CN105363446A - 一种石脑油重整催化剂及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种石脑油重整催化剂及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105363446A CN105363446A CN201410423123.6A CN201410423123A CN105363446A CN 105363446 A CN105363446 A CN 105363446A CN 201410423123 A CN201410423123 A CN 201410423123A CN 105363446 A CN105363446 A CN 105363446A
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 130
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 39
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000002803 maceration Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 15
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010335 hydrothermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- QSHYGLAZPRJAEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(chloromethyl)-2-(2-methylphenyl)-1,3-thiazole Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C1=NC(CCl)=CS1 QSHYGLAZPRJAEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YVDLTVYVLJZLLS-UHFFFAOYSA-J O.Cl[Pt](Cl)(Cl)Cl Chemical compound O.Cl[Pt](Cl)(Cl)Cl YVDLTVYVLJZLLS-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 2
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- DQZSFJLSNBDOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-L [Cl-].[Cl-].CCBBB.[Pt+2] Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].CCBBB.[Pt+2] DQZSFJLSNBDOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- SQZFNPJUUKUJTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Pt].[N+](=O)([O-])N(C(N(N)[N+](=O)[O-])=O)N Chemical compound [Pt].[N+](=O)([O-])N(C(N(N)[N+](=O)[O-])=O)N SQZFNPJUUKUJTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
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- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- DBJYYRBULROVQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum rhenium Chemical compound [Re].[Pt] DBJYYRBULROVQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 4
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- NGDQQLAVJWUYSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3-thiazole-5-sulfonyl chloride Chemical compound S1C(S(Cl)(=O)=O)=C(C)N=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 NGDQQLAVJWUYSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QMMFVYPAHWMCMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl sulfide Chemical compound CSC QMMFVYPAHWMCMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 101100112369 Fasciola hepatica Cat-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101100005271 Neurospora crassa (strain ATCC 24698 / 74-OR23-1A / CBS 708.71 / DSM 1257 / FGSC 987) cat-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
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- 101100126846 Neurospora crassa (strain ATCC 24698 / 74-OR23-1A / CBS 708.71 / DSM 1257 / FGSC 987) katG gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- -1 Halogen acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
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- B01J21/02—Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
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- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
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- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/64—Platinum group metals with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
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- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
- B01J37/0018—Addition of a binding agent or of material, later completely removed among others as result of heat treatment, leaching or washing,(e.g. forming of pores; protective layer, desintegrating by heat)
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Abstract
一种石脑油重整催化剂,包括氧化铝载体和以载体为基准计算的含量如下的各组分:Ⅷ族金属?0.1~2.0质量%,ⅦB族金属?0.1~3.0质量%,硫酸根0.45~3.0质量%,卤素?0.5~3.0质量%。该催化剂用于石脑油重整反应,不需预硫化,并具有较高的芳构化活性和选择性。
Description
技术领域
本发明为一种烃转化催化剂及其制备方法,具体地说,是一种石脑油重整催化剂及制备方法。
背景技术
催化重整是以C6~C12的石脑油馏份为原料,在一定温度、压力、临氢和催化剂存在下,使原料烃分子发生环烷烃脱氢、直链烷烃脱氢异构、链烷烃脱氢环化等重整反应,生产高辛烷值汽油调和组分或芳烃,并副产廉价氢气的过程。目前催化重整工艺中广泛采用的负载型双功能重整催化剂,包括金属组元提供的加氢/脱氢功能和载体提供的酸性异构功能。重整催化剂通常是以活性氧化铝为载体,Pt为主金属组元,并含有第二金属组元如铼、锡或锗的双(多)金属催化剂。
对于双功能重整催化剂,金属功能与酸性功能以一定的匹配度协同作用于催化重整反应。两者中若金属加氢/脱氢活性功能太强,重整催化剂表面上的积炭会迅速增加,不利于重整反应的继续进行,金属功能太弱,催化剂活性降低。若酸性太强,催化剂的加氢裂化活性较强,重整产物的液体收率会降低,酸性太弱,活性降低。因此载体酸性功能与金属功能的平衡匹配决定了催化剂的活性、选择性与稳定性。
另外,对于铂铼重整催化剂,由于金属铼具有很高的氢解活性,开工时如不钝化铼的活性,将在进油初期发生强烈的氢解反应,放出大量的反应热,使催化剂床层温度迅速升高,出现超温现象。一旦出现这种现象,往往会造成严重后果,轻则造成催化剂大量积炭,损害催化剂的活性和稳定性,重则烧坏催化剂、反应器以及内构件。因此铂铼重整催化剂在使用前需要经过预硫化,通过预硫化,抑制新鲜催化剂过度的氢解反应,以保护催化剂的活性和稳定性,改善催化剂的选择性。对铂铼催化剂进行预硫化的方法有两种:一种是在氢气中引入H2S,在一定的温度和压力下缓慢地对催化剂进行预硫化;另一种是在一定的温度、压力下,在氢气中注入有机硫化物,如二甲基二硫醚、二甲基硫醚等,用这些有机硫化物分解后形成的H2S对催化剂进行预硫化。第一种方法一般用于实验室研究,第二种方法普遍用于铂铼催化剂工业装置的开工。这两种方法的本质都是用H2S对催化剂进行预硫化,均属于气相硫化。铂铼重整催化剂的预硫化存在设备腐蚀、环境污染和安全隐患等问题。
对于重整催化剂中的硫酸根,一般认为会损害催化剂的性能,对催化剂是一种毒物。CN98117895.2公开了一种重整催化剂上硫酸根的脱除方法,在400~600℃向因硫酸根中毒的催化剂床层通入在该条件下分解出氯化氢的有机氯化合物将其脱除,该法较之常规的催化剂氯化更新再生,可有效脱除催化剂中的硫酸根。
CN102139221B公开了一种铂铼重整催化剂,催化剂中含有0.1~0.3质量%的硫酸根。所述硫酸根是在催化剂制备过程中采用共浸渍法或分浸渍的方法引入的,得到的催化剂不需进行预硫化即可与重整原料油接触进行重整反应,催化剂具有较长的使用寿命和较好的催化性能,简化了开工步骤。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种石脑油重整催化剂及制备方法,该催化剂含有适量硫酸根,可用廉价原料制备,用于石脑油重整反应,具有较高的芳构化活性和选择性。
本发明提供的石脑油重整催化剂,包括氧化铝载体和以载体为基准计算的含量如下的各组分:
Ⅷ族金属0.1~2.0质量%,
ⅦB族金属0.1~3.0质量%,
硫酸根0.45~3.0质量%,
卤素0.5~3.0质量%。
本发明催化剂使用硫酸根含量高的氧化铝为载体,负载活性组分后制得催化剂,所述催化剂不用预硫化即可用于石脑油催化重整反应,并具有较高的反应活性和选择性。
具体实施方式
本发明催化剂使用硫酸根含量高的氧化铝为载体,负载活性组分后制得催化剂,载体中的硫酸根优选来自于氧化铝制备过程中所用的硫酸盐,优选地,制备得到的氧化铝载体经过水热处理,以增加大孔的分布比例。
重整催化剂氧化铝载体的前身物—拟薄水铝石的制备方法有多种,其中以廉价原料制备拟薄水铝石的主要方法是以偏铝酸钠和硫酸铝为原料,经沉淀、老化和洗涤后得到拟薄水铝石粉。其中原料硫酸铝含有的硫酸根,不仅可作为氧化铝中硫酸根的来源,而且可减少常规方法中脱除硫酸根的洗涤步骤,只需将原料中的钠含量降低至规定值即可。
本发明催化剂含有较高的硫酸根,所述的硫酸根优选来自氧化铝制备过程中所用的原料。
本发明所述的催化剂优选还含有0.01~3.0质量%的选自镱、钇、铕或铈的稀土元素。
本发明催化剂各组分的含量优选如下:
Ⅷ族金属0.1~1.0质量%,
ⅦB族金属0.1~2.0质量%,
硫酸根0.45~2.0质量%,
卤素0.5~2.0质量%,
催化剂中若含有稀土元素镱、钇、铕或铈,则其含量优选为0.1~1.0质量%。
本发明所述催化剂中的Ⅷ族金属选自铂、钌、铑或铱、更优选铂,ⅦB族金属优选铼,卤素优选氯。
所述催化剂的比表面积优选为180~300m2/g、更优选210~250m2/g。
本发明催化剂优选具有较高的大孔比例,即孔半径大于10nm的大孔所占的比例较高,孔半径小于3nm的小孔所占比例较低,且孔半径为3~10nm的孔占绝大多数,分布集中。本发明催化剂优选具有如下的孔分布:孔半径为3~10nm的孔的孔体积占总孔体积的70~85%,孔半径小于3nm的孔的孔体积与总孔体积的比不大于25%、优选不大于15%,孔半径大于10nm的孔的孔体积与总孔体积的比大于5%。所述孔分布中,孔半径大于10nm的孔的孔体积与总孔体积的比优选为5~10%。
本发明催化剂中的硫酸根优选在载体氧化铝制备过程中引入,所述的氧化铝的制备方法有铝酸盐中和法、铝盐中和法、铝溶胶中和法以及醇铝水解法。优选的是用铝酸盐中和法制备含硫酸根的氧化铝。
本发明提供的催化剂优选的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将偏铝酸钠和硫酸铝按1~10:1的摩尔比混合进行反应,控制反应过程溶液pH值为7~11,反应后产物于60~150℃老化,所得固体物经水洗、干燥后得到含硫酸根的拟薄水铝石粉,其中硫酸根含量以氧化铝为基准计算为0.45~3.0质量%,
(2)在(1)步所得拟薄水铝石粉中加入酸溶液进行混捏,挤条成型后,干燥、焙烧,得到含硫酸根的氧化铝载体,
(3)将(2)步制得的载体用水于450~850℃进行水热处理,
(4)将水热处理后的载体用含Ⅷ族金属、ⅦB族金属和卤素的浸渍液浸渍,再将浸渍后固体干燥、焙烧。
上述方法(1)步为制备拟薄水铝石粉,(1)步将偏铝酸钠和硫酸铝混合后进行反应,反应过程中,优选控制反应体系的pH值为8.0~10.0,若反应体系的pH值未达到要求,可加入碳酸钠调节pH。反应后产物进行老化的时间优选为2~48h、更优选2~10h。老化温度优选60~100℃。
上述方法(2)步为氧化铝载体的成型,在拟薄水铝石粉中加入的酸为胶溶剂,可采用硝酸、乙酸、柠檬酸、磷酸、盐酸、硫酸或其混合物作为胶溶剂。优选地,可在拟薄水铝石粉中加入田菁粉或甲基纤维素做助挤剂。挤条成型后,进行干燥的温度优选90~120℃,焙烧温度优选450~650℃。
(3)步为对(2)步制备的氧化铝载体进行水热处理,水热处理可于含水的空气中进行,也可在纯水蒸汽中进行。若使用含水空气,则水蒸气分压(绝压)优选0.001~0.05MPa。水热处理温度优选550~780℃,时间优选2~30小时。
所述方法(4)步为向载体中引入金属活性组分和卤素,配制的浸渍液中,Ⅷ族金属来自氯铂酸、二氯四铵合铂、氯铂酸铵、三氯化铂、四氯化铂水合物、二氯化二羰基铂、二硝基二氨基铂或四硝基铂酸钠;ⅦB族金属来自高铼酸或高铼酸铵;卤素由HCl引入。
若催化剂中含有本发明所述的稀土元素,则浸渍液中还含有镱、钇、铕或铈,所述的镱、钇、铕、铈优选来自于其硝酸盐或氯化物。
浸渍也可采用分步浸渍法引入活性组分,即每次浸渍只引入一种金属活性组分,浸渍后载体经干燥、焙烧,再引入另一种金属组分。优选采用共浸的方法引入活性组分。浸渍引入活性组分时,可采用饱和浸渍或过饱和浸渍。浸渍时浸渍液与载体的液/固体积比可为0.4~4.0、优选0.8~2.0。适宜的浸渍温度为15~90℃、优选20~50℃,浸渍时间优选1~8小时、更优选2~4小时。配制的浸渍液中还应含有氢卤酸、优选盐酸,以引入卤素组分并使金属组分在整个载体上均匀分布。浸渍后的固体干燥后,在空气中进行焙烧活化。焙烧温度优选400~700℃,焙烧时适宜的气/剂体积比为500~1000:1,焙烧时间优选4~8小时。
使用过饱和浸渍时,过剩的浸渍液通过过滤或真空蒸发溶剂的方法除去。所述的真空蒸发溶剂的方法可采用旋转真空蒸发器进行,具体的操作方法为:将含各活性组分的水溶性化合物配制成浸渍液,在0.001~0.10MPa及旋转的条件下浸渍氧化铝载体,浸渍液与载体的液/固体积比为1.1~3.0,旋转线速度为0.01~2.0米/秒,浸渍后进行干燥和焙烧活化。真空旋转浸渍的压力优选0.001~0.08MPa。浸渍时边加热边旋转,旋转速率不宜太快,优选的旋转线速度为0.02~0.8米/秒、更优选0.05~0.5米/秒。真空旋转浸渍后,浸渍液中水分已基本蒸发,催化剂呈干燥状态,此时可直接将载体取出进行干燥和焙烧。
浸渍活性组分后的固体的干燥温度为60~200℃,干燥时间优选6~12小时,焙烧温度为450~650℃,焙烧时间优选2~6小时。
焙烧后得到的催化剂在使用前需进行还原,还原在氢气气氛中进行,适宜的还原温度为150~550℃,气/剂体积比为400~1400:1,还原时间为2~20小时,优选4~10小时。
本发明催化剂使用前不需要进行预硫化,可直接与石脑油接触反应。
本发明所述的催化剂适合于烃类的催化重整反应,重整反应条件为:压力0.1~10.0MPa、优选0.3~2.5MPa,温度370~600℃、优选450~550℃,氢气/烃体积比为300~3000、优选800~1500,进料体积空速0.1~20.0h-1、优选0.5~5.0h-1。
所述的烃类原料为馏程40~230℃的直馏石脑油或其掺合石油加工中的焦化、催化裂化、加氢裂化、煤液化、乙烯裂解抽余油得到的石脑油组分。
下面通过实例进一步说明本发明,但本发明并不限于此。
实例1
(1)制备含硫酸根的γ-Al2O3载体。
在成胶罐中加入200mL去离子水,加热至60℃,充分搅拌下,将200mL硫酸铝溶液(硫酸铝溶液以氧化铝计的浓度为50g/L)和140mL偏铝酸钠溶液(偏铝酸钠溶液以氧化铝计的浓度为150g/L)同时加入到成胶罐中,用偏铝酸钠溶液调整反应物的pH值为7.5,中和反应30分钟,然后用偏铝酸钠溶液将体系的pH值调整至9.5,继续搅拌老化30分钟。过滤、滤饼主要成分为拟薄水铝石。将滤饼在30℃用去离子水进行3次浆化洗涤和过滤,每次用水量为500mL,时间为30分钟。将最后一次洗涤得到的滤饼在120℃干燥12小时,得到拟薄水铝石粉体。
将上述拟薄水铝石粉体按照粉体:田菁粉:硝酸:乙酸:柠檬酸:水=50:1:2:3:3:40的质量比混捏均匀,然后挤条,湿条于120℃干燥12小时,650℃焙烧4小时,制得γ-Al2O3载体ZT-1,其中SO4 2-含量以干基氧化铝为基准计为0.92质量%。
(2)制备催化剂
取30克载体ZT-1,将氯铂酸、高铼酸铵、硝酸镱和盐酸配成浸渍液,使浸渍液中含Pt0.21%、Re0.46%、Yb0.21%、Cl1.8%(相对于干基氧化铝质量),液/固体积比为1.5。将载体和浸渍液倒入500毫升烧瓶中,在旋转真空蒸发器(上海亚荣生化仪器厂生产)上于30℃、0.008MPa、旋转线速0.03米/秒的转速下浸渍3小时,70℃抽真空使固体呈干燥状,120℃干燥12小时,干空气中于500℃、气/剂体积比为700的条件下焙烧4小时,降温至150℃,氮气置换后用氢气置换,然后在480℃、气剂体积比为500的条件下用氢气还原2小时,得到催化剂Cat-1,其组成见表1,BET法测得的比表面积和孔分布见表2。
实例2
按实例1的方法制备催化剂,不同的是(2)步用氯铂酸、高铼酸铵和盐酸配成浸渍液,使浸渍液中含Pt0.21%、Re0.46%、Cl1.8%(相对于干基氧化铝质量),经干燥、焙烧、还原后得到催化剂Cat-2,其组成见表1,比表面积和孔分布见表2。
实例3
(1)制备含硫酸根的γ-Al2O3载体。
在成胶罐中加入200mL去离子水,加热至60℃,充分搅拌下,将200mL硫酸铝溶液(硫酸铝溶液以氧化铝计的浓度为50g/L)和140mL偏铝酸钠溶液(偏铝酸钠溶液以氧化铝计的浓度为150g/L)同时加入到成胶罐中,用偏铝酸钠溶液调整反应物的pH值为7.8,中和反应30分钟,然后用偏铝酸钠溶液将体系的pH值调整至9.8,继续搅拌老化30分钟。过滤、滤饼主要成分为拟薄水铝石。将滤饼在30℃用去离子水进行4次浆化洗涤和过滤,每次用水量为500mL,时间为30分钟。将最后一次洗涤得到的滤饼在120℃干燥12小时,得到拟薄水铝石粉体。
将上述拟薄水铝石粉体按照粉体:田菁粉:硝酸:乙酸:柠檬酸:水=50:1:2:3:3:40的质量比混捏均匀,然后挤条,湿条于120℃干燥12小时,650℃焙烧4小时,制得γ-Al2O3载体ZT-2,其中SO4 2-含量以干基氧化铝为基准计为0.48质量%。
(2)制备催化剂
取30克载体ZT-2,按实例1(2)步的方法制备催化剂,制得的催化剂Cat-3的组成见表1,比表面积和孔分布见表2。
实例4
以下实例对含硫酸根的γ-Al2O3载体进行水热处理,再制备催化剂。
(1)制备载体
取实例1制备的载体ZT-1,于650℃、水分压为0.02MPa的含水空气(总压力0.1MPa,绝压)中处理20小时,得载体ZT-3。
(2)制备催化剂
取30克载体ZT-3,按实例1(2)步的方法制备催化剂,制得的催化剂Cat-4的组成见表1,比表面积和孔分布见表2。
实例5
取30克实例4制备的载体ZT-3,按实例1(2)步的方法制备催化剂,不同的是用氯铂酸、高铼酸铵、硝酸钇和盐酸配成浸渍液,使浸渍液中含Pt0.21%、Re0.46%、Y0.30%、Cl1.8%(相对于干基氧化铝质量),经干燥、焙烧、还原后得到催化剂Cat-5,其组成见表1,比表面积和孔分布见表2。
实例6
取30克实例4制备的载体ZT-3,按实例1(2)步的方法制备催化剂,不同的是用氯铂酸、高铼酸铵、硝酸铕和盐酸配成浸渍液,使浸渍液中含Pt0.21%、Re0.46%、Eu0.12%、Cl1.8%(相对于干基氧化铝质量),经干燥、焙烧、还原后得到催化剂Cat-6,其组成见表1,比表面积和孔分布见表2。
实例7
取30克实例4制备的载体ZT-3,按实例1(2)步的方法制备催化剂,不同的是用氯铂酸、高铼酸铵、硝酸铈和盐酸配成浸渍液,使浸渍液中含Pt0.21%、Re0.46%、Ce0.31%、Cl1.8%(相对于干基氧化铝质量),经干燥、焙烧、还原后得到催化剂Cat-7,其组成见表1,比表面积和孔分布见表2。
实例8
(1)制备载体
取实例1制备的载体ZT-1,于750℃、水分压为0.005MPa的含水空气(总压力0.1MPa,绝压)中处理8小时,得载体ZT-4。
(2)制备催化剂
取30克载体ZT-4,按实例1(2)步的方法制备催化剂,制得的催化剂Cat-8的组成见表1,比表面积和孔分布见表2。
实例9
(1)制备载体
取实例1制备的载体ZT-1,于550℃、用水蒸气(压力0.6MPa,绝压)处理8小时,得载体ZT-5。
(2)制备催化剂
取30克载体ZT-5,按实例1(2)步的方法制备催化剂,不同的是用氯铂酸、高铼酸铵、硝酸钇和盐酸配成浸渍液,使浸渍液中含Pt0.21%、Re0.46%、Y0.30%、Cl1.8%(相对于干基氧化铝质量),经干燥、焙烧、还原后得到催化剂Cat-9,其组成见表1,比表面积和孔分布见表2。
实例10
(1)制备载体
取实例1制备的载体ZT-1,于600℃、用水蒸气(压力0.6MPa,绝压)处理5小时,得载体ZT-6。
(2)制备催化剂
取30克载体ZT-6,按实例1(2)步的方法制备催化剂,制得的催化剂Cat-10的组成见表1,比表面积和孔分布见表2。
实例11
(1)制备载体
取实例3制备的载体ZT-2,于650℃、水分压为0.02MPa的含水空气(总压力0.1MPa,绝压)中处理20小时,得载体ZT-7。
(2)制备催化剂
取30克载体ZT-7,按实例1(2)步的方法制备催化剂,不同的是用氯铂酸、高铼酸铵、硝酸钇和盐酸配成浸渍液,使浸渍液中含Pt0.21%、Re0.46%、Y0.30%、Cl1.8%(相对于干基氧化铝质量),经干燥、焙烧、还原后得到催化剂Cat-11,其组成见表1,比表面积和孔分布见表2。
对比例1
(1)按CN102139221B的方法制备氧化铝载体。
在成胶罐中,加入200mL去离子水,加热至60℃,充分搅拌下,将200mL以氧化铝计的浓度为50g/L的硫酸铝溶液,140mL以氧化铝计的浓度为150g/L的偏铝酸钠溶液同时加入到成胶罐中,加入偏铝酸钠溶液调整反应物的pH值为8.0,进行中和反应30分钟,然后用偏铝酸钠溶液将体系的pH值调整至10.0,继续搅拌老化30分钟。过滤,所得滤饼主要成分为拟薄水铝石,其中含干基氧化铝约30g。将滤饼在40℃用去离子水洗涤6次,每次用水量为600mL,时间为30分钟。将最后一次洗涤得到的滤饼在120℃干燥12小时,得到拟薄水铝石粉体。
取上述拟薄水铝石粉,按照粉体:田菁粉:硝酸:乙酸:柠檬酸:水=50:1:2:3:3:40的质量比混捏均匀,然后挤条,湿条于120℃干燥12小时、650℃焙烧6小时,得到γ-Al2O3载体ZT-8,其中SO4 2-含量为干基氧化铝的0.30质量%。
(2)制备催化剂
取30克载体ZT-8,按实例1(2)步的方法制备催化剂,制得的催化剂Cat-12的组成见表1,比表面积和孔分布见表2。
对比例2
按对比例1的方法制备催化剂,不同的是(2)步用氯铂酸、高铼酸铵和盐酸配成浸渍液,使浸渍液中含Pt0.21%、Re0.46%、Cl1.8%(相对于干基氧化铝质量),经干燥、焙烧、还原后得到催化剂Cat-13,其组成见表1,比表面积和孔分布见表2。
对比例3
取工业条形γ-Al2O3载体(长岭催化剂厂生产)30克,按实例1(2)步的方法制备催化剂,不同的是催化剂还原后降温至425℃,在氢气流中加入0.10%(相对于催化剂质量)的硫化氢对催化剂进行预硫化,得到的催化剂Cat-14的组成见表1,比表面积和孔分布见表2。
对比例4
取工业条形γ-Al2O3载体(长岭催化剂厂生产)30克,按实例1(2)步的方法制备催化剂,不同的是用氯铂酸、高铼酸铵和盐酸配成浸渍液,使浸渍液中含Pt0.21%、Re0.46%、Cl1.8%(相对于干基氧化铝质量),经干燥、焙烧、预硫化得到的催化剂Cat-15的组成见表1,比表面积和孔分布见表2。
实例12~26
在微反装置上装填5mL催化剂,以表3所列性质的精制石脑油为原料,评价催化剂的反应性能。评价条件为:反应温度为500℃、压力为1.0MPa,进料重量空速为4h-1,氢/烃体积比为1200:1,各实例所用催化剂及反应结果见表4。
由表4可知,与用硫化氢进行预硫化的工业催化剂Cat-14、Cat-15相比,本发明催化剂具有较高的芳烃产率。与载体中硫酸根含量低的对比剂Cat-12、Cat-13相比,本发明催化剂亦具有较高的芳烃产率。本发明中,载体进行水热处理的催化剂较之载体未进行水热处理的催化剂,具有较高的液体收率和芳烃产率。
表1
表2
表3
表4
实例号 | 催化剂编号 | 液体收率,质量% | 芳烃产率,质量% |
12 | Cat-1 | 91.55 | 63.27 |
13 | Cat-2 | 90.87 | 63.28 |
14 | Cat-3 | 91.19 | 63.08 |
15 | Cat-4 | 92.28 | 66.83 |
16 | Cat-5 | 92.09 | 66.34 |
17 | Cat-6 | 91.77 | 66.87 |
18 | Cat-7 | 92.56 | 66.28 |
19 | Cat-8 | 91.97 | 66.66 |
20 | Cat-9 | 92.38 | 66.55 |
21 | Cat-10 | 92.24 | 66.81 |
22 | Cat-11 | 92.49 | 66.18 |
23 | Cat-12 | 91.81 | 62.59 |
24 | Cat-13 | 91.04 | 62.11 |
25 | Cat-14 | 91.84 | 63.59 |
26 | Cat-15 | 91.74 | 62.94 |
Claims (14)
1.一种石脑油重整催化剂,包括氧化铝载体和以载体为基准计算的含量如下的各组分:
Ⅷ族金属0.1~2.0质量%,
ⅦB族金属0.1~3.0质量%,
硫酸根0.45~3.0质量%,
卤素0.5~3.0质量%。
2.按照权利要求1所述的催化剂,其特征在于所述的催化剂还含有0.01~3.0质量%的选自镱、钇、铕或铈的稀土元素。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的催化剂,其特征在于所述的Ⅷ族金属选自铂、钌、铑或铱,ⅦB族金属选自铼,卤素选自氯。
4.按照权利要求1或2所述的催化剂,其特征在于所述催化剂硫酸根的含量为0.45~2.0质量%。
5.按照权利要求1或2所述的催化剂,其特征在于所述催化剂的比表面积为180~300m2/g。
6.按照权利要求1或2所述的催化剂,其特征在于所述催化剂孔半径为3~10nm的孔的孔体积占总孔体积的70~85%,孔半径小于3nm的孔的孔体积与总孔体积的比不大于25%,孔半径大于10nm的孔的孔体积与总孔体积的比大于5%。
7.按照权利要求6所述的催化剂,其特征在于所述催化剂孔半径大于10nm的孔的孔体积与总孔体积的比为5~10%。
8.一种权利要求1所述催化剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将偏铝酸钠和硫酸铝按1~10:1的摩尔比混合进行反应,控制反应过程溶液pH值为7~11,反应后产物于60~150℃老化,所得固体物经水洗、干燥后得到含硫酸根的拟薄水铝石粉,其中硫酸根含量以氧化铝为基准计算为0.45~3.0质量%,
(2)在(1)步所得拟薄水铝石粉中加入酸溶液进行混捏,挤条成型后,干燥、焙烧,得到含硫酸根的氧化铝载体,
(3)将(2)步制得的载体用水于450~850℃进行水热处理,
(4)将水热处理后的载体用含Ⅷ族金属、ⅦB族金属和卤素的浸渍液浸渍,再将浸渍后固体干燥、焙烧。
9.按照权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于(4)步所述的浸渍液中还含有镱、钇、铕或铈。
10.按照权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于(3)步进行水热处理的方法为用含水空气或水蒸气处理载体,处理时间为2~30小时。
11.按照权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于(1)步将反应后产物进行老化的时间为2~48h。
12.按照权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于(4)步所述浸渍液中,Ⅷ族金属来自氯铂酸、二氯四铵合铂、氯铂酸铵、三氯化铂、四氯化铂水合物、二氯化二羰基铂、二硝基二氨基铂或四硝基铂酸钠。
13.按照权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于(4)步所述浸渍液中,ⅦB族金属来自高铼酸或高铼酸铵,卤素由HCl引入。
14.按照权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于所述浸渍液中的镱、钇、铕、铈来自于其硝酸盐或氯化物。
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EP2992957B1 (en) | 2019-11-20 |
RU2693018C2 (ru) | 2019-07-01 |
US9623403B2 (en) | 2017-04-18 |
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RU2015135819A (ru) | 2017-03-02 |
US20160051969A1 (en) | 2016-02-25 |
TWI660039B (zh) | 2019-05-21 |
EP2992957A1 (en) | 2016-03-09 |
KR102410768B1 (ko) | 2022-06-17 |
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