CN105380261B - 一种含有寡肽的保肝护肝配方食品及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种含有寡肽的保肝护肝配方食品及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于食品生产技术领域，具体涉及一种含有寡肽的保肝护肝配方食品及其制备方法。本发明所述食品的配方配比为：大豆蛋白寡肽25％～35％，云芝糖肽18％～22％，羊奶蛋白寡肽25％～35％，海藻酸钠8％～13％，牛磺酸3％～6％，水苏糖3％～5％，复合B族维生素0.05％～0.1％，配方的特点是小分子寡肽能快速吸收，迅速补充肝脏所需营养成分，强化肝脏营养，帮助修复受损肝细胞，促进肝细胞再生，并提高机体免疫力，增强肝脏自身的抵抗能力，还能抑制有害元素在体内的吸收，减轻肝脏的解毒负担，同时帮助清除体内脂类及胆固醇，防止脂肪在肝脏堆积，有效预防脂肪肝、肝硬化等化学性肝损伤的形成，且安全，无任何毒副作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品生产技术领域，具体涉及一种含有寡肽的保肝护肝配方食品及其制备方法。
背景技术
肝脏是人体最大的消化器官，在人体内起着中央化学处理器的作用，即吸收来自小肠血液中的各类营养物质，分解各种不利的毒物并排出体外。近年来，酒精肝、脂肪肝等化学性肝损伤已成为了一种常见疾病，我国肝损伤患者日益增多。严重的环境污染以及不良的生活习惯等都是造成肝损伤的原因，工业废气、废水造成的空气污染，水体污染，导致各种各样的化学毒物进入人体，侵害肝脏；大量饮酒、熬夜、过度疲劳等不良生活习惯也会增加肝脏负担，造成肝损伤，这也是都市人群脂肪肝比例居高不下的原因，脂肪肝又会转化成酒精性肝炎，进而发展成肝硬化。肝损伤的致病源广泛的存在于生活中，无孔不入，防不胜防，对肝脏问题必须引起足够的重视。
化学性肝损伤主要与自由基损伤、抗氧化体系不足或耗竭、磷脂的崩解、钙超载、免疫力低下等有关，它是每个生活中污染环境下的人不得不面对的问题，不仅是肝损伤患者，健康人群也应该提高警惕，积极预防化学性肝损伤。目前患者大多通过吃药类治疗化学性肝损伤，但是药三分毒，而药物的毒性大部分是通过肝脏来降解，这样在治疗的同时也加重肝脏的负担，最终会导致恶性循环。所以补充保肝护肝的功能食品，通过提高肝脏的免疫力，保护、修复肝细胞，安全有效的来预防及辅助治疗肝损伤是最科学的应对肝损伤的方法。
寡肽是由2～20个氨基酸残基通过肽键连接成的肽，具有重要的生理功能，其中高F值寡肽经大量实验证实具有保护肝功能的作用。高F值寡肽是由3～7个氨基酸残基组成的混合小肽体系，F值即在寡肽中支链氨基酸与芳香族氨基酸含量摩尔数之比，高F值寡肽是指寡肽中支链氨基酸与芳香族氨基酸的比值远高于人体中这两类氨基酸比值模式的寡肽。高F值寡肽具有消除或减轻肝性脑病症状、改善肝功能和改善多种病人蛋白质营养失常状态以及抗疲劳等功能。目前高F值寡肽除被广泛的用于制作治疗肝类疾病的药物以外，也被用作保肝、护肝功能性食品。
发明内容
本发明需要解决的问题是提供一种能对抗及预防化学性肝损伤、保护肝功能的配方食品及其制备的方法。本发明以大豆高F值寡肽、羊奶蛋白寡肽、云芝糖肽为主要原料，通过植物、动物、微生物三类肽的科学配比，相互作用，并配以海藻酸钠、牛磺酸、水苏糖、B族维生素等功能成分，提供了一种保护肝功能，预防及辅助治疗肝损伤的功能食品。
本发明的技术方案：
本发明所述含有寡肽的保肝护肝的配方食品，其配方原料包括以下成分：大豆蛋白寡肽、羊乳蛋白寡肽、云芝糖肽、海藻酸钠、牛磺酸、水苏糖、复合维生素B；其配方配比为：大豆蛋白寡肽25％～35％，云芝糖肽18％～22％，羊奶蛋白寡肽25％～35％，海藻酸钠8％～13％，牛磺酸3％～6％，水苏糖3％～5％，复合B族维生素0.05％～0.1％(包括维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素B12、烟酸、泛酸、叶酸)。
本发明所述含有寡肽的保肝护肝的配方食品，其制备方法包括以下步骤：
本发明所用的大豆蛋白寡肽分离自大豆多肽，所用的大豆多肽由湖北巨胜科技有限公司提供；所用制备羊奶蛋白寡肽的羊乳由陕西金牛乳业提供；所用云芝糖肽由盐城市芝庆堂有限公司提供。
1、大豆寡肽的分离：取大豆多肽加蒸馏水搅拌均匀，使得底物浓度为2％-5％，加入1％-3％活化好的木瓜蛋白酶，保持温度38℃，超声辅助酶解3-5小时，然后移至90-95℃水浴，保温10min灭酶活，将酶解液以4000r/min，离心15min，取上清液，调节上清液pH2～4值，按固液比1:(10-30)加入活性炭，40-50℃水浴吸附2-3小时，然后4000r/min，离心15min，将处理好的酶解液，用旋转蒸发仪浓缩至浸膏状，取出放入冻干机，冷冻干燥，打粉，即为大豆寡肽，所得的大豆寡肽F值大于20，为高F值寡肽；
2、羊奶蛋白寡肽制备：新鲜羊乳过滤除杂，在2-5℃下，4000r/min，离心20min，脱脂处理，50-55℃预热，并调节pH值到4.6，静止30min，4000r/min，离心15min，弃去上清液，沉淀分别用pH4.3和pH4.6的醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲液洗涤2次，洗涤后4000r/min离心15min，所得沉淀物即为羊奶蛋白粗品；称取羊奶蛋白粗品，加入蒸馏水搅拌溶解，使得浓度为10％-15％，调节pH至7.0～8.0，95℃加热5min，冷却到30-35℃，加入经过发酵加工制得的碱性蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶恒温水解，并将pH值保持在7.0～8.0范围内，超声辅助酶解4-6h后，95℃灭酶活10min，冷却，经膜分离后按料液比1:(20-50)加入活性炭，40-50℃水浴吸附2-3小时，4000r/min离心15min，凝胶过滤，旋转蒸发浓缩，冷冻干燥即得羊奶蛋白寡肽粉，所得的羊奶蛋白寡肽F值大于20；
3、按配方比例称取制备好的大豆寡肽粉、羊奶蛋白寡肽粉，与云芝糖肽、海藻酸钠、牛磺酸、水苏糖、复合B族维生素，混合均匀，分装即得。
下面结合本发明的原料，进一步说明本发明的功效：
大豆高F值寡肽：大豆寡肽具有高营养性，是一种具有极强活性和多样性的小分子活性肽，具有降血压、降血脂，防止动脉粥样硬化、心脏病、血栓等功效。它不需要消化可以直接吸收，直接进入细胞，发挥生理作用，且具有100％吸收的特点。能够快速补充人体的氮源，恢复体力，解除疲劳，高F值寡肽中高比例的支链氨基酸是不需要在肝脏代谢分解的必需氨基酸，可以改善肝、肾、胃肠疾病患者的营养，是肝损伤患者良好的营养补充剂，同时它可以阻止人体对胆固醇的吸收，促进脂肪代谢，抗氧化，清除体内自由基，并阻止新自由基的生成，有效的防止脂肪肝、肝硬化等化学性肝损伤，保护肝脏机能。
羊奶蛋白寡肽：羊奶中含有丰富的酪蛋白和乳清蛋白，用新鲜羊奶制备的寡肽，可以高效吸收，补充人体膳食蛋白，并能够帮助降低人体胆固醇，预防心脑血管疾病，提高机体免疫力。
云芝糖肽：云芝糖肽是从担子菌纲多孔菌科云芝或培养的菌丝中提取的具有多种药理作用的多糖类生物效应剂。具有明显的抗肿瘤、镇静、免疫调节、抗缺氧、促进多种细胞因子、抗乙肝病毒产生等作用。
海藻酸钠：海藻酸钠是海洋膳食纤维，具有独特的营养价值，它能够与有机物结合，降低血清和肝脏中的胆固醇，抑制总脂肪和总脂肪酸浓度上升，还能延缓脂类物质的消化吸收过程，防止脂肪在肝脏累积，造成脂肪肝，还可以改善营养物质的消化与吸收，同时还有抑制放射性锶、镉等有害元素在体内的吸收。
牛磺酸：牛磺酸又称α-氨基乙磺酸，它存在于哺乳动物的所有组织中，是心脏、视网膜、骨骼肌和白细胞中含量最丰富的游离氨基酸，具有强肝利胆、解热抗炎、降血压降血糖、改善内分泌状态增强人体免疫力等功能。牛磺酸在肝脏中的主要作用是与胆汁酸结合形成牛磺胆酸，牛磺胆酸能增加脂质和胆固醇的溶解性，起到预防脂肪肝、肝硬化、动脉粥样硬化等疾病的作用，除此之外，牛磺酸在肝脏中还具有其他重要的生理及药理功能，它可以参与稳定细胞膜，细胞渗透压调节，抗氧化，解毒等，临床实验证明，牛磺酸通过抗氧化作用对肝脏病例如炎症、凋亡、纤维化具有较好的治疗效果，所以保持胞内高浓度的牛磺酸对预防及辅助治疗肝损伤，保护肝脏功能具有重要的作用。细胞通过外源性摄取和内源性合成两种方式来维持细胞内高浓度的牛磺酸，人类和啮齿类动物机体合成牛磺酸的能力有限，所以肝脏中牛磺酸缺乏的主要原因是外源性牛磺酸摄入过少，并非内源性牛磺酸合成障碍。
水苏糖：水苏糖是一种新型功能性低聚糖，俗称“益生菌的食物”，具有延缓衰老、调节肠道微生态平衡、提高免疫力、排毒、降血压血脂的功能。水苏糖对人体胃肠道内的双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌等有益菌群有着极明显的增殖作用，能迅速改善人体消化道内环境，调节微生态菌群平衡，促进形成有益菌在消化道内的优势地位，抑制产气产酸梭状芽胞杆菌等腐败菌的生成，另外产生大量生理活性物质，调节肠道pH值，杀灭致病菌，阻遏腐败产物生成，抑制内源致癌物的产生和吸收，并且分解衍生出多重免疫功能因子，提高机体的免疫力。
B族维生素：维生素B包括维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素B12、烟酸、泛酸、叶酸等，B族维生素是推动体内代谢，把糖、脂肪、蛋白质等转化成热量时不可缺少的物质。B族维生素和肝脏的关系也非常密切，缺少B族维生素，会导致细胞功能降低，引起代谢功能障碍。喝酒会导致肝损伤也和人体缺乏B族维生素有关，充足的B族维生素的补给，可以有效的治疗酒精肝炎和脂肪肝等肝脏疾病，因此，补充B族维生素，对预防和治疗肝损伤是非常重要的。
与现有技术相比本发明的有益效果是：小分子寡肽吸收速度快、效率高，迅速补充肝脏所需营养成分，强化肝脏营养，帮助修复受损肝细胞，促进肝细胞再生，并提高机体免疫力，增强肝脏自身的抵抗能力，配方还能抑制有害元素在体内的吸收，减轻肝脏的解毒负担，同时帮助清除体内脂类及胆固醇，防止脂肪在肝脏堆积，有效预防脂肪肝、肝硬化等化学性肝损伤的形成，且安全，无任何毒副作用。
具体实施方式
实施例1本发明所述含有寡肽的保肝护肝配方食品的制备方法：
(1)、大豆寡肽的分离：取大豆多肽加蒸馏水搅拌均匀，使得底物浓度为2％-5％，加入1％-3％活化好的木瓜蛋白酶，保持温度38℃，超声辅助酶解3-5小时，然后移至90-95℃水浴，保温10min灭酶活，将酶解液以4000r/min，离心15min，取上清液，调节上清液pH2～4值，按固液比1:(10-30)加入活性炭，40-50℃水浴吸附2-3小时，然后4000r/min，离心15min，将处理好的酶解液，用旋转蒸发仪浓缩至浸膏状，取出放入冻干机，冷冻干燥，打粉，即为大豆寡肽，所得的大豆寡肽F值大于20，为高F值寡肽；
2、羊奶蛋白寡肽制备：新鲜羊乳过滤除杂，在2-5℃下，4000r/min，离心20min，脱脂处理，50-55℃预热，并调节pH值到4.6，静止30min，4000r/min，离心15min，弃去上清液，沉淀分别用pH4.3和pH4.6的醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲液洗涤2次，洗涤后4000r/min离心15min，所得沉淀物即为羊奶蛋白粗品；称取羊奶蛋白粗品，加入蒸馏水搅拌溶解，使得浓度为10％-15％，调节pH至7.0～8.0，95℃加热5min，冷却到30-35℃，加入经过发酵加工制得的碱性蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶恒温水解，并将pH值保持在7.0～8.0的范围内，超声辅助酶解4-6h后，95℃灭酶活10min，冷却，经膜分离后按料液比1:(20-50)加入活性炭，40-50℃水浴吸附2-3小时，4000r/min离心15min，凝胶过滤，旋转蒸发浓缩，冷冻干燥即得羊奶蛋白寡肽粉，所得的羊奶蛋白寡肽F值大于20。
3、按配方比例称取制备好的大豆寡肽粉、羊奶蛋白寡肽粉，与云芝糖肽、海藻酸钠、牛磺酸、水苏糖、复合B族维生素，混合均匀，分装即得。
实施例2本发明所述含有寡肽的保肝护肝配方食品的人群功效实验
实验人群：实验分为的50-60岁组、60-70岁组、70-80岁组，每组选取生活习惯及生活水平相似的脂肪肝、酒精肝等肝损伤患者各10人。
实验方法：在实验开始之前通给各实验组人群进行一次肝功能检查，并记录检查结果。试验期间给实验人群服用本品，每日两次，每次1袋，30天后再次给试验人群进行一次肝功能检查，并与实验开始之前的结果比较，记录肝损伤的改善情况。
实验结果：
较好改善：肝损伤有明显改善
一般改善：肝损伤有轻微改善
无改善：肝损伤情况无任何改善
表1人群观察实验结果
由表1中数据可知，各实验组人群的肝损伤都有不同程度的改善，总改善率在70％-80％，说明本发明可以帮助修复肝损伤，恢复肝功能，并有预防化学性肝损伤的作用。
Claims (2)
1.一种含有寡肽的保肝护肝配方食品，其配方配比为：大豆蛋白寡肽25％～35％，云芝糖肽18％～22％，羊奶蛋白寡肽25％～35％，海藻酸钠8％～13％，牛磺酸3％～6％，水苏糖3％～5％，复合B族维生素0.05％～0.1％，复合B族维生素为维生素B1和维生素B2和维生素B6和维生素B12和烟酸和泛酸和叶酸。
2.根据权利1要求所述一种含有寡肽的保肝护肝配方食品的制备方法，其特征是由以下步骤构成：
(1)大豆寡肽的分离：取大豆多肽加蒸馏水搅拌均匀，使得底物浓度为2％-5％，加入1％-3％活化好的木瓜蛋白酶，保持温度38℃，超声辅助酶解3-5小时，然后移至90-95℃水浴，保温10min灭酶活，将酶解液以4000r/min，离心15min，取上清液，调节上清液pH2～4值，按固液比1:10-30加入活性炭40-50℃水浴吸附2-3小时，然后4000r/min，离心15min，将处理好的酶解液，用旋转蒸发仪浓缩至浸膏状，取出放入冻干机，冷冻干燥，打粉，即为大豆寡肽，所得的大豆寡肽F值大于20，为高F值寡肽；
(2)羊奶蛋白寡肽制备：新鲜羊乳过滤除杂，在2-5℃下，4000r/min，离心20min，脱脂处理，50-55℃预热，并调节pH值到4.6，静止30min，4000r/min，离心15min，弃去上清液，沉淀分别用pH4.3和pH4.6的醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲液洗涤2次，洗涤后4000r/min离心15min，所得沉淀物即为羊奶蛋白粗品；称取羊奶蛋白粗品，加入蒸馏水搅拌溶解，使得浓度为10％-15％，调节pH至7.0～8.0，95℃加热5min，冷却到30-35℃，加入经过发酵加工制得的碱性蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶恒温水解，并将pH值保持在7.0～8.0的范围内，超声辅助酶解4-6h后，95℃灭酶活10min，冷却，经膜分离后按料液比1:20-50加入活性炭，40-50℃水浴吸附2-3小时，4000r/min离心15min，凝胶过滤，旋转蒸发浓缩，冷冻干燥即得羊奶蛋白寡肽粉，所得的羊奶蛋白寡肽F值大于20；
(3)按权利要求1所述配方比例称取制备好的大豆寡肽粉、羊奶蛋白寡肽粉，与云芝糖肽、海藻酸钠、牛磺酸、水苏糖、复合B族维生素，混合均匀，分装即得。
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