CN105102212A - 柔性复合材料体系和方法 - Google Patents

柔性复合材料体系和方法 Download PDF

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CN105102212A
CN105102212A CN201480014608.8A CN201480014608A CN105102212A CN 105102212 A CN105102212 A CN 105102212A CN 201480014608 A CN201480014608 A CN 201480014608A CN 105102212 A CN105102212 A CN 105102212A
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fabric
screen cloth
flexible
unidirectional
adhesive
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CN105102212B (zh
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克里斯托弗·迈克尔·艾达姆斯
韦斯利·爱德华·哈特彻尔
基思·乔尔·麦克代尼尔斯
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Dsm Protective Materials Co ltd
Evant Protective Materials Co ltd
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DSM IP Assets BV
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  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

在各种实施方式中，描述了一种改进的柔性复合材料，其包含至少一个网布和与所述网布结合的至少一个纺织织物、无纺织物或隔膜，所述网布由结合在一起的至少两个单方向的带层构成。在各种实施方式中，所述单方向的带层包含多个平行的纤维束，所述纤维束包含在粘合树脂内的单丝。在各种实施方式中，所述纤维束是由间隙分隔的，所述间隙能够被粘合剂或非粘合树脂填充。

Description

柔性复合材料体系和方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2013年3月13日提交的美国临时专利申请No.61/780,821的优先权，该专利申请通过引用以其整体并入本文。
技术领域
本发明广泛涉及改善的柔性复合材料，并且更具体地涉及包含单方向的纤维增强的层和网布增强材料的改善的柔性复合材料；以及涉及制造其的方法。
发明背景
柔性复合材料广泛用于要求机械柔韧性和高的强度与重量比的应用中。尽管柔性复合材料可以被看作是较大的主体复合材料的一个专门的子集，但它们在许多特定技术领域的重要性是非常显著的。
顾名思义，复合材料组合了两个或多个构成材料，以形成联合的材料组合物。柔性复合材料的一个实例将是嵌入一排柔性纤维中的聚合物基质。
可设想运用柔性复合材料于许多技术领域，从简单的消费产品到先进的航空航天应用。因此，用于快速且经济地生产高质量柔性复合材料的体系将是非常有利的。
发明概述
本公开的各种实施方式通常包含柔性复合材料，该柔性复合材料包含网布增强材料。复合材料包含一个或多个单方向的纤维增强的层，每个层均具有涂布有粘合剂的薄薄地展开的平行纤维(这些层被称为“单向带”(unitape))。根据本发明的一个方面，可以使用纤维束制造薄单向带层，该纤维束由多个单丝组成，所述单丝与聚合物树脂组合并通过旋转模头来被拉挤，使得单丝被展开并彼此平行地取向。根据另一个方面，复合材料包含纺织或无纺的增强辅置网布(laidscrim)。辅置网布是由连续的长丝纱线以开放的网孔构造制成的成本更低的增强织物。辅置网布的制造方法使无纺纱线化学地结合在一起，采用独特的特性使网布增强。辅置网布是向复合材料添加纤维增强材料的一种有成本效益的方式，尤其是在偏斜的取向上(例如约+/-30°，+/-45°，+/-60°)，因为添加单向带斜交层的添加处理步骤被略过并且用插入预制的网布替代。辅置网布可以被预先涂布粘合剂、预先层压成支撑薄膜，或者必要时可以将其夹在单向带层之间并在适当位置用胶粘。
本公开的另一个实施方式通常包含带间隙的柔性复合材料，其由两个或多个层的单向带制成，该单向带具有无粘合剂和无纤维的间隔，以形成网布。使用纤维束制造薄单向带层，该纤维束由多个单丝组成，所述单丝与聚合物树脂组合并通过旋转模头来被拉挤，使得单丝被展开并彼此平行地取向。该实施方式的关键特征是构成单向带的纤维被展开，并且要么，纤维之间的距离是带间隙的，使得在每组单丝之间形成无粘合剂和无纤维的间隔，要么，在单丝已经被展开后去除纤维丝束，得到类似带间隙的单向带。通过将这些单向带层的两个或多个结合在一起来形成网布。额外的薄膜、隔膜、织物、随机取向的无纺物、取向的无纺物、网布或涂层可以被应用于外表面，或者在该复合材料内形成层。
各种实施方式包括由工程纤维构成的随机取向的无纺物、或取向的无纺物的增强类型，工程纤维例如但不限于UHMWPE(例如 )、芳纶(例如)、液晶聚合物(例如)、各种等级的碳纤维、PBO(例如)、尼龙、聚酯(Rayon)、PEN、Nomex和其他防火材料、高温纤维、钢或其他金属纤维，以及它们的组合。这些增强层可以被粘合、熔融、浸渍、挤出或涂布，以使增强材料与单片薄膜(PET、尼龙、ECTFE、氨基甲酸酯等)、透气隔膜(特氟龙、氨基甲酸酯、微孔等)、溶剂或水基分散体、纺织或无纺织物、皮革、单方向的带或其他层组合。
在各种实施方式中，本公开涵盖了制造柔性复合材料的方法，所述方法包括：提供至少一个网布层，并将至少一个纺织织物、无纺织物和/或隔膜层结合到所述至少一个网布层上。在各种实施方式中，网布层包含至少两个单方向的带层，该带层还包含多个平行的纤维束，该纤维束包含在粘合树脂中的单丝，其中纤维束是由间隙分隔的。在各种实施方式中，网布层包含市售的纺织或无纺增强铺置网布。在各种实施方式中，本方法还包括如下步骤：添加透气或不透气的粘合剂来填充所述间隙。
在各种实施方式中，制造柔性复合材料的方法包括：通过如下步骤来生产包含纤维束的薄单向带层，所述纤维束由多个单丝组成，所述步骤为将所述单丝与聚合物树脂组合并通过旋转模头拉挤所述单丝，使得所述单丝通过间隙展开并彼此平行地取向；通过将至少两个所述薄单向带层组合来生产网布层；并且将至少一个纺织织物、无织织物、和/或隔膜层结合到至少一个所述网布层上。在各种实施方式中，该方法还包括去除多丝的步骤，以产生和/或以增强所述间隙。在各种实施方式中，该方法还包括如下步骤：添加透气或不透气的粘合剂来填充所述间隙。
附图简要说明
图1示出了示意性表示根据本公开的产品的部分透视图，其中单向带在两个方向上取向，并与网布和外表面涂层组合，以形成复合材料。
图2示出了示意性表示根据本公开的产品的部分透视图，其中具有间隙的单向带在两个方向上取向，并与外表面涂层组合，以形成复合材料。
发明详述
下面的描述仅仅是各种示例性实施方式，并且不意图以任何方式限制本公开的范围、适用性或配置。更确切地说，下面的描述是为了便于说明各种实施方式(包括最佳方式)的实施。如将显而易见地，在不脱离本公开的原理的情况下，可以对这些实施方式中所描述的特征的功能和排布进行各种改变。
如本文中更详细描述的，本公开的各种实施方式通常包含柔性复合材料，该柔性复合材料包含至少一个网布增强材料。
表1提供了可用于本公开的各个部分的定义和术语表。
表1：定义和术语简表
网布增强的柔性复合材料
根据各种实施方式，本公开提供了一种复合材料，其包含网布增强元件和至少两个单方向的带，在带中具有单丝，所有这种单丝以预定的方向置于带内，其中这种单丝的直径小于约60微米，并且其中在一组邻近的强化单丝内各条单丝之间的间隔在如下范围内：邻接和/或堆叠的单丝之间的间隙距离至所述单丝主直径的约300倍。
根据本发明的一个方面，可以使用纤维束制造薄单向带层，该纤维束由多个单丝组成，所述单丝与聚合物树脂组合并通过旋转模头来被拉挤，使得单丝被展开并彼此平行地取向。根据另一个方面，复合材料包含纺织或无纺增强辅置网布，例如由Saint-GobainADFORS生产的材料。
一般来说，辅置网布是由连续的长丝纱线以开放的网孔构造制成的成本更低的增强织物。辅置网布的制造方法使无纺纱线化学地结合在一起，采用独特的特性使网布增强。辅置网布是向复合材料添加纤维增强材料的一种有成本效益的方式，尤其是在偏斜的取向上(例如约+/-30°，+/-45°，+/-60°)，因为添加单向带斜交层(biasplies)的添加处理步骤被略过并且用插入预制的网布替代。辅置网布可以被预先涂布粘合剂、预先层压成支撑薄膜，或者必要时可以将其夹在单向带层之间并在适当位置用胶粘。
额外的薄膜、辅置网布、隔膜、织物或涂层可以被应用于外表面，或者在该复合材料内形成层。
可用于本体系的网布纤维类型包括但不限于：尼龙、聚酯、UHPWPE(Spectra，Dyneema)，对芳纶(Kevlar，Nomex，Technora，Twaron)、液晶聚合物(Vectran)、聚酰亚胺、其他合成聚合物(PBO、PBI、PIBT、PBZT、PLA、PPTA)、金属纤维、玻璃纤维或其任意组合。
网布特征和益处包括：尺寸稳定性、抗张强度、耐撕裂性。
表2：技术能力和网布特性
网布构造模式
在各种实施方式中，用于本公开的柔性复合材料的各种实施方式中的网布构造模式包括但不限于“肩并肩”(side-by-side)、“上/下”(over/under)、“三方向”(tri-directional)、“四方向”(quad-directional)和“复合”，其中的每一种详细描述于下表3中。
表3：构造模式：
“具有间隙的”(GAPPY)柔性复合材料
根据本公开的各种实施方式的复合材料包含一个或多个单方向的纤维增强的层，每个层均具有涂布有粘合剂的薄薄地展开的平行纤维(这些层被称为“单向带”)。根据一个方面，可以使用纤维束制造薄单向带层，该纤维束由多个单丝组成，所述单丝与聚合物树脂组合并通过旋转模头来被拉挤，使得单丝被展开并彼此平行地取向。在各种实施方式中，构成单向带的纤维被展开，并且要么，纤维之间的距离是“带间隙的”(″gapped″)，使得在每组单丝之间形成无粘合剂和无纤维的间隔，要么，在单丝已经被展开后去除纤维丝束，得到类似带间隙的单向带。可以通过将这些单向带层的两个或多个结合在一起来形成网布。在一个替代的实施方式中，使构成每个纤维的长丝扩张(overspread)，以形成“具有间隙的”单向带。在该实施方式中，长丝之间的距离是“带间隙的”，使得形成无粘合剂和无纤维的间隔。
在各种实施方式中，可以使用透气或不透气的粘合剂来填充间隙。
在各种实施方式中，本公开涵盖制造柔性复合材料的方法，所述方法包括：提供至少一个网布层；并将至少一个纺织织物、无纺织物和/或隔膜层结合到所述至少一个网布层上。在各种实施方式中，网布层包含至少两个单方向的带层，该带层还包含多个平行的纤维束，该纤维束包含在粘合树脂中的单丝，其中纤维束是由间隙分隔的。在各种实施方式中，网布层包含市售的纺织或无纺增强铺置网布。在各种实施方式中，本方法还包括如下步骤：从至少一个单方向的带层去除多丝，以产生和/或以增强所述间隙。在各种实施方式中，本方法还包括如下步骤：添加透气或不透气的粘合剂来填充所述间隙。
在各种实施方式中，制造柔性复合材料的方法包括：通过如下步骤来生产包含纤维束的薄单向带层，所述纤维束由多个单丝组成，所述步骤为将所述单丝与聚合物树脂组合并通过旋转模头拉挤所述单丝，使得所述单丝通过间隙展开并彼此平行地取向；通过将至少两个所述薄单向带层组合来生产网布层；并且将至少一个纺织织物、无织织物、和/或隔膜层结合到至少一个所述网布层上。在各种实施方式中，该方法还包括从至少一个所述单向带中去除多丝的步骤，以产生和/或以增强所述间隙。在各种实施方式中，该方法还包括如下步骤：添加透气或不透气的粘合剂来填充所述间隙。
如图1中所表示，柔性复合材料100包含(a)含有两个或多个单向带层的网布或具有间隙的层；和(b)设置于网布的一侧或两侧上的一个或多个薄膜、带、隔膜、织物或涂层。在图1的实施方式中，例如，单向带层在两个方向上(0°/90°)取向，并且与网布或其他具有间隙的层和任选的外表面涂层组合，以形成复合材料。
图2示意性地表示根据本公开的柔性复合材料100的一个实施方式，其中具有间隙的单向带30和40在两个方向上(大约0°/90°)取向，并且既与网布50又与外表面涂层60和70组合，以形成复合材料100。
上文提到的“具有间隙的”(“Gappy”)柔性复合材料产品是有用的，因为其可以被用于透气隔膜应用中，这是由于无粘合剂/纤维的间隙。该材料比具有长丝的连续层的版本轻一些。此外，与具有长丝连续层的版本相比，该复合材料可以具有改善的悬垂性和成型性。
在各种实施方式中，额外的薄膜、网布、具有间隙的层、隔膜、织物、随机取向的无纺物、取向的无纺物、或涂层可以被应用于外表面，或者在该复合材料内形成层。
各种实施方式包括由工程纤维构成的随机取向的无纺物、或取向的无纺物的增强类型，工程纤维例如但不限于UHMWPE(例如，)、芳族聚酰胺(例如)、液晶聚合物(例如)、各种等级的碳纤维、PBO(例如)、尼龙、聚酯(Rayon)、PEN、Nomex和其他防火材料、高温纤维、钢或其他金属纤维，以及它们的组合。这些增强层可以被粘合、熔融、浸渍、挤出或涂布，以使增强材料与单片薄膜(PET、尼龙、ECTFE、氨基甲酸酯等)、透气隔膜(特氟龙、氨基甲酸酯、微孔等)、溶剂或水基分散体、纺织或无纺织物、皮革、单方向的带或其他层组合。
根据各种实施方式，本公开提供了一种产品，其中所述至少一个单方向的带被连接于所述产品。
在各种实施方式中，本公开的柔性复合材料可以在产品上任意位置处被微调，以提供对刚性、柔性和弹性在期望方向上的控制。
在本公开的各种实施方式中，这种体系本质上包含一个或多个连续的“卷对卷”(″roll-to-roll″)生产方法。在各种实施方式中，这种体系是有效的、价廉的且有用的。
在本公开的各种实施方式中，通过如下步骤使用压强和温度将材料层组合并固化在一起，所述步骤要么是使堆叠的层通过一组受热的轧辊、热压机、受热的真空压机、受热的带压机，要么是将堆叠层放置于真空层压工具中并使堆叠层受热。此外，可以使用外部的压力(例如由高压釜提供)，来提高施加于层上的压力。真空层压工具可以覆盖有施加真空密封于层压工具的真空袋，以提供压力。如本领域技术人员会知晓的，也可以使用的其他层压方法。
应当注意，一些低表面能纤维要求在涂布之前进行表面能修饰，以促进涂层的结合。示例性表面处理包括火焰处理、电晕、等离子体和/或化学处理过程。随后，涂布过程包括但不限于幕涂、间隙涂布、凹版涂布、浸渍涂布、刮刀涂布，计量式棒涂、逆辊涂、辊涂和挤压涂布。
部分或完全固化上文提到的涂层的方法包括但不限于：热辊、烘箱、真空烘箱，使用光、红外和/或UV固化。在本发明体系的一个实施方式中，由于所选择的织物对温度特别敏感，因则使用低温固化粘合剂。例如UWMWPE织物在大于300°F的温度下分解，并且建议的短期持续温度极限是145℃。在另一个实施方式中，由于该涂层更坚固并且在受热和UV暴露时不降解，因而使用热固性或部分热固性粘合剂。在另一个实施方式中，当随后的结合和接合过程要求热塑性涂料时，使用热塑性粘合剂，例如氨基甲酸酯。如果在涂布过程中粘合剂仅被部分固化，则使用随后的固化步骤来使产品完全固化，随后的固化方法包括热辊、烘箱、真空烘箱，使用光、红外或UV固化，和/或高压釜。
在本发明体系的另一个实施方式中，在前面实施方式中所描述的未固化或部分固化的经涂布的织物进行高压釜固化过程。将未固化或部分固化的经涂布的织物置于防粘衬里(例如，包含氟聚合物膜，如特氟龙)的层之间，然后采用的是剥离层和通气装置的层，以及密封于真空袋中的硬衬板上的叠层。高压釜使用受控的温度、压强和真空，来从涂料去除夹带的空气和挥发物，并使涂料流遍及织物的表面和整个厚度。
在各种实施方式中，单向带片材以多个取向形成层，从而形成两方向纤维增强的片材(例如大约0°/90°，+45°/-45°，+30°/-30°)、或四方向纤维增强的片材(例如大约0°/90°/45°/-45°，0°/90°/30°/-30°)，或者其他“定制”(“custom”)取向的纤维增强的片段，可以具有无数种取向和层组合。
在各种实施方式中，在固化过程之前，将至少一种塑料膜(例如PET、PEN、尼龙、氟聚合物、氨基甲酸酯或其他物质)层压到上面提到的实施方式的一侧或两侧，或者层压到上面提到的实施方式的层之间。在另一个实施方式中，在固化过程之前，非浸渍或浸渍的织物被层压至前面实施方式的一侧或两侧，或者上面提到的实施方式的层之间。
在各种实施方式中，复合材料可以包含通过采用颜料或染料升华来着色的基质或隔膜。
在各种实施方式中，可以使用阻燃性粘合剂或聚合物，或者可以添加阻燃剂到其他易燃基质或隔膜中，以提高阻燃性。可以使用阻燃性或自熄性基质树脂或层压或结合性粘合剂，例如Lubrizol88111，使用它们本身或者与阻燃性添加剂组合使用。阻燃性添加剂的实例包括：DOWD.E.R.593BrominatedResin、DOWComing3FireRetardantResin和具有三氧化锑的聚氨酯树脂(例如购自PDMNeptecltd.的EMC-85/10A)，当然其他阻燃性添加剂也可以是适用的。可用于提高阻燃性的阻燃性添加剂包括FyrolFR-2、FyrolHF-4、FyrolPNX、Fyrol6和SaFRon7700，当然其他阻燃性添加剂也可以是适用的。阻燃性和自熄性特征可以被添加到纤维中，例如通过使用阻燃性纤维(诸如Nomex或Kevlar)、陶瓷或金属线长丝，在纤维制造过程中直接添加阻燃性化合物到纤维配制物中，或者通过用包含上文所列阻燃性化合物或其他合适物质的胶料、聚合物或粘合剂来涂布纤维。在制造过程中，用于层压材料中的任何纺织或网布材料可以用供应商提供的阻燃剂预处理，或者用阻燃性化合物涂布并浸泡。
在各种实施方式中，可以向复合材料中加入抗微生物/抗病原体性，例如通过引入添加或涂布于聚合物树脂或织物上的一种或多种抗微生物试剂，以及对用于复合材料的纤维、单丝、线或丝束进行抗微生物处理。典型的材料包括但不限于OXiTitanAntimicrobial、纳米银化合物、吡啶硫酮钠、吡啶硫酮锌2-氟乙醇、1-溴-2-氟乙烷、苯并咪唑、氟罗沙星、1，4-丁烷二磺酸二钠盐、2-(2-吡啶基)异硫脲N-氧化物盐酸盐、季铵盐、2-吡啶硫醇1-氧化物、复合吡啶硫酮锌、复合吡啶硫酮铜、吡啶硫酮镁、双吡啶硫酮、吡啶硫酮、ot-溴肉桂-凝胶(ot-BromoCinnam-Gel)、KFOABC制造的硅胶。纤维形式如线、丝束和单丝可以用银或其他金属纳米粒子处理，或者可以经由化学镀或电镀、真空沉积或用包含银化合物的聚合物、粘合剂或胶料涂布而具有涂覆的银或其他金属涂层；这些涂层能够增强电性质以及抗微生物/抗病原体性。抗微生物/抗病原体材料也可以是合适的。
对于本领域技术人员来说明显的是，可在本发明内作出各种修改和变型而不脱离本发明的精神或范围。因此，本发明旨在涵盖本公开的任何改型和变型，只要它们落在所附权利要求及其等同物的范围内即可。
同样，本发明的众多技术特征和优点被陈述在前述说明书中，包括具有详细描述的设备和/或方法的结构和功能的替代性实施方法。本公开仅为了说明而不意图穷举。对于本领域技术人员来说将会明显的是，可以进行各种修改，尤其是在本发明原则内由所提交的权利要求书所表达的所述术语的广泛的一般含义表示的最大范围内的结构、材料、元件、组件、形状、尺寸和部件排布方面。只要这些各种修改不背离所提交的权利要求的精神和范围，则它们均被包含于此。

Claims (34)

1.柔性复合材料，其包含：
至少一个网布，和结合在一起的至少一个单方向的带层；
其中所述单方向的带层包含多个平行的纤维束，所述纤维束包含在粘合树脂中的单丝。
2.根据权利要求1所述的柔性复合材料，其与至少一个纺织织物结合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的柔性复合材料，其与至少一个随机或取向的无织织物结合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的柔性复合材料，其与至少一个隔膜或薄膜结合。
5.根据权利要求1所述的柔性复合材料，其与至少一个所述网布结合或者被结合在所述网布的一个层之间。
6.根据权利要求1所述的柔性复合材料，其中一个纺织织物被结合在至少一个网布和结合在一起的至少一个单方向的带层之间。
7.根据权利要求1所述的柔性复合材料，其中一个个膜被结合在至少一个网布和结合在一起的至少一个单方向的带层之间。
8.根据权利要求2所述的柔性复合材料，其中所述纺织织物是如下的任意一种：针织物、能想到的方形织物、方平网眼织物、经编针织物和羊毛状织物。
9.根据权利要求1所述的柔性复合材料，其还包含至少一个塑料膜。
10.根据权利要求9所述的柔性复合材料，其中所述塑料膜是如下的任意一种：PET、PEN、尼龙、氟聚合物和氨基甲酸酯。
11.根据权利要求9所述的柔性复合材料，其包含两个塑料膜，所述塑料膜被层压于所述柔性复合材料的两侧。
12.根据权利要求9所述的柔性复合材料，其中所述塑料膜(a)被设置在所述单方向的带层之间，或者(b)被设置在所述纺织织物、无纺织物或隔膜与所述网布之间。
13.根据权利要求1所述的柔性复合材料，其还包含至少一个非浸渍的织物，所述非浸渍的织物(a)被层压于所述柔性复合材料的一侧或两侧，(b)被设置于所述单方向的带层之间，或者(c)被设置于所述纺织织物、无纺织物或隔膜与所述网布之间。
14.柔性复合材料，其包含：
至少两个具有间隙的单方向的带层，所述带层结合在一起以形成网布；
其中所述单方向的带层包含多个平行的纤维束，所述纤维束包含在粘合树脂中的单丝，并且其中所述纤维束是由间隙分隔的。
15.根据权利要求14所述的柔性复合材料，其中所述至少一个网布与至少一个纺织织物结合。
16.根据权利要求14所述的柔性复合材料，其中所述至少一个网布与至少一个随机或取向的无纺织物结合。
17.根据权利要求14所述的柔性复合材料，其中所述至少一个网布与至少一个隔膜或薄膜结合。
18.根据权利要求14所述的柔性复合材料，其中至少一个无纺织物被结合在两个所述网布之间或者所述网布内部的单方向的带层之间。
19.根据权利要求14所述的柔性复合材料，其中一个纺织织物被结合在两个所述网布之间或者所述网布内部的单方向的带层之间。
20.根据权利要求14所述的柔性复合材料，其中一个膜被结合在两个所述网布之间或者所述网布内部的单方向的带层之间。
21.根据权利要求14所述的柔性复合材料，其中所述间隙被至少部分地填充透气或不透气的粘合剂。
22.根据权利要求14所述的柔性复合材料，其还包含至少一个塑料膜。
23.根据权利要求22所述的柔性复合材料，其中所述塑料膜是如下的任意一种：PET、PEN、尼龙、氟聚合物和氨基甲酸酯。
24.根据权利要求22所述的柔性复合材料，其包含两个塑料膜，所述塑料膜被层压于所述柔性复合材料的两侧。
25.根据权利要求22所述的柔性复合材料，其中所述塑料膜(a)被设置在所述单方向的带层之间，或者(b)被设置在所述纺织织物、无纺织物或隔膜与所述网布之间。
26.根据权利要求22所述的柔性复合材料，其还包含至少一个非浸渍的织物，所述非浸渍的织物(a)被层压于所述柔性复合材料的一侧或两侧，(b)被设置于所述单方向的带层之间，或者(c)被设置于所述纺织织物、无纺织物或隔膜与所述网布之间。
27.制造柔性复合材料的方法，所述方法包括：
提供至少两个具有间隙的单方向的带层，所述带层结合在一起以形成网布；并且
使至少一个纺织织物、取向的无纺织物、随机取向的无纺织物、薄膜、或隔膜层结合到所述至少一个网布层上。
28.根据权利要求27所述的方法，其中所述网布层包含至少两个单方向的带层，所述带层还包含多个平行的纤维束，所述纤维束包含在粘合树脂中的多丝，其中所述纤维束是由间隙分隔的。
29.根据权利要求27所述的方法，其还包括如下步骤：从一个或多个所述单方向的带层中去除多丝，以产生和/或以增强所述间隙，其中所述间隙。
30.根据权利要求27所述的方法，其中所述网布层包含市售的纺织或无纺增强铺置网布。
31.根据权利要求28所述的方法，其还包括如下步骤：添加透气或不透气的粘合剂来填充所述间隙。
32.制造柔性复合材料的方法，所述方法包括：
通过如下步骤来生产包含纤维束的薄单向带层，所述纤维束由多个单丝组成，所述步骤为将所述单丝与聚合物树脂组合并通过旋转模头拉挤所述单丝，使得所述单丝通过间隙展开并彼此平行地取向；
通过将至少两个所述薄单向带层组合来生产网布层；并且
将至少一个纺织织物、无织织物、和/或隔膜层结合到至少一个所述网布层上。
33.根据权利要求32所述的方法，其还包括如下步骤：从一个或多个所述单方向的带层中去除多丝，以产生和/或以增强所述间隙。
34.根据权利要求32所述的方法，其还包括如下步骤：添加透气或不透气的粘合剂来填充所述间隙。
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