CN105532404A - Method for improving artificial hybridization of willow cut twigs - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method for improving artificial hybridization of willow cut twigs. The method comprises the following steps: 1, bud twig collection and treatment, wherein an excellent single plant which grows robust and is free of plant diseases and insect pests and at the prime age is selected as a parent, and before buds begin to expand at the beginning of February, the twigs provided with buds are cut from the middle or upper portion of the crown in a selected mother tree, the diameter of each twig ranges from 1 cm to 2.5 cm, and the length of each twig is 1m; (2) after the twig is picked, conducting water planting on the male bud twigs in a greenhouse; placing the female bud twigs in shade for water planting, wherein the indoor temperature ranges from 8 DEG C to 11 DEG C, and the relative humidity ranges from 40% to 50%; three to five days later, moving the female bud twigs into the greenhouse for water planting together with the male bud twigs. According to the method, a soil culture method is adopted after the cut twigs are subjected to water planting and induced to root, the twigs are moved into flowerpots containing nutrient soil after root primordia emerge through water planting, for the bud twigs which are subjected to soil culture and root, a small amount of water is only supplied to the flowerpots when necessary, work such as pruning, cleaning and water exchange in the water planting process can be reduced, and labor and time are saved.

Description

A kind ofly improve the method that willow cuts an artificial hybridization

Technical field

The present invention relates to and a kind ofly improve the method that willow cuts an artificial hybridization.

Background technology

Cutting a water planting artificial hybridization is obtain important and one of the effective breeding methods of willow new varieties at present, is also the method that domestic and international indoor hybridization generally adopts.In water planting, cut a base portion anoxic, subject to microbial infection, cause variable color even rotten, secreting mucus obstruction conduit simultaneously, normal generation Water Transportation is smooth, for this reason, need cost a large amount of manpower and time, often carry out mucus and wash down to cutting a base portion and prune, also want often change water etc. to spray.The growth desired nutritional of seed derives from the nutrition of cutting and preserving in branch completely simultaneously, and must dredge fruit ears a large amount of on branch of deflorating, a small amount of seed of guarantee is grown.There is fruit ear and easily come off in water planting hybridization, even if obtain seed, less and not mature enough, breeding efficiency is low for amount.Adopt nutrient fluid cultivation, and the concentration of nutrient solution, temperature, pH value etc. easily produce acute variation, root system environment poor stability, require strict to nutrient solution circulation, administrative skill requires higher.For overcoming the shortcoming of water culture, replacing water culture with earth culture method, when decreasing on the one hand water planting, changing the tedious work such as water and pruning, facilitate taking root of female spray on the other hand, also provide adequate nutrients for spray grows.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of easy to operate, stable performance, the improvement willow that Cross fertile rate is high cuts the method for an artificial hybridization.In order to solve, a water culture experiment condition of cutting is strict, management trouble and the few and quality of fruit and seed also produced problem in the hybridization such as bad, take to cut earth culture method after a water planting root induction, namely after root restriction (white projection) appears in water planting female spray bottom, continuation in the flowerpot being added with Nutrition Soil of planting is cultivated, and then carries out the conventional artificial hybridization method such as pollinate.The method management is simple, and cost saving, has the system of good root growth environment, and seed and fruit access expansion is ripe simultaneously, and quality is better, and quantity is more.

Of the present inventionly to be achieved through the following technical solutions:

1. improve the method that willow cuts an artificial hybridization, comprise the following steps:

(1) Acquire and process of spray

Growth selection is healthy and strong, without damage by disease and insect, strengthen the fine individual plant in the length of time as parent, before bud at the beginning of 2 months starts to expand, on the elite stand chosen, from branch with bud of tree crown middle and upper part clip diameter 1-2.5cm, long 1m; Branch adopt lower after, male flower branch carries out water planting in greenhouse; The In Shade water planting of female spray, indoor temperature, at 8-11 DEG C, moves into greenhouse and male flower branch water planting simultaneously after relative moisture 40-50%, 3-5 days;

(2) the female spray of water planting

Choose female spray, each spray retains 5-7; Dredge for every and remove 1/3-2/3 bud, the full bud selected and remain should be evenly distributed on branch, and base portion being cut angle in water is 45-75 degree angle, immerses and is equipped with in the bucket of clear water, is placed in greenhouse and cultivates;

B, change water

First, add in water 1-5ml go out thimerosal 500ml inject through sterilization after water receptacle, depth of water 30cm; Indoor temperature, lower than under 15 degree, changes water once in two days, and indoor temperature, higher than more than 16 degree, changes water every day once; For the continuous pollution of anti-sealing, rinse branch otch and bucket when changing water, and add new water liquid again after former water liquid is thoroughly discharged, new water liquid place in advance in air be preheating to identical with former water liquid temp;

B, control temp. and humidity

The temperature 15-25 DEG C of water planting, relative air humidity 80-90%, quiet wind, ventilation, sunshine time 6-8h.

(3) plant

After the spray bottom in bucket grows root restriction, branch will be cut and be transplanted in flowerpot; Flowerpot diameter 30cm, high 22cm;

A. prepare Nutrition Soil, formula is 70% clay loam, 10% fine sand, 19% turfy soil, 1% superphosphate, mixes all by formula rate, with the KMnO of 5% ₄for subsequent use after aqueous solution sterilization;

B. transplant, Nutritive cube sterilization is after 3 days, puts into flowerpot, about degree of depth 25cm, place Nutrition Soil after being rinsed by spray base portion clean water, compaction in layers sprinkling of watering;

(4) maintenance

Temperature controls 15-25 DEG C by day, and the humidity initial stage is not low by 90%, and the later stage is not less than 60%, and shoot apex leaf bud treats that Zhan Yehou stays 5-7 sheet leaf, removes growing point; And at the boric acid of foliage spray 0.2%.

In the present invention's practice, first by the process of female spray water planting, break spray base portion resting state, impel spray to take root.Because branch itself is containing certain nutriment, running water can make rooting of cuttings and need not nutrient solution, thus cost-saving, reduce operation.But need refresh the water periodically to prevent the intrusion of extraneous bacterium; When after plant takes root because the nutrition in clear water far can not meet the needs of plant strain growth, therefore should transplant early or add Solution culture method; When spray base portion has root restriction, then plant in the flowerpot adding Nutrition Soil, bud and root can normal growths, then carry out conventional artificial hybridization.

Beneficial effect of the present invention: effectively solve the indoor water culture of existing willow, complicated operation, time-consuming, be hybridized to power low, the problem that Cross fertile rate is low, compared with general water culture, this method cuts earth culture method after a water planting root induction, be move in the flowerpot of band Nutrition Soil after root restriction appears in water planting, the spray that earth culture is taken root just waters a small amount of water to flowerpot when needed; The pruning of water planting can be reduced, clean and change the work such as water, saving of work and time.Spray supplements the growth that nutrient is conducive to embryo from soil simultaneously, and the fructescence is relatively short, obtains more fruit.In addition, water planting spray needs to reach certain rugosity guarantee flower and the nutrition required for seed development, and potted plant spray rugosity of taking root carefully, therefore can be adopted and more spend more a material in earth culture artificial hybridization breeding, retain more fruit ears, obtain extraordinary effect.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described.

1. improve the method that willow cuts an artificial hybridization, comprise the following steps:

(1) Acquire and process of spray

Growth selection is healthy and strong, without damage by disease and insect, strengthen the fine individual plant in the length of time as parent, before bud at the beginning of 2 months starts to expand, on the elite stand chosen, from branch with bud of tree crown middle and upper part clip diameter 1-2.5cm, long 1m; Branch adopt lower after, male flower branch carries out water planting in greenhouse; The In Shade water planting of female spray, indoor temperature, at 8-11 DEG C, moves into greenhouse and male flower branch water planting simultaneously after relative moisture 40-50%, 3-5 days; Branch can be made like this to form callus in advance and take root.

(2) the female spray of water planting

Female spray is dredged as far as possible and removes more leaf bud, and each spray only retains 5-7; Dredge for every and remove 1/3-2/3 bud, the full bud selected and remain should be evenly distributed on branch, and the clear water of the branch base portion after pruning is cleaned, and base portion being cut angle in water is 45-75 degree angle, immerses and is equipped with in the bucket of clear water, is placed in greenhouse and cultivates;

C, change water

First, add in water 1-5ml go out thimerosal 500ml inject through sterilization after water receptacle, depth of water 30cm; Indoor temperature, lower than under 15 degree, changes water once in two days, and indoor temperature, higher than more than 16 degree, changes water every day once; For the continuous pollution of anti-sealing, rinse branch otch and bucket when changing water, and add new water liquid again after former water liquid is thoroughly discharged, new water liquid place in advance in air be preheating to identical with former water liquid temp; Between the lights 17 time after or morning 9 time before carry out changing water.

B, control temp. and humidity

The temperature 15-25 DEG C of water planting, relative air humidity 80-90%, quiet wind, ventilation, sunshine time 6-8h.

(3) plant

After the spray bottom in bucket grows root restriction, branch will be cut and be transplanted in flowerpot; Choosing flowerpot diameter is 30cm, high 22cm;

A. prepare Nutrition Soil, formula is 70% clay loam, 10% fine sand, 19% turfy soil, 1% superphosphate, mixes all by formula rate, with the KMnO of 5% ₄for subsequent use after aqueous solution sterilization.

B. transplant, Nutritive cube sterilization is after 3 days, puts into flowerpot, about degree of depth 25cm, place Nutrition Soil after being rinsed by spray base portion clean water, compaction in layers sprinkling of watering.Spray large in each flowerpot plants one, and little spray plants two.

(4) maintenance

After the conventional hybridization such as artificial bagging, pollination, indoor will keep ventilating, and temperature controls 15-25 DEG C by day, and the humidity initial stage is not low by 90%, and the later stage is not less than 60%, and shoot apex leaf bud treats that Zhan Yehou stays 5-7 sheet leaf, remove growing point; And at the boric acid of foliage spray 0.2%.In management process, erase rudiment in time, water in good time, keep flowerpot humidity, and remove weeds in time, prevention and elimination of disease and pests.

Claims (1)

1. improve the method that willow cuts an artificial hybridization, comprise the following steps:

(1) Acquire and process of spray

Growth selection is healthy and strong, without damage by disease and insect, strengthen the fine individual plant in the length of time as parent, before bud at the beginning of 2 months starts to expand, on the elite stand chosen, from branch with bud of tree crown middle and upper part clip diameter 1-2.5cm, long 1m; Branch adopt lower after, male flower branch carries out water planting in greenhouse; The In Shade water planting of female spray, indoor temperature, at 8-11 DEG C, moves into greenhouse and male flower branch water planting simultaneously after relative moisture 40-50%, 3-5 days;

(2) the female spray of water planting

Select female spray, each spray retains 5-7; Dredge for every and remove 1/3-2/3 bud, the full bud selected and remain should be evenly distributed on branch, and base portion being cut angle in water is 45-75 degree angle, immerses and is equipped with in the bucket of clear water, is placed in greenhouse and cultivates;

A, change water

First, add in water 1-5ml go out thimerosal 500ml inject through sterilization after water receptacle, depth of water 30cm; Indoor temperature, lower than under 15 degree, changes water once in two days, and indoor temperature, higher than more than 16 degree, changes water every day once; For the continuous pollution of anti-sealing, rinse branch otch and bucket when changing water, and add new water liquid again after former water liquid is thoroughly discharged, new water liquid place in advance in air be preheating to identical with former water liquid temp;

B, control temp. and humidity

The temperature 15-25 DEG C of water planting, relative air humidity 80-90%, quiet wind, ventilation, sunshine time 6-8h;

(3) plant

After the spray bottom in bucket grows root restriction, branch will be cut and be transplanted in flowerpot; Choosing flowerpot diameter is 30cm, high 22cm;

A. prepare Nutrition Soil, formula is 70% clay loam, 10% fine sand, 19% turfy soil, 1% superphosphate, mixes all by formula rate, with the KMn0 of 5% ₄for subsequent use after aqueous solution sterilization;

B. transplant, Nutritive cube sterilization is after 3 days, puts into flowerpot, about degree of depth 25cm, place Nutrition Soil after being rinsed by spray base portion clean water, compaction in layers sprinkling of watering;

(4) maintenance

Temperature controls 15-25 DEG C by day, and the humidity initial stage is not low by 90%, and the later stage is not less than 60%, and shoot apex leaf bud treats that Zhan Yehou stays 5-7 sheet leaf, removes growing point; And at the boric acid of foliage spray 0.2%.