CN105179860A - 多层管道的联接件、焊接装置、联接方法及其所得组件 - Google Patents
多层管道的联接件、焊接装置、联接方法及其所得组件 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105179860A CN105179860A CN201510458226.0A CN201510458226A CN105179860A CN 105179860 A CN105179860 A CN 105179860A CN 201510458226 A CN201510458226 A CN 201510458226A CN 105179860 A CN105179860 A CN 105179860A
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- coupling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
- B29C65/20—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror"
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
- B29C66/124—Tongue and groove joints
- B29C66/1244—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the male part, i.e. the part comprising the tongue
- B29C66/12441—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the male part, i.e. the part comprising the tongue being a single wall
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
- B29C66/124—Tongue and groove joints
- B29C66/1246—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove
- B29C66/12463—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove being tapered
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
- B29C66/124—Tongue and groove joints
- B29C66/1246—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove
- B29C66/12469—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove being asymmetric
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
- B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
- B29C66/5221—Joining tubular articles for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the tubular articles to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
- B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
- B29C66/5229—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
- B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
- B29C66/5229—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
- B29C66/52291—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket comprising a stop
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
- B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
- B29C66/5229—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
- B29C66/52291—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket comprising a stop
- B29C66/52293—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket comprising a stop said stop being external
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
- B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
- B29C66/5229—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
- B29C66/52295—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket comprising reinforcements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/63—Internally supporting the article during joining
- B29C66/636—Internally supporting the article during joining using a support which remains in the joined object
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
- B29C66/7232—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
- B29C66/72321—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of metals or their alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/97—Checking completion of joining or correct joining by using indications on at least one of the joined parts
- B29C66/972—Checking completion of joining or correct joining by using indications on at least one of the joined parts by extrusion of molten material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/97—Checking completion of joining or correct joining by using indications on at least one of the joined parts
- B29C66/974—Checking completion of joining or correct joining by using indications on at least one of the joined parts by checking the bead or burr form
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L47/00—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics
- F16L47/02—Welded joints; Adhesive joints
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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- B29C66/816—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2023/04—Polymers of ethylene
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2305/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, as reinforcement
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2701/00—Use of unspecified macromolecular compounds for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
- B29K2701/12—Thermoplastic materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29L2009/00—Layered products
- B29L2009/003—Layered products comprising a metal layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Branch Pipes, Bends, And The Like (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
- Quick-Acting Or Multi-Walled Pipe Joints (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及多层管道的联接件、焊接装置、联接方法及其所得组件。用于多层管道(28)的外端部的联接件(1),包括在外侧部上设置有径向地直立的壁(4)的联接管(2),其中壁在轴向方向上在距主体的外侧部一径向距离处被加宽,其中联接管的外侧部、直立的壁和加宽部分包围环形插入空间(22),管道的外端部可以直接地插入到该环形插入空间(22)中,其中联接管的内壁用具有比联接管的材料的强度大的强度的毗邻增强层(50)来增强,并且该层设置有轴向接合元件(52),而内壁设置有相应于并且连接于接合元件的轴向连接元件(26)。
Description
本申请是申请日为2011年9月1日,申请号为201180042542.X,发明名称为“多层管道的联接件、焊接装置、联接方法及其所得组件”的申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及用于多层管道的联接件(couplingpiece),特别地涉及适合于承插焊接(国际术语:多重熔合焊接(polyfusionwelding))的用于多层管道的联接件。
背景技术
对于许多应用,例如水的排放和水、气体和化学物质的供应来说,用于塑料管道系统(PCS)的多层管道被认为是钢和铜的替代形式。多层管道可以包括不同类型的塑料,具有例如内嵌在塑料中的铝的基础,以用于改进压力阻力的目的。主要使用热塑性塑料,例如聚丙烯(PP)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚丁烯(PB)以及有时PVC。系统的安装包括形成管和连接件、联接器和/或配件的组合。配件的类型也决定了必须被使用的工具的性质。被很多地使用的是由具有铝基础层的PE管构建的多层管。基础层在此在外侧和内侧上覆盖有塑料。
这些系统具有60%的估计市场份额,其主要在建筑环境中使用。这些系统的大的优点是,其可以以保持形状的方式弯曲,正如铜管道,然而相比之下,其在重量上是较轻的并且是较不昂贵的。
最令人关注的开发涉及设置有铝内层的聚乙烯管,该铝内层包括在任一侧的一层聚乙烯。这样的管是柔性的并且具有用于预期应用的已证明强度。特别地令人关注的是基于PE-RT(PE提高的温度,Dowlex的产品)的管,其可以抗90-95℃的温度并且可以被施加高至10巴的压力。
这些已知系统的缺点是配件或联接器是昂贵的或者在产生联接方面是消耗时间的。
用途是例如制造密封件,其借助于联接件上的O形环而获得。联接件被插入或推动到管道或管中。联接件然后被借助于套筒使用在管道或管上的大的力挤压关闭。
作为可选择的联接,推动连接也可用于具有铝基础的管道或管。虽然这些是实用的,但是其另一方面是昂贵的,并且除了明显的便利之外,还具有由于O形环而产生的相当大的泄漏风险。
此外,焊接配件的使用是已知的,其中联接件和用于联接的管道的外端部被使用焊接装置加热,使得用于联接的部分变成塑料。该技术被称为多重熔合焊接或承插焊接。在可塑状态下,通过把用于联接的部分靠着彼此按压或把其滑动在一起并且允许其冷却,该部分然后被熔合。
焊接装置通常是设置有加热元件和作为热源的矛状物(lance)的手工工具,该加热元件也被称为焊接心轴和焊接衬套,其可以被安装在外端部上。焊接心轴和焊接衬套被成形为使得它们装配至分别的联接件和管道外端部的必须被熔合在一起的接触表面上。在加热之后,两个部分在可塑状态下被推动到彼此中,使得重叠的接触表面熔合在一起,其中形成连接焊接部或焊接肋(weldrib)。在冷却之后获得持久焊接部。该技术具有可以使用简单工具以及可以迅速地进行操作(每个操作仅持续几秒)的优点。
可以被用于借助于承插焊接来联接多层管道的联接件从专利公布JP07301374已知。管道的外端部在此被推动到联接件的环形空间中,其中管道的外端部与联接件熔合。管道的外端部被事先调整以能够突出到环形空间中。为了该目的,管道外端部的厚度通过除去外表面和内表面的一部分而减小。
这种方法的显著缺点与多层管道的结构相关:该多层管道通常设置有较厚的内层、薄的外层以及在其之间的金属层,这些层被两个粘合剂层互相连接。整个管由五个层构建:外层、粘合剂层、铝、粘合剂层和内层。所有的这些层都提供对压力和温度的抵抗。外层比内层薄。外层可以被给予比内层薄的形式,因为负荷在管道的外侧部上比在内侧部上不大,其中例如在90-95℃的PE-RT温度和施加高至10巴的压力的情况下。通过把外层保持为薄的,产品是较不昂贵、较不大量并且较低重量的。外层的功能是形成抵抗来自于大气的氧气的保护性层,使得不会发生金属层的腐蚀。
在新开发的PE管中,目标因此是在铝层的任一侧上的可能最薄的PE层。具有铝基础层的PE-RT管可以例如在16mm的直径处允许0.3mm的PE-RT的外层。PE-RT的内层是1.2mm并且管的包括粘合剂层的总体壁厚度是2.0mm。
在这样的多层管道与如根据JP'374的联接件的联接中,已经发现,损失了外层的完整性:除去外层的一部分并且同时仍然具有足以覆盖金属层的外层在技术上不是容易地实现的。因此具有管道的金属层的一部分变得暴露的增加风险,由此可能发生金属层的非期望腐蚀。
第二个问题在多重熔合焊接到管道端部期间在联接管的出口处发生。联接管的出口在此突出到管道外端部中,其中出口在某种程度上成为可塑的。联接管的出口以此趋于向内弯曲至已经插入该联接管的管道外端部的内侧。这引起在联接管的出口和管道的内侧部之间的间隙形成,由此粘合是不完全的。这可以达到出口向内坍塌并且因此阻挡穿过联接管的通路的程度。该问题经常在联接管的小外径(例如小于25mm)的情况下或在联接管的长加热时间的情况下发生。
由于间隙形成,在任何情况下都得到向管道的内壁的不完美焊接,其中管道可以由于污垢在所形成的间隙中的积聚而变得易于具有在焊接的位置处堵塞,由此其可以变成被完全或部分地阻塞。
第三个问题是,获得的在联接件和两个管道外端部之间的联接在联接件的位置处相对于各种拉力或轴向力和扭转力是机械地易受伤害的。当连接于联接件的管道外端部施加高扭转力时,联接部可能例如在加宽部分的位置处破裂和断裂。
发明内容
本发明的目的是通过提供适合于通过多重熔合焊接以简单且迅速的方式形成向管道外端部的持久且可靠的联接部的联接件来完全或部分地消除已知的现有技术联接件的缺点并且提供可能的另外的优点。
在第一方面,为了该目的,本发明提供了用于多层管道的外端部的联接件,该联接件包括在外侧部上设置有径向地直立的壁的联接管,其中壁在轴向方向上在距主体的外侧部一径向距离处被加宽,其中联接管的外侧部、直立的壁和加宽部分包围环形插入空间,管道的外端部可以直接地插入到该环形插入空间中,并且其中在插入空间的入口的位置处,壁的加宽部分和联接管的外侧部之间的径向距离是使得其大于或等于管道的壁厚度,其中联接管的内壁用由具有比联接管的材料的强度大的强度的增强塑料或金属制成的毗邻增强层来增强,并且该层设置有轴向接合元件,而内壁设置有相应于并且连接于接合元件的轴向连接元件。
内壁的这样的增强赋予联接件更大的机械强度,这对于其应用来说是重要的,在该应用中,一旦联接件已经被联接于管道外端部,该联接件就被暴露于各种拉力、弯曲力和扭转力。轴向定向对抵抗弯曲力和扭转力是特别地有效的。轴向在此被理解为意指连接元件和接合元件在相对于联接管的中心轴线的轴向方向延伸。这引起两个分别的元件彼此接合,使得联接管上的弯曲力或扭转力通过这些元件被同样地施加在增强层上。增强层以此提供对这些力的另外抵抗。作为分离元件或整体元件,增强层可以与联接管形成组件。
增强层还具有在多重熔合焊接期间防止联接管的出口的向内弯曲的优点。这因此引起间隙形成被防止以及在联接件的位置处经过管道的无问题流动。
关于对用于增强层的材料的选择,增强塑料可以例如是PVDF、POM、PPSU或相似材料,并且黄铜、钢等可以例如作为金属应用。
还已经发现,当使用根据本发明的联接件时,简单的联接对于多层管来说是可能的。管道被推动在联接件上直至直立壁,并直接地装配在环形空间内侧。对管道的外端部的厚度的调整在此不是必需的,由此非常简单的多重熔合焊接方法通过本发明成为可能。
已经发现,在联接期间,金属层不会由于管道的外壁的过度变形而暴露并且在联接件的外侧部和管道的内层之间实现牢固联接。这种熔合连接被进一步增强,因为管道的外端部与直立壁和加宽部分的内侧部熔合。以这种方式生成了三个粘合表面。
所获得的熔合连接可以抵抗在其中应用PE-RT的环境(90-95℃和10巴)。熔合连接还形成用于管道外端部的金属中间层的密封层,使得该金属中间层不能够被来自于大气的氧气到达。如果必要的话,则该包围的熔合连接还可以被从外侧修复。以此确保了抗金属层的腐蚀的保护。
在根据本发明的联接件的特定实施方案中,内壁上的连接元件被实施为平行于联接管的中心轴线延伸的长形脊状物。增强层的相应的接合元件被实施为长形沟槽。其中接合元件和连接元件被分别地实施为脊状物和沟槽的相反实施方案也形成本发明的一部分。
在本发明的后续变化形式中,环形空间以使得壁的加宽部分和联接管的外侧部之间的径向距离减小至小于管道的壁厚度的值的方式在壁的方向上变窄。
这样的设计使管的外端部可能被合适地夹持在联接件的环形空间中并且可能获得最优的熔合连接。甚至更重要的是另外的效果,即在联接期间通过多重熔合焊接形成的熔合连接或焊接肋以特别的方式被变窄的空间变形。由于变窄的空间,在外壁和加宽部分之间形成的焊接肋被向外推动至某种程度,由此获得突出的焊接肋。关于此点的大的优点是,基于突出的焊接肋,使用者易于在视觉上确定所获得的焊接连接是否具有足够的品质。因此在实践中可能的是,实施对所获得的连接的立即目视检查,这节约了时间。
根据本发明的联接件有利地包括在加宽部分中的通孔。其功能是提供用于监控在环形空间中形成的焊接连接的检查孔。除了上述突出的焊接肋之外,这具有另外的有利效果,或可以是对该焊接肋的替代方案。熔合连接部的一部分可以另外刺入通孔中,这进一步增强了连接。
在根据本发明的联接件中,当从直立的壁至联接管的外端部测量时,加宽部分更优选地在轴向方向上比联接管的轴向长度小,并且优选地小四分之三或小更多。加宽部分实际上形成与管道的外壁的接触表面,并且联接管的外侧部形成与管道的内壁的接触表面。因为管道的外壁和内壁在管道的外端部插入到联接件的环形空间中期间经受剪切力,所以有利的是,把管道的外壁上的接触表面制造为相对小并且把内壁与联接件的接触表面制造为相对大。因此获得连接部的最优强度,其中管道的外壁被尽可能小地暴露于剪切力,由此金属层被外壁的保护保持完整。联接管的突出到管道中的部分的长度优选为几个厘米,而加宽部分的长度仅为几个毫米。
在根据本发明的联接件中,直立的壁和加宽部分优选地具有T形横截面。具有直立的壁和其加宽部分的这样的形式的联接件是非常易于通过注射模制来生产的,并且生成了可以在内部接纳管道的外端部的合适的环形空间。这样的设计允许管道在联接管的两个轴向端部上被推动直至壁,其中该两个连接的管道外端部仅通过联接件的壁厚度而分隔。这引起两个外端部的非常强的联接,因为外端部被如此靠近在一起,而两个外端部被加宽部分合适地包围。
根据本发明的联接件优选地被实质上整体地形成。这简化了联接件的生产,例如通过注射模制的生产。联接件的成本可以以此被保持相对地低。增强塑料的增强层可以例如在此通过两部件(2K)注射模制而形成。
联接件除了其增强层之外更优选地实质上由包括PE、增强PE或PE-RT的材料形成。这样的材料也被用于多层管道,使得可能的是,选择包含相同材料的联接件和管道的组合。这在联接期间是有利的,因为焊接装置可以被设置为一个温度,来制造管道和联接件塑料的接触表面。
当多层管道是基于PP-R、PB、PP、PVDF、PVC和类似物的内壁和外壁时,相同的优点适用。因此可能的是,具体地考虑由相应于管道的壁的塑料的塑料来制造联接件。
在根据本发明的联接件中,联接管的内径在出口处更优选地沿着向外的方向增加。直径上的这种增加优选地是平缓的,使得内壁在纵向截面中成锥形。发现联接管的这样的锥形出口对于向内弯曲的非期望效应是较不受影响或完全不受影响的。这因此引起间隙形成被防止,以及在联接件的位置处经过管道的无问题流动。
这样的联接件是根据本发明的第一方面的联接件的替代形式,因为联接管在出口的位置处向内弯曲的问题仍然总是得到解决,甚至当在设计中省略连接元件和增强层时。
在根据本发明的联接件中,联接管的外径更有利地在出口处减小。在联接管在焊接衬套上预加热期间,联接管的外周界的该后部分以此被防止与热的焊接衬套接触或进入热的焊接衬套附近。这进一步有助于防止联接管在出口的位置处的向内弯曲。如果需要,则可以实施本发明的该变化形式,使得联接管不具有连接元件并且联接件不具有增强层。
作为本发明的一般的可选择的实施方案,联接件可以被设置在主体的具有两个直立的壁的外侧部上,定位在距彼此某一距离处的直立的壁具有加宽部分。这样的设计适合于形成T形结合部、交叉连接部或弯头结合部的更复杂的联接件。
根据第二方面,本发明涉及具有可安装的加热元件的焊接装置,其中第一加热元件具有一形式,使得该第一加热元件连接于根据本发明的联接件的环形空间的表面,并且第二加热元件具有一形式,使得该第二加热元件连接于联接到联接件的多层管道的外端部的表面。焊接装置因此适合于通过多重熔合焊接把联接件联接于管道外端部,由此获得了上述优点。
根据第三方面,本发明涉及用于通过多重熔合焊接把多层管道的外端部联接于根据本发明的联接件的方法,
其中该方法包括以下步骤:加热管道的外端部和联接件的接触表面、结合该接触表面,以及在熔合之后允许所获得的熔合连接部冷却,其中在管道和联接件之间获得了从环形空间突出的连接焊接肋。
本方法允许联接件联接到管道外端部,其中实现了上文已经阐明的关于变窄的环形空间的优点,由此获得了突出的焊接肋。如果需要,则根据本发明的方法被实施,使得在此联接管不具有连接元件并且联接件不具有增强层。
这样的方法是同样有效的,因为在此也存在变窄的环形空间,由此获得突出的焊接肋。
根据第四方面,本发明涉及多层管道与根据本发明的联接件通过根据本发明的方法而获得的组件,其中在管道和联接件之间获得了从环形空间突出的连接焊接肋。突出的焊接肋具有对焊接连接的品质的立即目视检查的优点,如上文已经解释的。
附图说明
在下文参照附图来解释本发明,在附图中:
图1是根据本发明的联接件的透视图;
图2示出了图1的联接件在轴向方向上的横截面以及用于联接的多层管道的外端部的纵向截面;
图3示出了根据图2的联接件的横截面与多层管道的已联接外端部的细节;
图4是沿着图2的联接件的轴向轴线的视图;
图5示出了具有另外修改的根据本发明的联接件的横截面的细节;
图6示出了具有后续的另外修改的根据本发明的联接件的横截面的细节。
具体实施方式
图1示出了由联接管2和壁4构建的联接件1,壁4布置在联接件1外侧部上,具有作为围绕联接管2的环而存在的加宽部分6。
图2示出了联接件1的横截面,其中环形的加宽部分6与壁4一起具有T形状。该T形状与联接管2的外侧部一起包围环形空间22,在此也被称为插入空间。示出了多层管道28,多层管道28由内壁30和较薄的外壁32构建,具有在内壁30和外壁32之间的铝层34。壁的厚度被指定为d2。
在向联接管的插入空间22中的入口的位置处,壁的加宽部分和联接管的外侧部之间的径向距离d1是使得其大于或等于被联接于该联接件的管道的壁厚度。加宽部分6设置有作为检查孔起作用的通孔24。
联接管的内径o2在出口25处沿着向外的方向增加至o1的值。以具有与联接管的材料相同的材料的脊状物26的形式的轴向连接元件26布置在联接管22的内壁上。脊状物具有轴向定向并且在数量上优选是四个,并且以距彼此相等的互相距离存在。连接增强层50的接合元件52是可见的,连接增强层50布置在包括脊状物26的内壁上。在这点上也见图4。
联接管具有轴向插入深度l1,联接管在轴向插入深度l1内被推动到管道端部中。加宽部分6具有轴向长度l2。在本视图中,l2的值约比l1小五分之四,然而可以选择更大的差值。
环形空间22在壁的方向上变窄,因为联接管2的壁27在该空间22内部成锥形。还可以为加宽部分6另外提供相同的锥形,如图6中所示。
图3示出了根据图2的联接件1的细节,其中多层管道28的外端部通过根据本发明的多重熔合焊接而熔合。在连接起作用之前,联接件的接触表面,即加宽部分6、壁4和主体2的外侧部20,通过焊接心轴被加热,并且管道28的接触表面,即内壁30、在外端部处的边缘以及外壁32的小部分,使用焊接衬套来加热。在熔焊接期间,内壁30与联接件的外侧部20沿着整个的插入长度l1熔合并且因此在联接件和管道之间形成最重要的连接。在管道在联接件上滑动期间,内壁30的一部分可以被剪切力(未示出)向后运动,但是金属层34不被暴露在此,因为内壁30是足够地厚的。加宽部分6和壁4与管道20的已经被插入空间22中的外端部形成包围的熔合连接部(见图2)。金属层34的保护其抵抗腐蚀的密封因此被获得。
由于壁27的锥形,塑料外壁32在管道外端部向环形空间22中滑动期间被部分地向外推动,由此生成突出部40,突出部40形成完全地围绕环形的加宽部分的连续的突出焊接肋40。加宽部分6的端部也在同一位置处变形至较小的程度并且形成突出部42。如果突出焊接肋40是围绕环形的加宽部分连续的而没有任何中断,那么对于使用者将明显的是,已经获得良好的熔合连接。另外应注意,塑料外壁32也用突出部44部分地推动到检查孔24中。这更进一步增强了对熔合连接的品质控制。
图4示出了沿着图2的联接件1的轴向轴线的视图,具有与在图2中示出的部件相同地编号的部件。为了清楚起见,脊状物26的尺寸被放大。联接管2的内壁40和脊状物26由根据本发明的毗邻增强层50覆盖,毗邻增强层50包括在形状和放置上相应于连接元件26的接合元件52。增强层可以实施为具有向内导向的沟槽52的金属套筒50,金属套筒50被推动到联接件的通路中,并且如果需要,则采取可释放的形式。在可选择的实施方案中,根据图5的联接件通过其在一个步骤中由具有PVDF增强层的PE-RT联接管的2K注射模制形成而获得。层52和联接管2因此形成一体的整体。
图5示出了根据本发明的联接件1的横截面的细节,具有另外的修改60,即在出口25的位置处的外边缘60,其具有与联接管2的外径o3相比的减小的直径o4。外边缘60因此在多重熔合焊接期间与暖热部件较少地接触,由此进一步防止联接管在出口边缘处的向内弯曲。
图6示出了联接件1的横截面的细节,其中另外的修改66在直立的壁4的位置处提供,即在加宽部分6的前侧上成锥形的壁66。插入空间22因此由于成锥形的内壁27和66而从两个侧部变窄,这进一步支持清楚地可见的焊接肋的形成。
Claims (12)
1.一种用于多层管道(28)的外端部的联接件(1),包括在外侧部上设置有径向地直立的壁(4)的联接管(2),其中所述直立的壁(4)在轴向方向上在距所述联接管(2)的所述外侧部一径向距离处被加宽,其中所述联接管(2)的所述外侧部、所述直立的壁(4)和加宽部分(6)包围环形插入空间(22),所述管道(28)的所述外端部能够通过使所述管道在所述联接管(2)上滑动而直接地插入到所述环形插入空间中,并且其中在所述管道(28)进入所述环形插入空间(22)的入口的位置处,所述直立的壁(4)的所述加宽部分(6)和所述联接管(2)的所述外侧部之间的径向距离(d1)等于或大于所述管道(28)的壁厚度(d2),
其中当从所述直立的壁(4)朝着所述联接管(2)的外端部测量时,所述加宽部分(6)在轴向方向(l2)上小于所述联接管(2)的轴向长度(l1),
其特征在于,
所述联接管(2)的内径在出口(25)处沿着向外的方向增加。
2.根据权利要求1所述的联接件,其中所述加宽部分(6)小四分之三或小更多。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的联接件(1),其中所述联接管(2)的外径(O3)在所述出口(25)处沿着向外的方向大体上恒定或者在所述出口(25)处减小。
4.根据权利要求3所述的联接件,其中所述联接管(2)的所述外径(O3)从所述环形插入空间(22)到所述出口(25)大体上恒定。
5.根据前述权利要求中的任一项或多项所述的联接件(1),其中所述联接管(2)的内壁用由具有比所述联接管(2)的材料的强度大的强度的增强塑料或金属制成的毗邻增强层(50)来增强。
6.根据权利要求5所述的联接件(1),其中所述增强层(50)设置有接合元件(52),而所述内壁设置有连接元件(26),所述连接元件(26)相应于所述接合元件(52)且连接到所述接合元件(52)。
7.根据前述权利要求中的任一项或多项所述的联接件(1),其中所述环形插入空间(22)在所述直立的壁(4)的方向上变窄,使得所述直立的壁的所述加宽部分(6)和所述联接管(2)的所述外侧部之间的所述径向距离减小至小于所述管道(28)的所述壁厚度的值。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项或多项所述的联接件(1),其中所述直立的壁(4)和所述加宽部分(6)具有T形横截面。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项或多项所述的联接件(1),其中所述联接件被实质上整体地形成。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项或多项所述的联接件(1),其中所述联接件(1)实质上由包括PE、增强PE或PE-RT的材料形成。
11.一种联接方法,用于通过多重熔合焊接把多层管道的外端部联接于根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的联接件,
其中所述方法包括以下步骤:加热所述管道的所述外端部和所述联接件的接触表面、结合所述接触表面,以及在熔合之后允许所获得的熔合连接部冷却,其中在管道和联接件之间获得了从所述环形插入空间突出的连接焊接肋。
12.一种多层管道(28)与联接件(1)的组件,所述组件通过权利要求11所述的方法获得,其中连接焊接肋(40)在所述管道(28)和所述联接件(1)之间从所述环形插入空间(22)突出。
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NL2010686C2 (nl) | 2013-04-22 | 2014-10-23 | Tersia Nederland B V | Versterkingshuls voor een koppelstuk, samenstel van een versterkingshuls en een koppelstuk, werkwijze voor het lassen van een meerlaagse leiding met het samenstel. |
JP2017160925A (ja) * | 2016-03-07 | 2017-09-14 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 継手部材および配管構造 |
GB201616488D0 (en) | 2016-09-28 | 2016-11-09 | Cps22 Limited | Apparatus |
JP6645634B1 (ja) * | 2018-05-23 | 2020-02-14 | 三菱電機株式会社 | パイプ構造体およびトラス構造体およびこれらを用いた人工衛星 |
RU2742156C1 (ru) * | 2020-04-27 | 2021-02-02 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Геотермал" | Испарительный контур геотермального теплового насоса |
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ES2504979T3 (es) | 2014-10-09 |
CN105179860B (zh) | 2017-10-10 |
EP2784365B1 (en) | 2017-03-01 |
NL2005306C2 (nl) | 2012-03-05 |
CN103180652B (zh) | 2016-06-01 |
EP2784365A1 (en) | 2014-10-01 |
EP2612063A1 (en) | 2013-07-10 |
BR112013005061A2 (pt) | 2017-07-18 |
US20130234430A1 (en) | 2013-09-12 |
US20170198851A1 (en) | 2017-07-13 |
RU2016114147A (ru) | 2018-11-28 |
PL2784365T3 (pl) | 2017-08-31 |
US9631758B2 (en) | 2017-04-25 |
RU2583319C2 (ru) | 2016-05-10 |
ES2627312T3 (es) | 2017-07-27 |
RU2709896C2 (ru) | 2019-12-23 |
EP2612063B1 (en) | 2014-06-25 |
BR112013005061B1 (pt) | 2020-09-29 |
WO2012030221A1 (en) | 2012-03-08 |
CN103180652A (zh) | 2013-06-26 |
RU2013114458A (ru) | 2014-10-20 |
RU2016114147A3 (zh) | 2019-10-15 |
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