CN110326438A - A method of improving Dry-hot Valley Area emblic sapling grafting survival rate - Google Patents
A method of improving Dry-hot Valley Area emblic sapling grafting survival rate Download PDFInfo
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- CN110326438A CN110326438A CN201910557158.1A CN201910557158A CN110326438A CN 110326438 A CN110326438 A CN 110326438A CN 201910557158 A CN201910557158 A CN 201910557158A CN 110326438 A CN110326438 A CN 110326438A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
- A01G2/35—Cutting; Inserting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N47/18—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, directly attached to a heterocyclic or cycloaliphatic ring
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N61/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for improving Dry-hot Valley Area emblic sapling grafting survival rate, which specifically comprises the following steps: (1) grafting time；(2) stock and scion are chosen；(3) scion is handled；(4) it grafts；(5) it is managed after bud connects.The Best Times and stock form, preferably scion and embedding treatment of sealing with wax, preferably open-piece type bud connection technology and managing after grafting four processes that the present invention is connect by preferred bud effectively improve emblic sapling grafting survival rate.By utilizing sapling grafting method disclosed by the invention, not only final-period management is simple, improves disease and insect resistance, and emblic seedling bud take >=95%, is highly suitable for the emblic sapling grafting of the climatic provinces such as the dry-hot valley of heat and drought condition.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of plant growing technology, more particularly to a kind of raising Dry-hot Valley Area emblic
The method of sapling grafting survival rate.
Background technique
Dry-hot valley is a kind of unique ecosystem of Southwestern China, unique topography and geomorphology and monsoon, foehn etc. because
Element carries out the sufficient sunlight-heat reaources of characteristic farming Operational preparation for the region.Meanwhile these factors also create regional drought
The ecological problem of short of rain, soil and vegetation degeneration.According to statistics, its average annual rainfall of dry-hot valley is 667mm, dry and wet season point
Bright, rainfall concentrates on for 6~October, and period of drought continues from October to May in next year, and evaporation capacity reaches 3.4~6.0 times of rainfall,
Dry K value 1.5~2.8, therefore, Dry-hot Valley Area has arid and the typical climatic elements of high temperature.
Emblic is commonly called as Yunnan olive, is one of five medicinal and edible plants that FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation) announces, wild species
Source is distributed in the arid and semi-arid broad area centered on Yunnan, is not only the representative characteristic resources plant of Southwestern China,
Or one of the characteristic integration of drinking and medicinal herbs resource that Yunnan " the big health of biological medicine " industrial emphases are helped.Currently, emblic is as medicine
Homologous special crop is eaten to plant extensively on Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Fujian and other places.
It is the ecologically fragile areas such as dry-hot valley although emblic has the characteristics that degeneration-resistant drought resisting, anti-Strong oxdiative, impoverishment tolerant
The excellent characteristic Native species of domain revegetation and water and soil conservation Non-commercial forest construction.But due to using dry-hot valley as the life of representative
State vulnerable areas drought and water shortage, strong light are hot, and the 3-4 month of emblic grafting best opportunity is on the occasion of the extreme drought of dry-hot valley
High temperature time, traditional engrafting method not can guarantee humidity required when emblic sapling grafting, anti-without corresponding pest and disease damage
Means and adult plants complex management are controlled, therefore traditional engrafting method makes Dry-hot Valley Area emblic sapling grafting survival rate
It is low, it limits the preservation of excellent emblic germ plasm resource, expand numerous and production.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a kind of methods for improving Dry-hot Valley Area emblic sapling grafting survival rate.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The present invention provides a kind of engrafting methods of Dry-hot Valley Area emblic seedling, characterized in that including following step
It is rapid:
(1) grafting time: select grafted the mid-March~mid-April in spring；
(2) choose stock and scion: scion uses the bearing basal shoot strain bud of excellent emblic kind, and stock selects emblic
Seedling；
(3) scion: the scion obtained with scion treatment fluid soaking step (2) is handled, takes out and dries after 10~20min of immersion
And embedding of sealing with wax；
(4) it grafts: the seal with wax scion of embedding of stock and step (3) that step (2) obtains is handled and engages to obtain emblic
Sub- bud connects；
(5) manage after bud connects: emblic bud connects sprays insect-proof agent for latter 5-30 days in time, while checking in time, to no shape
It at the connector of healing, wipes out former interface benefit and connects, and to seedling fertilization Routine Management.
The Best Times and stock form, preferably scion and embedding treatment of sealing with wax that the present invention is connect by preferred bud are preferably opened
Chip bud connection technology and managing after grafting four processes effectively improve emblic sapling grafting survival rate.By utilizing the present invention
Disclosed sapling grafting method, can make emblic the dry-hot valley region bud take of extreme drought high temperature be up to 95% with
On.
Preferably, in the step (2), there are 1-2 full tooth eyes on every bearing basal shoot, and the stock and scion
The diameter selected is 0.8cm~1.2cm.
Preferably, in the step (3), the raw material composition of scion treatment fluid is by mass percentage are as follows: multivitamin
1%~3%, antiviral bacterium mixed liquor (carbendazim 0.01%+ avermectin 0.01%), water surplus.
Preferably, in the step (3), embedding of sealing with wax uses the blended wax of paraffin and beeswax, and the matter of paraffin and beeswax
Amount is than being (1~2): (1~2).
Preferably, the stock processing in the step (4): by emblic stock trunk, the local of 4.5cm is cut from the ground,
And it cuts out to indulge and hurts face；The scion processing: it takes the bearing basal shoot for embedding treatment of sealing with wax to cut out length and hurts face, and in growing point distal end
Chamfer a short inclined-plane.
Preferably, the vertical face of hurting of the stock is to obtain from the shiny surface cutting perpendicularly cortex of the stock, and indulge and hurt face
Bottom end from blade to xylem chamfer 45 degree of angles.
Preferably, the scion is long hurts face and is rectangle, and long face of hurting is cortex by reaming the scion or slightly band wood
Matter portion is formed.
Preferably, the short inclined-plane in the scion growing point distal end is in shield type, chamfers and is formed from blade to 45 degree of angles of xylem.
Preferably, in the step (4), the engagement of stock and scion uses open-piece type bud connection technology, and the scion is long
Hurt that face and the stock are vertical to hurt face and is close to, and with double mulch film item by stock and scion encircling.
It is furthermore preferred that the open-piece type bud connection technology is that the stock slice is inserted by the scion, the long wound of the scion
Face and the stock be vertical to hurt face and is close to.
Preferably, the grafting time selection average daily temperature reaches 25 DEG C or more of mid-March~mid-April.
The present invention can completely save resource character using vegetative propagation, mainly take grafting method to emblic child resource into
Row saves research.It can be seen via above technical scheme that compared with prior art, the present disclosure provides a kind of dry-hot valleys
The engrafting method of regional emblic seedling, the Best Times connect by preferred bud and stock form, preferably scion and embedding of sealing with wax
Processing, preferably open-piece type bud connection technology and managing after grafting four processes, effectively increase emblic sapling grafting survival rate.
Firstly, since the positive value dry-hot valley extreme drought high temperature time 3-4 month of emblic grafting best opportunity, and temperature
The graft survival rate of emblic seedling is influenced with humidity very big.Therefore, in terms of temperature, present invention ensure that grafting time samming
>=25 DEG C, be suitable for the grafting survival of emblic seedling；In terms of humidity, the present invention keeps the water of scion using embedding techniques of sealing with wax
Humidity at part and graft union, further, 90 DEG C of high temperature when in order to avoid paraffin embedding being used alone in the prior art
It will cause the inactivation of burning of grafting twig, the present invention is calculated as (1~2) using mass ratio: the blended wax of (1~2) paraffin and beeswax
Technology of sealing with wax is carried out, using the low-melting characteristic of beeswax, embedding temperature can be made to obtain uniform and thin wax at 60 DEG C or so
Seal effect.
Secondly, the present invention is also handled by using the scion treatment fluid comprising multivitamin and Resistant drug mixture
Scion mother's branch, improves the diseases and insect pests resistance of plant after grafting, and then improves the graft survival rate of emblic seedling.
Finally, the present invention connects skill using open-piece type bud compared with using cleft grafting, side grafting and cut-grafting method to graft in the prior art
Art substantially increases the survival rate of emblic sapling grafting.Particularly, the present invention selects diameter for the emblic of 0.8cm~1.2cm
Sub- seedling is as stock, and with plant strain growth, graft union can be embedded in underground, which saves the manual operation of subsequent bud picking,
While guaranteeing graft survival rate, the management process of later period adult plants is simplified.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
The embodiment of invention for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can also basis
The attached drawing of offer obtains other attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is the picture after stock of the present invention cutting.
Fig. 2 is the picture without encircling after scion of the present invention is engaged with stock by open-piece type bud connection technology.
Fig. 3 is the picture that scion of the present invention is grown together with stock.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1: the implementation steps of the invention
(1) selection of grafting time
Grafting should select to reach 25 DEG C or more in annual mid-March in spring~mid-April in average daily temperature and carry out.
(2) scion and the selection of stock
Scion uses the bearing basal shoot of excellent emblic kind, and stock is >=1 year raw emblic seedling for needing to improve, choosing
Bearing basal shoot and the diameter of emblic seedling are 0.8-1.0cm, at bud picking is not needed after age plant, select such anvil
Facilitate management after the wooden grafting survival.
(3) immersion of scion treatment fluid and embedding treatment of sealing with wax are carried out to scion
The bearing basal shoot of excellent emblic kind is cut into 5-8cm above bud eye, and there are 1-2 for the every branch of guarantee
Full bud eye.Multivitamin 1%-3%, antiviral bacterium mixed liquor (carbendazim 0.01%+ avermectin 0.01%) are prepared,
It is put into scion and impregnates 10-20min, moisture is dried in taking-up.Be ready to paraffin, beeswax, aluminum pot, iron claw pincers, big plastic paper, carton or
Burlap pocket etc..Every ten thousand scion graftings fringe presses the spare paraffin of 1kg, and paraffin, beeswax are cut into small pieces, and first paraffin is put into aluminum pot,
Water-bath in 90 DEG C of water-bath closes water-bath, is put into 1kg beeswax, stirs evenly after melted paraffin wax.The top of scion
It is dipped in paraffin pan rapidly, the time is no more than 1s (slow can burn out bud eye, become useless scion), is put at once cold in cold water
But, then scion is put on the bulk plastic paper completed.
(4) it is grafted using open-piece type bud connection technology
Chamfer connecing 45 degree of angles of end of the ear, ream cortex or slightly with a little xylem, be whittled into one it is straight smooth
Rectangle hurts face.In emblic seedling trunk, the local of 4.5cm is cut from the ground, cortex is cut in smooth one side, without wooden
Portion, cutting perpendicularly is smooth straight, and the small pieces of incision are even continuous, and blade allows cortex gently to cut to xylem, 45 degree of angle bevelings
It is disconnected, then small slice is inserted into the scion handled well, it is long hurt face and indulged with stock hurt face and be close to.With double mulch film item from fringe top on to
It is lower wound Bao Yan, encircling.
(5) post-processing is connect
It connects and sprays within latter 5-30 days insect-proof agent in time, while checking in time, to no connector for forming healing, wipe out former interface
Benefit connects.Remaining routinely cultivation technique management.
Comparative example 1:
Grafting time described in step (1) is selected in annual October~next year 2 to this comparative example mode unlike the first embodiment
Month.Other steps and parameter are same as Example 1.
Comparative example 2:
This comparative example mode unlike the first embodiment scion branch described in step (3) without processing of sealing with wax.It is other
Step and parameter are same as Example 1.
Comparative example 3:
The ratio of paraffin and beeswax is 2 to this comparative example mode in step (3) embedding of sealing with wax unlike the first embodiment:
3.Other steps and parameter are same as Example 1.
Comparative example 4:
The ratio of paraffin and beeswax is 3 to this comparative example mode in step (3) embedding of sealing with wax unlike the first embodiment:
2.Other steps and parameter are same as Example 1.
Comparative example 5:
Bud connection technology used in step (4) described grafting is cleft graft to this comparative example mode unlike the first embodiment.
Other steps and parameter are same as Example 1.
Comparative example 6:
Bud connection technology used in step (4) described grafting is side grafting method to this comparative example mode unlike the first embodiment.
Other steps and parameter are same as Example 1.
Comparative example 7:
Bud connection technology used in step (4) described grafting is cut-grafting method to this comparative example mode unlike the first embodiment.
Other steps and parameter are same as Example 1.
Embodiment 1 and 1 emblic sapling grafting survival rate of comparative example statistics are as shown in table 1 below:
Table 1
Embodiment 1 and 2 emblic sapling grafting survival rate of comparative example statistics are as shown in table 2 below:
Table 2
Embodiment 1 and comparative example 3,4 emblic sapling grafting survival rate of comparative example statistics are as shown in table 3 below:
Table 3
| Test group | Paraffin (g) | Beeswax (g) | Graft strain number | Survive number | Survival rate |
| Comparative example 3 | 400 | 600 | 20 | 16 | 80% |
| Embodiment 1 | 500 | 500 | 20 | 19 | 95% |
| Comparative example 4 | 600 | 400 | 20 | 15 | 75% |
Embodiment 1 and comparative example 5-7 emblic sapling grafting survival rate statistics are as shown in table 4 below:
Table 4
| Test group | Engrafting method | Diameter of stock mm | Grafting time | Graft strain number | Survive number | Survival rate |
| Embodiment 1 | Open-piece type bud connects | 8 | March 20 | 20 | 16 | 80% |
| Comparative example 5 | Cleft grafting | 8 | March 20 | 20 | 13 | 65% |
| Comparative example 6 | Side grafting | 8 | March 20 | 20 | 14 | 70% |
| Comparative example 7 | Cut-grafting | 8 | March 20 | 20 | 13 | 65% |
Each comparative example is described in a progressive manner in this specification, and what each comparative example stressed is and implementation
The difference of example, same and similar part may refer to each other between each comparative example and embodiment.
The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention.
Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, as defined herein
General Principle can be realized in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.Therefore, of the invention
It is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, and is to fit to and the principles and novel features disclosed herein phase one
The widest scope of cause.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method for improving Dry-hot Valley Area emblic sapling grafting survival rate, which comprises the steps of:
(1) grafting time: select grafted the mid-March~mid-April in spring；
(2) choose stock and scion: scion uses the bearing basal shoot strain bud of excellent emblic kind, and stock selects emblic children
Seedling；
(3) scion: the scion obtained with scion treatment fluid soaking step (2) is handled, after impregnating 10~20min, taking-up is dried simultaneously
It seals with wax embedding；
(4) it grafts: the seal with wax scion of embedding of stock and step (3) that step (2) obtains is handled and engages to obtain emblic bud
It connects；
(5) manage after bud connects: emblic bud connects sprays insect-proof agent for latter 5-30 days in time, while checking in time, is cured to no formation
The connector of conjunction is wiped out former interface benefit and is connect, and to seedling fertilization Routine Management.
2. a kind of method for improving Dry-hot Valley Area emblic sapling grafting survival rate according to claim 1, special
Sign is, in the step (2), there are 1-2 full tooth eyes on every bearing basal shoot, and the stock and scion selection is straight
Diameter is 0.8cm~1.2cm.
3. a kind of method for improving Dry-hot Valley Area emblic sapling grafting survival rate according to claim 1, special
Sign is, in the step (3), the raw material composition of scion treatment fluid is by mass percentage are as follows: multivitamin 1%~3%,
Antiviral bacterium mixed liquor, the water surplus of carbendazim 0.01% and avermectin 0.01%.
4. a kind of method for improving Dry-hot Valley Area emblic sapling grafting survival rate according to claim 3, special
Sign is, in the step (3), embedding of sealing with wax uses the blended wax of paraffin and beeswax, and the mass ratio of paraffin and beeswax is (1
~2): (1~2).
5. a kind of method for improving Dry-hot Valley Area emblic sapling grafting survival rate according to claim 1, special
Sign is that the stock processing in the step (4): the local of 4.5cm is cut from the ground by emblic stock trunk, and is cut out vertical
Hurt face；The scion processing: it takes the bearing basal shoot for embedding treatment of sealing with wax to cut out length and hurts face, and is short in the beveling one of growing point distal end
Inclined-plane.
6. a kind of method for improving Dry-hot Valley Area emblic sapling grafting survival rate according to claim 5, special
Sign is, the stock is vertical hurt face be obtained from the shiny surface cutting perpendicularly cortex of the stock, and the vertical bottom end for hurting face by
Blade chamfers 45 degree of angles to xylem.
7. a kind of method for improving Dry-hot Valley Area emblic sapling grafting survival rate according to claim 5, special
Sign is that the scion length is hurt face and is rectangle, and long face of hurting is that the cortex or slightly band xylem by reaming the scion are formed.
8. a kind of method for improving Dry-hot Valley Area emblic sapling grafting survival rate according to claim 5, special
Sign is that the short inclined-plane in the scion growing point distal end is in shield type, chamfers and is formed from blade to 45 degree of angles of xylem.
9. a kind of method for improving Dry-hot Valley Area emblic sapling grafting survival rate according to claim 1, special
Sign is, in the step (4), the engagement of stock and scion uses open-piece type bud connection technology, and scion length is hurt face and institute
It states the vertical face of hurting of stock to be close to, and is bound stock and scion with double mulch film item.
10. described in any item according to claim 1~9 a kind of improve Dry-hot Valley Area emblic sapling grafting survival rates
Method, which is characterized in that the grafting time selection average daily temperature reaches 25 DEG C or more of mid-March~mid-April.
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