后将混合物放入氧化铝坩埚内在1240℃下保温煅烧3小时,通过固相反应来合成BaTiO3,冷却后研磨过120目筛,备用。
SrTiO3的制备:将常规的化学原料SrCO3和TiO2按照1:1的摩尔比进行配料,将其研磨混合均匀,然后将混合物放入氧化铝坩埚内在1270℃保温煅烧3小时,通过固相反应来合成SrTiO3,冷却后研磨过120目筛,备用。
CaTiO3的制备:将常规的化学原料CaCO3和TiO2按照1:1的摩尔比进行配料,研磨混合均匀,然后将混合物放入氧化铝坩埚内在1250℃下保温煅烧3小时,通过固相反应来合成CaTiO3,冷却后研磨过120目筛,备用。
Bi3ZrNbO9的制备:将常规的化学原料Bi2O3、ZrO2和Nb2O5按3:2:1的摩尔比进行配料,球磨混合后在120℃下进行烘干,然后将烘干的混合物放入氧化铝坩埚中在1150℃至1170℃下保温煅烧3小时,通过固相反应来合成Bi3ZrNbO9,冷却后研磨过120目筛备用。
SrBi2Nb2O9的制备:将常规的化学原料Bi2O3、SrCO3和Nb2O5按1:1:1摩尔比进行配料,球磨混合后在120℃下进行烘干,然后将烘干的混合物放入氧化铝坩埚中在1030℃-1050℃下保温煅烧3小时,通过固相反应来合成SrBi2Nb2O9,冷却后研磨过120目筛备用。
然后,取按重量百分比计的按照上述制备方法合成的BaTiO370%,SrTiO320%,CaTiO31.5%,SrBi2Nb2O90.2%,Bi3ZrNbO94.5%,以及按重量百分比计的Nb2O50.5%,CeO20.1%,ZnO 3.1%,MnCO30.1%。随后,将以上组分进行配料。将配好的料利用蒸馏水或去离子水通过球磨机进行研磨混合,其中料:球:水的质量比为1:3:0.8,球磨3小时,加入浓度为8%的聚乙烯醇溶液,球磨1小时进行造粒,然后将造粒料过70目筛,以获得粒度均匀、分布良好的粉料。然后,利用25吨的机械压机将该粉料压成生坯密度为3.8±0.02g/cm3的坯料,烧成温度为1280~1330℃,从而获得本实施例的陶瓷电容器用介质材料。然后,用68%浓度的银浆被银,在850℃下保温10分钟进行烧银,形成银电极,焊接引线,用环氧树脂进行包封,即得陶瓷电容器。对所获得的陶瓷电容器进行电性能测试,使用实施例1的介质材料制成的陶瓷电容器所对应的电性能在表2中示出。
表2中的各性能参数的测试条件如下:
利用4288A电容量测量仪来测试瓷料的容量与损耗,其中使用的测试电压为1±0.2V、测试频率为1kHz、测试温度为20±2℃。
电容器的介电常数按下列公式计算:
ε=14.4C·h/D2
式中:
ε:电容率(介电常数);
C:试样的电容量,pF;
h:介质的厚度,cm;
D:电极的直径,cm。
利用TH2681A型绝缘电阻测试仪来测试材料的绝缘电阻,其中使用的测试电压为100V、测试温度为20±2℃。
利用CS2674AX型耐压仪来测试材料的直流、交流下的耐电压,其中使用的测试温度为20±2℃。
实施例2
以与实施例1中相同的方式来制备实施例2的陶瓷电容器用介质材料。首先,采用常规的化学原料用固相法来合成以下熔块:BaTiO3、SrTiO3、CaTiO3、SrBi2Nb2O9、Bi3ZrNbO9。然后,取按重量百分比计的以下组分:BaTiO371%,SrTiO317.5%,CaTiO32.0%,SrBi2Nb2O90.6%,Bi3ZrNbO94.0%,Nb2O50.5%,CeO20.3%,ZnO4.0%,MnCO30.1%,并将以上组分进行配料。将配好的料利用蒸馏水或去离子水通过球磨机进行研磨混合,其中料:球:水的质量比为1:3:0.8,球磨3小时,加入浓度为8%的聚乙烯醇溶液,球磨1小时进行造粒,然后将造粒料过70目筛,利用25吨的机械压机将其压成生坯密度为3.8g/cm3的坯料,烧成温度为1280~1330℃,从而获得实施例2的陶瓷电容器用介质材料。然后,用68%浓度的银浆被银,在850℃下保温10分钟进行烧银,形成银电极,焊接引线,用环氧树脂进行包封,即得陶瓷电容器。对陶瓷电容器进行电性能测试,利用实施例2的配方制备的电容器所对应的电性能在下面的表2中示出。
实施例3-30
以与实施例1中相同的方式来制备表1中的实施例3-30中的陶瓷电容器用介质材料。并且,采用与实施例1中相同的测试条件对利用表1中的实施例3-30中的陶瓷电容器用介质材料制成的陶瓷电容器的电性能进行测试,使用实施例3-30的配方制成的电容器所对应的电性能均在下面的表2中示出。
比较例1
以与实施例1中相同的方式来制备比较例1的陶瓷电容器用介质材料。首先,采用常规的化学原料利用固相法来合成以下熔块:BaTiO3、SrTiO3、CaTiO3、Bi3ZrNbO9。然后,取按重量百分比计的以下组分:BaTiO371%,SrTiO318.2%,CaTiO34.0%,Bi3ZrNbO94.0%,Nb2O50.5%,CeO20.2%,ZnO 2.0%,和MnCO30.1%,并对以上组分进行配料。将配好的料利用蒸馏水或去离子水通过球磨机进行研磨混合,其中料:球:水的质量比为1:3:0.8,球磨3小时,加入浓度为8%的聚乙烯醇溶液,球磨1小时进行造粒,然后将造粒料过70目筛,利用25吨的机械压机将其压成生坯密度为3.8g/cm3的坯料,烧成温度为1280~1330℃,从而获得比较例1的陶瓷电容器用介质材料。然后,用68%浓度的银浆被银,在850℃下保温10分钟进行烧银,形成银电极,焊接引线,用环氧树脂进行包封,即得陶瓷电容器。采用与实施例1中相同的测试条件对陶瓷电容器的电性能进行测试,在下面的表4中给出了利用比较例1的配方制备的陶瓷电容器所对应的电性能。
比较例2-15
以与实施例1中相同的方式来制备表3中的比较例2-15中的陶瓷电容器用介质材料。并且,采用与实施例1中相同的测试条件对利用表3中的比较例2-15中的陶瓷电容器用介质材料制成的陶瓷电容器的电性能进行测试,利用比较例2-15的各配方制备的陶瓷电容器所对应的电性能在下面的表4中示出。
表1 本发明实施例1-30的陶瓷电容器用介质材料的组成
表2 实施例1-30的配方试样的电性能
表3 比较例1-15的配方组成
表4 比较例1-15的配方试样的电性能
从以上表2和表4中可以看出,在制备超高压陶瓷电容器用介质材料时,随着介质材料介电常数的提高,选择不同的合成熔块及控制其掺杂比例对电容器的电性能是至关重要的。在本发明实施例1-30的陶瓷电容器用介质材料中,通过同时使用SrBi2Nb2O9和Bi3ZrNbO9,可以获得以下优异的电性能:直流耐电压>12.6kV/mm,介电常数>5600,介质损耗<20×10-4,且体积电阻率>2.1x 1012Ω·cm。
与本发明的通过在陶瓷电容器用介质材料中同时掺杂SrBi2Nb2O9和Bi3ZrNbO9的实施例1-30相比,在陶瓷电容器用介质材料中仅使用SrBi2Nb2O9或Bi3ZrNbO9的比较例1-15中,直流耐电压<10.3kV/mm,介电常数<5200,介质损耗>30×10-4,且体积电阻率<5×1011Ω·cm。
由表2和表4中的电性能对比可知,在陶瓷电容器用介质材料中仅使用SrBi2Nb2O9或Bi3ZrNbO9的情况下,不能同时兼顾介电常数高、介质损耗小、直流耐电压高和体积电阻率大的性能之间的平衡。相反,在本发明中,通过在本发明的陶瓷电容器用介质材料中同时掺杂SrBi2Nb2O9和Bi3ZrNbO9而实现了介电常数、介质损耗、直流耐电压和体积电阻率之间的良好的性能平衡。
经过本发明优化后的超高压陶瓷电容器用瓷料的直流耐电压>12.6kV/mm,介电常数>5600,介质损耗<20×10-4,且体积电阻率>2.1x 1012Ω·cm,这些电性能的提高为生产优异的超高压陶瓷电容器奠定了良好的基础,能够满足电力系统、脉冲功率、航空航天、激光武器等对电容器的要求。
以上实施例仅是本发明的一些优选实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此。本领域技术人员应该理解,所有不背离本发明精神和范围的任何修改、替换或将本发明分成若干部分再进行组合的方式都在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种小损耗超高压陶瓷电容器用介质材料,所述陶瓷电容器用介质材料的组成按重量百分比计为:BaTiO3 70-90%,SrTiO3 2-20%,CaTiO3 1.5-10%,SrBi2Nb2O9 0.2-5%,Bi3ZrNbO9 2-8%,Nb2O5 0.05-0.8%,CeO2 0.1-0.6%,ZnO 1-5%,和MnCO3 0.1-0.5%;其中,所述小损耗是指介质损耗<20×10-4,所述超高压是指直流耐电压>12.6kV/mm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的陶瓷电容器用介质材料,其中,所述陶瓷电容器用介质材料的组成按重量百分比计为:BaTiO3 75-88%,SrTiO3 3-17%,CaTiO3 2-8.5%,SrBi2Nb2O90.5-4%,Bi3ZrNbO9 2.5-7%,Nb2O5 0.1-0.7%,CeO2 0.1-0.5%,ZnO 2-5%,和MnCO30.2-0.45%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的陶瓷电容器用介质材料,其中,所述陶瓷电容器用介质材料的组成按重量百分比计为:BaTiO3 75-85%,SrTiO3 4-15%,CaTiO3 3-8%,SrBi2Nb2O9 1-3.5%,Bi3ZrNbO9 3-6.5%,Nb2O5 0.2-0.7%,CeO2 0.2-0.5%,ZnO 1-4%,和MnCO3 0.2-0.4%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的陶瓷电容器用介质材料,其中,所述陶瓷电容器用介质材料的组成按重量百分比计为:BaTiO3 80-85%,SrTiO3 5-10%,CaTiO3 3-8%,SrBi2Nb2O91.5-3%,Bi3ZrNbO9 3-6%,Nb2O5 0.1-0.5%,CeO2 0.2-0.5%,ZnO 2-5%,和MnCO3 0.2-0.4%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的陶瓷电容器用介质材料,其中,所述陶瓷电容器用介质材料的组成按重量百分比计为:BaTiO3 80-90%,SrTiO3 2-10%,CaTiO3 1.5-5%,SrBi2Nb2O92-4%,Bi3ZrNbO9 3-5%,Nb2O5 0.2-0.7%,CeO2 0.1-0.5%,ZnO 1-3%,和MnCO3 0.2-0.35%。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的陶瓷电容器用介质材料,其中,所述陶瓷电容器用介质材料的直流耐电压>12.6kV-/mm,介电常数K>5600,介质损耗<20×10-4,且体积电阻率>2.1x1012Ω·cm。
7.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的陶瓷电容器用介质材料,其中,所述介质材料中所使用的Bi3ZrNbO9的制备方法为:将常规的化学原料Bi2O3、ZrO2和Nb2O5按3:2:1摩尔比进行配料,球磨混合后在110-130℃下进行烘干,然后将烘干料放入氧化铝坩埚中在1150℃至1170℃下保温2.5-3.5小时,通过固相反应来合成Bi3ZrNbO9,冷却后研磨过120目筛备用。
8.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的陶瓷电容器用介质材料,其中,所述介质材料中所使用的SrBi2Nb2O9的制备方法为:将常规的化学原料Bi2O3、SrCO3和Nb2O5按1:1:1摩尔比进行配料,球磨混合后在110-130℃下进行烘干,然后将烘干料放入氧化铝坩埚中在1030℃至1050℃下保温2.5-3.5小时,通过固相反应来合成SrBi2Nb2O9,冷却后研磨过120目筛备用。
9.根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的陶瓷电容器用介质材料在制备电容器中的应用。
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