CN105190794A - 具有改善电绝缘的层的电工钢片以及其制造方法 - Google Patents
具有改善电绝缘的层的电工钢片以及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种具有改善电绝缘的层(14)的电工钢片(11)以及其制造方法。根据本发明，该层(14)由氧化钛或氧化钽构成，其中电工钢片(11)的内部邻接有扩散区(15)，该扩散区富集有钽或钛。其优点在于该层更好地附着在电工钢片(11)上。另外，扩散区(15)的钽或钛还可以作为储库来使用，该储库引起该层(14)受损部分的自发钝化。因此，即使在所述层(14)受损的情况下也确保了防腐。另外，本发明涉及一种用于以所述方式制造电工钢片的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有改善电绝缘的层的电工钢片。
背景技术
根据现有技术，这样的电工钢片例如在制造定子时用于电力驱动。所用的材料通过标准EN10106(自1995)来监管。该标准中所提及的材料得到各种各样的产品范围，由此可以满足不同应用的要求。可使用的材料的范围从具有优异的导磁性、良好的导热性和可冲压性的低合金钢到在较高频率下也具有非常低的反复磁化损耗的高合金钢。该标准的合金包含铜(<＝0.02％)、锰(<＝1.2％)、硅(0.1-4.4％)、铝(0.1-4.4％)、磷(<＝0.15％)、锌(<＝0.2％)和锑(<＝0.2％)作为合金成分，其中由硅含量和两倍铝含量组成的总和<5％。铁构成了该合金的基础。
为了改善电工钢片的特性，开发了改善单个钢片层之间的绝缘以及加工性的涂层。所应用的材料的特定性能必须考虑到例如防腐、电绝缘、对可冲压性的影响、耐热性或可焊接性的影响因素。用于电工钢片的涂层可从标准EN10342(2005年)中得到。
然而，正如所示的那样，可在以上述标准中获得的电工钢片及其涂层不适用于所有使用领域。尤其地，当电工钢片被暴露到诸如酸气(高的硫化氢含量)的强腐蚀性介质时，电工钢片具有被强烈腐蚀的风险。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题在于，提供一种也适合在强腐蚀性条件下使用的电工钢片。
该技术问题是采用前述的根据本发明的电工钢片如下解决的，即，该层由主要含有氧化钛或氧化钽的金属氧化物构成并且电工钢片具有扩散区，金属氧化物的金属通过扩散到该扩散区中而被扩散到电工钢片的材料中，并且该扩散区与该层交界。通过使氧化物层与扩散层交界，有利地大大改善了氧化物层的附着。金属钛或钽的应用导致了电工钢片表面上自发形成的氧化物层对于腐蚀性介质非常稳定。因此，在诸如酸气的极端腐蚀性条件下也可以使用。例如，其能够运转用于在海底区域中输送天然气的马达泵。在此出现了电工钢片的一种新的应用，所述电工钢片允许在大大有利的维护条件下使用电力设备。
如果所述借助空气氧自发形成的氧化物层不足以有效防腐，则该氧化物层可以通过电化学处理所述表面来制备(对此在下文中更多描述)。
紧贴在氧化物层上的扩散区具有两个益处。一方面扩散区改善了氧化物层的附着，因为实现了在氧化物层与电工钢片的基体材料即钢合金之间的连续过渡，这避免了应力的形成。另外，有利的可能性是，在氧化物层受损的情况下，存在于扩散层中的材料钛或钽可以被用于钝化受损位置。为此，所述相关金属扩散到表面上，在这里发生重新钝化。由此有利地保持了腐蚀保护。
根据本发明的一种实施方式，所设置的是，该层的厚度至少为5μm且最大为10μm。在此氧化物层的层厚是这样的层厚，其能够实现有效的防腐并且在其制备中由于小的厚度而有利地需要低的制备耗费和低的材料使用。
根据本发明的另一种实施方式，所设置的是，在从与该层的交界面起2μm的距离内，扩散区的钛或钽含量大于50重量％。在此合金含量是这样的合金含量，其有利地仍然允许将钛或钽通过扩散来输送到受损位置(正如已经描述的)。在此，直接在氧化物层之下也可以发生高达100％的钛或钽含量。随着与电工钢片表面的距离增大，在电工钢片基体(合金钢)中的钛或钽含量减少，从而能够利用改善氧化物层的附着的功效。
另外，本发明涉及用于处理电工钢片的方法，其中用改善电绝缘的层涂覆电工钢片。对此已经在现有技术中描述。基于此，本发明要解决的技术问题在于，提供一种方法，采用该方法能够实现电工钢片的处理，并且该方法得到的产品在强腐蚀影响下也确保足够的腐蚀保护。
根据本发明，该技术问题是采用所提及的方法如下解决的，即，在第一步骤中在电工钢片的表面上制备扩散区，其中作为金属的钽或钛扩散到所述表面中。在第二步骤中，该金属，即钽或钛，在所述表面上转变为相关的金属氧化物，即氧化钛或氧化钽，其中由所述金属氧化物形成层并且所述金属氧化物的金属的残余含量留在扩散区中。由此产生已然在上文中描述的氧化物层，其具有突出的抗腐蚀性。通过使所述金属氧化物的金属的残余含量留在扩散区中，正如已然所述的，改善了氧化物层的附着。另外，由于扩散区而出现了相应材料的储库，该储库在氧化物层受损时用来通过自发钝化而治愈该受损部分。
根据本发明的一种实施方式，所设置的是，在形成该层之前，在从与该层的交界面起5μm的距离内，扩散区具有大于50重量％的钛或钽含量。不言而喻的是，扩散区在该层形成之前必须具有较大的含高浓度的钛或钽的区域，因为由于钛或钽的氧化，之前形成的扩散层的一部分被转化为氧化物层。为了在该氧化过程之后电工钢片的基体中仍然具有足够的材料用于修复氧化物层，钛或钽的百分率因此必须足够高。
有利地，所提及的方法可以这样实施，即，第一步骤作为具有随后的热处理的PVD工艺来进行。PVD工艺是以有利的方式容易操作的。通过使用适合的靶材可使钛和钽都沉积在钢上。例如，为了制备工具涂层，以反复的方式通过PVD方法来沉积钛，其中这通常在反应性的氮气氛中进行从而能够制备氮化钛。如果相反地选择惰性气体气氛，沉积的则是纯钛。同样，钽也可容易地沉积在钢上。这样的方法例如描述于EP77535A1中。钛的沉积例如可以通过喷涂或粉末涂覆来进行，正如使用编号1978-43006A从Derwent摘要中获得的。粉末工艺也被称为包覆工艺，其中在此扩散层是通过钽向工件中的扩散而形成的。与在PVD工艺中不同，扩散层由此立即形成，然而在PVD工艺中在涂覆过程之后必须进行热处理，该热处理导致钽或钛向电工钢片的基体中的扩散。用于这样的扩散处理的参数是普遍已知的并且例如可使用编号1984-104398从Derwent摘要中获得。除了以上所述的处理方法以外，基本上还能想到的是，例如在盐浴中的电化学涂覆或者还有借助CVD的涂覆。
对于这样的情况，即，在钛或钽上自发形成的钝化层对于有效防腐并不足够，而是应当以电化学的方式制备该钝化层，则有利的是，事先将自发形成的钝化层去除。以该方式可以有利地使电化学辅助地形成钝化层不受干扰地进行。随后有利地在含氧气氛中进行热处理，其中优选地氧与该气氛条件相比也可以是富集的，以便加速氧化过程。
附图说明
接下来结合附图来描述本发明进一步的细节。唯一的图以横截面示出了根据本发明的电工钢片的实施例。
具体实施方式
从图中可见电工钢片11，其上侧12和下侧13分别设有由氧化钽构成的层14。该层14紧贴在扩散区15上，该扩散区具有与氧化钽层12的共同交界面16。在该交界面后，扩散区中的钽的浓度大大超过50％。朝着电工钢片11的内部，该浓度一直下降，直到该浓度为0重量％。因此在实际的电工钢片11与扩散区15之间的界限并不能真正地展示出。在该图中展示出的却是其中钽在电工钢片11的结构中的浓度为超过50％的区域。
Claims (8)
1.一种具有改善电绝缘的层(14)的电工钢片(11)，其特征在于，所述层(14)由主要含有氧化钛或氧化钽的金属氧化物构成并且电工钢片(11)具有扩散区(15)，所述金属氧化物的金属通过扩散到该所述扩散区中而被扩散到电工钢片的材料中，并且所述扩散区与所述层(14)交界。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电工钢片，其特征在于，所述层(14)的厚度至少为5μm且最大为10μm。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的电工钢片，其特征在于，在与所述层(14)的交界面起2μm的距离内，扩散区(15)的钛或钽含量大于50重量％。
4.一种用于处理电工钢片的方法，其中给所述电工钢片(11)涂覆改善电绝缘的层(14)，其特征在于，
-在第一步骤中，在电工钢片(11)的表面上制备扩散区(15)，其中作为金属的钽或钛扩散到所述表面中，和
-在第二步骤中，金属钽或钛在所述表面上转变为相关的金属氧化物氧化钛或氧化钽，其中由所述金属氧化物形成层(14)并且所述金属氧化物的金属残余含量留在扩散区(15)中。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，在形成所述层之前，在与所述层(14)的交界面起5μm的距离内，扩散区(15)的钛或钽含量大于50重量％。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的方法，其特征在于，第一步骤是作为具有随后的热处理的PVD工艺来进行的。
7.根据权利要求4至6中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在实施第二步骤之前，将自发形成的钝化层去除。
8.根据权利要求4至7中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，第二步骤是在含氧气氛中作为热处理来进行的。
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| PCT/EP2014/057879 WO2014180646A1 (de) | 2013-05-10 | 2014-04-17 | Elektroblech mit einer die elektrische isolation verbessernden schicht und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
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| CN116731543A (zh) * | 2023-07-24 | 2023-09-12 | 无锡普天铁心股份有限公司 | 一种新型环保取向硅钢绝缘涂液及其制备方法和应用 |
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| KR102176346B1 (ko) * | 2018-11-30 | 2020-11-09 | 주식회사 포스코 | 전기강판 및 그 제조 방법 |
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| WO2014180646A1 (de) | 2014-11-13 |
| BR112015027423A2 (pt) | 2017-07-25 |
| RU2635501C2 (ru) | 2017-11-13 |
| CN105190794B (zh) | 2018-12-07 |
| US9959959B2 (en) | 2018-05-01 |
| RU2015148135A (ru) | 2017-06-16 |
| CA2911552A1 (en) | 2014-11-13 |
| AU2014264849A1 (en) | 2015-11-19 |
| AU2014264849B2 (en) | 2016-10-13 |
| EP2979281B1 (de) | 2019-06-12 |
| SA515370121B1 (ar) | 2018-04-18 |
| EP2979281A1 (de) | 2016-02-03 |
| DE102013208617A1 (de) | 2014-11-13 |
| US20160125986A1 (en) | 2016-05-05 |
| CA2911552C (en) | 2017-12-05 |
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