CN113956097A - Preparation method of disease-resistant biological nano selenium fertilizer for rice - Google Patents
Preparation method of disease-resistant biological nano selenium fertilizer for rice Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a disease-resistant biological nano selenium fertilizer for rice, which comprises the following steps: (1) b, expanding propagation of the bacillus subtilis; (2) fermenting the biological nano selenium fertilizer: mixing Bacillus subtilis and sterilized corn flour, stirring, sequentially adding chitosan and sodium selenite solution, and making into strip stack for fermentation; during the fermentation process, the pile is turned for 1-2 times every day, water is added according to the condition, and the humidity is kept at 40% -50%; fermenting for 15-20 days until the color of the stack turns from yellow to brick red; air-drying until the water content is 15-25%, and extruding and granulating to obtain the finished biological nano selenium fertilizer. In the selenium fertilizer prepared by the method, the elemental selenium is nano-scale, and the nano-selenium is non-toxic and stable, has higher bioactivity and is easier to be absorbed and transported by plants.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop fertilizers, relates to preparation of a rice selenium fertilizer, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a disease-resistant biological nano selenium fertilizer for rice.
Background
Selenium is a trace element necessary for human and animal bodies and is an important component of part of antioxidant enzyme and selenoprotein in human bodies. Research shows that selenium has various important physiological functions, and the selenium deficiency of human bodies can cause various diseases such as keshan disease, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, cancer, hypertension and the like. Selenium cannot be produced in the body, and the selenium required by the human body can only be taken in from food. 72% of China belongs to selenium-deficient or low-selenium areas, and about two thirds of people in China have insufficient selenium intake in different degrees. Although selenium is not a necessary nutrient element for plants, the plants are a key link in the natural selenium ecological cycle and a direct source of selenium for human bodies, the content of selenium in natural foods is generally low, and biological enhancement by a selenium enrichment technology is a common selenium supplement mode at present. Selenium is also a beneficial element required by plant growth, can stimulate the growth and development of plants, seed germination and improve root system activity, promote nutrient absorption and plant metabolism, improve photosynthesis and chlorophyll content, enhance the biological antioxidation and resistance of plants to environmental stress, improve the disease resistance and stress resistance of crops, and has the function of antagonizing heavy metals.
The selenium fertilizers on the market are of a few types, and can be divided into inorganic selenium-rich fertilizers, organic selenium-rich fertilizers and novel selenium-rich fertilizers appearing in recent years according to chemical components of the fertilizers. The selenium-rich inorganic fertilizer is prepared by adding sodium selenate, sodium selenite, selenium mineral powder and the like into inorganic fertilizer serving as a carrier, but the inorganic selenium-rich fertilizer has high investment and is easy to pollute the environment, and the inorganic selenium-rich fertilizer is easy to lose due to water dissolution and microbial metabolism, so that the utilization rate of the selenium-rich fertilizer is reduced, and the inorganic selenium-rich fertilizer has certain limitation in production and application; the selenium-rich organic fertilizer is prepared by adding sodium selenite into fermented and decomposed organic fertilizer or organic fertilizer fermentation liquor, or adding sodium selenite and fermenting together with the organic fertilizer, and the organic selenium-rich fertilizer is used as a soil conditioner, so that the utilization rate is high and the effect is remarkable in the aspect of culturing selenium-rich crops.
However, the beneficial and harmful range of selenium to plants is narrow, the plants are damaged by excessive selenium application to reduce the yield, and the purpose of producing selenium-rich crops cannot be achieved by insufficient selenium application; although the selenium sprayed on the leaf surfaces is easy to absorb, the selenium mostly exists in an inorganic state in the plant body, is not easy to be absorbed and utilized by the human body, and easily generates toxic action on the plant; although selenium application in soil is beneficial to the production of crops rich in organic selenium, selenium is easily fixed by soil, particularly by iron-manganese oxides in acid soil. Therefore, the development of a safe and efficient selenium fertilizer is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the preparation method of the disease-resistant biological nano selenium fertilizer for rice.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a disease-resistant biological nano selenium fertilizer for rice comprises the following steps:
(1) b, expanding propagation of the bacillus subtilis;
(2) fermenting the biological nano selenium fertilizer: mixing Bacillus subtilis and sterilized corn flour, stirring, sequentially adding chitosan and sodium selenite solution, and making into strip pile for fermentation at 25-35 deg.C; during the fermentation process, the pile is turned for 1-2 times every day, water is added according to the condition, and the humidity is kept at 40% -50%; fermenting for 15-20 days until the color of the stack turns from yellow to brick red; air-drying until the water content is 15-25%, and extruding and granulating to obtain the finished biological nano selenium fertilizer.
Further, during the propagation of the bacillus subtilis, the culture medium comprises 15g/L peptone, 5g/L yeast powder and 5g/L sodium chloride, the fermentation process is carried out for 24 hours in a shaking table or a fermentation tank at 28 ℃, and the using time is within 7 days after the fermentation is finished.
Further, during fermentation of the biological nano selenium fertilizer, the weight ratio of the corn flour to the bacillus subtilis to the chitosan to the sodium selenite in the sodium selenite solution is 1: 0.05-0.1: 0.001: 0.01-0.02.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention organizes inorganic selenium to realize the high-efficiency, energy-saving, harmless and low-cost production and application of the selenium fertilizer.
The invention produces biological nano selenium by converting inorganic selenium salt (sodium selenite) through functional bacteria (bacillus subtilis), and then compounds the biological nano selenium into an organic fertilizer to produce a novel biological nano selenium-enriched fertilizer.
The fertilizer prepared by the invention contains a large amount of biological nano selenium which is easy to be absorbed by plants, and the organic selenium is accumulated in the plants after the biological nano selenium-rich fertilizer is applied to rice and the plants are transformed.
The selenium fertilizer has the functions of enriching nutrients and activating enzyme activity, improves the utilization rate of nitrogen and the absorption conversion rate of selenium, can improve the content of selenium in soil, improves the yield of crops, improves the content of organic selenium in agricultural products, and has the characteristics of high quality, selenium enrichment, greenness, environmental protection and the like.
The biological nano selenium-rich fertilizer disclosed by the invention is applied to the growth of rice, can increase the yield of the rice and improve the quality of the rice, and has the characteristics of high quality, selenium-rich property, green property and the like.
The invention adopts bacillus subtilis as functional bacteria to convert inorganic selenium into nano-grade selenium which is easy to be absorbed and utilized by plants, and the nano-selenium exists in the forms of organic selenium such as selenoprotein, selenoglycan and the like through the absorption and the transportation of the plants, so that the biological activity function of the organic selenium and the inorganic selenium can be fully exerted after the nano-selenium is absorbed by the plants.
The chitosan is added into the selenium fertilizer, so that the crop autoimmune capability can be excited, the resistance is improved, the application of pesticides is reduced, and the selenium fertilizer meets the requirement of green sustainable development.
In the fermentation process of the biological nano selenium fertilizer, bacterial colony grows and reduces selenium, the color is changed into brick red, and the fermentation process can be conveniently observed through color conversion.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a comparison of the present invention before and after a laboratory stage fermentation.
Detailed Description
Examples
(1) B, expanding propagation of the bacillus subtilis: the culture medium is 15g/L peptone, 5g/L yeast powder and 5g/L sodium chloride, and is fermented for 24h at 28 ℃ in a shaking table or a fermentation tank for use within 7 days after fermentation.
(2) Fermenting the biological nano selenium fertilizer: mixing Bacillus subtilis and sterilized corn flour, stirring, sequentially adding chitosan and sodium selenite solution, making into 3m long, 1m wide and 50cm high strips, stacking, and fermenting at 25-35 deg.C, and covering with a gauze layer to ensure safety; during the fermentation process, the pile is turned for 1-2 times every day, water is added according to the condition, and the humidity is kept at 40% -50%; fermenting for 15-20 days until the color of the stack turns from yellow to brick red; air-drying until the water content is 15-25%, and extruding and granulating to obtain the finished biological nano selenium fertilizer. Wherein the weight ratio of the corn flour to the bacillus subtilis to the chitosan to the sodium selenite in the sodium selenite solution is 1: 0.05-0.1: 0.001: 0.01-0.02.
Application example
The method is characterized in that a field block with consistent growth vigor is selected as a test field in a high-yield field, the rice variety is Nanjing 9108, 7 treatments are applied to biological selenium fertilizer application, the treatment design is shown in table 1, the use amount is calculated according to the area of a demonstration field, the biological selenium fertilizer is evenly applied to the field, plastic plates are used as ridge intervals among cells, and other measures are the same as those of a large field.
TABLE 1 demonstration of rice bio-selenium fertilizer application
And (4) observing statistical items:
1. after spraying, the growth vigor and the growth phase of the plants, particularly the color change of leaves, are observed.
2. After the rice is mature, 5-hole plant plants are taken from each cell and brought back indoors. The grain number per ear, thousand grain weight, setting percentage, etc. were investigated. Analyzing the influence of spraying the biological selenium-rich fertilizer on the rice yield.
3. And (4) measuring the selenium content in the leaves, leaf sheaths, stems and grains of the plants. The influence of spraying the biological selenium-rich fertilizer on the distribution of selenium in main organs of the rice body is analyzed, and the distribution rule of spraying the selenium fertilizer in the rice body at the later stage is researched.
And (4) observing a statistical result:
1. 9, month and 7 days: the liquid selenium fertilizer is observed to be used as a fertilizer for spraying outside roots: no obvious difference in leaf color
Solid selenium fertilizer test: people find that the clothes are red when wearing the field when the dew is heavy in the morning. The field fertilizer particles are not melted, but are soft and can be scattered by hand pressing. The test result shows that each organ of the rice has certain absorption and conduction effects on the selenium fertilizer.
2. Observation on days 9, 21: the color of the liquid selenium leaves sprayed outside the roots has no obvious difference, and the solid selenium fertilizer is designed to ensure that the color of the dew on the field clothes of two persons who wear the field clothes in the morning does not change. Partial field particles are melted, and a small part of particles are still scattered, expanded, softened and rotten.
3. The statistical results of the influence of the biological selenium fertilizer on the yield and the yield constituent factors of Nanjing 9108, the influence on the selenium fertilizer content in different organs of Nanjing 9108 and the influence on the morbidity of Nanjing 9108 seedlings are shown in tables 2, 3 and 4 respectively.
TABLE 2 influence of biological selenium fertilizer application on Nanjing 9108 yield and its yield-constituting factors
As can be seen from Table 2, the biological selenium fertilizer can significantly improve the yield of Nanjing 9108, mainly due to the improvement of thousand seed weight and seed setting rate.
TABLE 3 influence of biological selenium fertilizer on selenium fertilizer content in different organs of Nanjing 9108
As can be seen from Table 3, the biological selenium-rich fertilizer can significantly improve the selenium content in rice grains, reaches 229.04 to the maximum and meets the standard of selenium-rich rice.
TABLE 4 influence of biological selenium fertilizer on the incidence of Nanjing 9108 seedling
As can be seen from Table 4, the biological selenium-rich fertilizer has a remarkable disease-resistant effect.
Claims (3)
1. A preparation method of a disease-resistant biological nano selenium fertilizer for rice is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) b, expanding propagation of the bacillus subtilis;
(2) fermenting the biological nano selenium fertilizer: mixing Bacillus subtilis and sterilized corn flour, stirring, sequentially adding chitosan and sodium selenite solution, and making into strip pile for fermentation at 25-35 deg.C; during the fermentation process, the pile is turned for 1-2 times every day, water is added according to the condition, and the humidity is kept at 40% -50%; fermenting for 15-20 days until the color of the stack turns from yellow to brick red; air-drying until the water content is 15-25%, and extruding and granulating to obtain the finished biological nano selenium fertilizer.
2. The preparation method of the disease-resistant biological nano selenium fertilizer for rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: during the propagation of the bacillus subtilis, the culture medium comprises 15g/L peptone, 5g/L yeast powder and 5g/L sodium chloride, the fermentation process is carried out for 24 hours in a shaking table or a fermentation tank at 28 ℃, and the use time is within 7 days after the fermentation is finished.
3. The preparation method of the disease-resistant biological nano selenium fertilizer for rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: when the biological nano selenium fertilizer is fermented, the weight ratio of the corn flour, the bacillus subtilis, the chitosan and the sodium selenite in the sodium selenite solution is 1: 0.05-0.1: 0.001: 0.01-0.02.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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