CN105121539A - 交联复合物粒子和包含其的二次电池 - Google Patents
交联复合物粒子和包含其的二次电池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105121539A CN105121539A CN201480021439.0A CN201480021439A CN105121539A CN 105121539 A CN105121539 A CN 105121539A CN 201480021439 A CN201480021439 A CN 201480021439A CN 105121539 A CN105121539 A CN 105121539A
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- Prior art keywords
- complex
- vanadium
- complex particle
- compound
- battery
- Prior art date
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- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003682 vanadium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- MEJAPGGFIJZHEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-acetamido-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonyl chloride Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=NN=C(S(Cl)(=O)=O)S1 MEJAPGGFIJZHEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- RPESBQCJGHJMTK-UHFFFAOYSA-I pentachlorovanadium Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[V+5] RPESBQCJGHJMTK-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 claims description 4
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- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
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- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
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- JTJFQBNJBPPZRI-UHFFFAOYSA-J vanadium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[V](Cl)(Cl)Cl JTJFQBNJBPPZRI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 2
- XOZUGNYVDXMRKW-AATRIKPKSA-N azodicarbonamide Chemical compound NC(=O)\N=N\C(N)=O XOZUGNYVDXMRKW-AATRIKPKSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- DMSZORWOGDLWGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ctk1a3526 Chemical class NP(N)(N)=O DMSZORWOGDLWGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002242 deionisation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004862 dioxolanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009998 heat setting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000015110 jellies Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VROAXDSNYPAOBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)nickel Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Ni]=O VROAXDSNYPAOBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxonickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni]=O URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229930182817 methionine Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005181 nitrobenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- FAQJJMHZNSSFSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylglyoxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 FAQJJMHZNSSFSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001197 polyacetylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000379 polypropylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003233 pyrroles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OCC)OCC BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004418 trolamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种交联复合物粒子和包含其的二次电池。更特别地,本发明提供一种复合物粒子,所述复合物粒子包含作为核的单体和聚合引发剂,并包含作为壳的膜,所述膜包含在预定温度下消失的材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种交联复合物(compound)粒子和包含其的二次电池。
背景技术
随着移动装置技术的持续发展和对其需求的日益增加,对作为能源的二次电池的需求急剧增加。在这些二次电池中,展示高能量密度和高运行电位、长循环寿命和低自放电率的锂二次电池可商购获得并被广泛使用。
另外,随着近来对环境问题关注的日益增加,正在对电动车辆(EV)、混合电动车辆(HEV)等进行积极研究,所述电动车辆和混合电动车辆等能够代替使用化石燃料的车辆如汽油车辆、柴油车辆等,所述使用化石燃料的车辆是空气污染的一个主要原因。作为EV、HEV等的电源,主要使用镍金属-氢化物二次电池。然而,正在对具有高能量密度、高放电电压和输出稳定性的锂二次电池进行积极研究,且一些锂二次电池可商购获得。
通常,根据电解质类型,可以将锂二次电池分为本身包含液体电解质的锂离子电池、包含凝胶形式的液体电解质的锂离子聚合物电池以及包含固体电解质的锂聚合物电池。特别地,锂离子聚合物电池(或凝胶聚合物电池)具有多种优势例如:与液体电解质电池相比,由于流体泄露的可能性更低而安全性高;可行的超薄且紧凑的电池形状;以及电池重量的大大下降,由此导致其需求增加。
通过将包含置于正极与负极之间的多孔隔膜的电极组件浸渍在包含锂盐的液体电解液中,制备锂离子电池,所述正极和负极各自在电极集电器上涂布有活性材料。
同时,根据电解质浸渍用基体材料的类型,将制造锂离子聚合物电池的方法大致分为制造非交联聚合物电池的方法和制造直接交联聚合物电池的方法。作为聚合物基体材料,主要使用具有优异的自由基聚合反应性的丙烯酸酯类和甲基丙烯酸酯类材料以及具有优异的导电性的醚类材料。特别地,通过如下制造后一种直接交联聚合物电池:将由电极板和多孔隔膜构成的卷绕型(jelly-rolltype)或堆叠型电极组件放置在袋中,向其中注入热可聚合的聚环氧乙烷(PEO)类单体或低聚物交联剂和电解质组合物,并将注入的材料热固化。在制造工艺方面所述电池的优势在于,能够在不进行特别改性或改变的条件下直接使用常规锂离子电池的板和隔膜。然而,已知这种方法遭受的劣势在于,当交联剂未固化并由此残留在电解质中时,因粘度增大而难以实现均匀浸渍,由此明显降低电池的特性。
因此,迫切需要通过解决所述问题来确保电池的稳定性并同时保持总体电池性能的技术。
发明内容
技术问题
因此,为了解决上述问题和尚未解决的其他技术问题而完成了本发明。
本发明旨在提供一种交联复合物粒子和包含其的二次电池,所述交联复合物粒子具有优异的电解液浸渍且不展示劣化的电池特性。
技术方案
根据本发明的一个方面,提供一种复合物粒子,所述复合物粒子包含:作为核的单体和聚合引发剂;以及作为壳的膜,所述膜包含在预定温度下消失的材料。
所述单体可以是选自如下物质中的至少一种:环氧乙烷、丙烯酸、丙烯腈、甲基丙烯酸、偏二氟乙烯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、氟化物、硅氧烷、膦腈、酰亚胺、硫化物、乙酸酯、琥珀酸酯等,或可以是选自其共聚物中的至少一种。
所述聚合引发剂可以是光引发剂、热引发剂、氧化-还原反应引发剂、辐射引发剂或其混合物。
所述光引发剂可以是选自如下物质中的至少一种:α-羟基酮类化合物、苯甲酰甲酸酯类(phenylglyoxylate-based)化合物、苄基二甲基缩酮类化合物、α-氨基酮类化合物、单酰基膦类化合物、双酰基膦类化合物、氧化膦类化合物、金属茂-类化合物和碘盐。
所述热引发剂可以是选自如下物质中的至少一种:偶氮类化合物、过氧类化合物、过氧乙酸叔丁酯、过氧乙酸和过硫酸钾。
作为通过与Fe2+的反应而形成自由基的材料的氧化-还原反应引发剂可以是过硫酸盐化合物或氢过氧化物。
所述辐射可以是X射线、α粒子γ射线或高能电子射线。
所述膜可以包含热塑性树脂。
所述热塑性树脂可以是选自如下中的至少一种:聚乙烯(PE)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚丙烯腈(PAN)、苯乙烯-丙烯腈(SAN)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)和聚三氟氯乙烯(PCTFE)。
所述膜可以包含钒化合物。
所述钒化合物可以是选自如下中的至少一种:氯化钒(Ⅱ)、氯化钒(Ⅲ)、四氯化钒、溴化钒(Ⅱ)、溴化钒(Ⅲ)、四溴化钒、碘化钒(II)和碘化钒(III)。
所述膜可以是热塑性树脂和钒化合物的高聚物。
所述核可以还包含发泡剂。
所述发泡剂可以是选自如下中的至少一种:偶氮二甲酰胺(ADCA)、偶氮二异丁腈(AZDN)、N,N'-二甲基-N,N'-二亚硝基-对苯二甲酸酯(NTA)、4,4'-氧代双(苯磺酰肼)(OBSH)、3,3'-磺酰双(苯磺酰肼)(3,3’-sulfonbis(benzene-sulfonylhydrazide)、1,1-偶氮二甲酰胺(ABFA)-(偶氮二甲酰胺)(1,1-azobisformamide(ABFA)-(azodicarbonamide))、对甲苯磺酰氨基脲和偶氮二羧酸钡(BaAC)。
所述膜的厚度可以为1μm~10μm。
所述膜的厚度可以为2μm~5μm。
所述温度可以为60℃~300℃。
所述温度可以为70℃~270℃。
所述复合物粒子可以包含在电解质、电极和隔膜中的至少一种中。
所述复合物粒子可以与电极活性材料混合。
所述复合物粒子可以包含在形成于电极表面上的涂层中。
根据本发明的另一个方面,提供一种包含所述复合物粒子的电池。
所述电池可以具有如下结构:其中将包含正极、负极和置于所述正极与所述负极之间的聚合物层的电极组件容纳在电池壳中并密封,并可以包含含锂盐的非水电解质。
通常,通过在将正极活性材料、导电材料和粘合剂的混合物作为电极混合物涂布在正极集电器上之后进行干燥来制备正极。在这种情况下,根据需要,所述混合物可以还包含填料。
所述正极活性材料的实例可以包括:层状化合物如锂钴氧化物(LiCoO2)和锂镍氧化物(LiNiO2)、或被一种或多种过渡金属置换的化合物;由式Li1+xMn2-xO4(其中0≤x≤0.33)表示的锂锰氧化物如LiMnO3、LiMn2O3以及LiMnO2;锂铜氧化物(Li2CuO2);钒氧化物如LiV3O8、LiV3O4、V2O5和Cu2V2O7;具有式LiNi1-xMxO2的Ni位点型锂镍氧化物,其中M=Co、Mn、Al、Cu、Fe、Mg、B或Ga,且0.01≤x≤0.3;具有式LiMn2-xMxO2的锂锰复合氧化物,其中M=Co、Ni、Fe、Cr、Zn或Ta,且0.01≤x≤0.1,或具有式Li2Mn3MO8的锂锰复合氧化物,其中M=Fe、Co、Ni、Cu或Zn;由LiNixMn2-xO4表示的尖晶石结构的锂锰复合氧化物;其中一些Li原子被用碱土金属离子置换的LiMn2O4;二硫化物化合物;Fe2(MoO4)3等,但不能将本发明的实施方案限制于此。
通常将正极集电器制成3~500μm的厚度。正极集电器没有特别限制,只要其在制造的锂二次电池中不会造成化学变化并具有高电导率即可。例如,正极集电器可以由如下物质制成:不锈钢;铝;镍;钛;烧结碳;经碳、镍、钛或银表面处理过的铝或不锈钢等。所述正极集电器可以在其表面处具有细小的不规则,从而提高正极活性材料与正极集电器之间的粘附力。另外,可以以包括膜、片、箔、网、多孔结构、泡沫和无纺布的多种形式中的任意形式使用所述正极集电器。
基于包含正极活性材料的混合物的总重量,通常以1~50重量%的量添加导电材料。对导电材料没有特别限制,只要其在制造的电池中不会造成化学变化并具有电导率即可。例如,可以使用如下物质:石墨如天然石墨或人造石墨;炭黑类如炭黑、乙炔黑、科琴黑、槽法炭黑、炉黑、灯黑和热裂法炭黑;导电纤维如碳纤维和金属纤维;金属粉末如氟化碳粉末、铝粉末和镍粉末;导电晶须如氧化锌晶须和钛酸钾晶须;导电金属氧化物如二氧化钛;导电材料如聚亚苯基衍生物;等。
同时,可以将具有弹性的石墨类材料用作导电材料并可以与其他材料一起使用。
粘合剂是有助于活性材料与导电材料之间的结合并有助于活性材料对集电器的结合的组分。基于包含正极活性材料的混合物的总重量,典型地以1~50重量%的量添加所述粘合剂。粘合剂的实例包括但不限于聚偏二氟乙烯、聚乙烯醇、羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、淀粉、羟丙基纤维素、再生纤维素、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、四氟乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、乙烯-丙烯-双烯三元共聚物(EPDM)、磺化的EPDM、丁苯橡胶、氟橡胶和各种共聚物。
填料任选地用作用于抑制正极膨胀的组分。填料没有特别限制,只要其为在制造的电池中不会造成化学变化的纤维材料即可。填料的实例包括:烯烃类聚合物如聚乙烯和聚丙烯;以及纤维材料如玻璃纤维和碳纤维。
本发明还提供一种包含所述电极的二次电池,且所述二次电池可以是锂离子电池、锂离子聚合物电池或锂聚合物电池。
通常,锂二次电池包含正极、负极、置于所述正极与所述负极之间的隔膜和含锂盐的非水电解质。下面将对锂二次电池的其他组分进行说明。
通过将负极活性材料涂布到负极集电器上、干燥并压制可以制备负极。根据需要,还可以选择性地包含上述导电材料、粘合剂、填料等。
负极活性材料的实例包括:碳如硬碳和石墨类碳;金属复合氧化物如LixFe2O3(其中0≤x≤1)、LixWO2(其中0≤x≤1)、SnxMe1-xMe’yOz(其中Me:Mn、Fe、Pb或Ge;Me’:Al,B,P,Si,I族、II族和III族元素、或卤素;0<x≤1;1≤y≤3;且1≤z≤8);锂金属;锂合金;硅基合金;锡基合金;金属氧化物如SnO、SnO2、PbO、PbO2、Pb2O3、Pb3O4、Sb2O3、Sb2O4、Sb2O5、GeO、GeO2、Bi2O3、Bi2O4和Bi2O5;导电聚合物如聚乙炔;Li-Co-Ni基材料;钛氧化物;锂钛氧化物;等,特别是碳类材料和/或Si。
典型地将负极集电器制成3~500μm的厚度。所述负极集电器没有特别限制,只要其在制造的电池中不会造成化学变化并具有导电性即可。例如,负极集电器可以由如下物质制成:铜;不锈钢;铝;镍;钛;烧结碳;经碳、镍、钛或银表面处理过的铜或不锈钢;以及铝-镉合金。与正极集电器类似,负极集电器也可在其表面处具有细小的不规则处,从而提高负极集电器与负极活性材料之间的粘附力并可以以包括膜、片、箔、网、多孔结构、泡沫和无纺布的多种形式使用。
将隔膜置于所述正极与负极之间,作为隔膜,使用具有高离子透过性和高机械强度的薄绝缘膜。所述隔膜通常具有0.01~10μm的孔径和5~300μm的厚度。作为隔膜,例如,使用由烯烃类聚合物制成的片或无纺布,所述烯烃类聚合物如聚丙烯,或者具有耐化学性和疏水性的玻璃纤维或聚乙烯。当将固体电解质诸如聚合物等用作电解质时,所述固体电解质还可充当隔膜。
含锂盐的非水电解质由非水电解质和锂构成。作为非水电解质,可以使用非水有机溶剂、有机固体电解质、无机固体电解质等,但不能将本发明限制于此。
非水有机溶剂的实例包括非质子有机溶剂如N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、碳酸亚丙酯、碳酸亚乙酯、碳酸亚丁酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯、γ-丁内酯、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷、四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃、二甲亚砜、1,3-二氧戊环、甲酰胺、二甲基甲酰胺、二氧戊环、乙腈、硝基甲烷、甲酸甲酯、乙酸甲酯、磷酸三酯、三甲氧基甲烷、二氧戊环衍生物、环丁砜、甲基环丁砜、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑烷酮、碳酸亚丙酯衍生物、四氢呋喃衍生物、醚、丙酸甲酯和丙酸乙酯。
有机固体电解质的实例包括聚乙烯衍生物、聚环氧乙烷衍生物、聚环氧丙烷衍生物、磷酸酯聚合物、聚搅拌赖氨酸(polyagitationlysine)、聚酯硫醚、聚乙烯醇、聚偏二氟乙烯和含有离子离解基团的聚合物。
无机固体电解质的实例包括但不限于锂(Li)的氮化物、卤化物和硫酸盐如Li3N、LiI、Li5NI2、Li3N-LiI-LiOH、LiSiO4、LiSiO4-LiI-LiOH、Li2SiS3、Li4SiO4、Li4SiO4-LiI-LiOH和Li3PO4-Li2S-SiS2。
所述锂盐是易溶于非水电解质中的材料且其实例包括但不限于LiCl、LiBr、LiI、LiClO4、LiBF4、LiB10Cl10、LiPF6、LiCF3SO3、LiCF3CO2、LiAsF6、LiSbF6、LiAlCl4、CH3SO3Li、(CF3SO2)2NLi、氯硼烷锂、低级脂族羧酸锂、四苯基硼酸锂和胺基锂(imide)。
另外,为了提高充/放电特性和阻燃性,例如,可以向含锂盐的非水电解质中添加吡啶、亚磷酸三乙酯、三乙醇胺、环醚、乙二胺、正甘醇二甲醚、六磷酰三胺(hexaphosphorictriamide)、硝基苯衍生物、硫、醌亚胺染料、N-取代的唑烷酮、N,N-取代的咪唑烷、乙二醇二烷基醚、铵盐、吡咯、2-甲氧基乙醇、三氯化铝等。如果需要,为了赋予不燃性,所述电解质还可包含含卤素的溶剂如四氯化碳和三氟乙烯。此外,为了提高高温储存特性,所述非水电解质可另外包含二氧化碳气体,并还可包含氟代碳酸亚乙酯(FEC)、丙烯磺酸内酯(PRS)等。
在一个具体实施方案中,通过将锂盐如LiPF6、LiClO4、LiBF4、LiN(SO2CF3)2等添加到包含EC或PC与DEC、DMC或EMC的混合溶剂中可以制备含锂盐的非水电解质,所述EC或PC是高介电溶剂和环状碳酸酯,所述DEC、DMC或EMC为低粘度溶剂和线性碳酸酯。
本发明可以提供包含所述电池的电池模块和包含所述电池模块的电池组以及使用所述电池组作为电源的装置。
在这点上,所述装置的特殊实例包括但不限于电动机驱动的电动工具;电动车辆(EV)、混合电动车辆(HEV)和插电式混合电动车辆(PHEV);电动双轮车辆如电动自行车和电动摩托车;电动高尔夫球车;以及用于储存电力的系统。
具体实施方式
现在,将参考实施例对本发明进行更详细的说明。提供这些实施例仅用于示例性目的且不应解释为限制本发明的范围和主旨。
<实施例1>
正极的制备
以94:3:3的重量比将作为正极活性材料的Li(Ni6Mn2Co2)O2、作为导电材料的炭黑和作为粘合剂的PVdF添加到n-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)中并混合,由此制备正极混合物。
在将制备的正极混合物在作为正极集电器的具有12μm厚度的铝箔上涂布至66μm的厚度之后,实施辊压和干燥,由此制造正极。
负极的制备
以94.5:2:2:1.5的重量比将作为负极的天然石墨、作为导电材料的炭黑、丁苯橡胶(SBR)和羧甲基纤维素(CMC)添加到去离子化的H2O(蒸馏水)中并混合,由此制备负极混合物。
使用了具有10μm厚度的铜箔,并以73μm的厚度将制备的负极混合物涂布在负极集电器上。随后,实施辊压和干燥,由此制造负极。
二次电池的制备
将SRS隔膜(膜材料:Toray,无机层:LG化学,总厚度:16μm)置于负极与正极之间,从而制造电极组件。随后,将电极组件容纳在袋型电池壳中。随后,使用了以3:2:5的体积比混合的碳酸乙酯、碳酸二甲酯和碳酸甲乙酯的混合物作为电解液,并使用了包含1MLiPF6作为锂盐的非水锂电解液。向其添加复合物粒子,所述复合物粒子包含作为核的丙烯腈单体(AN)和作为壳的形成至2μm厚度的聚丙烯腈(PAN)膜,由此制造锂二次电池。
<实施例2>
除了在不向电解液添加复合物粒子的条件下对正极和负极的表面进行涂布之外,以与实施例1中相同的方式制造了锂二次电池。
<比较例1>
除了使用不包含所述复合物粒子的电解液之外,以与实施例中相同的方式制造了锂二次电池。
<比较例2>
除了注入作为添加剂的偶氮二异丁腈(AZDN)并使用不包含所述复合物粒子的电解液之外,以与实施例中相同的方式制造了锂二次电池。
<实验例1>
寿命特性评价实验
在45℃和0.5C下将在实施例1和2以及比较例1和2中各自制造的电池进行500次充电和放电。随后,计算300次和500次的相对于首次放电容量的放电容量保持率,并将其结果总结于下表1中。
<实验例2>
高温存储特性的评价实验
将根据实施例1和2以及比较例1和2各自制造的电池在60℃下以完全充电状态存储3周,然后测量其电阻增大率和厚度增大率。将结果总结于下表1中。
[表1]
如表1中所示,能够确认,当与比较例2的电池相比时,实施例1和2的电池以及比较例1的电池展示了更高的容量,在所述实施例1和2的电池中将包含2重量%的单体和聚合引发剂的混合物的复合物粒子添加到电解质或涂布在电极上,在所述比较例1的电池中未添加单体和聚合引发剂,且在所述比较例2的电池中将2重量%的单体和聚合引发剂的混合物添加到电解液。因此能够确认,所述壳防止核材料使电池性能劣化,由此改善电池的特性。
这是因为其中将单体和聚合引发剂直接添加到电解液中的比较例2的电池通过添加添加剂而展示更高的粘度,由此,电解液难以充分浸渍且因在高温存储期间的连续分解而释放大量气体。
根据寿命和高温存储特性的结果能够确认,实施例1和2的电池展示优异的特性,在所述实施例1和2的电池中通过包含所述复合物粒子而对添加剂的浓度进行了适当控制,所述复合物粒子包含单体和聚合引发剂。
<实验例3>
在完全充电的状态下对实施例1和2以及比较例1和2的电池各自进行了钉刺试验。将结果总结于下表2中。
[表2]
如表2中所示,能够确认,包含单体和引发剂作为核的电池在钉刺试验中未起火。因此能够确认,当与比较例2的电池相比时,实施例1和2的电池具有改善的特性,所述实施例和1和2的电池在钉刺试验期间未起火且未展示劣化的电池性能,且所述比较例2的电池在钉刺试验期间未起火但展示劣化的电池性能。
本领域技术人员可以以上述内容为基础,在本发明的范围内进行各种应用和变化。
工业应用性
如上所述,根据本发明的复合物粒子可以提供具有优异的电解液浸渍且不展示劣化的电池特性的交联复合物粒子、以及包含所述复合物粒子的二次电池。
Claims (24)
1.一种复合物粒子,所述复合物粒子包含:
作为核的单体和聚合引发剂;和
作为壳的膜,所述膜包含在预定温度下消失的材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合物粒子,其中所述单体是选自如下物质中的至少一种:环氧乙烷、丙烯酸、丙烯腈、甲基丙烯酸、偏二氟乙烯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、氟化物、硅氧烷、膦腈、酰亚胺、硫化物、乙酸酯、琥珀酸酯,或选自它们的共聚物中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的复合物粒子,其中所述聚合引发剂是光引发剂、热引发剂、氧化-还原反应引发剂、辐射引发剂或它们的混合物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的复合物粒子,其中所述光引发剂是选自如下物质中的至少一种:α-羟基酮类化合物、苯甲酰甲酸酯类化合物、苄基二甲基缩酮类化合物、α-氨基酮类化合物、单酰基膦类化合物、双酰基膦类化合物、氧化膦类化合物、金属茂类化合物和碘盐。
5.根据权利要求3所述的复合物粒子,其中所述热引发剂是选自如下物质中的至少一种:偶氮类化合物、过氧类化合物、过氧乙酸叔丁酯、过氧乙酸和过硫酸钾。
6.根据权利要求3所述的复合物粒子,其中所述氧化-还原反应引发剂是过硫酸盐化合物或氢过氧化物。
7.根据权利要求3所述的复合物粒子,其中所述辐射是选自X射线、α粒子、γ射线和高能电子射线中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的复合物粒子,其中所述膜包含热塑性树脂。
9.根据权利要求8所述的复合物粒子,其中所述热塑性树脂是选自如下物质中的至少一种:聚乙烯(PE)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚丙烯腈(PAN)、苯乙烯-丙烯腈(SAN)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)和聚三氟氯乙烯(PCTFE)。
10.根据权利要求1所述的复合物粒子,其中所述膜包含钒化合物。
11.根据权利要求10所述的复合物粒子,其中所述钒化合物是选自如下物质中的至少一种:氯化钒(Ⅱ)、氯化钒(Ⅲ)、四氯化钒、溴化钒(Ⅱ)、溴化钒(Ⅲ)、四溴化钒、碘化钒(II)和碘化钒(III)。
12.根据权利要求1所述的复合物粒子,其中所述膜是热塑性树脂和钒化合物的高聚物。
13.根据权利要求1所述的复合物粒子,其中所述核还包含发泡剂。
14.根据权利要求13所述的复合物粒子,其中所述发泡剂是选自如下物质中的至少一种:偶氮二甲酰胺(ADCA)、偶氮二异丁腈(AZDN)、N,N'-二甲基-N,N'-二亚硝基-对苯二甲酸酯(NTA)、4,4'-氧双(苯磺酰肼)(OBSH)、3,3'-磺酰双(苯磺酰肼)、1,1-偶氮双甲酰胺(ABFA)-(偶氮二甲酰胺)、对甲苯磺酰氨基脲和偶氮二羧酸钡(BaAC)。
15.根据权利要求1所述的复合物粒子,其中所述膜的厚度为1μm~10μm。
16.根据权利要求1所述的复合物粒子,其中所述膜的厚度为2μm~5μm。
17.根据权利要求1所述的复合物粒子,其中所述温度为60℃~300℃。
18.根据权利要求1所述的复合物粒子,其中所述温度为70℃~270℃。
19.一种电池,所述电池包含权利要求1~18中任一项的复合物粒子。
20.根据权利要求19所述的电池,其中所述复合物粒子包含在选自电解质、电极和隔膜中的至少一种物质中。
21.根据权利要求20所述的电池,其中所述复合物粒子与电极活性材料混合。
22.根据权利要求20所述的电池,其中所述复合物粒子包含在形成于电极表面上的涂层中。
23.一种电池组,所述电池组包含权利要求19的电池。
24.一种装置,所述装置使用权利要求23的电池组作为电源。
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CN109065866A (zh) * | 2018-08-02 | 2018-12-21 | 武汉理工大学 | 一种基于硅倍半氧烷的硅碳复合负极材料及其制备方法 |
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