CN105340590A - Single-end bridge joint method for bergamot pear tree with disease - Google Patents
Single-end bridge joint method for bergamot pear tree with disease Download PDFInfo
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- CN105340590A CN105340590A CN201510871883.8A CN201510871883A CN105340590A CN 105340590 A CN105340590 A CN 105340590A CN 201510871883 A CN201510871883 A CN 201510871883A CN 105340590 A CN105340590 A CN 105340590A
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- bridge joint
- grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
Abstract
The invention relates to a single-end bridge joint method for a bergamot pear tree with a disease, and belongs to the field of bridge joint of bergamot pear trees. The method includes the steps of selecting the bridge joint tree; preparing for bridge joint, wherein a wound is treated, scions are collected, and bridge joint time and position are selected; carrying out punching grafting, wherein a wedge-shaped notch is dug out in the grafting position, goes deep into the xylem by 0.5-1 cm, and is as wide as a sprout tiller, the edges are aligned, the portion, higher than the notch by over 5-10 cm, of the sprout tiller is cut out, the end of the sprout tiller is cut into a wedge shape with the smooth and flat surface, is inserted into the notch at the inclined angle of 15-30 degrees and is fixed in an arch mode without shaking; or carrying out embedded grafting, wherein a groove which is 2-3 cm long and is meshed with the sprout tiller in width is cut above a disease scar and goes deep into the xylem by 3-5 mm, and the wedge-shaped cut face of the sprout tiller is embedded in the groove, the joint portion is wrapped closely to be airtight, and wetness is ensured; applying a protective agent, wherein the scions should not be touched; a thin film is removed after curing. The survival rate of the single-end bridge joint technology for the bergamot pear tree reaches 95%, the fruit set rate is increased, the fruit quality and the disease resistance are improved, the survival time is prolonged, and the single-end bridge joint method is suitable for popularization.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to bergamot pear tree disease management field, specifically for the single head bridging method of a kind of disease bergamot pear tree of Kuerle delicious pear.
Background technology
Since 2007, the Kuerle delicious pear industry in Xinjiang is fast-developing, exports 20,000 ~ 30,000 tons every year in recent years, and earns foreign exchange about 3,000 ten thousand dollars every year, product has exported more than 20 countries and regions such as the U.S., Canada, Australia and Southeast Asia, and Kuerle delicious pear has been enjoyed great prestige at home and abroad.
But, in Kuerle delicious pear industry development, there is the problem that natural calamity takes place frequently always.What wherein low temperature freezing-disaster was often produced Kuerle delicious pear causes lethal challenge, and in the spring 2003 Winter Solstice in 2002, Korla City bergamot pear is endured cold seriously, and cause the Kuerle delicious pear underproduction then to reach 40%, economic loss is huge.Heavy snow falls in January, 2008, causes Kuerle delicious pear to be endured cold heavier, and earsh, just fruit phase tree, trees in richful production period skeleton branch, bud all suffer freeze injury in various degree, suffer freeze injury area to reach 20,000 hm
2.The strong synoptic process that year whole city occurred snowfall and significantly lowered the temperature January in late December, 2010 to 2011, whole city bergamot pear tree is subject to serious cold damage, and loss is very serious, the underproduction 78% upper one year.Freeze injury several times causes the large-area bergamot pear tree in many orchards to die, and serious causes the garden of ruining, and causes serious financial consequences to numerous orchard workers.Especially frequently there is winter low temperature freeze injury in South Sinkiang, Xinjiang in recent years, and cause a large amount of bergamot pear to set disaster-stricken, many theatre are incomplete, bergamot pear tree " belly breaking ", and scarce branch is done less, reduces and even lose production capacity.Therefore, bergamot pear freeze injury is one of significant bottleneck factor of restriction bergamot pear healthy and sustainable development.
In addition, bergamot pear tree is often because soil is barren, lack of water is few fertile, sick worm harm, easily there is rot in miscarriages etc., particularly stem sample site and major branch wooden fork mouth place, there is nature breach or freeze injury, wound that insect pest causes, after rotten pathogenic bacteria infects, usually cause bulk bark bleeding, fester necrosis or drying shrinkage, depression be downright bad, cortex is dredged tissue and is cut off, the nutrient conveying of sick scar top and the bottom is obstructed, and the lighter's tree vigo(u)r is weak, when bark necrosis is enclosed around limb one, sick branch or the whole death of sick tree are the diseases of the War Torn on bergamot pear tree.
Due to bergamot pear set wound area that disease scar or freeze injury cause larger time, self callus of bergamot pear tree is relied on to be difficult to recover, current solution is by implementing bridge joint to bergamot pear tree, the conducting tissue at sick scar two ends is linked again, nutrient is dredged, recover tree vigo(u)r, can reduce or retrieve bergamot pear and set because disaster causes dead arm to ruin the loss of tree.
Existing fruit tree bridging technology is less open in the literature, mainly utilizes sick tree sprout tillers or carries out with the scion of seeds, with the method for bridge joint, crossing disease scar and chain bottom, recovers nutrition and dredges; Or use free this branch bar (leaving parent), adopt the mode of two grafting, carry out double end bridge joint, scion two ends are whittled into wedge shape tangent plane, insert in disease scar upper and lower t shaped incision, fix with tingle.Bridging technology is used for the reparation of apple tree, famous and precious ancient wood and southern evergreen fruit tree.
The patent No. be 200910175455 patent document " a kind of many lateral root fruit tree bridging technologies " disclose a kind of method of the single head bridge joint that birch-leaf pear carries out of planting around bergamot pear tree, be in the bergamot pear tree season of growth, in many sides of trunk distance earth's surface 50 ~ 70 centimeters, the successful birchleaf pear rootstock of transplanting carried out to the method for single head bridge joint.The method needs birch-leaf pear seedling of planting, and workload is large, and operating process is too complicated.
Also there is following technological deficiency in prior art:
1, existing bergamot pear tree bridging technology is applied on apple and common bergamot pear tree more, lack the bridging technology data for Kuerle delicious pear, in bergamot pear produces, orchard worker does not have suitable technical parameter when using bridging technology, cause, owing to operating nonstandard, parameter not science, causing bridge joint survival rate low.
2, existing bergamot pear tree bridging technology is when being applied to bergamot pear tree, and need birch-leaf pear seedling of planting, needed at least 1 ~ 2 years, workload is large, and operating process is too complicated.
When 3, implementing bridge joint, the natural tension force of scion affects interface healing and survives, and existing bergamot pear tree bridging technology fixes at interface position nail tingle, then tighten sternly with plastic tape, existence tingle is fixing not easy to operate, and tingle damages wound to scion, affects the problem of interface healing effect.
In sum, in the urgent need to a set of bridging method being applicable to bergamot pear tree, by the problems referred to above solving existing bridging technology and exist, there is to solve bergamot pear tree the problem that freeze injury and rot cause heavy losses in the development of bergamot pear industry.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to above shortcomings and defect in existing bergamot pear tree production technology, by research and practice repeatedly, explore the operating process of specification, optimize associated technical parameters, obtain the single head bridging method of a kind of disease bergamot pear tree being applicable to Kuerle delicious pear.
technical scheme provided by the invention is:
A single head bridging method for disease bergamot pear tree, comprises the steps:
(1) bridge joint object is selected: select trunk to exceed dry week more than 1/3 apart from the area of the wounds such as the downright bad place of the ill scar within the 150cm height of ground, frostbite place, machinery or natural breach, and base portion (i.e. birchleaf pear rootstock) grows or grows the sick and wounded bergamot pear tree that sprout tillers does not still reach grafting requirement without sprout tillers, as bridge joint object;
(2) bridge joint preparation:
(a) process sick tree wound: carry out the downright bad skin excising wound, scraping, smear the process of humic acids bactericide, this step implements more than 1 time every year;
B () cultivates bridge joint sprout tillers: sprout tillers length is grown to grafting part and exceeded wound height, and grafting part diameter reaches 0.5cm ~ 1cm, carries out bridge joint as scion;
C () selects bridging time: before the movable and cortex of the resin in spring then selecting bergamot pear tree wound to produce is bloomed to bergamot pear separable period;
D () selects graft position: select the healthy bark place of wound upper limb as on transfer interface position, select wound bottom, just to the healthy bark place of the birchleaf pear rootstock of above transferring interface position as marrying interface position;
(3) grafting operation is implemented: use sharp cutter appliance operation, require that incision is smooth, whole grafting operation process control completed within 10 minutes, and step is:
A () adopts perforating type grafting grafting (grafting is done at the center of being used for): on the dry graft position chosen in center, dig out the wedged interface tiltedly, deeply reach xylem 0.5cm ~ 1cm, length 2.0cm ~ 2.5cm, width and sprout tillers interface coincide, and limit mouth bark trims, sprout tillers is slightly longer than interface to be about 5cm ~ 10cm and to ream, cutting mouth cuts together, and end is whittled into corresponding wedge shape, inserts interface with 15 ° ~ 30 °, corner, scion is arcuately fixed, does not rock;
Or
Adopt embedded grafting (being used for major branch grafting): on the sick scar top of major branch, select to be applicable to position that sprout tillers reclines, major branch side, bark is whittled into rectangle cutting, width is equal to scion diameter, length 2.0cm ~ 3.0cm, and xylem 3mm ~ 5mm is goed deep in cutting, embed the sprout tillers of prune corresponding site bark and part xylem, if sprout tillers top also can utilize, do not clip, if useless, then clip after interface healing;
B interface plastic film is wound around Bao Yanzhi by () airtight, keeps interface moistening, does not make scion displacement or interface dislocation during stretch wrap film;
(4) spray at interface the protectant preventing disease worm from endangering after bridge joint, take conventional safety measure, prevent touching from causing scion displacement or interface dislocation;
(5) plastic film of grafting is removed after interface healing;
Step (3) ~ step (5) is implemented 1 time or repeatedly circulates stage by stage enforcement in order.
The birch-leaf pear sprout tillers that the present invention uses bergamot pear to set and base portion (birchleaf pear rootstock) grows implements single head bridge joint as scion, to set affinity strong with bergamot pear, no resistance reacts, and the method current in current bergamot pear standards system of growth potential, adaptability, strong stress resistance cultivates the bergamot pear tree got up.
During grafting operation, interface cuts a hole into the wedge shape going deep into xylem, makes scion archwise insert interface, not only can fix scion, clear up tension force, and scion and stock combine closely like this, and contact surface is large, is beneficial to interface healing, and the bridge joint success rate of bergamot pear tree is high.
The present invention can carry out according to the actual conditions of bergamot pear tree generation disease throughout the year.
the optimization that the single head bridging method that a kind of disease bergamot pear of the present invention is set also comprises is or/and improvement has:
One of preferred version, in described step (2) (c) select bridging time be annual spring resin movable and cortex is separable time interim pears bud to sprout expanding stage.
Preferred version two, in described step (2), (a) implements 2 ~ 5 times every year.
Preferred version three, after described step (5) completes, carries out step (6): fixing scion is to prevent wind or touched damage interface healing part.
Preferred version four: after the step (6) of preferred version three completes, carry out step (7): if scion survives, then remove the sprout tillers of scion periphery.
the beneficial effect implementing technical solution of the present invention is:
1, bergamot pear tree survival rate is high.Because inclined-plane is smooth, make its long inclined-plane easily be adjacent to trunk, the formation layer on scion inclined-plane formation layer that is easy and dry hide is close to, and the Callus formation position of interface is many, and the survival rate making bergamot pear set bridge joint significantly improves, and can reach more than 95%.
2, bergamot pear setting ratio and nutrient quality and resistance against diseases improve.Bridging technology of the present invention can enable scion and this tree of bergamot pear quickly-healing interface, the nutrient of root supply increases, and connect bar and increase thick fast, tree vigo(u)r recovers rapidly, thus improve setting ratio and the nutrient quality of bergamot pear tree, bergamot pear tree resistance against diseases can also be strengthened and lengthen the survival time limit.
3, the present invention is easy to learn, easily operates.The orchard of counterweight calamity, achieves the target of rebuilding theatre, rescuing tree one life.
4, specification bergamot pear tree bridging technology.The present invention specify that operating process and the technical requirement of bergamot pear tree single head bridging technology first, defines the bergamot pear tree bridging technology of specification, can apply at bergamot pear producing region, Xinjiang popularity.
In bergamot pear garden, Korla City Ku Erchu garden spot three branch, the present inventor implements the demonstration of bergamot pear bridging technology, and the production practices through 7 years are verified result, and average annual per unit area yield increases by 15%, and rot alleviates, and no longer serious cold damage occurs.
Technical scheme of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment
For making those skilled in the art understand technical scheme of the present invention better, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1: the single head bridging method of a kind of disease bergamot pear tree, comprises the steps:
(1) bridge joint object is selected: select trunk to exceed dry week more than 1/3 apart from the area of the wounds such as the downright bad place of the ill scar within the 150cm height of ground, frostbite place, machinery or natural breach, and base portion (i.e. birchleaf pear rootstock) grows or grows the sick and wounded bergamot pear tree that sprout tillers does not still reach grafting requirement without sprout tillers, as bridge joint object;
(2) bridge joint preparation:
(a) process sick tree wound: carry out the downright bad skin excising wound, scraping, smear the process of humic acids bactericide, this step implements more than 1 ~ 3 time every year;
B () cultivates bridge joint sprout tillers: sprout tillers length is grown to grafting part and exceeded wound height, and grafting part diameter reaches 0.5cm ~ 1cm, carries out bridge joint as scion;
C () selects bridging time: before the movable and cortex of the resin in spring then selecting bergamot pear tree wound to produce is bloomed to bergamot pear separable period;
D () selects graft position: select the healthy bark place of wound upper limb as on transfer interface position, select wound bottom, just to the healthy bark place of the birchleaf pear rootstock of above transferring interface position as marrying interface position;
(3) grafting operation is implemented: use sharp cutter appliance operation, require that incision is smooth, whole grafting operation process control completed within 10 minutes, and step is:
A () adopts perforating type grafting grafting (grafting is done at the center of being used for): on the dry graft position chosen in center, dig out the wedged interface tiltedly, deeply reach xylem 0.5cm ~ 1cm, length 2.0cm ~ 2.5cm, width and sprout tillers interface coincide, and limit mouth bark trims, sprout tillers is slightly longer than interface to be about 5cm ~ 10cm and to ream, cutting mouth cuts together, and end is whittled into corresponding wedge shape, inserts interface with 15 ° ~ 30 °, corner, scion is arcuately fixed, does not rock;
Or
Adopt embedded grafting (being used for major branch grafting): on the sick scar top of major branch, select to be applicable to position that sprout tillers reclines, major branch side, bark is whittled into rectangle cutting, width is equal to scion diameter, length 2.0cm ~ 3.0cm, and xylem 3mm ~ 5mm is goed deep in cutting, embed the sprout tillers of prune corresponding site bark and part xylem, if sprout tillers top also can utilize, do not clip, if useless, then clip after interface healing;
B interface plastic film is wound around Bao Yanzhi by () airtight, keeps interface moistening, does not make scion displacement or interface dislocation during stretch wrap film;
(4) spray at interface the protectant preventing disease worm from endangering after bridge joint, take conventional safety measure, prevent touching from causing scion displacement or interface dislocation;
(5) plastic film of grafting is removed after interface healing;
Step (3) ~ step (5) is implemented 1 time or repeatedly circulates stage by stage enforcement in order.
Because the conventional safety measure of taking in the present invention is known technology, those of ordinary skill in the art does not need creative work just can realize voluntarily in conjunction with actual conditions.
In the present embodiment, the survival rate of bergamot pear tree bridge joint significantly improves and reaches 95%, receives favorable comment and the active response of bergamot pear orchard worker.
Embodiment 2: below in conjunction with embodiment 1 to optimization provided by the invention or/and improve be further described:
For the disease bergamot pear tree that wound on trunk is serious, in step (2), (a) implements 3 ~ 5 times then, guarantees that the wound state of an illness thoroughly controls;
In implementation step (2), (b) turns out 2 ~ 3 satisfactory sprout tillers, and the circulation enforcement 2 ~ 3 times in order of corresponding step (3) ~ step (5), to complete the single head grafting of sprout tillers.
In step (2) (c) select bridging time be annual spring resin movable and cortex is separable time interim pears bud to sprout expanding stage.
After step (5) completes, carry out step (6): fixing scion is to prevent wind or touched damage interface healing part.
After step (6) completes, carry out step (7): if scion survives, then remove the sprout tillers of scion periphery.
The present embodiment is mainly used in the more serious bergamot pear orchard of disease, and the survival rate of bergamot pear tree bridge joint significantly improves and reaches 98%, has saved a batch weight calamity orchard, has received the positive appreciation of bergamot pear orchard workers.
Be understandable that, the illustrative embodiments that above embodiment is only used to principle of the present invention is described and adopts, but the present invention is not limited thereto, can determine concrete embodiment according to technical scheme of the present invention and actual conditions.For those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and substance in the present invention, can make various modification and improvement, these modification and the improvement of increase are also considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a single head bridging method for disease bergamot pear tree, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
(1) bridge joint object is selected: select trunk to exceed dry week more than 1/3 apart from the area of the wounds such as the downright bad place of the ill scar within the 150cm height of ground, frostbite place, machinery or natural breach, and base portion (i.e. birchleaf pear rootstock) grows or grows the sick and wounded bergamot pear tree that sprout tillers does not still reach grafting requirement without sprout tillers, as bridge joint object;
(2) bridge joint preparation:
(a) process sick tree wound: carry out the downright bad skin excising wound, scraping, smear the process of humic acids bactericide, this step implements more than 1 time every year;
B () cultivates bridge joint sprout tillers: sprout tillers length is grown to grafting part and exceeded wound height, and grafting part diameter reaches 0.5cm ~ 1cm, carries out bridge joint as scion;
C () selects bridging time: before the movable and cortex of the resin in spring then selecting bergamot pear tree wound to produce is bloomed to bergamot pear separable period;
D () selects graft position: select the healthy bark place of wound upper limb as on transfer interface position, select wound bottom, just to the healthy bark place of the birchleaf pear rootstock of above transferring interface position as marrying interface position;
(3) grafting operation is implemented: use sharp cutter appliance operation, require that incision is smooth, whole grafting operation process control completed within 10 minutes, and step is:
A () adopts perforating type grafting grafting (grafting is done at the center of being used for): on the dry graft position chosen in center, dig out the wedged interface tiltedly, deeply reach xylem 0.5cm ~ 1cm, length 2.0cm ~ 2.5cm, width and sprout tillers interface coincide, and limit mouth bark trims, sprout tillers is slightly longer than interface to be about 5cm ~ 10cm and to ream, cutting mouth cuts together, and end is whittled into corresponding wedge shape, inserts interface with 15 ° ~ 30 °, corner, scion is arcuately fixed, does not rock;
Or
Adopt embedded grafting (being used for major branch grafting): on the sick scar top of major branch, select to be applicable to position that sprout tillers reclines, major branch side, bark is whittled into rectangle cutting, width is equal to scion diameter, length 2.0cm ~ 3.0cm, and xylem 3mm ~ 5mm is goed deep in cutting, embed the sprout tillers of prune corresponding site bark and part xylem, if sprout tillers top also can utilize, do not clip, if useless, then clip after interface healing;
B interface plastic film is wound around Bao Yanzhi by () airtight, keeps interface moistening, does not make scion displacement or interface dislocation during stretch wrap film;
(4) spray at interface the protectant preventing disease worm from endangering after bridge joint, take conventional safety measure, prevent touching from causing scion displacement or interface dislocation;
(5) plastic film of grafting is removed after interface healing;
Step (3) ~ step (5) is implemented 1 time or repeatedly circulates stage by stage enforcement in order.
2. the single head bridging method of a kind of disease bergamot pear tree according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step step (2) (c) select bridging time be annual spring resin movable and cortex is separable time interim pears bud to sprout expanding stage.
3. the single head bridging method of a kind of disease bergamot pear tree according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step step (2), (a) implements 2 ~ 5 times every year.
4. the single head bridging method of a kind of disease bergamot pear tree according to claim 1, is characterized in that: after described step (5) completes, carries out step (6): fixing scion is to prevent wind or touched damage interface healing part.
5. the single head bridging method of a kind of disease bergamot pear tree according to claim 4, is characterized in that: after described step (6) completes, carries out step (7): if scion survives, then remove the sprout tillers of scion periphery.
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| CN105766392A (en) * | 2016-04-11 | 2016-07-20 | 新疆拓普农业股份有限公司 | Approaching grafting type double-end bridge grafting method of diseased bergamot pear tree |
| CN108781821A (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2018-11-13 | 迁西县五为生物科技有限公司 | Fruit tree disease, the method for residual limb are repaired using the branch sprouted on limb |
| CN111108934A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-05-08 | 毕巧玲 | Grafting repair method for diseased persimmon trees |
| CN111557203A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-08-21 | 新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州农业科学研究院 | Method for treating and curing pear trees suffering from apple branch blight |
| CN113924872A (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2022-01-14 | 周军 | Orange bridging grafting technology |
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| CN108781821A (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2018-11-13 | 迁西县五为生物科技有限公司 | Fruit tree disease, the method for residual limb are repaired using the branch sprouted on limb |
| CN111108934A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-05-08 | 毕巧玲 | Grafting repair method for diseased persimmon trees |
| CN111557203A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-08-21 | 新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州农业科学研究院 | Method for treating and curing pear trees suffering from apple branch blight |
| CN113924872A (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2022-01-14 | 周军 | Orange bridging grafting technology |
| CN114158379A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-11 | 新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所 | Method for quickly repairing frostbite of adult tree-age fruit trees of Xinjiang prune |
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