CN104719002A - Method for grafting phyllanthus emblica in winter - Google Patents
Method for grafting phyllanthus emblica in winter Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a method for grafting phyllanthus emblica in winter. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining a tree stock; obtaining a scion; getting the tree stock and the scion to be jointed and bound with film; maintaining the temperature of the joint position between the tree stock and the scion within a range from 25 DEG C to 30 DEG C. By means of the method, an expected effect for conducting phyllanthus emblica grafting testing in October, November and December can be achieved, it is enabled to be possible that the phyllanthus emblica is grafted in winter, and the grafting survival rate is close to that in a normal season.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural technology field, particularly the grafting method in winter of emblic.
Background technology
Emblic (phyllansthus emblica) is Euphorbiaceae Leafflower dungarunga, and popular name olive, Yunnan olive etc., originate from the torrid areas of the southeast, Asia.Emblic distribution covers 70 ° ~ 122 ° E, the vast region of 1 ° ~ 29 ° of N, and from the Himalayas to Sri Lanka, the Strait of Malacca, and there is distribution the tropical and subtropical region of SOUTHERN CHINA.Yunnan Province's wild emblic resource is very abundant, other grow compared with area with the whole nation, there is distribution height above sea level relatively high, the features such as distribution area is large, mainly be distributed in the dry-hot valley region, part section of the five large water systems such as Jinsha jiang River inside the province, the Lancang River, Nujiang, Yuanjiang River, Nanpanjiang River, be in Subtropical Evergreen Broad-leaf Forest and the torrid zone uncommon tree grassland ecological of (on the south 27 ° of 40 ' N) on the south Hengduan mountain range.Due to unique geographical climate environment of Hengduan mountain range, have accumulated the genetic diversity that emblic is abundant, wild resource is quite abundant.Dry-hot valley light, thermal resource are abundant, and in recent years, this region has become the focus of Land Resources Exploitation and investment, and due to large-scale land development, wild emblic resource is subject to serious destruction, even becomes extinct.Therefore, the collection of emblic resource, protection work seem quite important.
And the emblic maturing stage mainly concentrates on January in late October to next year, concentrate on winter, collect seminal propagation and preserve comparatively simple, but it is comparatively slow to there is growth rate, and being separated may appear in genetic character, cannot keep the shortcomings such as the original proterties of resource very well.At present grafting emblic cannot grafting survival in the winter time, and survival rate is 0.Therefore, a kind of emblic grafting method in winter is provided to have important practical significance.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the invention provides the grafting method in winter of emblic.The method adopts that human assistance heats, Insulation 10,11, carry out emblic Grafting Experiment and produce a desired effect December, make emblic grafting in winter become possibility, graft survival rate is close to the survival rate in normal season.
In order to realize foregoing invention object, the invention provides following technical scheme:
The invention provides a kind of grafting method in winter of emblic, comprise the steps:
Step a: obtain stock;
Step b: obtain scion;
Step c: get described stock and engage with described scion, tie up film;
The temperature of the junction of described stock and described scion is 25 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C.
Adopt vegetative propagation can complete preservation resource proterties, at this, we mainly take grafting method and carry out preservations research to emblic resource, and affect for grafting in winter the restraining factors survived more, mainly temperature is on surviving the impact caused.This research adopts that human assistance heats, Insulation 10,11, December carries out emblic Grafting Experiment and produces a desired effect.
In specific embodiments more of the present invention, the humidity of the junction of described stock and described scion is 65% ~ 70%.
In specific embodiments more of the present invention, the method obtaining stock described in step a is specially apart from the sawed-off stock trunk in 50cm place, ground, scabbles saw kerf, in the incision of stock central vertical, obtains otch.
In specific embodiments more of the present invention, the notch depth of described stock is 4cm ~ 5cm.
In specific embodiments more of the present invention, the method obtaining scion described in step b is specially and is whittled into wedge shape in eye 3cm place bottom in distance.
In specific embodiments more of the present invention, two scarf shapes of described wedge shape are identical.
In specific embodiments more of the present invention, the notch depth of described scion is 3cm ~ 4cm.
In specific embodiments more of the present invention, the formation layer of otch engaged as described stock described in step c engages with the formation layer of the otch of described scion.
In specific embodiments more of the present invention, tying up film described in step c is tie up film from lower to upper at 2 ~ 3cm place, lower end, junction of described stock and described scion, and film 4 ~ 5 layers is tied up in the junction of described stock and described scion, and film 2 layers is tied up in described scion.
In specific embodiments more of the present invention, the step of managing after grafting is also comprised after tying up film described in step c, described managing after grafting is that after grafting, 38 ~ 42d opens film, to erase the twig that stock germinates, afterwards every 15 ~ 20d bud picking once, water before taking off film 1 ~ 2 time depending on soil water regime, monthly temperature reached 23 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C and took off film next year.
Concrete, the grafting method in winter of a kind of emblic provided by the invention, adopts cleft graft.Method and step are: a. splits stock: apart from the sawed-off stock trunk in 50cm place, ground on selected stock, scabble saw kerf with grafting knife, with partial application under grafting knife aligning stock central vertical, and dark 4 ~ 5cm.B. scion is cut: be whittled into the identical wedge shape in two sides in eye 3cm place bottom in distance, long incision 3 ~ 4cm, otch is open and flat.C. engage: after anvil fringe cuts, scion lower end angular cut is aimed at and forms layer reeve stock otch (having at least anvil fringe on one side to form layer closely to engage), firmly compacting scion, or lightly scion is driven in stock otch with the knife back, allows the closely closing mutually of anvil fringe.D. film is tied up: scion puts rear left hand well by tight anvil fringe joint, and film is tied up from lower to upper by 2 ~ 3cm place in interface lower end, and interface ties up film 4 ~ 5 layers, and film 2 layers is tied up in scion.After grafting, 38 ~ 42d opens film, to erase the twig that stock germinates, once every 15`20d bud picking, water 1 ~ 2 time depending on soil water regime before taking off film, rear (Yunnan dry hot gas is in mid or late Febuary) the monthly temperature of temperature rise in next year reaches 23 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C and takes off film later.
The present invention adopts the complete preservation resource proterties of vegetative propagation energy, mainly takes grafting method and carries out preservation research to emblic resource.Affect for grafting in winter the restraining factors survived more, mainly temperature is on surviving the impact caused.The invention provides a kind of grafting method in winter of emblic, comprise the steps: to obtain stock; Obtain scion; Get described stock to engage with described scion, tie up film; The temperature of the junction of described stock and described scion is 25 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C.This research adopts that human assistance heats, Insulation 10,11, carry out emblic Grafting Experiment and produce a desired effect December, make emblic grafting in winter become possibility, graft survival rate is close to the survival rate in normal season.Different grafting time survival rate produces significant difference, and 10 month mean temperature of air are 22.3 DEG C, higher than year samming 0.4 DEG C, and graft survival rate is higher is 80%, higher by 46.7% than contrast; Start November to enter winter, temperature obviously declines, and monthly mean temperature is 19.7 DEG C, and lower than year samming 2.2 DEG C, than 10, samming is low 2.6 DEG C month in and month out, and graft survival rate is 53.3%, higher by 40% than contrast; The more obvious decline than October; December enters the severe winter, and be the Yuanmou the coldest moon, monthly mean temperature is 15.1 DEG C, lower than average annual temperature 6.8 DEG C, and graft survival rate is minimum is 33.3%, higher by 33.3% than contrast.Analysis result illustrate, temperature is the principal element affecting graft survival rate, and along with the reduction of temperature, graft survival rate declines rapidly, monthly mean temperature lower than when 15.1 DEG C in the open grafting emblic survival rate be 0.In dry-hot valley of Jinshajiang River, the change of 10-12 month relative air humidity is little, and substantially identical in the shed humidity closed, little on graft survival rate impact.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, be briefly described to the accompanying drawing used required in embodiment or description of the prior art below.
Fig. 1 shows different time graft survival rate variation diagram in shed;
Fig. 2 shows contrast different time graft survival rate variation diagram.
Embodiment
The invention discloses the grafting method in winter of emblic, those skilled in the art can use for reference present disclosure, and suitable improving technique parameter realizes.Special needs to be pointed out is, all similar replacements and change apparent to those skilled in the art, they are all deemed to be included in the present invention.Method of the present invention and application are described by preferred embodiment, related personnel obviously can not depart from content of the present invention, spirit and scope methods and applications as herein described are changed or suitably change with combination, realize and apply the technology of the present invention.
The winter of emblic provided by the invention is raw materials used in grafting method all can have market to buy.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, set forth the present invention further:
Embodiment 1
1.1 experimental field natural conditions
Experimental field be positioned at hot-zone, academy of agricultural sciences of Yunnan Province, Yuanmou County Yuan Ma town, dry-hot valley of Jinshajiang River ecological agriculture research institute emblic, tamarind Germplasm Resources, belong to typical xeothermic monsoon climate, height above sea level 1100m, dry hot short of rain, average temperature of the whole year 21.9 DEG C, thermal extremes 42 DEG C, extreme low temperature-0.1 DEG C; Year sunshine duration 2670.4h; Average annual rainfall 616.7mm, year evaporation discharge be 6.4 times of rainfall, annual relative moisture 53.0%; It is experimental field tableland, gentle slope.The wild emblic distribution of this region is wide, area is large, genetic diversity enriches, one of best region be the collection of emblic resource, preserve, studied.
1.2 Root-stock selection
In emblic, tamarind Germplasm Resources, selective light is according to sufficient, the plot of ventilation and penetrating light, the emblic of the artificial planting of life in 2 years as stock, growth selection gesture by force, be stock without the plant of growing directly from seeds of damage by disease and insect, stock seeding row spacing is 3 × 3m.
Stock process before 1.3 graftings
Wipe out all branches before grafting, trunk height 50cm place truncation, every strain stock stays 1 ~ 2 head grafting, and grafting is a few days ago poured water 1 time, thoroughly removes the weeds around stock.
1.4 scion are selected
Select the large fruit emblic branch cultivated in field gene bank as scion, as scion branch should healthy and strong, leaf bud is full, without damage by disease and insect.
1.5 experimental scheme
Respectively on October 15th, 2012, November 15, December 15 three different times carry out grafting, adopt cleft graft, each grafting 15, after grafting completes, spray insect protected medicine once, insect such as prevention ant etc. gnaws brokenly grafting membrane, and builds small plastic respectively in time and heat, be incubated Small plastic shed, shed height 80cm, diameter 80cm, the surrounding real film of soil pressure.Contrast one group is established in each grafting, and insulation, moisturizing Small plastic shed are not built in contrast, i.e. directly grafting in the open.Open film after 40d to erase the twig that stock germinates, once every 20d bud picking later.Next year, spring temperature opened film investigation graft survival rate after ging up, and survival rate calculates by transferring piece-ups.
1.5 grafting method
Grafting emblic cannot grafting survival in the winter time to utilize prior art, and survival rate is 0, and survival rate is extremely low.The maximum difference of technology of the present invention and original graft technology be to increase heat up, be incubated, moist keeping measures, the temperature (25-30 DEG C) making scion and stock joint portion (subenvironment) temperature reach Callus formation and sprouting to sprout, in subenvironment, relative moisture reaches about 65%-70%; Maximum effect makes to become possibility, and graft survival rate is close to the survival rate in normal season.
Adopt cleft graft.Method and step are: a. splits stock: apart from the sawed-off stock trunk in 50cm place, ground on selected stock, scabble saw kerf with grafting knife, with partial application under grafting knife aligning stock central vertical, and dark 4 ~ 5cm.B. scion is cut: be whittled into the identical wedge shape in two sides in eye 3cm place bottom in distance, long incision 3 ~ 4cm, otch is open and flat.C. engage: after anvil fringe cuts, scion lower end angular cut is aimed at and forms layer reeve stock otch (having at least anvil fringe on one side to form layer closely to engage), firmly compacting scion, or lightly scion is driven in stock otch with the knife back, allows the closely closing mutually of anvil fringe.D. film is tied up: scion puts rear left hand well by tight anvil fringe joint, and film is tied up from lower to upper by 2 ~ 3cm place in interface lower end, and interface ties up film 4 ~ 5 layers, and film 2 layers is tied up in scion.
1.7 build heat, be incubated, moisturizing Small plastic shed
After grafting completes, the anti-ant repellent of timely sprinkling once, then builds Small plastic shed, shed height 80cm, diameter 80cm, the surrounding real film of soil pressure.The temperature of the junction of described stock and described scion is 25 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C.
1.8 connect rear management
After grafting, 38 ~ 42d opens film, the twig that stock of erasing germinates, and, waters 1 ~ 2 time depending on soil water regime before taking off film later once every 15 ~ 20d bud, and temperature rise in next year rear (Yunnan dry hot gas is in mid or late Febuary) takes off film.
Control group grafting method: contrast do not increase heat, be incubated, moisturizing facility, under field conditions (factors) grafting, grafting step and method is with 1.5.
2 results and analysis
2.1 survival rate investigation
Investigation on February 20th, 2013 graft survival rate, in shed, grafting survival situation is in table 1, and outdoor grafting (contrast) survives situation in table 2.
Graft survival rate application form in table 1 Small plastic shed
Table 2 contrasts graft survival rate application form
From analysis of survey results, different grafting time survival rate produces significant difference, and October, monthly mean temperature was 22.3 DEG C, higher than year samming 0.4 DEG C, graft survival rate is higher is 80%, higher by 46.7% than contrast, has significant difference (P < 0.05); Start November to enter winter, temperature obviously declines, and monthly mean temperature is 19.7 DEG C, lower than year samming 2.2 DEG C, than 10, samming is low 2.6 DEG C month in and month out, and graft survival rate is 53.3%, higher by 40% than contrast, there is significant difference (P < 0.05); The more obvious decline than October; December enters the severe winter, and be the Yuanmou the coldest moon, monthly mean temperature is 15.1 DEG C, lower than average annual temperature 6.8 DEG C, and graft survival rate is minimum is 33.3%, higher by 33.3% than contrast, has significant difference (P < 0.05).Analysis result illustrate, temperature is the principal element affecting graft survival rate, and along with the reduction of temperature, graft survival rate declines rapidly, monthly mean temperature lower than when 15.1 DEG C in the open grafting emblic survival rate be 0.In dry-hot valley of Jinshajiang River, 10-12 month relative air humidity change little (see table 3), and substantially identical in the shed humidity closed, little on graft survival rate impact.
Table 3 10-12 month temperature in 2012 and relative air humidity table
Test proves, increases that Small plastic shed heats, after lagging facility, the survival rate of grafting in winter emblic obviously rises, and is up to 80% especially in early winter (October) survival rate, along with the motility rate that is declined to become of temperature obviously declines.Emblic grafting in winter Production of Large Fields cost increases, survival rate is low, generally do not advocate, but have important practical significance in the collection of emblic germ plasm resource, preservation, research, the maturing stage of emblic in the winter time, the collection of emblic resource is in the past all based on seed, but seminal propagation exists the possibility that hereditary characters of progenies is separated, and some superior phenes may be lost.And the success of emblic grafting in winter, directly can gather scion in emblic resource collection process from now on, adopt propagation by grafiting one to be to make the genetic character of emblic resource be able to complete preservation, two is the cycles that can shorten the Study on Resources.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a grafting method in winter for emblic, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
Step a: obtain stock;
Step b: obtain scion;
Step c: get described stock and engage with described scion, tie up film;
The temperature of the junction of described stock and described scion is 25 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C.
2. the grafting method in winter of emblic according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the humidity of the junction of described stock and described scion is 65% ~ 70%.
3. the grafting method in winter of emblic according to claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, the method obtaining stock described in step a is specially apart from the sawed-off stock trunk in 50cm place, ground, scabbles saw kerf, in the incision of stock central vertical, obtains otch.
4. the grafting method in winter of emblic according to any one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterized in that, the notch depth of described stock is 4cm ~ 5cm.
5. the grafting method in winter of emblic according to any one of Claims 1-4, is characterized in that, the method obtaining scion described in step b is specially and is being whittled into wedge shape apart from eye 3cm place bottom.
6. the grafting method in winter of emblic according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, two scarf shapes of described wedge shape are identical.
7. the grafting method in winter of emblic according to any one of claim 1 to 6, it is characterized in that, the notch depth of described scion is 3cm ~ 4cm.
8. the grafting method in winter of emblic according to any one of claim 1 to 7, is characterized in that, the formation layer of otch engaged as described stock described in step c engages with the formation layer of the otch of described scion.
9. the grafting method in winter of emblic according to any one of claim 1 to 8, it is characterized in that, tying up film described in step c is tie up film from lower to upper at 2 ~ 3cm place, lower end, junction of described stock and described scion, film 4 ~ 5 layers is tied up in the junction of described stock and described scion, and film 2 layers is tied up in described scion.
10. the grafting method in winter of emblic according to any one of claim 1 to 9, it is characterized in that, the step of managing after grafting is also comprised after tying up film described in step c, described managing after grafting is that after grafting, 38-42d opens film, to erase the twig that stock germinates, afterwards every 15 ~ 20d bud picking once, water 1 ~ 2 time depending on soil water regime before taking off film, monthly temperature reached 23 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C and took off film next year.
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| CN105284432A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-02-03 | 宾川佳泓园艺有限责任公司 | Grafting method for phyllanthus emblica |
| CN105706818A (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2016-06-29 | 唐金刚 | Cultivation method for emblic leafflower number one |
| CN106034891A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-10-26 | 象州县科学技术局 | Large-fruit phyllanthus emblica cultivation method |
| CN110326438A (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2019-10-15 | 云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所 | A method of improving Dry-hot Valley Area emblic sapling grafting survival rate |
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| CN105706818A (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2016-06-29 | 唐金刚 | Cultivation method for emblic leafflower number one |
| CN106034891A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-10-26 | 象州县科学技术局 | Large-fruit phyllanthus emblica cultivation method |
| CN110326438A (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2019-10-15 | 云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所 | A method of improving Dry-hot Valley Area emblic sapling grafting survival rate |
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