CN105294207A - Bio-fertilizer applicable to cultivation of bletilla striata - Google Patents
Bio-fertilizer applicable to cultivation of bletilla striata Download PDFInfo
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- CN105294207A CN105294207A CN201510772725.7A CN201510772725A CN105294207A CN 105294207 A CN105294207 A CN 105294207A CN 201510772725 A CN201510772725 A CN 201510772725A CN 105294207 A CN105294207 A CN 105294207A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a bio-fertilizer applicable to cultivation of bletilla striata. The bio-fertilizer is prepared by mixing cow dung and sawdust, subjecting the obtained mixture to high temperature fermentation by bacillus subtilis for 3 to 10 d, adding a rapeseed cake, ammonium chloride, potassium nitrate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate into a product obtained after fermentation, carrying out uniform mixing under stirring, and carrying out normal temperature stirring fermentation by Trichosporon capitatum for 3 to 6 d. According to the invention, a great amount of oil and starch substances in the rapeseed cake are made to full use to provide a great number of carbon sources for the Trichosporon capitatum, so conversion of inorganic nitrogen in the fertilizer into organic nitrogen is substantially promoted, which is beneficial for improving the quality of bletilla striata; and high temperature is employed for decaying a great number of weed seeds in the cow dung, and high temperature fermentation can effectively prevent the situation of root burning of bletilla striata and benefits rapid deodorization of the cow dung.
Description
Art
The present invention relates to a kind of bio-organic fertilizer of applicable bletilla striata cultivation, belong to fertilizer processing technique field.
Background technology
The bletilla striata, perennial herb, pseudobulb block root shape, white, plump, there is finger-like difference.Spend beauty, cultivation is for viewing and admiring.Stem is sturdy, uprightly, and high 30-60 centimetre.Leaf 3-6 piece, lanceolar or wide lanceolar, tip is gradually sharp, and base portion constitute sheath-like embraces stem.Raceme top is raw, sparse, has colored 3-8 piece, spends beautiful greatly, red-purple.Petal 3, the lip Long Circle of falling ovum, dark 3 split, and middle valve margin has wave-formed mouth, the coated stamen post of side sliver part.Sepal 3, petal-shaped.Capsule, cylindric, above, 6 vertical ribs are given prominence to.Seed is tiny of dust.Florescence late April-late May, fructescence in 11 months, the last ten-days period.Have mutation to spend the bletilla striata in vain, floral white, garden-variety still has indigo plant, Huang, pink isochrome.Conventional division propagation.
Bletilla striata stem tuber major function is applied to hemoptysis and spits blood, traumatic hemorrhage, sore swollen toxin, chapped skin.Pulmonary tuberculosis hemoptysis, ulcer haemorrhage.Its bulb is containing bletilla colloid, starch, volatilization wet goods.Medicinal, have produce effects, tonifying lung hemostasis, the effect such as detumescence, external application controls that wound hemorrhage, carbuncle are swollen, scald, furunculosis etc.Spring young leaves sprout before or autumn and winter overground part withered after, the old strain of turn up, segmentation pseudobulb carries out point planting, and every strain can divide 3-5 strain, and every strain must be with terminal bud to split.Also can adopt seed propagation, but because of seed tiny, underdevelopment, need use substratum aseptic inoculation, complicated operation, therefore seldom used.
At present, the confession requirement difference of the bletilla striata is too large, cause a large amount of collection and consumption wild plant resource, the Hills forest coverage of adding southern each province strengthens further, also aggravate wild bletilla striata output to decline every year, when gathering and consumption exceedes the regenerative power of natural resources, the in imminent danger of species will inevitably be caused even to become extinct.Simultaneously along with the destruction day by day of natural ecological environment, also cause the scarcity of resources of medicinal plant further.From documents and materials, main to use bletilla striata propagation by corm at present, plant humus loam that is good in draining, band grittiness, need warm more dark and damp environment.
The current plantation high-quality bletilla striata all adopts a large amount of fertilizer, prevent heavy metals exceeding standard again simultaneously, now all with cow dung, sawdust for main matrix, can promote that planting site is soft in a large number, be conducive to the growth of bletilla striata stem tuber system, but directly use cow dung and sawdust, easily cause bletilla striata stem tuber to burn to death, simultaneously because cow dung contains a large amount of weed seed, have a large amount of weed growth when planting and cultivate bletilla striata seedling later, affect the speed of growth of the bletilla striata widely, seriously reduce its fertilizer efficiency.In addition, only use when cow dung and sawdust and easily cause nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium deficiency.If when directly adding inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, sylvite, these inorganic salt also can be caused to run off, fertilise is improper also easily causes the bletilla striata to burn root death, and bletilla striata stem tuber is also easily downright bad simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, sylvite losing issue, simultaneously solve directly use cow dung and sawdust there will be bletilla striata stem tuber is burnt to death, the problem such as rotten, farthest can be rotted again weed seed in cow dung, the invention provides a kind of rational technology, simple to operate, process cycle is short, cow dung and sawdust comprehensive utilization degree is high, quick fermentation cow dung and sawdust prepare bletilla striata fermentation fertilizer production technique, can promote that the bletilla striata grows, increasing both production and income, raising quality novel fermentation fertilizer.
The microbial strains that the present invention adopts, head trichosporon (Trichosporoncapitatum) derives from China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center, is numbered CGMCCNo.2.1385; Subtilis (Bacillussubtilis) Lys-979 is preserved in China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center, preserving number: CGMCCNo.11333 on September 8th, 2015.
The preparation of head Trichosporon Behrend powder: cultivate by head trichosporon CGMCCNo.2.1385 cultural method, centrifugation medium obtains head trichosporon thalline, and drying is head Trichosporon Behrend powder.
The preparation of fermentation of bacillus subtilis liquid: carry out cultivation 2 ~ 4 days by subtilis CGMCCNo.11333 cultural method, obtain fermented liquid for subsequent use.
Therefore, the present invention's first object is to provide a kind of bio-organic fertilizer of applicable bletilla striata cultivation.
In one embodiment, the bio-organic fertilizer being applicable to bletilla striata cultivation is made up of with following weight part each raw material composition: through subtilis Lys-979 thermophilic fermentation 3 ~ 10 days after cow dung 40 ~ 80 parts, the mixing of 10 ~ 30 parts, sawdust, fermentation after product adds 20 ~ 50 portions of vegetable seed oil cakes to carry out being mixed to get mixture, in mixture, add final concentration is again 0.5% ~ 5% ammonium chloride, 0.5% ~ 5% saltpetre, 0.5% ~ 5% SODIUM PHOSPHATE, MONOBASIC, after stirring, then within 3 ~ 6 days, namely obtain finished product through head Trichosporon Behrend normal temperature fermentation.
In a specific embodiment, wherein each material composition forms with following weight part: through subtilis Lys-979 thermophilic fermentation 5 ~ 7 days after cow dung 50 ~ 70 parts, the mixing of 15 ~ 25 parts, sawdust, fermentation after product adds 25 ~ 35 portions of vegetable seed oil cakes to carry out being mixed to get mixture, in mixture, add final concentration is again 1% ~ 3% ammonium chloride, 1% ~ 3% saltpetre, 0.5% ~ 1.5% SODIUM PHOSPHATE, MONOBASIC, after stirring, then within 3 ~ 6 days, namely obtain finished product through head Trichosporon Behrend normal temperature fermentation.
In another embodiment, wherein each material composition forms with following weight part: through subtilis Lys-979 thermophilic fermentation 5 ~ 7 days after cow dung 60 parts, the mixing of 20 parts, sawdust, fermentation after product adds 30 portions of vegetable seed oil cakes to carry out being mixed to get mixture, in mixture, add final concentration is again 2% ammonium chloride, 2.5% saltpetre, 1.5% SODIUM PHOSPHATE, MONOBASIC, after stirring, then within 5 ~ 6 days, namely obtain finished product through head Trichosporon Behrend normal temperature fermentation.
Therefore, the present invention's second object is to provide a kind of preparation technology of bio-organic fertilizer of applicable bletilla striata cultivation, and its concrete steps comprise as follows:
(1) cow dung and sawdust are mixed by a certain percentage, control the water content of this mixture 30% ~ 50%;
(2) inoculate subtilis Lys-979 fermented liquid, inoculum size is 1% ~ 10% mass ratio, mixes rear plastic film covering and is incubated.
(3) temperature of mixture is controlled more than 50 DEG C, fermentation time 3 ~ 10 days.
(4) add rape oil cake 20 ~ 40 parts to subtilis Lys-979 fermentation after product again to carry out being mixed to get mixture, in mixture, add final concentration is again 0.5% ~ 5% ammonium chloride, 0.5% ~ 5% saltpetre, 0.5% ~ 5% SODIUM PHOSPHATE, MONOBASIC, stirs.
(5) inoculate head Trichosporon Behrend powder, after stirring by the water content control of this mixture 30% ~ 50%, temperature controls at 20 DEG C ~ more than 30 DEG C, fermentation time 3 ~ 6 days.
(6) after being terminated by yeast fermentation, the bacterial manure with yeasty notes directly applies land for growing field crops, and also can add water is a granulated into granular fertilizers, for potted plant.
In described step (1), the blending ratio of cow dung and sawdust is cow dung 40 ~ 80 parts, 10 ~ 30 parts, sawdust.
In described step (2), the inoculum size of Lys-979 fermented liquid is 1% ~ 10%, and the volume of this fermented liquid is L is unit, and the mixture that step (1) obtains is in units of kg.
The blending ratio of institute and cow dung and sawdust is rape oil cake 20 ~ 50 parts, cow dung 40 ~ 80 parts, 10 ~ 30 parts, sawdust in described step (4); Wherein % refers to mass ratio, if 5% urea is that 5 grams, urea mixes with 95 grams of mixtures.
In described step (5), the inoculum size of head Trichosporon Behrend powder is 3% ~ 15%, and the weight of head Trichosporon Behrend powder is kg is unit, and the mixture that step (5) obtains is in units of kg.
Described subtilis Lys-979 characteristic introduction: this bacterial classification living bacteria count is high, inoculation solid fermentation microbial inoculum is greater than 20,000,000,000/g, or liquid fermentation agent is greater than 10,000,000,000/mL; Subtilis Lys-979 fermented manure quick heating, in summer, compost 2 days, just can reach more than 60 DEG C, 3-5 days in heap, compost temperature reaches more than 78 DEG C, is conducive to base-material quick composting.Winter, compost 3 days, compost temperature just can reach more than 55 DEG C, 4-5 days, and compost temperature reaches more than 65 DEG C, is conducive to base-material quick composting; Subtilis Lys-979 heatproof is high, keeps 24 hours more than 80 DEG C, and viability keeps 80%.
Technique effect:
1, take full advantage of residual grease and much starch class material in rape oil cake, for yeast provides a large amount of carbon source, greatly facilitate inorganic nitrogen in fertilizer and be converted into organonitrogen, be conducive to improving bletilla striata quality.
2, adopt high temperature to rot a large amount of weed seed in cow dung, effectively can prevent the bletilla striata from burning root situation by thermophilic fermentation and occur, be also conducive to cow dung fast deodorization.
3, by Secondary Fermentation, avoid the loss of the materials such as ammonium chloride in thermophilic fermentation process, be conducive to the content improving available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in fertilizer, simultaneously nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium by microbial cells mass storage again, ensure that the long-lasting of fertilizer.
4, have employed the organic matters such as a large amount of cow dung, sawdust, rape oil cake, these organic matters, containing a large amount of Mierocrystalline celluloses, are also conducive to improving Soil structure, promote that bletilla striata stem tuber system grows fast.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described, and following examples are intended to the present invention instead of limitation of the invention further are described.
Embodiment 1
Subtilis Lys-979 screens: weed separating obtained high temperature resistant genus bacillus Lys-979 the maize straw of the wet heap of garden high temperature, straw, tobacco rod heap from Agricultural University Of Hunan, through identification of morphology and 16SRNA evolutionary tree Molecular Identification, bacterial strain Lys-979 is subtilis (Bacillussubtilis).Subtilis Lys-979 is preserved in China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center, preserving number: CGMCCNo.11333 on September 8th, 2015.Subtilis Lys-979 slant culture based formulas: yeast extract paste 0.5%, glucose 2.0%, agar powder 0.7%, pH7.0, water 250mL, 121 DEG C of sterilizing 25min; 40 DEG C, cultivate 12 ~ 18 hours; The liquid culture based formulas of this bacterium and fermentation condition: inoculated bacterial strain Lys-979 test tube slant in a ring to 4 bottle 500mL triangular flask, culture medium prescription is yeast extract paste 0.5%, glucose 2.0%, pH7.0, water 250mL, 121 DEG C of sterilizing 25min; 40 DEG C, 200rpm fermentation 12 ~ 18 hours, in fermented liquid, bacterium number reaches 50 ~ 10,000,000,000/mL.
Embodiment 2
750kg cow dung and 250kg sawdust are mixed, controls the water content of this mixture 30% ~ 50%.Inoculation 80L subtilis Lys-979 fermented liquid, mixes rear plastic film covering and is incubated.The temperature of mixture is controlled more than 50 DEG C, fermentation time 8 days.Add rape oil cake 400kg after fermentation ends again to carry out being mixed to get mixture, then in mixture, add final concentration be 2.5% ammonium chloride, 2.5% saltpetre, 1.5% SODIUM PHOSPHATE, MONOBASIC, stir.Inoculate head trichosporon powder 80kg, after stirring by the water content control of this mixture 30% ~ 50%, temperature controls at 20 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C, stirs fermentation time 5 days.After head Trichosporon Behrend fermentation ends, the bacterial manure with yeasty notes directly applies land for growing field crops, and also can add water is a granulated into granular fertilizers, for potted plant.
Comparative examples 2
750kg cow dung and 250kg sawdust are mixed, then add the mixing of 400kg rape oil cake, adding final concentration is 2.5% ammonium chloride, 2.5% saltpetre, 1.5% SODIUM PHOSPHATE, MONOBASIC, controls the water content of this mixture 30% ~ 50%.Inoculation 80L subtilis Lys-979 fermented liquid, inoculation head Trichosporon Behrend powder 80kg, mixes the insulation of rear plastic film covering, the temperature of mixture is controlled more than 50 DEG C, fermentation time 13 days.
Comparative examples 3
750kg cow dung and 250kg sawdust are mixed, then add the mixing of 400kg rape oil cake, adding final concentration is 2.5% ammonium chloride, 2.5% saltpetre, 1.5% SODIUM PHOSPHATE, MONOBASIC, controls the water content of this mixture 30% ~ 50%.Inoculation 80L subtilis Lys-979 fermented liquid, inoculation head Trichosporon Behrend powder 80kg, mixes.
Embodiment 3
1200kg cow dung and 400kg sawdust are mixed, controls the water content of this mixture 30% ~ 50%.Inoculation 140L subtilis Lys-979 fermented liquid, mixes rear plastic film covering and is incubated.The temperature of mixture is controlled more than 50 DEG C, fermentation time 8 days.Add rape oil cake 800kg after fermentation ends again to carry out being mixed to get mixture, then in mixture, add final concentration be 2.5% ammonium chloride, 2.5% saltpetre, 2% SODIUM PHOSPHATE, MONOBASIC, stir.Inoculate head trichosporon powder 170kg, after stirring by the water content control of this mixture 30% ~ 50%, temperature controls at 20 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C, stirs fermentation time 6 days.After head Trichosporon Behrend fermentation ends, the bacterial manure with yeasty notes directly applies land for growing field crops, and also can add water is a granulated into granular fertilizers, for potted plant.
Embodiment 4
1500kg cow dung and 600kg sawdust are mixed, controls the water content of this mixture 30% ~ 50%.Inoculation 160L subtilis Lys-979 fermented liquid, mixes rear plastic film covering and is incubated.The temperature of mixture is controlled more than 50 DEG C, fermentation time 8 days.Add rape oil cake 900kg after fermentation ends again to carry out being mixed to get mixture, then in mixture, add final concentration be 2.5% ammonium chloride, 2.5% saltpetre, 2.5% SODIUM PHOSPHATE, MONOBASIC, stir.Inoculate head trichosporon powder 180kg, after stirring by the water content control of this mixture 30% ~ 50%, temperature controls at 20 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C, stirs fermentation time 5 days.After head Trichosporon Behrend fermentation ends, the bacterial manure with yeasty notes directly applies land for growing field crops, and also can add water is a granulated into granular fertilizers, for potted plant.
Organic nitrogen content measures, and adopt Kjeldahl determination to measure, blank is non-leavened prod.Gained sample is carried out each sampling, each measurement index samples 50 grams, and by each analytic sample when pre-treatment, the water adding 200mL carries out more than immersion 30min, and 10000rpm more than high speed centrifugation 10min, removes supernatant, gets precipitation and carries out measuring each index.
Table 1
Claims (6)
1. the bio-organic fertilizer being applicable to bletilla striata cultivation is made up of with following weight part each raw material composition: through subtilis Lys-979 thermophilic fermentation 3 ~ 10 days after cow dung 40 ~ 80 parts, the mixing of 10 ~ 30 parts, sawdust, fermentation after product adds 20 ~ 50 portions of vegetable seed oil cakes to carry out being mixed to get mixture, in mixture, add final concentration is again 0.5% ~ 5% ammonium chloride, 0.5% ~ 5% saltpetre, 0.5% ~ 5% SODIUM PHOSPHATE, MONOBASIC, then within 3 ~ 6 days, namely obtains finished product through head Trichosporon Behrend normal temperature fermentation.
2. bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein each material composition forms with following weight part: through subtilis Lys-979 thermophilic fermentation 5 ~ 7 days after cow dung 50 ~ 70 parts, the mixing of 15 ~ 25 parts, sawdust, fermentation after product adds 25 ~ 35 portions of vegetable seed oil cakes to carry out being mixed to get mixture, in mixture, add final concentration is again 1% ~ 3% ammonium chloride, 1% ~ 3% saltpetre, 0.5% ~ 1.5% SODIUM PHOSPHATE, MONOBASIC, after stirring, then within 3 ~ 6 days, namely obtain finished product through head Trichosporon Behrend normal temperature fermentation.
3. bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein each material composition forms with following weight part: through subtilis Lys-979 thermophilic fermentation 5 ~ 7 days after cow dung 60 parts, the mixing of 20 parts, sawdust, fermentation after product adds 30 portions of vegetable seed oil cakes to carry out being mixed to get mixture, in mixture, add final concentration is again 2% ammonium chloride, 2.5% saltpetre, 1.5% SODIUM PHOSPHATE, MONOBASIC, after stirring, then within 5 ~ 6 days, namely obtain finished product through head Trichosporon Behrend normal temperature fermentation.
4., according to the preparation technology of the bio-organic fertilizer of the applicable bletilla striata cultivation of claims 1 to 3, its concrete steps comprise as follows:
(1) cow dung and sawdust are mixed by a certain percentage, control the water content of this mixture 30% ~ 50%;
(2) inoculate subtilis Lys-979 fermented liquid, inoculum size is 1% ~ 10% mass ratio, mixes rear plastic film covering and is incubated.
(3) temperature of mixture is controlled more than 50 DEG C, fermentation time 3 ~ 10 days.
(4) add rape oil cake 20 ~ 40 parts to subtilis Lys-979 fermentation after product again to carry out being mixed to get mixture, in mixture, add final concentration is again 0.5% ~ 5% ammonium chloride, 0.5% ~ 5% saltpetre, 0.5% ~ 5% SODIUM PHOSPHATE, MONOBASIC, stirs.
(5) inoculate head Trichosporon Behrend powder, after stirring by the water content control of this mixture 30% ~ 50%, temperature controls at 20 DEG C ~ more than 30 DEG C, fermentation time 3 ~ 6 days.
(6) after being terminated by yeast fermentation, the bacterial manure with yeasty notes directly applies land for growing field crops, and also can add water is a granulated into granular fertilizers, for potted plant.
5. fertilizer product manufacture craft according to claim 4, wherein in step (2), the inoculum size of Lys-979 fermented liquid is 1% ~ 10%, and the volume of this fermented liquid is L is unit, and the mixture that step (1) obtains is in units of kg.
6. fertilizer product manufacture craft according to claim 4, the blending ratio of institute and cow dung and sawdust is rape oil cake 20 ~ 50 parts, cow dung 40 ~ 80 parts, 10 ~ 30 parts, sawdust in step (4).
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| CN106747829A (en) * | 2017-01-25 | 2017-05-31 | 施秉县富民高新农业发展有限公司 | A kind of preparation method for effectively improving bletilla yield fertilizer |
| CN106747737A (en) * | 2017-01-24 | 2017-05-31 | 贵州省武陵山药用植物白芨开发有限公司 | A kind of special organic bio-fertilizer of the bletilla striata and its preparation technology |
| CN107027476A (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2017-08-11 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of wild cordate houttuynia |
| CN107651982A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-02-02 | 滨州腾达生态农业旅游开发有限公司 | A kind of kitchen waste oil compost method |
| CN108530218A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2018-09-14 | 贵州元亨利农业科技开发有限公司 | A kind of bletilla striata organic fertilizer and its processing method |
| CN108863481A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2018-11-23 | 贵州元亨利农业科技开发有限公司 | A kind of bletilla striata fertilizer and its processing method |
| CN113519551A (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2021-10-22 | 贵州省植物园（贵州省园林科学研究所、贵州省植物研究所） | Application of mixed nitrogen in promoting growth of rhizoma bletillae and improving photosynthetic efficiency and polysaccharide accumulation |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106747737A (en) * | 2017-01-24 | 2017-05-31 | 贵州省武陵山药用植物白芨开发有限公司 | A kind of special organic bio-fertilizer of the bletilla striata and its preparation technology |
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| CN107651982A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-02-02 | 滨州腾达生态农业旅游开发有限公司 | A kind of kitchen waste oil compost method |
| CN108530218A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2018-09-14 | 贵州元亨利农业科技开发有限公司 | A kind of bletilla striata organic fertilizer and its processing method |
| CN108863481A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2018-11-23 | 贵州元亨利农业科技开发有限公司 | A kind of bletilla striata fertilizer and its processing method |
| CN113519551A (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2021-10-22 | 贵州省植物园（贵州省园林科学研究所、贵州省植物研究所） | Application of mixed nitrogen in promoting growth of rhizoma bletillae and improving photosynthetic efficiency and polysaccharide accumulation |
| CN113519551B (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2022-08-05 | 贵州省植物园（贵州省园林科学研究所、贵州省植物研究所） | Application of mixed nitrogen in promoting growth of rhizoma bletillae and improving photosynthetic efficiency and polysaccharide accumulation |
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Application publication date: 20160203 |