CN105393399B - 堆叠‑折叠型电极组件 - Google Patents
堆叠‑折叠型电极组件 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105393399B CN105393399B CN201480037483.0A CN201480037483A CN105393399B CN 105393399 B CN105393399 B CN 105393399B CN 201480037483 A CN201480037483 A CN 201480037483A CN 105393399 B CN105393399 B CN 105393399B
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- barrier film
- adhesive
- folding
- stacking
- electrode assembly
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- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- CASZBAVUIZZLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium iron(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Fe+2].[Li+] CASZBAVUIZZLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxonickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni]=O URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZBAFFZBKCMWUHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N propiram Chemical compound C=1C=CC=NC=1N(C(=O)CC)C(C)CN1CCCCC1 ZBAFFZBKCMWUHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
- H01M10/0583—Construction or manufacture of accumulators with folded construction elements except wound ones, i.e. folded positive or negative electrodes or separators, e.g. with "Z"-shaped electrodes or separators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
- H01M10/0436—Small-sized flat cells or batteries for portable equipment
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
- H01M10/0459—Cells or batteries with folded separator between plate-like electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
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- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
- H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
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- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
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Abstract
本发明提供一种堆叠‑折叠型电极组件,其中作为单元电池的多个全电池或双电池在彼此之上堆叠且由第二隔膜围绕,各个单元电池包含正极、负极和置于正极与负极之间的第一隔膜,其中将第一粘合剂涂布在第一隔膜的至少一部分表面上,将第二粘合剂涂布在第二隔膜的至少一部分表面上,且第二粘合剂的含量高于第一粘合剂的含量,以抑制电池内部的松散现象,使电池不容易膨胀,且对外部冲击具有耐变形性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及堆叠-折叠型电极组件。更特别地,本发明涉及电化学装置的具有改善的电池性能的堆叠-折叠型电极组件。
本申请要求2013年10月31日在韩国提交的韩国专利申请号10-2013-0131584的优先权,并通过引用将其公开内容并入本文中。
背景技术
近来,对储能技术的关注一直在不断增加。随着储能技术的应用领域已经扩大至移动电话、便携式摄像机、手提电脑、甚至是电动汽车,对电池的研究和开发所投入的努力一直在不断增加。在这一方面,电化学装置已经受到了最大关注,特别是随着近来电子装置小型化和轻量化的趋势,具有小尺寸和轻重量并且能够以高容量进行充放电的二次电池的发展是特别关注的焦点。
基于由正极/隔膜/负极构成的电极组件的结构,通常将二次电池分类为:卷状物(卷绕)电极组件,该电极组件具有其中将长片型正极和负极在隔膜置于其间的条件下进行卷绕的结构;和堆叠型电极组件,该电极组件具有其中将切成预定尺寸的多个正极和负极在隔膜置于其间的条件下以顺序次序进行堆叠的结构。
然而,这些传统电极组件具有几个问题。
首先,通过以高密度将长片型正极和负极卷绕成横截面为圆筒或椭圆形结构而制成卷状物电极组件,且在充放电期间,由电极的膨胀和收缩导致的应力在电极组件中累积,当累积的应力超过预定限度时,发生电极组件的变形。电极组件的变形导致电极组件之间的间隔不均匀,因此电池性能大幅劣化,如果发生内部短路,则电池安全性可能会受到威胁。另外,当卷绕长片型正极和负极时,难以在其间具有规律间隔的条件下以高速度卷绕正极和负极,导致生产率降低。
其次,通过以顺序次序堆叠多个正极和负极单元制成堆叠型电极组件,因此单独需要用于制造所述单元的极板的传送过程,且顺序堆叠过程需要大量的时间和精力,导致生产率低下。
为了解决所述问题,已经尝试开发了其中将卷型和堆叠型进行组合的先进结构的电极组件,称为堆叠-折叠型电极组件,该组件具有其中使用长的连续的隔膜片将双电池(bicell)或全电池(full cell)进行折叠的结构,所述双电池或全电池包含正极和负极在隔膜置于其间的条件下堆叠的预定单元,实例在申请人的专利申请公开号2001-0082058、2001-0082059和2001-0082060中进行了公开。
图1~3为说明堆叠-折叠型电极组件的结构的示意性横截面图。在图中,相同的参考数字表示相同的元素。
参照图1~3,电极组件10、20和30包含多个单元电池7a、7b以及7c1和7c2,各个单元电池包含第一隔膜3a、3b和3c,以及分别置于第一隔膜3a、3b和3c的两侧的负极1a、1b和1c及正极5a、5b和5c。正极5a、5b和5c具有其中正极活性材料层在正极集电器的两个表面上形成的结构,且负极1a、1b和1c具有其中负极活性材料层在负极集电器的两个表面上形成的结构。如在图1~3中所示,可以以包含如下结构的各种结构形成单元电池:全电池7a和7b的结构,其中将正极5a和5b以及负极1a和1b一个接一个地置于第一隔膜3a和3b的两侧;双电池7c1和7c2的结构,其中将第一隔膜3c置于正极5c或负极1c的两个表面上,以及将负极1c或正极5c置于各个第一隔膜3c上(正极/隔膜/负极/隔膜/正极的结构,或负极/隔膜/正极/隔膜/负极的结构)。
在电极组件10、20和30内部,各个单元电池7a、7b、7c1和7c2以堆叠形状存在。在这种情况下,连续的单个第二隔膜9a、9b和9c以如图1~3中所示的各种形状排列在相互对应的相邻的单元电池7a、7b以及7c1和7c2之间,分别围绕单元电池7a、7b以及7c1和7c2,且分别作为在单元电池7a、7b以及7c1和7c2之间的隔膜。
使制造的堆叠-折叠型电极组件接收在电池壳中,接着注入电解液以制造电池。在这种情况下,在电池工作期间,由于电解液的分解和电池的副反应产生的气体引起电池内部的松散现象,导致电池性能劣化。也就是说,电池不可避免地膨胀,从而使电池性能劣化,并且如果发生外部冲击,则电池易于变形,并且电池的强度可能降低。特别地,当在高温下使用时这些问题发生的可能性增加。
发明内容
技术问题
本发明是为了提供堆叠-折叠型电极组件,其抑制电池内部的松散现象,不容易导致电池膨胀,且对外部冲击具有耐变形性。
技术方案
为了实现以上目的,根据本发明的一方面,提供堆叠-折叠型电极组件,所述堆叠-折叠型电极组件包含由第二隔膜围绕的多个作为单元电池的全电池或双电池的堆叠体,各个单元电池包含正极、负极和置于正极与负极之间的第一隔膜,其中将第一粘合剂涂布在第一隔膜的至少一部分表面上,将第二粘合剂涂布在第二隔膜的至少一部分表面上,且第二粘合剂的含量高于第一粘合剂的含量。
根据本发明的一个示例性实施方案,第二粘合剂的含量可以比第一粘合剂的含量高2%~10%。
根据本发明的另一个示例性实施方案,第一粘合剂和第二粘合剂可以独立地为选自如下中的至少一种:聚偏二氟乙烯-共-六氟丙烯、聚偏二氟乙烯-共-三氯乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚丙烯腈、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯-共-乙酸乙烯酯、聚环氧乙烷、乙酸纤维素、乙酸丁酸纤维素、乙酸丙酸纤维素、氰乙基普鲁兰多糖、氰乙基聚乙烯醇、氰乙基纤维素、氰乙基蔗糖、普鲁兰多糖、羧甲基纤维素、丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物和聚酰亚胺。
根据本发明的另一个示例性实施方案,可以将第一隔膜和第二隔膜各自独立地构造为包含a)具有孔的多孔基材,或b)具有孔的多孔基材和在所述多孔基材的至少一个表面上由无机粒子和粘合剂聚合物的混合物形成的有机-无机多孔涂层。
根据本发明的另一个示例性实施方案,多孔基材可以由选自如下中的至少一种形成:聚烯烃、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚缩醛、聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚酰亚胺、聚醚醚酮、聚醚砜、聚苯醚、聚苯硫醚和聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供电化学装置,所述电化学装置包含接收在壳中的根据本发明的堆叠-折叠型电极组件。
根据本发明的一个示例性实施方案,电化学装置可以为锂二次电池。
有益效果
本发明的堆叠-折叠型电极组件在围绕单元电池的第二隔膜中具有比在第一隔膜中的粘合剂含量更高的粘合剂含量,从而进一步改善围绕单元电池的隔膜的粘结强度。由此,通过在电池工作期间避免由副反应产生的气体而导致的电池内部发生的松散现象,可以防止电池性能的劣化。另外,由于避免了电池内部的松散现象,在施加外部冲击时可以降低易于变形的危险。
附图说明
附图说明本发明的优选实施方案且与前述公开一起用以提供对本发明的技术主旨的进一步理解,因此不应将本发明解释为限于所述附图。
图1为说明实现堆叠-折叠型电极组件的一个实例的示意性横截面图。
图2为说明实现堆叠-折叠型电极组件的另一个实例的示意性横截面图。
图3为说明实现堆叠-折叠型电极组件的又一个实例的示意性横截面图。
图4为说明根据本发明的一个示例性实施方案的包含单元电池的堆叠-折叠型电极组件的示意性横截面图。
图5为说明根据本发明的另一个示例性实施方案的包含双电池的堆叠-折叠型电极组件的示意性横截面图。
附图标记
10,20,30:电极组件
3a,3b,3c:第一隔膜
1a,1b,1c:负极
5a,5b,5c:正极
7a,7b,7c1,7c2:单元电池
9a,9b,9c:第二隔膜
101,201:正极
103,203:第一隔膜
105,205:负极
109:第二隔膜
110,120,130,140,150:全电池
210,220,230,240,250:双电池
具体实施方式
下文中,将参照附图对本发明的优选实施方案进行详细说明。在说明前,应理解,在说明书和附属权利要求书中使用的术语不应解释为限于普通的字典意思,而应在允许发明人为了最好地解释而适当地定义术语的原则的基础上基于与本发明的技术方面相对应的意思和概念进行解释。因此,在本文中提出的说明只是仅用于说明目的的优选实例,不是为了限制本发明的范围,因此应理解,在不背离本发明的主旨和范围的条件下可以对其完成其它等价变化和修改。
本发明涉及堆叠-折叠型电极组件,其中多个作为单元电池的全电池或双电池在彼此之上堆叠且由第二隔膜围绕,各个单元电池包含正极、负极和置于所述正极与负极之间的隔膜,其中将第一粘合剂涂布在第一隔膜的至少一部分表面上,将第二粘合剂涂布在第二隔膜的至少一部分表面上,且第二粘合剂的含量高于第一粘合剂的含量。
在本发明中,将第一隔膜置于单元电池内的正极与负极之间,且与第一隔膜不同,第二隔膜起到围绕单元电池的作用。在这种情况下,将第一隔膜与电极层压,因此具有高的粘结强度,而第二隔膜不遭受单独的层压,因此具有较低的粘结强度。也就是说,当第二隔膜与第一隔膜具有相同的成分和组成时,围绕单元电池的第二隔膜在粘结强度方面有所降低。
在包含堆叠-折叠型电极组件的电池工作时,由于电解液的分解和电池的副反应而可能导致产生气体,导致其中电池内部粘合不充分的部分变得松散的松散现象,造成电池的性能劣化。
为了解决所述问题,发明人尝试增加围绕单元电池的第二隔膜的表面粘结强度,更特别地,高于当将第一隔膜用于围绕单元电池时的第一隔膜的表面粘结强度,以使电池内部的松散现象最小化,完成了本发明。
根据本发明的一个示例性实施方案,第二粘合剂的含量比第一粘合剂的含量高2%~10%,优选3%~5%。通过涂布在所述隔膜的表面上的粘合剂的含量在以上范围内的增加,可以改善第二隔膜的表面粘结强度以有效地控制电池内部的松散现象,且可以使因粘合剂的添加导致的阻抗的增加最小化。
由于这一粘合剂含量的不同,可以进一步改善围绕单元电池的第二隔膜的表面粘结强度,更特别地,第二隔膜的表面粘结强度高于当将第一隔膜用于围绕单元电池时的第一隔膜的表面粘结强度。优选地,第二隔膜的表面粘结强度可以为3gf/cm~10gf/cm,且当将第一隔膜用于围绕单元电池时的第一隔膜的表面粘结强度可以为1gf/cm~2gf/cm。通过剥离实验方法测定这种表面粘结强度。
第一粘合剂和第二粘合剂可以独立地为选自如下中的至少一种:聚偏二氟乙烯-共-六氟丙烯、聚偏二氟乙烯-共-三氯乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚丙烯腈、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯-共-乙酸乙烯酯、聚环氧乙烷、乙酸纤维素、乙酸丁酸纤维素、乙酸丙酸纤维素、氰乙基普鲁兰多糖、氰乙基聚乙烯醇、氰乙基纤维素、氰乙基蔗糖、普鲁兰多糖、羧甲基纤维素、丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物和聚酰亚胺,且第一粘合剂和第二粘合剂可以相同或不同。
根据本发明的第一隔膜和第二隔膜通过以下方法可以包含第一粘合剂和第二粘合剂,且不限于此。
根据本发明的一个示例性实施方案,首先,将粘合剂树脂诸如聚偏二氟乙烯-共-三氯乙烯放入溶剂诸如丙酮、二甲基乙酰胺(DMA)或N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)中,或它们的混合溶剂中以制备溶液,将该溶液涂布在第一隔膜和第二隔膜的表面上。在此,通过浸渍涂布、模具涂布或辊式涂布方法来实施涂布。
作为另一种方法,可以由聚合物粘合剂树脂诸如聚偏二氟乙烯-共-三氯乙烯制成膜,并且热层压在第一隔膜和第二隔膜的表面上。
作为特别实例,在制备包含聚偏二氟乙烯-共-三氯乙烯和上述溶剂的溶液之后,在聚酯的支撑膜或剥离纸诸如Mylar(聚酯薄膜)上对该溶液进行涂布和干燥以产生膜,然后通过热层压方法在第一隔膜和第二隔膜的表面上形成该膜。
作为另一个实例,一种不使用溶剂的方法,将粘合剂树脂诸如聚偏二氟乙烯-共-三氯乙烯直接送入挤出机中,通过膜模头挤出成形以产生膜,并且通过热层压方法在聚合物隔膜或隔离膜上形成所述得到的膜。在这种情况下,可以在使用挤出机制作粘合剂膜的同时实施与第一隔膜和第二隔膜的层压。
在本发明中,可以将第一隔膜和第二隔膜各自独立地构造为包含a)具有孔的多孔基材,或b)具有孔的多孔基材和在所述多孔基材的至少一个表面上由无机粒子和粘合剂聚合物的混合物形成的有机-无机多孔涂层。
当第一隔膜和第二隔膜具有有机-无机多孔涂层时,包含在第二隔膜的有机-无机多孔涂层中的粘合剂聚合物的含量比包含在第一隔膜的有机-无机多孔涂层中的粘合剂聚合物的含量高,意味着第二隔膜的表面粘结强度比第一隔膜的表面粘结强度高。
多孔基材可以由选自如下中的至少一种形成:聚烯烃、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚缩醛、聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚酰亚胺、聚醚醚酮、聚醚砜、聚苯醚、聚苯硫醚和聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯,且聚烯烃可以为选自聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚丁烯和聚戊烯中的任一种聚合物。
基于必要功能,可以以由聚合物诸如聚丙烯/聚乙烯/聚丙烯构成的的层状结构形成隔膜。
有机-无机多孔涂层具有通过粘合剂聚合物相互粘合的无机粒子以维持无机粒子的粘合状态(即粘合剂聚合物连接并且保持无机粒子),有机-无机多孔涂层通过粘合剂聚合物与多孔基材维持粘合状态。有机-无机多孔涂层的无机粒子以密集堆积或紧密堆积结构以基本上相互接触的方式存在,且通过无机粒子的接触而形成的间隙体积变为有机-无机多孔涂层的孔。具有有机-无机多孔涂层的隔膜具有良好的耐热性和增强的稳定性,但由于粘合剂聚合物而导致可能具有增大的电阻。
无机粒子没有特别限制,只要它们仅电化学稳定即可。也就是说,在本发明中使用的无机粒子没有特别限制,只要它们在要应用的电化学装置的工作电压范围(例如对Li/Li+为0~5V)中不引起氧化和/或还原反应即可。特别地,当使用能够传输离子的无机粒子时,这种无机粒子可以增加电化学装置中的离子导电性,有助于改善性能。另外,当使用具有高介电常数的无机粒子作为无机粒子时,这种无机粒子可以有助于电解质盐例如锂盐在液体电解质中的离解度的增加,且可以改善电解液的离子导电性。由于这些原因,无机粒子优选包括具有大于或等于5、优选大于或等于10的高介电常数的无机粒子,能够传输锂离子的无机粒子或它们的混合物。
优选地,第一隔膜的厚度可以为12μm~16μm,第二隔膜的厚度可以为13μm~17μm。
下文中,将对本发明的堆叠-折叠型电极组件的结构进行更详细的说明。
普通全电池具有其中将正极、负极和第一隔膜的层状结构切成规则形状和尺寸并进行堆叠的结构。在此,对于全部电极,使用在集电器周围具有电极活性材料的涂层的电极。将这一结构视为用于通过堆叠来构造电池的一个单元电池,为此,需要利用膜将电极和第一隔膜粘合。
具有以上结构的全电池表示两个最外层的电极包含正极和负极的堆叠结构,诸如正极/隔膜/负极或正极/隔膜/负极/隔膜/正极/隔膜/负极。相反,双电池表示两个最外层的电极包含相同的电极的堆叠结构,并且被分类为由正极/隔膜/负极/隔膜/正极构成的负极型双电池和由负极/隔膜/正极/隔膜/负极构成的正极型双电池。
根据本发明的电极不限于特定的类型,且可以通过根据本领域中已知的普通方法将电极活性材料浆料涂布在集电器上而制成。在电极中使用的正极活性材料和负极活性材料可以包括在传统电化学装置的正极和负极中使用的普通电极活性材料。在电极活性材料中,作为非限制性实例,正极活性材料优选包括锂锰氧化物、锂钴氧化物、锂镍氧化物、锂铁氧化物或它们的锂复合氧化物。作为非限制性实例,负极活性材料优选包括锂金属或锂合金、软碳、硬碳、天然石墨、结晶石墨、热解碳、中间相沥青基碳纤维、中间相碳微球、中间相沥青和源自石油或煤焦油沥青的焦炭。
在通过本领域中的普通方法将电极活性材料与添加剂诸如粘合剂和导电材料一起添加到有机溶剂以制备电极混合物浆料之后,可以将浆料涂布在各个电极集电器上以制作电极。正极集电器的非限制性实例可以包括铝和镍,且负极集电器的非限制性实例可以包括铜、金、镍或铜合金。
在如上制备单元电池时,可以使用如在图1~3中示出的堆叠-折叠方法制造电极组件。具体地,以如下方向实施折叠:其中第二隔膜围绕单元电池或双电池,以具有其中单元电池或双电池以堆叠形状相互对应的排列结构。
在图4和5中,通过箭头指示用于制造图1中示出的电极组件的折叠方向,且将折线显示为虚线。在这种情况下,图4显示全电池的使用,且图5显示双电池的使用。
如在图中所示,当从右端开始折叠时,存在其中没有放置单元电池或双电池的近似相当于一个单元电池110或双电池210的宽度的区域,以使置于单元电池110或双电池210的顶上的电极101和201与隔膜109和209接触。
随后,当从表示为虚线的点以箭头方向持续实施折叠过程时,全部单元电池110、120、130、140和150或双电池210、220、230、240和250在第二隔膜109和209置于相邻的单元电池或双电池之间的条件下被第二隔膜109和209围绕,且具有其中单元电池或双电池以堆叠形状相互对应的排列结构(堆叠-折叠)。在这种情况下,为了实施如上的堆叠-折叠过程,在图4和5中示出的首个单元电池110和双电池210之后的单元电池120、130、140和150之间的间隔以及双电池220、230、240和250之间的间隔与在各个单元电池或双电池之前堆叠的电池的高度相当,且很明显所述间隔逐渐增大,但在图4和5中,本领域的技术人员应理解,为了方便表示而将所述间隔表示为一致。
在本发明中使用的电解液中,包含的作为电解质的锂盐不限于特定类型,只要其为在锂二次电池用电解液中常用的即可,且锂盐的阴离子可以为例如选自如下中的任一种:F-、Cl-、Br-、I-、NO3 -、N(CN)2-、BF4 -、ClO4 -、PF6-、(CF3)2PF4 -、(CF3)3PF3 -、(CF3)4PF2 -、(CF3)5PF-、(CF3)6P-、CF3SO3 -、CF3CF2SO3 -、(CF3SO2)2N-、(FSO2)2N-、CF3CF2(CF3)2CO-、(CF3SO2)2CH-、(SF5)3C-、(CF3SO2)3C-、CF3(CF2)7SO3 -、CF3CO2 -、CH3CO2 -、SCN-和(CF3CF2SO2)2N-。
在本发明中使用的电解液中,包含在电解液中的有机溶剂不限于特定的类型,只要其为在锂二次电池用电解液中常用的即可,且通常可以包含选自如下中的任一种:碳酸亚丙酯(PC)、碳酸亚乙酯(EC)、碳酸二乙酯(DEC)、碳酸二甲酯(DMC)、碳酸甲乙酯(EMC)、甲基碳酸亚丙酯(methyl propylene carbonate)、碳酸二丙酯、二甲亚砜、乙腈、二甲氧基乙烷、二乙氧基乙烷、碳酸亚乙烯酯、环丁砜、γ-丁内酯、亚硫酸亚丙酯和四氢呋喃或它们的混合物。特别地,在示例性碳酸酯类有机溶剂中,期望使用环状碳酸酯诸如碳酸亚乙酯和碳酸亚丙酯,其对应于具有高粘度且借助于高介电常数使锂盐在电解质中良好地溶解的有机溶剂,且当以最佳比率将环状碳酸酯与具有低粘度和低介电常数的链状碳酸酯诸如碳酸二甲酯和碳酸二乙酯进行混合时,这种混合物的使用有助于制备具有较高电导率的电解液。
任选地,根据本发明储存的电解液还可以包含添加剂诸如通常包含在电解液中的过充保护剂。
在本发明中可以采用在本领域中通常使用的电池壳,且基于电池的目的,对外部形状没有限制,例如可以考虑使用罐的圆筒状、棱柱状、袋状或硬币形状。
当完成电极组件时,可以通过普通方法使电极组件接收在壳中,接着进行密封以制造电化学装置。所述电化学装置优选为锂二次电池。
Claims (7)
1.一种堆叠-折叠型电极组件,所述堆叠-折叠型电极组件包含由第二隔膜围绕的多个作为单元电池的全电池或双电池的堆叠体,各个单元电池包含正极、负极和置于所述正极与所述负极之间的第一隔膜,
其中第一粘合剂涂布在所述第一隔膜的至少一部分表面上,第二粘合剂涂布在所述第二隔膜的至少一部分表面上,且所述第二粘合剂的含量高于所述第一粘合剂的含量。
2.根据权利要求1所述的堆叠-折叠型电极组件,其中所述第二粘合剂的含量比所述第一粘合剂的含量高2%~10%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的堆叠-折叠型电极组件,其中所述第一粘合剂和所述第二粘合剂独立地为选自如下中的至少一种:聚偏二氟乙烯-共-六氟丙烯、聚偏二氟乙烯-共-三氯乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚丙烯腈、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯-共-乙酸乙烯酯、聚环氧乙烷、乙酸纤维素、乙酸丁酸纤维素、乙酸丙酸纤维素、氰乙基普鲁兰多糖、氰乙基聚乙烯醇、氰乙基纤维素、氰乙基蔗糖、普鲁兰多糖、羧甲基纤维素、丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物和聚酰亚胺。
4.根据权利要求1所述的堆叠-折叠型电极组件,其中将所述第一隔膜和所述第二隔膜各自独立地构造为包含a)具有孔的多孔基材,或b)具有孔的多孔基材和在所述多孔基材的至少一个表面上由无机粒子和粘合剂聚合物的混合物形成的有机-无机多孔涂层。
5.根据权利要求4所述的堆叠-折叠型电极组件,其中所述多孔基材由选自如下中的至少一种形成:聚烯烃、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚缩醛、聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚酰亚胺、聚醚醚酮、聚醚砜、聚苯醚、聚苯硫醚和聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯。
6.一种电化学装置,所述电化学装置包含接收在壳中的根据权利要求1~5中任一项所述的堆叠-折叠型电极组件。
7.根据权利要求6所述的电化学装置,其中所述电化学装置为锂二次电池。
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