CN105439908A - 一种催化合成n,n′-二取代脲衍生物和咪唑衍生物的方法 - Google Patents
一种催化合成n,n′-二取代脲衍生物和咪唑衍生物的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- -1 N, N'-disubstituted urea Chemical class 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 title 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 67
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- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000006845 Michael addition reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- CXHHBNMLPJOKQD-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl carbonate Chemical compound COC([O-])=O CXHHBNMLPJOKQD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 20
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- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
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- VYDWQPKRHOGLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-nitroimidazole Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CN=CN1 VYDWQPKRHOGLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- QSNSCYSYFYORTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chloroaniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 QSNSCYSYFYORTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- IBAQONXUGFIUKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-(4-methylimidazol-1-yl)propanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CCN1C=NC(C)=C1 IBAQONXUGFIUKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000103 lithium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- WVYBLYKUAKXDLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(2-methylphenyl)urea Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1C WVYBLYKUAKXDLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UPUMJVLEADOLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(3-methylphenyl)urea Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(NC(=O)NC=2C=C(C)C=CC=2)=C1 UPUMJVLEADOLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQWHYODXTBJHQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(4-ethoxyphenyl)urea Chemical compound C1=CC(OCC)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC1=CC=C(OCC)C=C1 PQWHYODXTBJHQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPSIMDUNVYMPAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)urea Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 CPSIMDUNVYMPAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HIIZOYBOCSCLPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(4-methylphenyl)urea Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 HIIZOYBOCSCLPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YKPYOLBLHBADLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4-nitroimidazol-1-yl)propanenitrile Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CN(CCC#N)C=N1 YKPYOLBLHBADLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006000 Knoevenagel condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006254 arylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- CBZIRIFJGVCQNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 3-imidazol-1-ylpropanoate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CCN1C=CN=C1 CBZIRIFJGVCQNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004756 ethanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UREBWPXBXRYXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl acetate;methanol Chemical group OC.CCOC(C)=O UREBWPXBXRYXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- FCVZCNRQXHYTAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 3-(4-nitroimidazol-1-yl)propanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCN1C=NC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 FCVZCNRQXHYTAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NOIRWGDCLMOMJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 3-(benzimidazol-1-yl)propanoate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(CCC(=O)OC)C=NC2=C1 NOIRWGDCLMOMJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XITPCSZYASXMFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 3-imidazol-1-ylpropanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCN1C=CN=C1 XITPCSZYASXMFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C273/00—Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C273/18—Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups of substituted ureas
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/26—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups B01J31/02 - B01J31/24
- B01J31/28—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups B01J31/02 - B01J31/24 of the platinum group metals, iron group metals or copper
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D233/56—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms
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- C07D233/66—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D233/91—Nitro radicals
- C07D233/92—Nitro radicals attached in position 4 or 5
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- C07D235/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, condensed with other rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D235/04—Benzimidazoles; Hydrogenated benzimidazoles
- C07D235/06—Benzimidazoles; Hydrogenated benzimidazoles with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached in position 2
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- B01J2231/40—Substitution reactions at carbon centres, e.g. C-C or C-X, i.e. carbon-hetero atom, cross-coupling, C-H activation or ring-opening reactions
- B01J2231/42—Catalytic cross-coupling, i.e. connection of previously not connected C-atoms or C- and X-atoms without rearrangement
- B01J2231/4277—C-X Cross-coupling, e.g. nucleophilic aromatic amination, alkoxylation or analogues
- B01J2231/4283—C-X Cross-coupling, e.g. nucleophilic aromatic amination, alkoxylation or analogues using N nucleophiles, e.g. Buchwald-Hartwig amination
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种绿色、高效制备N,N′-二取代脲衍生物和咪唑衍生物的方法。所述通过芳香胺与碳酸酯缩合制备N,N′-二取代脲衍生物的方法包括:以磁纳米颗粒负载离子液体为催化剂,60~100℃和常压下,无溶剂条件,芳香胺与碳酸酯缩合反应8~14小时,得到相应的N,N′-二取代脲衍生物;以磁纳米颗粒负载的离子液体为催化剂,10~50℃和常压下,以乙醇为溶剂,取代咪唑与缺电子烯烃Michael加成反应1~5小时,得到相应的咪唑衍生物。其中,所述催化剂为:
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高效、绿色、以负载功能离子液体为催化剂合成N,N′-二取代脲衍生物和咪唑衍生物的方法。
技术背景
近年来,负载非均相催化技术引起了人们足够的重视,已经作为一种绿色反应技术广泛用于有机合成生产中(S.E.Davis,etal.,GreenChem.,2013,15,17-45)。用于固载的载体包括介孔分子筛(MCM-41和SBA-15)、碳和聚合物等(J.C.Bauer,etal.,ACSCatal.,2012,2,2537-2546;M.A.Newton,Chem.Soc.Rev.,2008,37,2644-2657)。然而这些固体负载的催化剂或多或少存在以下缺陷:与均相催化剂相比,催化活性低,导致反应速率和收率不理想;催化剂有效重复使用次数少和后处理比较复杂等。
为了避免以上缺陷,人们开发了一种全新的载体-超顺磁性纳米颗粒。与传统负载催化剂相比,超顺磁性负载催化剂具有催化活性高(高比较面积)、制备工艺简单(容易负载)、回收容易(通过外加磁场回收)和重复使用性好等特点,结合均相催化剂和非均相催化剂两者的优点,广泛使用在Michael加成(A.Ying,etal.,Catal.Sci.Technol.,2014,4,2115-2125)、Knoevenagel缩合反应(AYing,etal.,RSCAdv.,2014,4,33175-33183)、Ritter反应(M.BGawande,etal.,GreenChem.,2013,15,1895-1899)、芳基化反应(J.Lee,etal.,Tetrahedron,2013,69,5660-5664)等。考虑到超顺磁性纳米颗粒负载催化剂的优异性能,我们设计超顺磁性纳米颗粒负载功能离子液体,用于催化制备N,N′-二取代脲衍生物和咪唑衍生物。
发明内容
本发明的目的是利用新型负载催化剂催化芳香胺与碳酸二甲酯或者碳酸二乙酯制备N,N′-二取代脲衍生物的方法,催化咪唑与缺电子烯烃Michael加成制备咪唑衍生物的方法。
根据本发明,所述通过芳香胺与碳酸二甲酯或者碳酸二乙酯缩合反应合成N,N′-二取代脲衍生物的方法包括:以超顺磁纳米颗粒负载的离子液体为催化剂,60~100℃和常压下,无需有机溶剂,芳香胺与碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯缩合反应8~14小时,得到相应的N,N′-二取代脲衍生物;以超顺磁纳米颗粒负载的离子液体为催化剂,10~50℃和常压下,以乙醇为溶剂,取代咪唑与缺电子烯烃Michael加成反应1~5小时,得到相应的咪唑衍生物。其中,所述催化剂为:
其中,所述芳香胺与碳酸二甲酯或者碳酸二乙酯的摩尔比为1:0.5~1:0.6;所述咪唑类物质与缺电子烯烃的摩尔比为1:1~1:1.3。
其中,所述负载功能离子液体的摩尔量为芳香胺和咪唑类物质的0.001:1~0.01:1倍。
其中,所述芳香胺为苯胺、4-甲氧基苯胺、2-甲基苯胺、3-甲基苯胺、4-甲基苯胺、4-乙氧基苯胺和4-氯苯胺;咪唑类物质为咪唑、4-硝基咪唑、4-甲基咪唑和苯并咪唑;缺电子烯烃为丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯和丙烯腈。
其中,芳香胺与碳酸二甲酯或者碳酸二乙酯反应结束后,加无水乙醇回流搅拌半小时,外加磁场吸住催化剂,趁热倾倒反应液,冷却结晶析出固体即为反应产物;咪唑类物质与缺电子烯烃反应结束后,用外加磁场吸住催化剂,倾倒反应液,柱层析分离产物(洗脱液为乙酸乙酯甲醇体系);以上催化剂用外加磁体吸附回收,无水乙醇洗涤,60℃真空干燥5小时后用于下一批次反应,催化剂在芳香胺参与反应、咪唑参与反应中分别重复使用5次和6次,未发现催化效率明显下降。
本发明提供的利用新型超顺磁纳米颗粒负载的功能离子液体芳香胺与碳酸二甲酯或者碳酸二乙酯制备N,N′-二取代脲衍生物的方法,催化咪唑与缺电子烯烃Michael加成制备咪唑衍生物的方法,是通过以下途径来实现的:
本发明所使用的新型超顺磁磁纳米颗粒负载功能离子液体的制备过程:
称取咪唑(1.02g,15mmol)放入盛有5mL无水四氢呋喃的圆底烧瓶中,摇匀备用;称取氢化锂(0.16g,20mmol)在冰浴条件下缓慢加入到盛有5mL无水四氢呋喃的100mL圆底烧瓶中,摇匀备用;在冰浴及氮气保护条件下,将咪唑溶液缓慢滴加到氢化锂溶液中,再将1-氯-3-溴丙烷(1mL,10mmol)的四氢呋喃溶液在氮气氛围中缓慢滴加至上述混合溶液中,25℃反应24h。缓慢滴加蒸馏水淬灭反应,至有明显分层为止;再将真空常温旋蒸以除去四氢呋喃;用二氯化碳萃取(5×5mL),合并有机层,蒸干二氯化碳得到中间体1。制备得到的中间体用1HNMR,13CNMR结构确认。所述中间体1结构为:
往反应瓶中加入二氧化硅包荷的四氧化三铁(2g),加无水甲苯(40mL),超声1h,取3-氯丙基三乙氧基硅烷(0.72mL)溶于无水甲苯(20mL)中然后滴加到反应体系中,氮气保护下回流搅拌反应48h,反应结束后外加磁场吸附催化剂,用乙醇洗涤(4×10mL),真空烘干得到固体颗粒2。所述中间体2结构为:
取2g固体颗粒2,加无水甲苯(20mL),超声1h,取中间体1(0.864g,6mmol)溶于无水甲苯(10mL)中然后滴加到反应体系中,氮气保护下回流搅拌反应48h,反应结束后外加磁场吸附催化剂,用乙醇洗涤(4×10mL),真空烘干得到负载的功能化离子液体催化剂。所述中间体3结构为:
取1g固体颗粒3,加20mL无水乙醇,超声1h,取TBD(1.25g,5mmol)溶于无水乙醇(5mL)中然后滴加到反应体系中,氮气保护下回流搅拌反应48h,反应结束后外加磁场吸附催化剂后倾倒反应液,吸住的催化剂继续用乙醇洗涤(6×10mL),真空烘干得到最终催化剂(IL-TBDMNP),结构为
N,N′-二取代脲衍生物的制备过程是:
在装有磁力搅拌装置的三口烧瓶中,依次加入芳香胺、碳酸二甲酯或碳酸二乙酯和催化剂(IL-TBDMNP)。其中芳香胺与碳酸二甲酯或碳酸二乙酯的摩尔比为1:0.5-1:0.6,催化剂与芳香胺的摩尔比为0.001:1~0.01:1,无溶剂60~100℃常压反应8~14小时,薄层色谱(TLC)跟踪反应进度。反应结束后,加入无水乙醇回流半小时,外加磁场吸住催化剂,倾倒液体冷却结晶析出固体即为N,N′-二取代脲衍生物。将产物进行核磁表征。回收的催化剂用无水乙醇洗涤,60℃真空干燥5小时后用于下一批次反应,催化剂重复使用5次,未发现反应收率明显下降。反应产物用1HNMR,13CNMR结构确认。
咪唑衍生物的制备过程是:
在装有磁力搅拌装置的三口烧瓶中,依次加入咪唑类物质、缺电子烯烃、无水乙醇和催化剂(IL-TBDMNP)。其中咪唑类物质与缺电子烯烃的摩尔比为1:1~1:1.3,催化剂与咪唑类物质的摩尔比为0.001:1~0.01:1,10~50℃常压反应1~5小时,薄层色谱(TLC)跟踪反应进度。反应结束后,外加磁场固定催化剂,倾倒反应液,柱层析分离得到产物,催化剂用无水乙醇洗涤3后60℃真空干燥5小时后用于下一批次反应,催化剂重复使用6次,未发现催化效率明显下降。反应产物用1HNMR,13CNMR结构确认。
具体实施方式
以下将结合实施例对本发明做进一步说明,本发明的实施例仅用于说明本发明的技术方案,并非限定本发明。
实施例1
将苯胺(6mmol)、碳酸二甲酯(3mmol)和催化剂(0.1g,0.0275mmol)依次加入到50mL三口瓶中,80℃反应,反应8小时,TLC检测,原料反应完全,加入无水乙醇(10mL),回流搅拌半小时,冷却结晶,析出固体经真空干燥得到产品,收率70%,含量99%。
1,3-Diphenylurea
1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO)(ppm):δ6.96(t,2H,J=7.2Hz),7.28(t,4H,J=7.2Hz),7.44(d,4H,J=7.6Hz),8.64(s,2H);13CNMR(100MHz,DMSO):δ123.42,127.02,133.99,144.93,157.75.MSm/z:212.09,Anal.CalcdforC13H12N2O:C,73.56;H,5.70;N,13.20;O,7.54;foundC,73.50;H,5.74;N,13.18;O,7.58.
实施例2
将苯胺(6mmol)、碳酸二甲酯(3mmol)和催化剂(0.218g,0.006mmol)依次加入到50mL三口瓶中,100℃反应,反应10小时,TLC检测,原料未反应完全,加入无水乙醇(10mL),回流搅拌半小时,冷却结晶,析出固体经真空干燥得到产品,收率61%,含量98%。
实施例3
将苯胺(6mmol)、碳酸二甲酯(3.6mmol)和催化剂(0.1g,0.0275mmol)依次加入到50mL三口瓶中,80℃反应,反应8小时,TLC检测,原料反应完全,加入无水乙醇(10mL),回流搅拌半小时,冷却结晶,析出固体经真空干燥得到产品,收率69%,含量98%。
实施例4
将4-甲氧基苯胺(6mmol)、碳酸二甲酯(3mmol)和催化剂(0.1g,0.0275mmol)依次加入到50mL三口瓶中,80℃反应,反应8小时,TLC检测,原料反应完全,加入无水乙醇(10mL),回流搅拌半小时,冷却结晶,析出固体经真空干燥得到产品,收率76%,含量99%。
1,3-Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)urea
1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO)(ppm):δ3.71(s,6H),6.84(d,4H,J=9.2Hz),7.32(d,4H,J=9.2Hz),8.36(s,2H);13CNMR(100MHz,DMSO):δ55.65,114.44,120.39,133.42,153.42,154.82.MSm/z:272.12,Anal.CalcdforC15H16N2O3:C,66.16;H,5.92;N,10.29;O,17.63;foundC,66.10;H,5.95;N,10.27;O,17.68.
实施例5
将2-甲基苯胺(6mmol)、碳酸二甲酯(3mmol)和催化剂(0.1g,0.0275mmol)依次加入到50mL三口瓶中,80℃反应,反应8小时,TLC检测,原料反应完全,加入无水乙醇(10mL),回流搅拌半小时,冷却结晶,析出固体经真空干燥得到产品,收率63%,含量98%。
1,3-Di-o-tolylurea
1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO)(ppm):δ2.27(s,6H),6.94(t,2H,J=7.2Hz),7.17(d,2H,J=7.6Hz),7.14(t,2H,J=8.0Hz),7.80(d,2H,J=8.0Hz),8.24(s,2H);13CNMR(100MHz,DMSO):δ23.24,126.75,127.91,131.30,133.00,135.39,142.73,158.19.MSm/z:240.13,Anal.CalcdforC15H16N2O:C,74.97;H,6.71;N,11.66;O,6.66;O,15.98;foundC,74.94;H,6.73;N,11.62;O,6.71.
实施例6
将3-甲基苯胺(6mmol)、碳酸二甲酯(3mmol)和催化剂(0.1g,0.0275mmol)依次加入到50mL三口瓶中,80℃反应,反应8小时,TLC检测,原料反应完全,加入无水乙醇(10mL),回流搅拌半小时,冷却结晶,析出固体经真空干燥得到产品,收率72%,含量99%。
1,3-Di-m-tolylurea
1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO)(ppm):δ2.28(s,6H),6.77(d,2H,J=7.6Hz),7.15(t,2H,J=8.0Hz),7.21(d,2H,J=8.0Hz),7.31(s,2H),8.56(s,2H);13CNMR(100MHz,DMSO):δ26.43,120.56,123.90,127.73,133.82,143.15,144.88,157.71.MSm/z:240.13,Anal.CalcdforC15H16N2O:C,74.97;H,6.71;N,11.66;O,6.66;O,15.98;foundC,74.94;H,6.73;N,11.62;O,6.71.
实施例7
将4-甲基苯胺(6mmol)、碳酸二甲酯(3mmol)和催化剂(0.1g,0.0275mmol)依次加入到50mL三口瓶中,80℃反应,反应8小时,TLC检测,原料反应完全,加入无水乙醇(10mL),回流搅拌半小时,冷却结晶,析出固体经真空干燥得到产品,收率74%,含量99%。
1,3-Di-p-tolylurea
1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO)(ppm):δ2.24(s,6H),7.06(d,4H,J=8.0Hz),7.34(d,4H,J=8.4Hz),8.49(s,2H);13CNMR(100MHz,DMSO):δ20.79,118.70,129.61,130.96,137.70,153.10.MSm/z:240.13,Anal.CalcdforC15H16N2O:C,74.97;H,6.71;N,11.66;O,6.66;foundC,74.94;H,6.73;N,11.62;O,6.71.
实施例8
将4-乙氧基苯胺(6mmol)、碳酸二甲酯(3mmol)和催化剂(0.1g,0.0275mmol)依次加入到50mL三口瓶中,80℃反应,反应8小时,TLC检测,原料反应完全,加入无水乙醇(10mL),回流搅拌半小时,冷却结晶,析出固体经真空干燥得到产品,收率78%,含量99%。
1,3-Bis(4-ethoxyphenyl)urea
1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO)(ppm):δ1.30(t,6H,J=7.2Hz),3.94-3.99(m,4H),6.82(d,4H,J=8.8Hz),7.31(d,4H,J=8.8Hz),8.35(s,2H);13CNMR(100MHz,DMSO):δ15.20,63.58,115.03,120.37,133.34,153.42,154.05.MSbm/z:300.15,Anal.CalcdforC17H20N2O3:C,67.98;H,6.71;N,9.33;O,15.98;foundC,67.94;H,6.73;N,9.31;O,16.02.
实施例9
将4-甲氧基苯胺(6mmol)、碳酸二乙酯(3mmol)和催化剂(0.1g,0.0275mmol)依次加入到50mL三口瓶中,80℃反应,反应14小时,TLC检测,原料反应完全,加入无水乙醇(10mL),回流搅拌半小时,冷却结晶,析出固体经真空干燥得到产品,收率81%,含量98%。
实施例10
将4-甲基苯胺(6mmol)、碳酸二乙酯(3mmol)和催化剂(0.1g,0.0275mmol)依次加入到50mL三口瓶中,80℃反应,反应14小时,TLC检测,原料反应完全,加入无水乙醇(10mL),回流搅拌半小时,冷却结晶,析出固体经真空干燥得到产品,收率80%,含量98%。
实施例11
将苯胺(6mmol)、碳酸二甲酯(3mmol)和实施例1中经外加磁体回收60℃真空干燥5小时后的催化剂依次加入到50mL三口瓶中,80℃反应,反应8小时,TLC检测,原料反应完全,加入无水乙醇(10mL),回流搅拌半小时,冷却结晶,析出固体经真空干燥得到产品,收率68%,含量99%。离子液体重复使用5次,未发现收率明显下降,具体见表1.NMR数据实施例1。
表1
实施例12
将咪唑(2mmol)、丙烯酸甲酯(2.2mmol)、无水乙醇(3mL)和催化剂(0.04g,0.011mmol)、依次加入到50mL单口瓶中,室温搅拌2小时,TLC检测,原料消失,外加磁场吸住催化剂,倾倒反应液,柱层析分离得到产品,收率94%,含量98%。
Methyl-3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propanoate
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):δ2.72(t,2H,J=6Hz),3.62(s,3H),4.20(t,2H,J=2.4Hz),6.86(d,1H,J=4.4Hz),6.95(d,1H,J=6Hz),7.43(d,1H,J=4.8Hz);13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):δ35.46,42.00,51.77,118.75,129.17,137.10,170.84.MSm/z=154.1,AnalCalcdforC7H10N2O2:C,54.54;H,6.54;N,18.17;O,20.75;foundC,54.50;H,6.58;N,18.14;O,20.78.
实施例13
将咪唑(2mmol)、丙烯酸甲酯(2.2mmol)、无水乙醇(3mL)和催化剂(0.04g,0.011mmol)、依次加入到50mL单口瓶中,10℃搅拌5小时,TLC检测,原料消失,外加磁场吸住催化剂,倾倒反应液,柱层析分离得到产品,收率86%,含量98%。
实施例14
将咪唑(2mmol)、丙烯酸甲酯(2.6mmol)、无水乙醇(3mL)和催化剂(0.007g,0.002mmol)、依次加入到50mL单口瓶中,室温搅拌5小时,TLC检测,原料消失,外加磁场吸住催化剂,倾倒反应液,柱层析分离得到产品,收率75%,含量97%。
实施例15
将4-甲基咪唑(2mmol)、丙烯酸甲酯(2.2mmol)、无水乙醇(3mL)和催化剂(0.04g,0.011mmol)、依次加入到50mL单口瓶中,室温搅拌2小时,TLC检测,原料消失,外加磁场吸住催化剂,倾倒反应液,柱层析分离得到产品,收率89%,含量98%。
Ethyl-3-(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)propanoate
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):δ0.97(t,3H,J=6.8Hz),1.95(s,3H),2.47(t,2H,J=6.8Hz),3.84-3.90(m,4H),6.40(s,1H),7.12(s,1H).13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ13.84,14.00,35.71,41.93,60.69,115.06,136.17,138.1,170.4.MSm/z=182.1,AnalCalcdforC9H14N2O2:C,59.32;H,7.74;N,15.37;O,17.56;foundC,59.27;H,7.78;N,15.35;O,17.60.
实施例16
将4-硝基咪唑(2mmol)、丙烯酸甲酯(2.2mmol)、无水乙醇(3mL)和催化剂(0.04g,0.011mmol)、依次加入到50mL单口瓶中,室温搅拌2小时,TLC检测,原料消失,外加磁场吸住催化剂,倾倒反应液,柱层析分离得到产品,收率90%,含量96%。
Methyl-3-(4-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)propanoate
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):δ2.88(t,2H,J=6Hz),3.73(s,3H),4.38(t,2H,J=6Hz),7.53(s,1H),7.87(s,1H);13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):δ35.1,43.5,52.5,119.5,136.4,148.2,170.5.MSm/z=199.1,AnalCalcdforC7H9N3O4:C,42.21;H,4.55;N,21.10;O,32.13;foundC,42.10;H,4.62;N,21.08;O,32.20.
实施例17
将4-甲基咪唑(2mmol)、丙烯酸乙酯(2.2mmol)、无水乙醇(3mL)和催化剂(0.04g,0.011mmol)、依次加入到50mL单口瓶中,室温搅拌3小时,TLC检测,原料消失,外加磁场吸住催化剂,倾倒反应液,柱层析分离得到产品,收率84%,含量97%。
Ethyl-3-(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)propanoate
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):δ0.97(t,3H,J=6.8Hz),1.95(s,3H),2.47(t,2H,J=6.8Hz),3.84-3.90(m,4H),6.40(s,1H),7.12(s,1H).13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ13.84,14.00,35.71,41.93,60.69,115.06,136.17,138.1,170.4.MSm/z=182.1,AnalCalcdforC9H14N2O2:C,59.32;H,7.74;N,15.37;O,17.56;foundC,59.27;H,7.78;N,15.35;O,17.60.
实施例18
将咪唑(2mmol)、丙烯酸正丁酯(2.2mmol)、无水乙醇(3mL)和催化剂(0.04g,0.011mmol)、依次加入到50mL单口瓶中,室温搅拌3小时,TLC检测,原料消失,外加磁场吸住催化剂,倾倒反应液,柱层析分离得到产品,收率84%,含量97%。
Butyl-3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propanoate
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):δ0.76(t,3H,J=7.6Hz),1.18(d,2H,J=7.6Hz),1.41(d,2H,J=7.6Hz),2.62(t,2H,J=6.8Hz),3.93(t,2H,J=6.4Hz),4.11(t,2H,J=6.8Hz),6.80(s,1H),6.87(s,1H),7.35(s,1H);13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):δ14.1,21.8,62.5,101.4,115.7,128.8,131.2,144.6,155.0,162.7.MSm/z=196.1,AnalCalcdforC10H16N2O2:C,61.20;H,8.22;N,14.27;O16.31;foundC,61.14;H,8.26;N,14.25;O,16.35.
实施例19
将4-硝基咪唑(2mmol)、丙烯腈(2.2mmol)、无水乙醇(3mL)和催化剂(0.04g,0.011mmol)、依次加入到50mL单口瓶中,室温搅拌3小时,TLC检测,原料消失,外加磁场吸住催化剂,倾倒反应液,柱层析分离得到产品,收率84%,含量98%。
3-(4-Nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)propanenitrile
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):δ3.19(t,2H,J=6.4Hz),4.31(t,2H,J=6.4Hz),7.95(d,1H,J=1.6Hz),8.50(d,1H,J=1.6Hz);13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):δ19.4,43.5,118.5,121.7,138.0,147.6.MSm/z=166.1,AnalCalcdforC6H6N4O2:C,43.38;H,3.64;N,33.72;O,19.26;foundC,43.30;H,3.70;N,33.70;O,19.30.
实施例20
将苯并咪唑(2mmol)、丙烯酸乙酯(2.2mmol)、无水乙醇(3mL)和催化剂(0.04g,0.011mmol)、依次加入到50mL单口瓶中,室温搅拌3小时,TLC检测,原料消失,外加磁场吸住催化剂,倾倒反应液,柱层析分离得到产品,收率70%,含量98%。
Methyl-3-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)propanoate
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):δ2.53(t,2H,J=6.4Hz),3.32(s,3H),4.11(t,2H,J=6.4Hz),7.00-7.03(m,1H),7.58-7.59(m,1H),7.72(s,1H);13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):δ33.78,40.00,51.69,109.38,119.99,121.95,122.75,133.22,143.34,143.53,170.89.MSm/z=204.1,AnalCalcdforC11H12N2O2:C,64.69;H,5.92;N,13.72;O,15.67;foundC,64.61;H,5.97;N,13.70;O,15.72.
实施例21
将咪唑(2mmol)、丙烯酸甲酯(2.6mmol)、无水乙醇(3mL)和实施例1中经外加磁体回收60℃真空干燥5小时后的催化剂,室温搅拌2小时,TLC检测,原料消失,外加磁场吸住催化剂,倾倒反应液,柱层析分离得到产品,收率91%,含量97%。超顺磁纳米颗粒负载功能离子液体重复使用6次,未发现收率明显下降,具体见表2.NMR数据实施例12。
表2
需要说明的是,上述发明内容及具体实施方式意在证明本发明所提供技术方案的实际应用,不应解释为对本发明保护范围的限定。本领域技术人员在本发明的精神和原理内,当可作各种修改、等同替换、或改进。本发明的保护范围以所附权利要求书为准。
Claims (7)
1.一种制备N,N′-二取代脲衍生物和咪唑衍生物的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括以超顺磁纳米颗粒负载的离子液体为催化剂,60~100℃和常压下,无需有机溶剂,芳香胺与碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯缩合反应8~14小时,得到相应的N,N′-二取代脲衍生物;以超顺磁纳米颗粒负载的离子液体为催化剂,10~50℃和常压下,以乙醇为溶剂,取代咪唑与缺电子烯烃Michael加成反应1~5小时,得到相应的咪唑衍生物。其中,所述催化剂为:
该催化剂的制备过程如下:
称取咪唑与1-氯-3-溴丙烷反应得到中间体1。制备得到的中间体用1HNMR,13CNMR结构确认。所述中间体1结构为:
往反应瓶中加入二氧化硅包荷的四氧化三铁和3-氯丙基三乙氧基硅烷在无水甲苯中,氮气保护下回流搅拌反应48h得到固体颗粒2。所述中间体2结构为:
固体颗粒2和中间体1在无水甲苯中,氮气保护下回流搅拌反应48h得到固体颗粒3。所述中间体3结构为:
固体颗粒3与TBD在无水甲苯中,氮气保护下回流搅拌反应48h得到固体颗粒得到最终催化剂(IL-TBDMNP),结构为
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述芳香胺与碳酸二甲酯或者碳酸二乙酯的摩尔比为1:0.5~1:0.6;所述咪唑类物质与缺电子烯烃的摩尔比为1:1~1:1.3。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所其中,所述负载功能离子液体的摩尔量为芳香胺和咪唑类物质的0.001:1~0.01:1倍。
4.如权利要求1或2或3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述芳香胺为苯胺、4-甲氧基苯胺、2-甲基苯胺、3-甲基苯胺、4-甲基苯胺、4-乙氧基苯胺和4-氯苯胺;咪唑类物质为咪唑、4-硝基咪唑、4-甲基咪唑和苯并咪唑;缺电子烯烃为丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯和丙烯腈。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述芳香胺与碳酸二甲酯或者碳酸二乙酯的反应过程为无溶剂反应;咪唑类物质与缺电子烯烃的反应过程以乙醇为溶剂。
6.如权利要求1或5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述芳香胺与碳酸二甲酯或者碳酸二乙酯的反应时间为8~14小时;咪唑类物质与缺电子烯烃的反应时间为1~5小时。
7.如权利要求1或6所述的方法,其特征在于,反应结束后,催化剂由外加磁场回收,乙醇洗涤后,经过60℃真空干燥5小时重复多次使用。
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