CN105370187A - 板条型卷帘 - Google Patents

板条型卷帘 Download PDF

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CN105370187A
CN105370187A CN201510754605.4A CN201510754605A CN105370187A CN 105370187 A CN105370187 A CN 105370187A CN 201510754605 A CN201510754605 A CN 201510754605A CN 105370187 A CN105370187 A CN 105370187A
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lath
window shade
curtain
roller shutter
spool
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CN105370187B (zh
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W.B.科森
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Hunter Douglas NV
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06BFIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B9/00Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
    • E06B9/24Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
    • E06B9/26Lamellar or like blinds, e.g. venetian blinds
    • E06B9/28Lamellar or like blinds, e.g. venetian blinds with horizontal lamellae, e.g. non-liftable
    • E06B9/34Lamellar or like blinds, e.g. venetian blinds with horizontal lamellae, e.g. non-liftable roller-type; Roller shutters with adjustable lamellae
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06BFIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B9/00Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
    • E06B9/24Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
    • E06B9/26Lamellar or like blinds, e.g. venetian blinds
    • E06B9/38Other details
    • E06B9/386Details of lamellae
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06BFIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B9/00Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
    • E06B9/24Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
    • E06B9/40Roller blinds
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06BFIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B9/00Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
    • E06B9/24Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
    • E06B9/40Roller blinds
    • E06B9/42Parts or details of roller blinds, e.g. suspension devices, blind boxes
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06BFIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B9/00Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
    • E06B9/56Operating, guiding or securing devices or arrangements for roll-type closures; Spring drums; Tape drums; Counterweighting arrangements therefor
    • E06B9/68Operating devices or mechanisms, e.g. with electric drive

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Blinds (AREA)
  • Curtains And Furnishings For Windows Or Doors (AREA)
  • Operating, Guiding And Securing Of Roll- Type Closing Members (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种卷帘,其提供用于定向遮挡的水平板条,允许采用遮帘织物,遮帘织物允许更大部分的可见光通过它。所公开的板条型卷帘不使用梯绳且在设计上简单。所公开的板条型卷帘在收回时维持遮光卷帘紧凑的构造且在收回时具有沿着卷轴的纵向轴线更大的抗偏斜性。而且,所公开的板条型卷帘设计能用作室外或室内帘。

Description

板条型卷帘
本申请是申请号为200980145982.0、申请日为2009年11月17日、名称为“板条型卷帘”的专利申请的分案申请。
本申请要求在2008年11月18日提交的美国临时专利申请No.61/199,551的优先权,且该专利申请通过参考结合到本文中。
技术领域
本发明涉及用于诸如门和窗的建筑开口的卷帘。更具体而言,本发明涉及用于提供定向遮挡的带板条的卷帘。
背景技术
已知各种系统用于控制可通过诸如门或窗这样的建筑开口的光量。这些系统常常用作美观性和/或功能性门或窗覆盖物。
一种这样的系统是卷遮帘或者卷帘。卷帘由(例如)机织织物制成。这种帘具有常见的美观设计,通常重量轻且具有少量移动部件。织物在收回时绕中心卷轴紧凑地缠绕,使得该系统易于操纵,例如,携带和安装。
卷帘具有已知的问题。举例而言,传统卷帘,例如那些具有乙烯遮帘的卷帘,倾向于在帘被收回时沿着卷轴的纵向轴线偏斜或移位。一旦偏斜,卷轴将不能进一步收回直到帘伸展且适当地重新对准移位的部分。
具有乙烯遮帘的典型帘的另一问题在于遮帘基本上阻挡所有光通到空间内。因此,该空间要么充满阳光,要么很暗。
近来,用于卷帘的遮帘由带乙烯PVC涂层的致密玻璃纤维芯制成。这种遮帘,被称作玻璃纤维卷遮帘,通常包括多个间隔开的孔口,这些孔口允许周围光通到房间内。孔口和因此帘不能提供定向遮光。而且,直射光从所有方向通过。因此,织物必须充分不透明以限制光且特别是直射阳光通过。这种类型的遮帘织物具有遮帘总面积的3%至5%的开口面积。
在另一方面,水平板条型帘系统允许定向遮光。但是,这些系统不太合乎追求卷轴型帘的简单性、利益和风格的需要。举例而言,板条型系统需要额外的结构来旋转板条以获得所需光导向特征。板条型系统还需要竖直梯绳来维持板条处于适当竖直、水平和成角度的方位。为了避免使用大量梯绳,板条需要由刚性材料制成,诸如金属、木材或刚性塑料,其增加了大量的重量。
一种通常复杂的板条型帘的实例公开于Vecchiarelli的美国专利No.4,722,382中。此公开文献公开了利用多个提升绳,其穿过每个板条中的孔且固定到底轨部件。可拉这些提升绳以相对于头轨提升或降低板条。这种系统的复杂性增加了其总成本且增加了其出现故障的可能性。
其它公开文献教导了水平板条型帘,其能以卷起形式收回。两个这样的公开文献包括在1935年8月27日授予Major的美国专利No.2,012,887和在1893年授予的德国专利(Patentschrift)No.70,451。
该'887公开文献公开了竖直伸展的带和将板条连接到带的附连部件。如在通过参考结合到本文中的公开文献的图2中所示,板条的曲率半径大于卷轴的曲率半径。因此,当帘被收回时,板条边缘在切向伸展超过卷轴。这种系统不能在帘被收回时形成绕卷轴的紧凑配置。替代地,收回的帘形成庞大且难以操纵的构造。
该'451公开文献公开了'887公开文献所示的相反问题。如在通过参考结合到本文中的'451公开文献的图3中所示,板条形成有恒定的曲率半径,其似乎是卷轴的曲率。大部分板条将随着帘被收回而远离卷轴挠曲。这是因为收回的帘的半径随着帘被收回而增加。但最终结果与公开文献'887相同。收回的帘形成庞大且难以操纵的构造。
另一类型的帘公开于在1975年4月23日由MargaretL.Steel提交的现有技术专利说明书No.GB1,494,842中公开,其通过参考结合到本文中。该'842公开文献在图9中示出,并在第3页始于行63公开了“温度敏感的帘”。该帘具有通过结合两种不同热膨胀系数的塑料而形成的板条,使得板条的曲率随着温度变化。举例而言,随着温度升高,板条变平。另一方面,随着温度降低,板条的曲率增加。
取决于温度,这种温度敏感的板条具有与'887和'451公开文献相关联的问题。当帘被收回时,随着温度使板条曲率减小,板条将在切向伸展超过卷轴。当帘被收回时,随着温度使板条曲率增加,大部分板条将远离卷轴挠曲。在任一情形下,收回的帘形成庞大且难以操纵的构造。
除了上述该技术领域中的问题之外,已知帘系统的另一缺点在于它们通常被设计成覆盖建筑物内侧上的建筑开口。尚未引入可易于定位于内部或外部的定向遮挡帘,这是由于设计复杂性,导致外部环境中故障的可能性。本发明满足这种需要。
发明内容
鉴于现有技术帘系统的缺点的简要描述,本发明公开了一种卷帘,其提供用于定向遮挡的水平板条,允许采用遮帘织物,遮帘织物允许更大部分的可见光通过它。所公开的板条型卷帘不使用梯绳且在设计上较为简单。所公开的板条型卷帘在收回时维持遮光卷帘紧凑的构造且在收回时具有沿着卷轴的纵向轴线更大的抗偏斜性。而且,所公开的板条型卷帘设计能用作室外或室内帘。
通过附图和下文的相应描述,本发明的实施例的其它方面将会变得显然。
附图说明
应了解下面的附图描绘了本发明的仅典型实施例的细节且因此不应认为是限制本发明的范围,且特别地:
图1示出根据本发明的实施例的板条型卷帘的面向阳光的侧部;
图2示出图1所示的帘的侧视图;
图3示出图1所示的帘的透视图;
图4示出板条渐进地隔开的本发明的实施例;以及
图5表示图1的实施例的放大图,示出用于遮帘的织物。
具体实施方式
现转至图1,示出根据本发明的实施例的板条型卷帘10。板条型卷帘包括多个板条或百叶板11,在下文中详细地讨论。板条11使得板条型卷帘10区别于传统卷帘,因为由于下面讨论的原因,板条11为帘提供定向遮挡。
板条型卷帘10包括卷轴12。限定于卷轴12的相对侧边缘14、16之间的卷轴12的轴向长度跨越帘10的宽度。卷轴12被设计成支承帘10而无需额外梯绳。图示卷轴12大约二十英寸长,但长度的全部范围预期覆盖各种大小的建筑开口。
板条型卷帘包括遮帘18。由相对侧边缘20、22限定的遮帘宽度基本上与卷轴12宽度相同。遮帘18的长度(其为帘10的长度)由相对的顶遮帘边缘24与底遮帘边缘26限定。顶边缘24直接连接到卷轴12且底边缘26与之隔开一段距离。遮帘长度可为现成卷帘的典型可用长度或者可为定制长度,如用于超标度窗或门处理所规定的定制长度。
多个板条11包括(例如)第一和第二竖直间隔开的板条30、32。板条中的每一个具有基本上相同的长度,由第一板条30中的相对侧边缘34、36与第二板条32中的相对侧边缘38、40限定。而且,板条的长度与卷轴12的长度基本上相同。
板条30、32中的每一个也具有基本上相同的周向尺寸,由第一板条30中相对的前边缘42和后边缘44和第二板条32中相对的前边缘46和后边缘48限定。每个板条40、42的深度与Pi成比例,Pi有效地为卷轴12的外径周长的大约三分之一。更深的板条将为帘提供较差的收回和伸展特征。与更深板条相关联的其它问题是将水截留在外部部位的倾向。另一方面,比周长的大约三分之一更浅的板条将具有更少的板条材料以导向和/或阻挡光且因此功能上效率更差且具有对定向遮挡不利的影响。
现参看图2和图3来示出板条11的边缘曲率。如图2所示,当收回时,带有绕卷轴12缠绕的遮帘18和板条11的帘10形成螺旋曲线50。每个板条边缘的曲率由螺旋曲线50的区段限定,当帘收回时,相应板条位于螺旋曲线50的该区段上。因此,板条组11的曲率在每个相邻板条30、32之间渐进地变化。即,更靠近帘10顶部的板条的中间或平均半径小于靠近帘底部板条的中间或平均半径。
为了实现所描述的渐进曲线图案,在制造过程中,板条30、32中的每一个最初在各自的板条后边缘44、48处粘附到遮帘18。在此过程中,遮帘18绕卷轴12缠绕使得帘10处于收回构造。帘10然后被热处理以使板条永久地固定为所需形式。
弯曲板条提供普通卷遮帘不能提供的定向遮光。如上文所示,典型玻璃纤维卷遮帘的开口面积必须限为3%至5%,否则,来自上方的直射阳光将使得内部空间过于明亮。对于板条型卷帘10,控制来自上方的直射阳光穿透的功能由板条而非由遮帘来执行。在板条型卷帘10中的遮帘18的开口面积可为40%至50%。
而且,板条型卷帘的收回构造比所引用的现有技术板条型帘显著地更紧凑。如现有技术所示,具有与卷轴相同半径的板条将在帘被收回时远离卷轴挠曲。另一方面,当帘被收回时,边缘半径大于卷轴的板条将在切向伸展经过卷轴。利用所公开的板条型卷帘避免了提供庞大且难以操纵的收回帘的不合需要的现有技术构造。
此外,由于至少两个单独的原因,弯曲板条30、32提供具有在收回帘时抵抗沿着卷轴的纵向轴线偏斜或移位的更大阻力的遮帘。首先,所公开材料的适当弯曲板条30、32强迫遮帘18水平正确对准。其次,紧紧地卷起的形式本身与板条材料执行的强迫功能分开,消除了偏斜。因此,使板条曲率与卷轴直径匹配允许紧紧卷起的包装且消除偏斜。这是相对于现有技术的卷遮帘的独特优点。
板条型卷帘由于其紧凑的收回构造可制成相对较长的单元且用手或电锯相当容易地细分。举例而言,帘可被制成16英尺长度,其为典型帘长度的大约2.5倍。在统计上,这种长度在切割成3英尺宽与8英尺宽之间正常大小范围的定制大小遮帘时提供合理的产量。
也可在板条之间提供渐进间距,如在图4中以放大形式所示。此处,帘10安装成板条的前边缘朝向直接入射光突出。
如在图4中可看出,在相邻板条之间的竖直间距,即,沿着遮帘的长度方向,渐进地增加,始于顶部板条且持续到底部板条。举例而言,转至顶部三个板条52、54、56,在第二板条54与第三板条56之间的距离大于在第一板条52与第二板条54之间的距离。在每个板条之间的实际间距梯度可增加例如一英寸的千分之十至千分之十五。
在图4中,以成组的基本上平行的线58、60示出直接入射光。由于渐进的间距,阻挡直射光穿过顶部成对的板条52、54。另一方面,某些直射光能穿过(例如)底部成对的板条(前述第一板条和第二板条)30、32。
渐进的间距提供通过底部板条30、32比顶部板条52、54更多的视野和更少的遮挡。因此,允许阳光进入空间且使得空间明亮,同时被阻挡以避开站在该空间中的人的眼睛。
应了解相反的间距渐变可合乎需要且实施于帘设计内。这种相反的间距可适于办公室,其中人需要在计算机前坐较长时间。人可能会希望房间顶部充满阳光而阻挡来自房间底部的周围光。
另外替代地,在板条之间的恒定间距可合乎需要且实施于帘设计内。其它间距选择,诸如由非线性梯度限定的渐变,诸如抛物线梯度或者非均匀的梯度,都在本发明的范围内。
现将考虑板条型卷帘10的材料。图1所示的卷轴12由铝管制成,其具有大约2英寸的外径和大约一英寸的1/16的壁厚度。但是,取决于可用的空间和所需材料特征,可利用其它管材料和大小。作为大小的变型,一英寸外径管是易于接受的选择。
用于遮帘18的材料取决于帘10的用途。如附图且特别地图5所示,室内帘10由机织或针织的半透明或透明织物制成。而且,图示的室内织物包括美观设计印刷或图案62。具体示出的图案62提供成线集合的外观,其沿着遮帘长度方向延伸且沿着遮帘在宽度方向分组。但是,其它印刷或图案设计也是可接受的。
出于外部目的,作为机织织物的替代,利用适合于室外暴露的可卷遮帘。这种遮帘比室内遮帘更耐用。材料可包括(例如,但不限于)以下可能选择:金属(诸如铝),或塑料,乙烯,玻璃纤维和类似物。例如典型窗户遮帘可由铝网制成。这种窗户遮帘易于用作板条型卷帘的遮帘18。遮帘材料可替代地为皮芯型,诸如乙烯涂层的玻璃纤维纱,或者聚乙烯涂层的聚丙烯纱,其在编织后在其交叉点热熔以固定纱。
如果遮帘呈金属丝网材料的形式,那么遮帘可定向成45度或某些其它角度,其使得网与典型窗户或门遮帘方位偏移。在板条型卷帘中的遮帘网与窗户或门遮帘之间的这种对比避免了视觉波纹图案。
板条30、32由非机织不透光(即,不透明)织物制成,诸如层压到不透明膜上的非机织织物。板条也可由本身热塑性塑料制成,诸如PVC、PET(聚酯)或聚碳酸酯制成。合适织物的一个实例是7密尔(mil)至15密尔厚的PVC,PET或PC膜,其可在170℉与250℉之间热成型。另一实例是将一密尔白PET(不透明膜)层压到由可热成型的聚酯纤维制成的非机织的50至80克每平方米织物上,其易于接受胶且根据需要着色。板条30、32可使用在压力下热熔地施加的共聚酯粘合剂在相应板条后边缘44、48处粘附到遮帘18。
转至板条型卷帘的其它构件,卷轴可选地安装于头轨(未图示)中。头轨大小可足够大以容纳卷轴和收回的帘。
帘装有加重的底轨用于维持遮帘在拉紧条件下。底轨重量特别适用于在建筑开口外侧中安置的帘。在此配置中,底轨重量将维持帘的稳定性,尽管(例如)在外部配置中存在风。通常,接合底轨的轨道或张力缆线提供额外的抗风阻力。
头轨和底轨可呈多种形状中的任何形状。选择形状的考虑为总帘组件的预期耐用性、成本或美观性要求。
或者,帘组件,无论是内部安装或外部安装,可设于框架内。当安置于框架中时,底轨(例如)可不是必需的。
对卷轴进行控制以伸展或收回帘可由直接控制机构或间接控制机构来实施。直接控制机构的实例为具有相关联齿轮的提升绳。间接控制机构的实例是由壁开关或无线遥控器操作的电机。无线遥控器可使用通常适于射频通信的电子器件与电机通信。
使用直接控制机构将通常在室内安装中。使用间接控制机构将通常在外部安装中。但是控制机构的任一配置都不限于外部安装或内部安装。可用卷轴的直接或间接操作的各种已知选择。因此,省略了关于这些构件的进一步讨论。
尽管在上文中公开了本发明的若干实施例,应了解本发明并不限于这些实施例。实际上,应了解本领域技术人员将能设计各种布置,其虽然并未具体地示出或描述,但将体现本发明的原理且仍属于本发明的范围内。对上文的修改对于本领域技术人员而言将是显然的,但并不将本发明修改成超过所附权利要求的范围。

Claims (7)

1.用于形成卷帘的方法,所述方法包括:
将多个板条连接到遮帘,每个板条具有宽度和长度,板条在遮帘上定向为宽度方向;
围绕卷轴卷绕所述遮帘,使得卷帘处于绕卷轴的收回构造;并且
对处于收回构造的卷帘进行热处理,以永久地将板条的曲率固定成具有由螺旋曲线的区段所限定的曲率,其中当卷帘处于收回构造时相应的板条设置在所述螺旋曲线上。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,还包括将每个板条与每下一相邻板条在长度方向沿遮帘间隔开。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,还包括将每个板条在各自的后板条边缘处连接到遮帘。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,还包括通过热塑性塑料形成所述板条。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中每个板条从其前边缘到后边缘具有大致相同的圆周尺寸。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,还包括将每个板条形成为具有深度,该深度为由所述卷帘卷绕的卷轴的外直径的周长的大约1/3。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,还包括将每个板条形成为具有深度,该深度为由所述卷帘卷绕的卷轴的外直径的周长的大约1/3。
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