CN105325251A - Direct-sowing quick-growing cultivation method of Jatropha curcas L. - Google Patents
Direct-sowing quick-growing cultivation method of Jatropha curcas L. Download PDFInfo
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- CN105325251A CN105325251A CN201510808465.4A CN201510808465A CN105325251A CN 105325251 A CN105325251 A CN 105325251A CN 201510808465 A CN201510808465 A CN 201510808465A CN 105325251 A CN105325251 A CN 105325251A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/70—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting wettability, e.g. drying agents
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Abstract
The invention provides a direct-sowing quick-growing cultivation method of Jatropha curcas L., which comprises the steps of digging cultivation holes with depth of 28-32cm and diameter of 58-62cm, mixing a special compound fertilizer, digging planting small holes with diameter of 3.8-4.2cm and depth of 3.8-4.2cm in the surface soil at the center of the holes when sowing, placing seeds in the planting small holes, and completely covering the small holes with fine soil; when the main stems of the seedlings are more than or equal to 50cm, cutting off the main stems of the seedlings from the parts 34-36cm away from the ground; when the lateral branches of the first-level seedlings are more than or equal to 80cm, cutting off the lateral branches from the parts 60cm away from the branches of the main stems of the seedlings; when the lateral branches of each levels are 2m high away from the ground, pruning the high parts. By adopting the method, the technical problems of high cost, variable growth conditions, abnormal growth, and deferred flowering and fruiting of the existing forced seed germination, nursery seedling raising, and seedling transplanting are overcome, management and artificial picking are facilitated, the method is simple, labor and fertilizer are saved, the Jatropha curcas L. grows well, quickly grows and is high in yield, and good economical benefit, social benefit and ecological benefit are achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, relate to the live quick-growing cultivation method of a kind of Jatropha curcas.
Background technology
Jatropha curcas (JatrophacurcasL.), have another name called cream paulownia, Jatropha curcus, artificial flower life etc., belong to Euphorbiaceae (Euphorbiaceae) Jatropha, it is a kind of perennial woody oil plants, also be a kind of quick growing species of trees of drought-resistant impoverishment tolerant, at the solid soil of water conservation, increase the soil organic matter, recover vegetation and prevent, in stony desertification etc., there is important value of exploiting and utilizing.Jatropha curcas seed oil content is between 40-60%, and fat content is high, and main component is oleic acid 41.3%, linoleic acid 31.4% and palmitic acid 19.5%, is the desirable feedstock of preparation biodiesel.Easily, survival rate is high, can yield positive results then in Jatropha curcas plantation, the picking fruit phase can reach 40-50, does not account for arable land, and planting cost is low, be particularly suitable for tropical and subtropical region cultivation, all there is plantation the provinces and regions such as Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, Hainan, Guangdong of China.
Study according to expert, wild leprosy trunk fruit average yield is about 660kg/ mu, processing biological diesel-oil 180-270kg can be extracted, this biodiesel is applicable to various diesel engine, the key indexs such as its burning-point, freezing point, sulfur content, CO emission, particle are all better than domestic No. 0 diesel oil, reach No. 2 diesel oil standards in Europe at present.Many reports also demonstrate that to possess by the biodiesel of jatropha curcas seed grease production have good burning performance, flash-point is high, pollute the advantages such as little, can replace traditional petrifaction diesel, becomes a kind of new clean energy resource.With one of effective way that jatropha curcas seed production biodiesel is the exhaustion of alleviation oil, there are good economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefits.Development Jatropha curcas industry, can promote the western China structural readjustment of rural industry, accelerate the development of rural economy.To regional aid-the-poor project, to increase poverty-stricken area farmers' income, increase taxes, have great significance to national oil security strategy etc. to countries and regions, relevant item also obtains National Development and Reform Committee, the vigorously supporting of the Department of Science and Technology and each place government.
But, about the research of Jatropha curcas culture technique seriously lags behind the research of its exploitation aspect, only use for reference the cultivation management pattern of other seeds.At present, China's Jatropha curcas high-yield high-efficiency cultivation technology famine, after causing establishing in large scale through battalion extensive management, seed production low (per mu yield is 150kg or lower), production cost is high, income is few, have impact on the development of Jatropha curcas industry.And existing Jatropha curcas culture technique needs to carry out presprouting of seeds, seedling nursery and nursery stock transplanting, not only need a large amount of fertilizer with artificial, also affect the normal growth of Jatropha curcas nursery stock due to transplanting.For cracking the problem of the developing technological difficulties of current Jatropha curcas and rural laborer's deficiency, accelerate Rocky Desertification Control, improve the ecological environment, promote the Rocky Desertification Region sustainable development of socio-economy, develop the live quick-growing cultivation method of a kind of Jatropha curcas and have important practical significance.
Summary of the invention
The present invention, in order to overcome the deficiency of prior art, provides a kind of Jatropha curcas live quick-growing cultivation method.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
The live quick-growing cultivation method of a kind of Jatropha curcas, comprise dig the mixed fertilizer in cave, operation is topdressed in seed treatment, sowing, dwarfing lopping, weeding, concrete operation step is as follows:
(1) cave is dug mixed fertile: before sowing, dig cultivation cave at planting site by the specification of line-spacing 1.8-2.2m, spacing in the rows 1.8-2.2m, then earthing limit in limit applies Jatropha curcas composite fertilizer special, make Soil and Fertilizer mix when earthing and fertilising as far as possible, and earthing and fertilising are cheated to filling and leading up cave, vegetable soil desinsection;
(2) seed treatment: select the jatropha curcas seed that grain is large, full, kind shell is complete, seed coat is level and smooth that July then, maturation was gathered, after soaking 4-5 hour with clear water before sowing, repeatedly wash by rubbing with the hands in water, washing, then pulls out for subsequent use;
(3) sow: at the beginning of by the end of July to 8 month, immediately sow after rainfall; 1 plantation vesicle is dug out with little point hoe at cultivation Xue Nei center table soil during sowing, then the seed of soaking and water washing is put into cave, 1, seed is put in every cave, put after planting and cover vesicle completely with fine earth, add a cover film water conservation and cover weeds sunshade, cover film and weeds were as the criterion to cover cultivation cave, directly over plantation vesicle, film were scratched long 5cm " cross " osculum simultaneously; Look the in good time trickle of arid situation in after planting 1 week, keep earth in cave moistening, to promote to emerge; If after emerging September to November run into dry days in autumn gas and cause seedling lower blade turn to be yellow fallen leaves time trickle, each trickle amount 9-11kg/ cave, is as the criterion so that earth in cave is drenched;
(4) downgrade lopping: when nursery stock stem and nursery stock side shoot grow to certain altitude, at distance 34-36cm place, ground, nursery stock stem and nursery stock side shoot are blocked respectively, to promote that 1 grade of nursery stock side shoot is sprouted; Again side shoot is blocked, to promote that 1 grade of nursery stock side shoot and 2 grades of side shoots are sprouted; When side shoot at different levels grows to distance ground height 2m, the raised area is wiped out, to promote that more multi-branched is formed;
(5) weeding is topdressed: next year after planting, topdress in mid or late March (before young leaves sprouting) in conjunction with rainfall, first weeding before topdressing, pine nursery stock cave table soil, impose Jatropha curcas composite fertilizer special 2.4-2.6kg/ cave, spread fertilizer over the fields by Jatropha curcas composite fertilizer special when topdressing within the scope of distance nursery stock base portion surrounding 30-33cm, and ridging covers, ridging thickness was as the criterion to cover fertilizer;
When planting site occurs that weeds overgrow, carry out artificial weeding or machinery mowing; When Jatropha curcas plant height reaches more than 1m, also can weed killer herbicide be selected--paraquat is weeding illustratively, to keep forest land clean.
Above-described Jatropha curcas composite fertilizer special by treat banana stalk 30-35 part, manure of livestock and poultry 35-40 part, residue of monosodium glutamate liquid 5-12 part, peanut press pulp powder 10-13 part, leprosy bran powder 1-3 part, vegetable insecticide 0.02-2 part, water-loss reducer 1-2 part, microbial bacterial agent 0.002-0.010 part, containing urea 1-2 part of N>=46.4%, containing P
2o
5superphosphate 3-4 part of>=12%, containing K
2potassium chloride 2-3 part of O>=60%; Described vegetable insecticide is: castor-oil plant, camphor tree and margosa more than one.
The weight of discharging of the Jatropha curcas composite fertilizer special described in above step (1) is: 1-1.4kg/ cultivates cave.
Cultivation cave specification described in above step (1) is: the circle of dark 28-32cm, diameter 58-62cm or square cultivation cave.
Plantation vesicle specification described in above step (3) is: diameter 3.8-4.2cm, dark 3.8-4.2cm.
The method that nursery stock stem described in above step (4) and nursery stock side shoot block is: when nursery stock stem grows to high more than 50cm, and in distance, nursery stock stem blocks by 34-36cm place, ground; When 1 grade of nursery stock side shoot grows to long more than 80cm, at distance nursery stock stem branching, side shoot blocks by 60cm place.
Relative to prior art, the advantage that the present invention has and good effect:
(1) 1, seed is put in the every cave of this method, puts after planting and covers vesicle completely with fine earth, and adds a cover film water conservation and cover weeds sunshade, and Jatropha curcas planting percent reaches more than 97%, improves more than 8% than general transplanting method planting percent; Sow after 1 year, namely the 2nd year 10 monthly average individual plant Jatropha curcas leading thread reach 6cm, plant height reaches 2m, one-level branch 3 articles, 2 grades of branches, 10 articles, 3 grades branches 8 articles, stem branch always reach 6.5m, hat width diameter reaches 1.8m, and start to bloom, bear fruit, and gather in the crops air-dry jatropha curcas seed 0.65kg/ strain, 1.5kg/ strain in 3rd year, 2.8kg/ strain in the 4th year; Overcome that presprouting of seeds is carried out in the cultivation of existing Jatropha curcas, the multistep operation of seedling nursery and nursery stock transplanting cause the high cost of plantation, growth conditions change many, grow the technical problem that abnormal and postponement blooms, bears fruit.
(2) this method is compared with the prior art, needed for dig cultivation acupoint depth more shallow, and do not need to carry out presprouting of seeds, seedling nursery and nursery stock transplanting, do not need to carry out the process such as base portion girdling and foliage-spray paclobutrazol yet, save artificial.
(3) this method compared with the prior art, uses Jatropha curcas composite fertilizer special, improves water conservation and fertilizer efficiency, improvement soil, applying quantity of chemical fertilizer can reduce more than 50%, and can prevent and treat Jatropha curcas damage by disease and insect, solves the environmental pollution that a large amount of applying pesticides brings and the problem be detrimental to health.
(4) this method can control Jatropha curcas plant height within 2m, is convenient to management and artificial harvesting.
(5) the seminal propagation self-sow Jatropha curcas that this method and general 3-4 start to bloom, bear fruit is compared, and Jatropha curcas fruit-growing time of blooming can be made to shift to an earlier date 2-3; This method and general 2.0-2.5 start the seminal propagation artificial cultivation Jatropha curcas Technical comparing of blooming, bearing fruit, and Jatropha curcas fruit-growing time of blooming can be made to shift to an earlier date 1-1.5, and tree fast-growing, bears fruit early.
(6) this method technique is simple, and saving of labor economizes fertilizer, and Jatropha curcas grows, fast growing and high yield, promotes the sustainable development of socio-economy, has good economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefits.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further described.
Embodiment 1:
The live quick-growing cultivation method of a kind of Jatropha curcas, concrete operation step is as follows:
(1) cave is dug mixed fertile: July 20 dug the cultivation cave of dark 30cm, diameter 60cm at planting site by line-spacing 2m, spacing in the rows 2m specification, then earthing limit in limit applies Jatropha curcas composite fertilizer special 1.2kg, make Soil and Fertilizer mix when earthing and fertilising as far as possible, and earthing and fertilising are cheated to filling and leading up cave, vegetable soil desinsection;
(2) seed treatment: select the grain that July then, maturation was gathered large, full, plant the jatropha curcas seed that shell is complete, seed coat is level and smooth, sow after front clear water soaks 5 hours, repeatedly washes by rubbing with the hands in water, wash, then pull out for subsequent use;
(3) sow: immediately sow after daily rain amount in July 26; Dig out the plantation vesicle of 1 diameter 4cm, dark 4cm with little sharp Chu Xuenei center table soil during sowing, then the seed of soaking and water washing is put into cave, 1, seed is put in every cave, put after planting and cover vesicle completely with fine earth, add a cover film water conservation and cover weeds sunshade, cover film and weeds were as the criterion to cover cultivation cave, directly over plantation vesicle, film were scratched long 5cm " cross " osculum simultaneously; In good time trickle in after planting 1 week, keeps earth in cave moistening; After emerging in September to November, run into for 2 times dry days in autumn gas and cause seedling lower blade to turn to be yellow time trickle, each trickle amount 11kg/ cave;
(4) downgrade lopping: when nursery stock stem grows to high more than 50cm, in distance, nursery stock stem blocks by 35cm place, ground, to promote that 1 grade of nursery stock side shoot is sprouted; When 1 grade of nursery stock side shoot grows to long more than 80cm, at distance nursery stock stem branching, side shoot blocks by 60cm place, to promote that 2 grades of side shoots are sprouted; When side shoot at different levels grows to distance ground height 2m, the raised area is wiped out;
(5) weeding is topdressed: next year after planting, topdressed in conjunction with rainfall before young leaves sprouting March 23, first weeding before topdressing, pine nursery stock cave table soil, impose Jatropha curcas composite fertilizer special 2.5kg/ cave, spread fertilizer over the fields by Jatropha curcas composite fertilizer special when topdressing within the scope of distance nursery stock base portion surrounding 31cm, and ridging covers, ridging thickness was as the criterion to cover fertilizer; When planting site occurs that weeds overgrow, carry out artificial weeding.
Above-described Jatropha curcas composite fertilizer special by treat banana stalk 35 parts, manure of livestock and poultry 40 parts, residue of monosodium glutamate liquid 12 parts, 13 parts, peanut press pulp powder, 3 parts, leprosy bran powder, vegetable insecticide 2 parts, water-loss reducer 2 parts, microbial bacterial agent 0.010 part, containing 1 part, the urea of N>=46.4%, containing P
2o
5the superphosphate 3 parts of>=12%, containing K
22 parts, the potassium chloride of O>=60%, described vegetable insecticide is: castor-oil plant and each half of margosa, described microbial bacterial agent is: azotobacter: bacillus subtilis: actinomycetes=1: 2: 0.5.
Embodiment 2:
The live quick-growing cultivation method of a kind of Jatropha curcas, concrete operation step is as follows:
(1) cave is dug mixed fertile: July 29 dug the cultivation cave of dark 32m, diameter 58cm at planting site by the specification of line-spacing 2.2m, spacing in the rows 1.8m, then earthing limit in limit applies Jatropha curcas composite fertilizer special 1.4kg, make Soil and Fertilizer mix when earthing and fertilising as far as possible, and earthing and fertilising are cheated to filling and leading up cave, vegetable soil desinsection;
(2) seed treatment: select the grain that July then, maturation was gathered large, full, plant the jatropha curcas seed that shell is complete, seed coat is level and smooth, sow after front clear water soaks 4 hours, repeatedly washes by rubbing with the hands in water, wash, then pull out for subsequent use;
(3) sow: immediately sow after daily rain amount in August 6; Dig out the plantation vesicle of 1 diameter 3.8cm, dark 4.2cm with little sharp Chu Xuenei center table soil during sowing, then the seed of soaking and water washing is put into cave, 1, seed is put in every cave, put after planting and cover vesicle completely with fine earth, add a cover film water conservation and cover weeds sunshade, cover film and weeds were as the criterion to cover cultivation cave, directly over plantation vesicle, film were scratched long 5cm " cross " osculum simultaneously; In good time trickle in after planting 1 week, keeps earth in cave moistening; After emerging September to November run into for 2 times dry days in autumn gas and cause seedling lower blade to turn to be yellow time trickle, each trickle amount 10kg/ cave;
(4) downgrade lopping: when nursery stock stem grows to high more than 50cm, in distance, nursery stock stem blocks by 34cm place, ground, to promote that 1 grade of nursery stock side shoot is sprouted; When 1 grade of nursery stock side shoot grows to long more than 80cm, at distance nursery stock stem branching, side shoot blocks by 60cm place, to promote that 2 grades of side shoots are sprouted; When side shoot at different levels grows to distance ground height 2m, the raised area is wiped out;
(5) weeding is topdressed: next year after planting, topdressed in conjunction with rainfall before young leaves sprouting March 22, first weeding before topdressing, pine nursery stock cave table soil, impose Jatropha curcas composite fertilizer special 2.6kg/ cave, spread fertilizer over the fields by Jatropha curcas composite fertilizer special when topdressing within the scope of distance nursery stock base portion surrounding 33cm, and ridging covers, ridging thickness was as the criterion to cover fertilizer; Artificial weeding is carried out, when Jatropha curcas plant height reaches more than 1m, with weed killer herbicide when planting site occurs that weeds overgrow--paraquat weeding.
Above-described Jatropha curcas composite fertilizer special by treat banana stalk 35 parts, manure of livestock and poultry 40 parts, residue of monosodium glutamate liquid 5 parts, 13 parts, peanut press pulp powder, 2 parts, leprosy bran powder, vegetable insecticide 0.02 part, water-loss reducer 1 part, microbial bacterial agent 0.002 part, containing 1 part, the urea of N>=46.4%, containing P
2o
5the superphosphate 4 parts of>=12%, containing K
22 parts, the potassium chloride of O>=60%, described vegetable insecticide is: each half of branches and leaves of castor-oil plant and camphor tree, described microbial bacterial agent is: azotobacter: bacillus subtilis: actinomycetes=2: 3: 1.
Embodiment 3:
The live quick-growing cultivation method of a kind of Jatropha curcas, concrete operation step is as follows:
(1) cave is dug mixed fertile: before sowing, dig the cultivation cave of dark 28cm, diameter 62cm at planting site by the specification of line-spacing 2.2m, spacing in the rows 2m, then earthing limit in limit applies Jatropha curcas composite fertilizer special 1kg, make Soil and Fertilizer mix when earthing and fertilising as far as possible, and earthing and fertilising are cheated to filling and leading up cave, vegetable soil desinsection;
(2) seed treatment: select the grain that July then, maturation was gathered large, full, plant the jatropha curcas seed that shell is complete, seed coat is level and smooth, sow after front clear water soaks 4.5 hours, repeatedly washes by rubbing with the hands in water, wash, then pull out for subsequent use;
(3) sow: sow after daily rain amount in August 10; Dig out the vesicle of 1 diameter 4.2cm, dark 3.8cm with little sharp Chu Xuenei center table soil during sowing, then the seed of soaking and water washing is put into cave, 1, seed is put in every cave, put after planting and cover vesicle completely with fine earth, add a cover film water conservation and cover weeds sunshade, cover film and weeds were as the criterion to cover cultivation cave, directly over plantation vesicle, film were scratched long 4cm " cross " osculum simultaneously; Without arid situation in after planting 1 week, in cave, earth is moistening; After emerging September to November run into for 2 times dry days in autumn gas and cause seedling lower blade to turn to be yellow time trickle, each trickle amount 9kg/ cave;
(4) downgrade lopping: when nursery stock stem grows to high more than 50cm, in distance, nursery stock stem blocks by 36cm place, ground, to promote that 1 grade of nursery stock side shoot is sprouted; When 1 grade of nursery stock side shoot grows to long more than 80cm, at distance nursery stock stem branching, side shoot blocks by 60cm place, to promote that 2 grades of side shoots are sprouted; When side shoot at different levels grows to distance ground height 2m, the raised area is wiped out;
(5) weeding is topdressed: next year after planting, topdressed in conjunction with rainfall before young leaves sprouting March 21, first weeding before topdressing, pine nursery stock cave table soil, impose Jatropha curcas composite fertilizer special 2.6kg/ cave, spread fertilizer over the fields by Jatropha curcas composite fertilizer special when topdressing within the scope of distance nursery stock base portion surrounding 30cm, and ridging covers, ridging thickness was as the criterion to cover fertilizer; When planting site occurs that weeds overgrow, carry out artificial weeding; When Jatropha curcas plant height reaches more than 1m, select weed killer herbicide--paraquat is weeding illustratively.
Above-described Jatropha curcas composite fertilizer special by treat banana stalk 30 parts, manure of livestock and poultry 35 parts, residue of monosodium glutamate liquid 12 parts, 10 parts, peanut press pulp powder, 1 part, leprosy bran powder, vegetable insecticide 1 part, water-loss reducer 2 parts, microbial bacterial agent 0.002 part, containing 2 parts, the urea of N>=46.4%, containing P
2o
5the superphosphate 3 parts of>=12%, containing K
23 parts, the potassium chloride of O>=60%, described vegetable insecticide is: castor-oil plant and margosa more than one.
Reference examples 1:
A kind of Jatropha curcas seedling raising and transplanting cultivation method, carry out according to a conventional method choosing seeds, vernalization, seeding and seedling raising, dig the mixed fertilizer in cave, nursery stock transplanting, dwarfing lopping, weeding operation, concrete operation step is as follows:
(1) seed selection and vernalization: select the grain that July then, maturation was gathered large, full, plant the jatropha curcas seed that shell is complete, seed coat is level and smooth, sow to pull out after front clear water soaks 10 hours and drain, sterilize 10 minutes with 1% copper-bath, then be placed in husky bed vernalization, until seed coat break expose radicle after sow;
(2) seeding and seedling raising: July 20 spread fertilizer over the fields Jatropha curcas composite fertilizer special 3.0kg/m at nursery table soil
2, then plow harrow plays seedbed wholely, the long 5m in seedbed, wide 1.4m.July 26 is sowed after daily rain amount, sowing specification is line-spacing 35cm, spacing in the rows 20cm, dig out the plantation vesicle of 1 diameter 4cm, dark 4cm at seedbed table soil with little point hoe during sowing, then the seed of rudiment is put into cave, 1, seed is put in every cave, put after planting and cover vesicle completely with fine earth, add a cover film water conservation and cover weeds sunshade; In good time trickle in after planting 1 week, keeps earth in cave moistening; After emerging in September to November, run into for 2 times dry days in autumn gas and cause seedling lower blade to turn to be yellow time trickle, each trickle amount 35kg/m
2;
(3) cave is dug mixed fertile: next year after nursery, the cultivation cave of dark 45cm, diameter 60cm was dug at planting site by the specification of line-spacing 2m, spacing in the rows 2m in conjunction with rainfall March 22, then earthing limit in limit applies Jatropha curcas composite fertilizer special 3.8kg, make Soil and Fertilizer mix when earthing and fertilising as far as possible, and earthing and fertilising are cheated to filling and leading up cave, vegetable soil desinsection;
(4) nursery stock transplanting: next year after nursery, in March 27 in conjunction with rainfall and nursery soil is drenched time nursery nursery stock is slowly extracted from seedbed, then seedling root is all wrapped yellow mud, 2nd day transplanted seedling tree to cultivation cave, then add a cover film water conservation and cover weeds sunshade, cover film and weeds were as the criterion to cover cultivation cave;
(5) downgrade lopping: when nursery stock stem grows to high more than 50cm, in distance, nursery stock stem blocks by 35cm place, ground, to promote that 1 grade of nursery stock side shoot is sprouted; When 1 grade of nursery stock side shoot grows to long more than 80cm, at distance nursery stock stem branching, side shoot blocks by 60cm place, to promote that 2 grades of side shoots are sprouted; When side shoot at different levels grows to distance ground height 2m, the raised area is wiped out;
(6) weeding: when planting site occurs that weeds overgrow, carries out artificial weeding; When Jatropha curcas plant height reaches more than 1m, select weed killer herbicide--paraquat is weeding illustratively.
Above-described Jatropha curcas composite fertilizer special by treat banana stalk 35 parts, manure of livestock and poultry 40 parts, residue of monosodium glutamate liquid 5 parts, 13 parts, peanut press pulp powder, 2 parts, leprosy bran powder, vegetable insecticide 0.02 part, water-loss reducer 1 part, microbial bacterial agent 0.002 part, containing 1 part, the urea of N>=46.4%, containing P
2o
5the superphosphate 4 parts of>=12%, containing K
22 parts, the potassium chloride of O>=60%, described vegetable insecticide is: each half of branches and leaves of castor-oil plant and camphor tree, described microbial bacterial agent is: azotobacter: bacillus subtilis: actinomycetes=2: 3: 1.
Reference examples 2:
With reference to prior art CN101406130, the method cultivation that a kind of seedling promoting jatropha curcas seed to breed is yielded positive results then, concrete operation step is as follows:
(1) presprouting of seeds: February 28 sand is carried out to the jatropha curcas seed of gathering on July, upper 1 and hide vernalization process, the long 2m of husky bed, wide 1.0m, during husky Tibetan, sowing specification is 25cm × 15cm, after planting cover fine sand thickness 4cm, husky bed adopts double-plastic to cover, and during vernalization, in good time trickle, keeps husky bed moistening;
(2) transplant: March 20 was selected healthy young seedling of Jatropha and plants; Dig the cultivation cave of dark 45cm, diameter 60cm before plantation, then earthing limit in limit applies the manure of livestock and poultry 3.5kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and composite fertilizer is (containing N-P
2o
5-K
2o=15-15-15) 0.425kg, make Soil and Fertilizer mix, and earthing and fertilising is cheated when earthing and fertilising as far as possible to filling and leading up cave; During transplanting, seedlings root is buried 15cm; After transplanting, trickle makes earth in cave drench;
(3) topdress: added once-combined fertilizer on May 6 (containing N-P
2o
5-K
2o=15-15-15), topdressing amount is 0.20kg/ tree, and composite fertilizer spread fertilizer over the fields when topdressing within the scope of distance nursery stock base portion surrounding 30cm, and ridging covers, ridging thickness was as the criterion to cover fertilizer;
(4) top is plucked: July 5 plucked core process to remove apical dominance to Jatropha curcas, impelled its side shoot to sprout; At distance branch end 5cm place, spray is blocked when plucking top;
(5) spray paclobutrazol: July 15 sprayed the paclobutrazol solution of volume ratio 1: 1000 to stem of Jatropha curcas branch, dripping with branch when spraying is as the criterion;
(6) girdling: July 18 carried out girdling process to Jatropha curcas base portion; Girdling place distance ground 10cm, cuts 3 rings, every ring spacing 3cm altogether; During girdling with cut trunk epidermis, juice flow out be as the criterion;
(7) weeding: when planting site occurs that weeds overgrow, carries out artificial weeding.
This method cultivation Jatropha curcas and contrast method cultivate Jatropha curcas results contrast in table 1.
Table 1: Jatropha curcas distinct methods cultivation result summary sheet
Claims (6)
1. the live quick-growing cultivation method of Jatropha curcas, is characterized in that: comprise dig the mixed fertilizer in cave, operation is topdressed in seed treatment, sowing, dwarfing lopping, weeding, concrete operation step is as follows:
(1) cave is dug mixed fertile: before sowing, dig cultivation cave at planting site by the specification of line-spacing 1.8-2.2m, spacing in the rows 1.8-2.2m, then earthing limit in limit applies Jatropha curcas composite fertilizer special, make Soil and Fertilizer mix when earthing and fertilising, and earthing and fertilising are cheated to filling and leading up cave as far as possible, vegetable soil desinsection;
(2) seed treatment: select the jatropha curcas seed that grain is large, full, kind shell is complete, seed coat is level and smooth that July then, maturation was gathered, after soaking 4-5 hour with clear water before sowing, repeatedly wash by rubbing with the hands in water, washing, then pulls out for subsequent use;
(3) sow: at the beginning of by the end of July to 8 month, immediately sow after rainfall; 1 plantation vesicle is dug out with little point hoe at cultivation Xue Nei center table soil during sowing, then the seed of soaking and water washing is put into cave, 1, seed is put in every cave, put after planting and cover vesicle completely with fine earth, add a cover film water conservation and cover weeds sunshade, cover film and weeds were as the criterion to cover cultivation cave, directly over plantation vesicle, film were scratched long 5cm " cross " osculum simultaneously; Look the in good time trickle of arid situation in after planting 1 week, keep earth in cave moistening, to promote to emerge; If after emerging September to November run into dry days in autumn gas and cause seedling lower blade turn to be yellow fallen leaves time trickle, each trickle amount 9-11kg/ cave, is as the criterion so that earth in cave is drenched;
(4) downgrade lopping: when nursery stock stem and nursery stock side shoot grow to certain altitude, at distance 34-36cm place, ground, nursery stock stem and nursery stock side shoot are blocked respectively, to promote that 1 grade of nursery stock side shoot is sprouted; Again side shoot is blocked, to promote that 1 grade of nursery stock side shoot and 2 grades of side shoots are sprouted; When side shoot at different levels grows to distance ground height 2m, the raised area is wiped out, to promote that more multi-branched is formed;
(5) weeding is topdressed: next year after planting, topdress in mid or late March (before young leaves sprouting) in conjunction with rainfall, first weeding before topdressing, pine nursery stock cave table soil, impose Jatropha curcas composite fertilizer special 2.4-2.6kg/ cave, spread fertilizer over the fields by Jatropha curcas composite fertilizer special when topdressing within the scope of distance nursery stock base portion surrounding 30-33cm, and ridging covers, ridging thickness was as the criterion to cover fertilizer;
When planting site occurs that weeds overgrow, carry out artificial weeding or machinery mowing; When Jatropha curcas plant height reaches more than 1m, also can weed killer herbicide be selected--paraquat is weeding illustratively, to keep forest land clean.
2. the live quick-growing cultivation method of a kind of Jatropha curcas according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described Jatropha curcas composite fertilizer special by treat banana stalk 30-35 part, manure of livestock and poultry 35-40 part, residue of monosodium glutamate liquid 5-12 part, peanut press pulp powder 10-13 part, leprosy bran powder 1-3 part, vegetable insecticide 0.02-2 part, water-loss reducer 1-2 part, microbial bacterial agent 0.002-0.010 part, containing urea 1-2 part of N>=46.4%, containing P
2o
5superphosphate 3-4 part of>=12%, containing K
2potassium chloride 2-3 part of O>=60%; Described vegetable insecticide is: castor-oil plant, camphor tree and margosa more than one.
3. the live quick-growing cultivation method of a kind of Jatropha curcas according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: the weight of discharging of the Jatropha curcas composite fertilizer special described in step (1) is: 1-1.4kg/ cultivates cave.
4. the live quick-growing cultivation method of a kind of Jatropha curcas according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the cultivation cave specification described in step (1) is: the circle of dark 28-32cm, diameter 58-62cm or square cultivation cave.
5. the live quick-growing cultivation method of a kind of Jatropha curcas according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the plantation vesicle specification described in step (3) is: diameter 3.8-4.2cm, dark 3.8-4.2cm.
6. the live quick-growing cultivation method of a kind of Jatropha curcas according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the method that the nursery stock stem described in step (4) and nursery stock side shoot block is: when nursery stock stem grows to high more than 50cm, in distance, nursery stock stem blocks by 34-36cm place, ground; When 1 grade of nursery stock side shoot grows to long more than 80cm, at distance nursery stock stem branching, side shoot blocks by 60cm place.
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