CN105343582A - 一种治疗破伤风的药物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种治疗破伤风的药物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105343582A
CN105343582A CN201510945726.7A CN201510945726A CN105343582A CN 105343582 A CN105343582 A CN 105343582A CN 201510945726 A CN201510945726 A CN 201510945726A CN 105343582 A CN105343582 A CN 105343582A
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徐士魁
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种治疗破伤风的药物及其制备方法,其主要是由蝉蜕、金银花、钩藤、天麻、全蝎、桑叶、连翘、天南星、桂枝、麦冬、防风、羌活、大黄、赤芍、刺蒺藜、吴茱萸、滑石、甘草、白芷、川芎、半夏、栀子、苍耳子、红花、桃仁、瓜蒌、藁本、黄芩、地榆。按一定重量配比制备而成。本发明药物具有清热解毒,止痉,通络,祛风燥湿,活血止痛,行气开郁的功能,用于治疗破伤风见效快、疗效好,不复发。

Description

一种治疗破伤风的药物及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种治疗破伤风的药物及其制备方法,属中药领域。
背景技术
破伤风破伤风杆菌经由皮肤或黏膜伤口侵入人体,在缺氧环境下生长繁殖,产生毒素而引起阵发性肌痉挛的一种特异性感染。中医则认为破伤风与风毒之邪,外邪入侵,气血不畅,经络拘急有关。由于西药治疗副作用大,因此人们对有效治疗破伤风的中药药物存在极大的需求,至今为止,还没有发现关于本发明的有关报道。
发明内容
本发明人依据中医理论的研究和临床试验的反复验证,终于找到了有效治疗破伤风的药物,从而完成了本发明。
本发明的目的就是提供一种有效治疗破伤风的中药组合药物。
本发明的另一目的就是提供了该中药组合药物的制备方法。
本发明药物是选择蝉蜕、金银花、钩藤、天麻、全蝎、桑叶、连翘、天南星、桂枝、麦冬、防风、羌活、大黄、赤芍、刺蒺藜、吴茱萸、滑石、甘草、白芷、川芎、半夏、栀子、苍耳子、红花、桃仁、瓜蒌、藁本、黄芩、地榆、土荆芥、马齿苋、丁香药物进行组合制备的,将这些药物组合使得各药物功效产生协同作用,从而能够有效治疗破伤风。其中,选用蝉蜕是因为其性味甘咸,凉,入肺、肝经,有散风热,宣肺,定痉的功能,治外感风热,咳嗽音哑,麻疹透发不畅,风疹瘙痒,小儿惊癎,目赤,翳障,疔疮肿毒,破伤风。选用金银花是因为其性味甘,寒,入肺、胃经,有清热,解毒的功能,治温病发热,热毒血痢,痈疡,肿毒,瘰疬,痔漏。选用钩藤是因为其性味苦,凉,入肝、心经,有清热平肝,熄风定惊的功能,治小儿惊癎瘈瘲,大人血压偏高,头晕、目眩,妇人子癎。选用天麻是因为其性味甘,平,入肝经,有息风,定惊的功能,治眩晕眼黑,头风头痛,肢体麻木,半身不遂,语言蹇涩,小儿惊癎动风。选用全蝎是因为其性味咸辛,平,有毒,有祛风,止痉,通络,解毒的功能,治惊风抽搐,癫癎,中风,半身不遂,口眼斜,偏头痛,风湿痹痛,破伤风,淋巴结结核,风疹疮肿。选用桑叶是因为其性味苦甘,寒,入肺、肝经,有祛风清热,凉血明目的功能,治风湿发热,头痛,目赤,口渴,肺热咳嗽,风痹,瘾疹,下肢象皮肿。选用连翘是因为其性味苦,凉,入心、肝、胆经,有清热,解毒,散结,消肿的功能,治温热,丹毒,斑疹,痈疡肿毒,瘰疬,小便淋闭。选用天南星是因为其性味苦辛,温,有毒,入肺、肝、脾经,有燥湿化痰,祛风定惊,消肿散结的功能,治中风痰壅,口眼斜,半身不遂,癫癎,惊风,破伤风,风痰眩晕,喉痹,瘰疬,痈肿,跌扑折伤,蛇虫咬伤。选用桂枝是因为其性味辛甘,温,入膀胱、心、肺经,有发汗解肌,温经通脉的功能,治风寒表证,肩背肢节酸疼,胸痹痰饮,经闭癥瘕。选用麦冬是因为其性味甘微苦,寒,入肺、胃、心经,有养阴润肺,清心除烦,益胃生津的功能,治肺燥干咳,吐血,咯血,肺痿,肺痈,虚劳烦热,清渴,热病津伤,咽干口燥,便秘。选用防风是因为其性味辛甘,温,入膀胱、肺、脾经,有发表,祛风,胜湿,止痛的功能,治外感风寒,头痛,目眩,项强,风寒湿痹,骨节酸痛,四肢挛急,破伤风。选用羌活是因为其性味辛苦,温,入膀胱、肾经,有散表寒,祛风湿,利关节的功能,治感冒风寒,头痛无汗,风寒湿痹,项强筋急,骨节酸疼,风水浮肿,痈疽疮毒。选用大黄是因为其性味苦、寒,入胃、大肠、肝径,有泻热毒,破积滞,行瘀血的功能,治实热便秘,谵语发狂,食积痞满,痢疾初起,里急后重,瘀停经闭,癥瘕积聚,时行热疫,暴眼赤痛,吐血,衄血,阳黄,水肿,淋浊,溲赤,痈疡肿毒,疔疮,汤火伤。选用赤芍是因为其性味苦,微寒,归肝经,有清热凉血,散瘀止痛的功能,治温毒发狂,吐血衄血,目赤肿痛,肝郁胁痛,经闭痛经,癎瘕腹痛,跌扑损伤,痈肿疮疡。选用刺蒺藜是因为其性味苦辛,温,入肝、肺经,有散风,明目,下气,行血的功能,治头痛,身痒,目赤肿翳,胸满,咳逆,癥瘕,乳难,痈疽,瘰疬。选用吴茱萸是因为其性味辛苦,温,有毒,入肝、胃经,有温中,止痛,理气,燥湿的功能,治呕逆吞酸,厥阴头痛,脏寒吐泻,脘腹胀痛,脚气,疝气,口疮溃疡,齿痛,湿疹,黄水疮。选用滑石是因为其性味甘、淡,寒,归膀胱、肺、胃经,有利尿通淋,清热解毒,祛湿解暑的功能,治热淋、石淋,尿热涩痛,暑湿烦渴,湿热水泻,外治湿疹,湿疮,痱子。选用甘草是因为其性味甘,平,入脾、胃、肺经,有和中缓急,润肺,解毒,调和诸药的功能,炙用治脾胃虚弱,食少,腹痛便溏,劳倦发热,肺痿咳嗽,心悸,惊癎;生用治咽喉肿痛,消化性溃疡,痈疽疮疡,解药毒及食物中毒。选用白芷是因为其性味辛,温,入肺、脾、胃经,有祛风,燥湿,消肿,止痛的功能,治头痛,眉棱骨痛,齿痛,鼻渊,寒湿腹痛,肠风痔漏,赤白带下,痈疽疮疡,皮肤燥痒,疥癣。选用川芎是因为其性味辛,温,入肝、胆经,有行气开郁,祛风燥湿,活血止痛的功能,治风冷头痛旋晕,胁痛腹疼,寒痹筋挛,经闭,难产,产后瘀阻块痛,痈疽疮疡。选用半夏是因为其性味辛,温,有毒,入脾、胃经,有燥湿化痰,降逆止呕,清痞散结的功能,治湿痰冷饮呕吐,反胃,咳喘痰多,我膈胀满,痰厥头痛,头晕不眠,外消痈肿。选用栀子是因为其性味苦,寒,入心、肝、肺、胃经,有清热,泻火,凉血的功能,治热病虚烦不眠,黄疸,淋病,消渴,目赤,咽痛,吐血,衄血,血痢,尿血,热毒疮疡,扭伤肿痛。选用苍耳子是因为其性味甘,温,有毒,入肺、肝经,有散风,止痛,祛湿,杀虫的功能,治风寒头痛,鼻渊,齿痛,风寒湿痹,四脚挛痛,疥癞,瘙痒。选用红花是因为其性味甘,平,入心、肝经,有活血化瘀,散郁开结的功能,治忧思郁结,胸膈痞闷,吐血,伤寒发狂,惊怖恍惚,妇女经闭,产后瘀血腹痛,跌扑肿痛。选用桃仁是因为其性味苦甘,平,入心、肝、大肠经,有破血行瘀,润燥滑经的功能,治经闭,癥瘕,热病蓄血,血痹,疟疾,跌打损伤,瘀血肿痛,血燥便秘。选用瓜蒌是因为其性味甘、微苦,寒,归肺、胃、大肠经,有清热涤痰,宽胸散结,润燥滑肠的功能,治肺热咳嗽,痰浊黄稠,胸痹心痛,结胸痞满,乳痈,肠痈,大便秘结。选用藁本是因为其性味辛,温,归膀胱经,有散寒祛风,除湿止痛的功能,用于风寒感冒,巅顶疼痛。选用黄芩是因为其性味苦寒,入心肺、胆、大肠经,有泻实火,除湿热,止血安胎的功能,治壮热烦渴,肺热咳嗽。选用地榆是因为其性味苦酸、寒。入肝、大肠经。凉血止血,清热解毒。治吐血,衄血,血痢,崩溃,肠风,痔漏,痈肿,湿疹,金疮,烧伤。选用土荆芥是因为其性味辛,温,有毒,有祛风,杀虫,通经,止痛的功能,治皮肤风湿痹痛,钩虫,蛔虫,痛经,经闭,皮肤湿疹,蛇虫咬伤。选用马齿苋是因为其性味酸,寒,入大肠、肝、脾经,有清热解毒,散血消肿的功能,治热痢脓血,热淋,血淋,带下,痈肿恶疮,丹毒,瘰疬。选用丁香是因为其性味辛,温,入胃、脾、肾经,有温中,暖肾,降逆的功能,治呃逆,呕吐,反胃,泻痢,心腹冷痛,痃癖,疝气,癣疾。
具体实施方式
本发明组分的药物用量也是发明人经过大量摸索总结得出的,各组分的用量在下述重量范围内都具有较好的疗效:
蝉蜕10-20克,金银花10-20克,钩藤5-15克,天麻7-12克,全蝎5-10克,桑叶10-20克,连翘15-25克,天南星5-15克,桂枝5-10克,麦冬5-15克,防风10-20克,羌活5-15克,大黄7-12克,赤芍5-15克,刺蒺藜5-15克,吴茱萸10-15克,滑石5-15克,甘草7-12克,白芷5-15克,川芎5-15克,半夏10-15克,栀子10-20克,苍耳子10-15克,红花5-15克,桃仁5-15克,瓜蒌10-20克,藁本5-15克,黄芩5-10克,地榆10-20克,土荆芥10-15克,马齿苋10-20克,丁香5-8克。
优选为:
蝉蜕15克,金银花15克,钩藤10克,天麻9克,全蝎8克,桑叶15克,连翘20克,天南星10克,桂枝8克,麦冬10克,防风15克,羌活10克,大黄9克,赤芍10克,刺蒺藜10克,吴茱萸12克,滑石10克,甘草9克,白芷10克,川芎10克,半夏12克,栀子15克,苍耳子12克,红花10克,桃仁10克,瓜蒌15克,藁本10克,黄芩8克,地榆15克,土荆芥12克,马齿苋15克,丁香6克。
本发明药物的制备方法如下
一、备料
1、蝉蜕:拣去杂质,洗净晒干;
2、金银花:筛去泥沙,拣净杂质;
3、钩藤:拣去老梗、杂质,洗净,晒干;
4、天麻:将天麻片平铺于喷过水的表芯纸上,置锅内,用文火烧至纸色焦黄,不断将药片翻动至两面老黄色为止;
5、全蝎:清水漂去盐质,晒干,或微火焙用;
6、桑叶:拣去杂质,搓碎,簸去梗,筛去泥屑;
7、连翘:拣净杂质,搓开,除去枝梗;
8、天南星:拣去杂质,洗净灰屑,晒干;
9、桂枝:用水稍浸泡,捞出,闷润至透,切片,晾干,筛去屑;
10、麦冬:拣净杂质,用水浸泡,捞出,润透后抽去心,再洗净晒干;
11、防风:除去残茎,用水浸泡,捞出,润透切片,晒干;
12、羌活:拣去杂质,洗净,润透,切片,晾干;
13、大黄:拣净杂质,大小分档,焖润至内外湿度均匀,切片或切成小块、晒干;
14、赤芍:取原药材,除去杂质,大小分档,洗净,润透,切薄片,干燥,筛去碎屑;
15、刺蒺藜:漂去泥沙,除净残留的硬刺;
16、吴茱萸:取原药材,除去果柄、枝及杂质,筛去碎屑;
17、滑石:取原药材,除去杂质,洗净,干燥;
18、甘草:拣去杂质,洗净,用水浸泡至八成透时,捞出,润透切片,晾干;
19、白芷:拣净杂质,用水洗净,浸泡,捞出润透,略晒至外皮无滑腻感时,再闷润后,切片干燥;
20、川芎:拣去杂质,分开大、小个,用水浸泡,晒晾,闷润后切片,干燥;
21、半夏:拣去杂质,筛去灰屑;
22、栀子:筛去灰屑,拣去杂质,碾碎过筛或剪去两端;
23、苍耳子:拣尽杂质,去刺,筛去灰屑,微炒至黄色,取出放凉;
24、红花:拣净杂质,除去茎叶、蒂头,晒干;
25、桃仁:除去硬壳杂质,置沸水锅中煮至外皮微皱,捞出,浸入凉水中,搓去种皮,晒干,簸净;
26、瓜蒌:取原药材,除去杂质及果柄,洗净,压扁,切丝或小块,干燥;
27、藁本:取原药材,除去杂质,大小分档,抢水洗净,润透,切片,晒干;
28、黄芩:拣去杂质,除去残茎,用凉水浸润或置开水中稍浸捞出,切片,晒干;
29、地榆:拣去杂质,用水洗净,稍浸泡,润透,切成厚片,晒干;
30、土荆芥:拣净杂质,用水略泡,捞出切段,晒干;
31、马齿苋:拣净杂质,除去残根,以水稍润,切段晒干;
32、丁香:拣去杂质、花梗,筛去灰屑,用时捣碎。
二、制备
1、将炮制后的蝉蜕、金银花、钩藤、天麻、全蝎、桑叶、连翘、天南星、桂枝、麦冬、防风、羌活、大黄、赤芍、刺蒺藜、吴茱萸、滑石、甘草、白芷、川芎、半夏、栀子、苍耳子、红花、桃仁、瓜蒌、藁本、黄芩、地榆、土荆芥、马齿苋、丁香放入煎药容器内,其中滑石装入布袋第一次加水8倍量,浸泡100分钟后,武火煎煮沸腾,再用文火煎煮20分钟,过滤得第一次煎煮液,将第一次煎煮液倒入容器内。
2、将过滤的药渣加6倍量,武火煮沸,再用文火煎煮20分钟,过滤得第二次煎煮液。
3、将两次煎煮液混合搅拌均匀即得,分为4剂服用。
组方中金银花有清热解毒,治温病发热的功能为君药;全蝎祛风,止痉,通络,解毒;川芎有行气开郁,祛风燥湿,活血止痛的功能,二者为臣药,三味药共同发挥清热解毒,止痉,通络,祛风燥湿,活血止痛,行气开郁的作用,治疗破伤风效力全面,且以清热解毒,止痉,通络,祛风,活血为主可治本,藏红花有活血化瘀,散郁开结的功能为佐药,甘草有和中缓急,解毒,调和诸药,治脾胃虚弱,解药毒及食物中毒的功能为使药,与余下诸药是治标。
本发明药物具有清热解毒,止痉,通络,祛风燥湿,活血止痛,行气开郁的功能,用于治疗破伤风,疗程短、见效快、治愈后不复发。
具体实施方式:
以下通过试验例来进一步阐述本发明所述药物的有益效果,这些试验例包括本发明药物的动物毒性试验报告和临床疗效观察资料。
[试验例1]本发明药物的动物毒性试验报告:
取家兔30只,雌雄兼用,体重2.0—2.5kg,分两组,每组15只,其中一组为超剂量试验组,另一组为正常量试验组。服用药液超常量组为20ml/kg,正常量为10ml/kg,给药方式为灌胃法给药,每天两次,连服7天,每天观察给药反应,结果表明二组家兔活动、饮食正常,药物无不良毒副作用。
[试验例2]本发明药物的临床疗效观察
1、一般资料
收治破伤风门诊患者共33例。
2、诊断标准
典型症状为全身乏力、头晕、头痛、咀嚼无力、局部肌肉发紧、扯痛、反射亢进全身肌肉强直性痉挛,阵发性抽搐,抽搐间歇期全身肌肉仍紧张强直,伴有发热,但神志清醒,多因并发症而死亡。
3、治疗方法
选用上述药剂,给患者服用,每次服用1剂,每天早、晚各服1次,7天为一个疗程,连续服用3个疗程。
4、疗效评定标准
显效:破伤风症状消失,体质恢复正常,痊愈;
好转:患者乏力,肌肉痉挛,发热,局部肌肉反射亢进症状减轻,破伤风症状明显好转,体质逐步恢复;
无效:达不到好转标准者。
5、治疗结果(见下表)
在上述治疗中,用本发明药物治疗破伤风患者33例,结果显效26例,显效率为78.79%,好转5例,好转率为15.15%,无效2例,总有效率为93.94%。

Claims (3)

1.一种治疗破伤风的药物,其特征在于:它是由下列重量范围内的原料药制成:
蝉蜕10-20克,金银花10-20克,钩藤5-15克,天麻7-12克,全蝎5-10克,桑叶10-20克,连翘15-25克,天南星5-15克,桂枝5-10克,麦冬5-15克,防风10-20克,羌活5-15克,大黄7-12克,赤芍5-15克,刺蒺藜5-15克,吴茱萸10-15克,滑石5-15克,甘草7-12克,白芷5-15克,川芎5-15克,半夏10-15克,栀子10-20克,苍耳子10-15克,红花5-15克,桃仁5-15克,瓜蒌10-20克,藁本5-15克,黄芩5-10克,地榆10-20克,土荆芥10-15克,马齿苋10-20克,丁香5-8克。
2.根据权利要求1所述的药物,其中各原料药的用量为:
蝉蜕15克,金银花15克,钩藤10克,天麻9克,全蝎8克,桑叶15克,连翘20克,天南星10克,桂枝8克,麦冬10克,防风15克,羌活10克,大黄9克,赤芍10克,刺蒺藜10克,吴茱萸12克,滑石10克,甘草9克,白芷10克,川芎10克,半夏12克,栀子15克,苍耳子12克,红花10克,桃仁10克,瓜蒌15克,藁本10克,黄芩8克,地榆15克,土荆芥12克,马齿苋15克,丁香6克。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述药物的制备方法,它包括下列步骤:
(一)备料
(1)蝉蜕:拣去杂质,洗净晒干;
(2)金银花:筛去泥沙,拣净杂质;
(3)钩藤:拣去老梗、杂质,洗净,晒干;
(4)天麻:将天麻片平铺于喷过水的表芯纸上,置锅内,用文火烧至纸色焦黄,不断将药片翻动至两面老黄色为止;
(5)全蝎:清水漂去盐质,晒干,或微火焙用;
(6)桑叶:拣去杂质,搓碎,簸去梗,筛去泥屑;
(7)连翘:拣净杂质,搓开,除去枝梗;
(8)天南星:拣去杂质,洗净灰屑,晒干;
(9)桂枝:用水稍浸泡,捞出,闷润至透,切片,晾干,筛去屑;
(10)麦冬:拣净杂质,用水浸泡,捞出,润透后抽去心,再洗净晒干;
(11)防风:除去残茎,用水浸泡,捞出,润透切片,晒干;
(12)羌活:拣去杂质,洗净,润透,切片,晾干;
(13)大黄:拣净杂质,大小分档,闷润至内外湿度均匀,切片或切成小块、晒干;
(14)赤芍:取原药材,除去杂质,大小分档,洗净,润透,切薄片,干燥,筛去碎屑;
(15)刺蒺藜:漂去泥沙,除净残留的硬刺;
(16)吴茱萸:取原药材,除去果柄、枝及杂质,筛去碎屑;
(17)滑石:取原药材,除去杂质,洗净,干燥;
(18)甘草:拣去杂质,洗净,用水浸泡至八成透时,捞出,润透切片,晾干;
(19)白芷:拣净杂质,用水洗净,浸泡,捞出润透,略晒至外皮无滑腻感时,再闷润后,切片干燥;
(20)川芎:拣去杂质,分开大、小个,用水浸泡,晒晾,闷润后切片,干燥;
(21)半夏:拣去杂质,筛去灰屑;
(22)栀子:筛去灰屑,拣去杂质,碾碎过筛或剪去两端;
(23)苍耳子:拣尽杂质,去刺,筛去灰屑,微炒至黄色,取出放凉;
(24)红花:拣净杂质,除去茎叶、蒂头,晒干;
(25)桃仁:除去硬壳杂质,置沸水锅中煮至外皮微皱,捞出,浸入凉水中,搓去种皮,晒干,簸净;
(26)瓜蒌:取原药材,除去杂质及果柄,洗净,压扁,切丝或小块,干燥;
(27)藁本:取原药材,除去杂质,大小分档,抢水洗净,润透,切片,晒干;
(28)黄芩:拣去杂质,除去残茎,用凉水浸润或置开水中稍浸捞出,切片,晒干;
(29)地榆:拣去杂质,用水洗净,稍浸泡,润透,切成厚片,晒干;
(30)土荆芥:拣净杂质,用水略泡,捞出切段,晒干;
(31)马齿苋:拣净杂质,除去残根,以水稍润,切段晒干;
(32)丁香:拣去杂质、花梗,筛去灰屑,用时捣碎;
(二)制备
(1)将炮制好的蝉蜕、金银花、钩藤、天麻、全蝎、桑叶、连翘、天南星、桂枝、麦冬、防风、羌活、大黄、赤芍、刺蒺藜、吴茱萸、滑石、甘草、白芷、川芎、半夏、栀子、苍耳子、红花、桃仁、瓜蒌、藁本、黄芩、地榆、土荆芥、马齿苋、丁香放入煎药容器内,其中滑石装布袋加水8倍量,浸泡100分钟后,武火煎煮沸腾,再用文火煎煮20分钟,过滤得第一次煎煮液,将第一次煎煮液倒入容器内;
(2)将过滤的药渣加水6倍量,武火煮沸,再用文火煎煮20分钟,过滤得第二次煎煮液;
(3)将两次煎煮液混合搅拌均匀即得,分为4剂服用。
CN201510945726.7A 2015-12-17 2015-12-17 一种治疗破伤风的药物及其制备方法 Pending CN105343582A (zh)

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