CN105074371B - 用于确定特别用于熔化金属的冶金炉的耐火衬里的状态的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于确定特别地包含熔化金属的炉(10)的耐火衬里的状态的方法。在该方法中,在已经使用炉(10)之后至少在具有最高磨损程度的位置处测量或确认维护数据、生产数据和壁厚度,连同炉(10)的附加工艺参数。所述数据随后被收集并存储在数据结构中。计算模型从测得或确认的数据或参数中的至少一些产生,并且所述数据或参数借由使用计算和后续分析的计算模型而被评估。因此,能够执行相关或不可缺的确认工艺和后续分析,基于此实现了关于炉衬里以及炉中熔化金属的完整工艺的优化。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于确定冶金炉的耐火衬里的状态的方法,冶金炉优选是根据权利要求1的前序部分的特别用于熔化金属的炉。
背景技术
存在用于构造特别是用于熔化金属的冶金炉的耐火衬里的计算方法,其中,确认的数据或经验数值转换为数学模型。因为采用这些数学模型无法足够准确地检测或考虑冶金炉使用的有效磨损机制,数学确定耐火构造的可能性以及衬里的维护工作非常受限,即仍然必须手工地作出关于炉(例如转炉)的耐火衬里的使用周期的决定。
在根据公开文献WO-A-03/081157用于测量在冶金炉(例如电弧熔炉)的壁和/或底部区域中的耐火衬里的残余厚度的方法中,所确认的测量数据用于已经被识别的磨损区域的后续修补。测量单元在操纵器上被带到这里用于将衬里修补至在冶金炉之上或内的测量位置中,并且随后在其壁和/或底部区域中测量衬里的残余厚度。通过与在炉子作业期开始处测得的衬里的当前轮廓作比较,确认其磨损,基于此随后能够修补耐火衬里。然而采用这种方法,炉衬里的全面确认也是不可能的。
根据公开文献WO-A-2007/107242,公开了一种用于确定冶金坩锅的衬里的壁厚度或磨损的方法,采用用于无接触地感测衬里表面的扫描器系统,通过检测空间固定的参考点而确定扫描器系统的位置和取向并且分配至坩锅的位置。在此使用垂直参考系,并且借由测倾传感器测量两个轴线相对于水平面的倾斜。由扫描器测得的数据能够转换为垂直坐标系,并且坩锅的衬里的相应当前状态的自动测量因此是可能的。
基于这些已知的计算方法或测量方法,本发明的目的是设计一种方法,借助该方法能够优化冶金炉的耐火衬里的使用寿命和工艺本身,并且减少或者几乎消除了用于此目的的手工决定。
发明内容
根据本发明,这个目的由权利要求1的特征实现。
根据本发明的方法预作安排使得相应炉的所有数据被收集并存储在数据结构中,并且从所有测得的并且确认的数据或参数产生计算模型,借由该计算模型,这些数据或参数借由计算和后续分析被评估。
采用根据本发明的这种方法,对于冶金炉,人们不仅能够确认测量值以便识别炉在其已经被使用之后的当前状态,而且也能够执行相关或不可缺的确认工艺和后续分析,由此实现了关于炉衬里和倾倒到炉中并且在后者内处理的熔融体的整个工艺顺序的优化。
在本发明框架内的这种方法的附加的有利细节限定在从属权利要求中。
附图说明
以下借由附图更详细地描述本发明的示例性实施例以及附加的优点。这附图示出了:
图1 被再分为部段的冶金炉的图示纵向截面。
具体实施方式
本方法特别地涉及冶金炉,一个这样的炉10示出在图1的截面中作为示例性实施例。在这个实例中,炉10是转炉,本身是已知的,用于制造钢铁。炉10基本上由金属外壳15、耐火衬里12以及能够联接至气体源(未详细示出)的气体吹洗塞17、18构成。
在操作期间倒入这个炉10中的熔化金属被冶金地处理,例如通过吹工艺,该工艺将不会被描述任何更多细节。通常在钢铁厂中同时使用大量这些转炉10,并且为这些转炉的每一个记录数据。
不用说,本方法能够用于不同的冶金炉,诸如例如用于电炉、高炉、钢包、在有色金属领域中的炉,诸如熔铝炉、铜阳极炉等。
本方法特征也在于其能够同样地用于不同的容器。因此,例如,能够确定操作中所有转炉和钢包的耐火衬里,其中,首先在转炉中处理相同的熔融体并且随后倒入钢包中。
首先,每个炉10的所有数据,再分成组,被收集并且存储在数据结构中。
为了测量作为嵌入金属外壳15内的炉衬里12的组的磨损,这初始地发生在新耐火衬里上,该新耐火衬里通常被设有不同块14、16或壁厚度。这也能够通过测量或者预先指定已知的块14、16的尺寸而发生。此外,记录所使用的块14、16以及所使用的任何注入材料的材料和材料特性。
对于被识别作为生产数据的附加组,记录发生在相应炉10的使用周期期间,诸如熔融体的量、温度、熔融体的成分或炉渣及其厚度、出钢次数、温度分布、处理时间和/或诸如对熔融体的特别添加物的冶金参数。取决于炉的类型,记录前述生产数据的仅一些或全部。
此外,在使用炉10之后,随后进行对衬里12的壁厚度的测量,至少在具有最大磨损的点处,例如当炉是满的时在炉渣的接触点处,但是优选地在整个衬里12的接触点处。如果在许多次出钢之后测量衬里12的壁厚度,在此则是足够的。
随后能够确认其他工艺参数,诸如将熔化金属倒入坩锅或从坩锅抽出熔化金属的方式。
根据本发明,从测得和确认的数据或参数的至少一些产生计算模型,借由该计算模型,通过计算和后续分析评估这些数据或参数。
借由根据本发明产生的这个计算模型,能够优化耐火衬里12的最大使用周期、壁厚度、材料和/或维护数据,或者相反地,熔融体处理的工艺顺序。从这些分析,有时能够在这里作出关于采用或不采用修补而进一步使用衬里的决定。人们不再要求衬里12的使用周期和要确定的其他数值(诸如壁厚度、材料选择等)的手工经验解释,或者如果要求的话仅是有限程度的。
有利地,冶金炉10,诸如例如转炉,被再分为不同的部段1至10,部段1、2、8被指配至上炉部,部段3、7、9被指配至侧炉部,以及部段4、5、6被指配至炉底部。
采用计算模型单个地或者相互独立地评估部段1至10。这个的优点在于,能够对应地考虑炉底部、侧壁或在上炉部中衬里的不同负载。
在计算模型产生之前或期间,数据在记录之后被检查似真性,并且如果一个或多个数值缺乏或异常,后者被相应地校正或删除。在优选地单个检查数据之后,后者被存储作为数据的汇编的有效集合。
有利地,从测得或确认的数据或参数选择减少的数目以用于递归(recurring)计算或分析,这取决于经验数值或者通过计算方法而发生。用于递归计算或分析的对测得或确认数据或参数的这种选择借由算法、例如随机特征选择而发生。
所确认的但是并未被任何进一步利用的其他数据用于统计目的或者用于稍后记录以用于生产误差或类似的重构。
作为本发明的另一优点,借由分析、例如还原分析,在许多次出钢之后从对衬里12的壁厚度的测量值而修改计算模型,借由该计算模型能够考虑所收集和构造的数据而计算或者模拟磨损。这种修改的计算模型也特别适用于测试的目的,以便测试或者模拟工艺顺序或者采取特殊改变。
由如上所描述示例性实施例充分地显示了本发明。不用说,它也能够由其他变形例实现。
因此,炉10在侧面上,以本身已知的方式,设有至少一个其他出口开口(未以任何更多细节示出),通过该出口开口通常使用具有排列成行的多个耐火套管的专用分接头。不用说,这个分接头的状态也被测量并确认,以及包括在根据本发明的计算模型中。
Claims (14)
1.一种用于确定包含熔化金属的炉的耐火衬里的状态的方法,其中,这个耐火衬里(12)的数据被检测或测量并评估,其特征在于,
每个炉(10)的以下测得或建立的数据都被收集并存储在数据结构中,即:
-内部炉衬里(12)的初始耐火构造;
-使用期间的生产数据;
-使用炉(10)之后衬里的壁厚度,至少在具有最大磨损程度的点处;
-附加工艺参数;
在于从测得或确认的数据或参数的至少一些产生计算模型,借由所述计算模型,这些数据或参数借由计算和后续分析被评估。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述数据在记录之后被检查似真性,并且如果一个或多个数值缺乏或者异常,则后者被相应校正或删除。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,在单个地检查所述数据之后,后者被存储作为数据的汇编的有效集合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,从测得或确认的数据或参数选择减少的数目以用于递归计算或分析,这取决于经验数值或者通过计算方法而发生。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,用于递归计算或分析的对测得或确认的数据或参数的这种选择借由算法而发生。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的方法,其特征在于,未被任何进一步利用的其他数据用于统计目的或者用于稍后数据记录。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,在多次出钢之后测量衬里(12)的壁厚度,一方面基于这些测量值这个计算模型做出关于修补炉后进一步使用或不修补炉而进一步使用的决定。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,借由分析在多次出钢之后从对衬里(12)的壁厚度的测量值而修改所述计算模型,借由所述计算模型能够考虑所收集和构造的数据而计算磨损。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,用于这种模拟脑神经元网络的模型是用于测试的目的,以便测试或者模拟来自后者的工艺顺序,并且以便在这个基础上在实际操作中做出特殊改变。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,冶金炉(10)被划分为不同部段并且这个计算模型基于所有测得和确认的数据或参数而相互独立地评估这些部段。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,选择部段一方面分布在炉(10)的周围之上并且在另一方面分布在炉(10)的高度之上。
12.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述初始耐火构造包括材料、材料特性、块的壁厚度和/或注入材料,作为维护数据。
13.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述生产数据包括熔融体的量、温度、熔融体或炉渣的成分及其厚度、出钢次数、温度分布、处理次数和/或冶金参数。
14.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述附加工艺参数包括将熔化金属倒入炉(10)中或从炉(10)抽出熔化金属的方式。
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