CN104938270B - The cultural method of arhat matrimony vine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating luohan wolfberry, including site selection and preparation, planting, picking, pruning, field management, and stubble leveling; the field management includes fertilizer and water management, pest management and weeding. The cultivation method of luohan lycium barbarum disclosed by the invention effectively increases the output of fresh buds and fresh leaves of luohan lycium barbarum by rationally increasing the plant density of luohan lycium barbarum, reducing the plant height and reasonable fertilizer and water management.

Description

The cultivation method of Luohan wolfberry

technical field

The invention relates to a method for cultivating economic forest trees and fruit trees, in particular to a method for cultivating luohan wolfberry.

Background technique

As a newly discovered variety of wolfberry, Luohan wolfberry is produced in Kuancheng, Chengde City, Hebei. Kuancheng has a temperate continental monsoon mountain climate with four distinct seasons, which is very conducive to the growth of Luohan wolfberry. In the past, wolfberry was cultivated for the purpose of harvesting fruit, so attention should be paid to the extension space of branches, and the density should not be too large. Arhat Lycium barbarum does not bloom or bear fruit. The purpose of cultivation is to eat fresh buds and fresh leaves. Therefore, the traditional cultivation method of Lycium barbarum is not suitable for Arhat Lycium barbarum.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above existing problems, the present invention discloses a method for cultivating Lycium barbarum arhat, including site selection and preparation, planting, picking, pruning, field management, and stubble cultivation; the field management includes fertilizer, water, disease and pest management, and weeding. The specific steps are as follows:

1. Site selection and preparation

There are many types of land suitable for the cultivation of luohan wolfberry. The surrounding environment is good, the terrain is flat, the soil is fertile, the soil layer is thick (soil layer above 80cm), the soil pH value is 6.4-7.1, and the soil texture is light loam. Before planting, basal fertilizer should be applied, 4000-5000kg of organic fertilizer per mu, 40kg of three-element compound fertilizer, deep plowing (rotary tillage) after spreading, and rake leveling.

The organic fertilizer is a mixture of one or several kinds of decomposed sheep manure, cow manure, pig manure, etc.; design cultivation plots, irrigation channels, management roads, and set up micro-spray or drip irrigation facilities.

2. Planting

(1) Planting density

The reasonable density for the fast-acting and high-yield of Arhat Lycium barbarum is 1.6m, of which 1.2m is the border, and 0.4m is the channel. There are 4 rows planted in the border, with an average of 30cm per row, a plant spacing of 20cm, and a density of 8,400 plants per mu.

(2) Planting method and time

Because the survival rate of wolfberry cuttings is very high, the method of direct cuttings saves time and effort. The cutting branches should be old branches with a diameter of more than 0.4cm, which are more than one year old. They should be picked from the base after falling in autumn, and then cut into 12-15cm cuttings with fruit trees. Cover plastic with sand to keep moisture or dig pits in the field for storage. When cutting, dig a ditch in the furrow according to the plan, the ditch depth is 15-20cm, position the cuttings according to the growth direction and insert them obliquely (45°) into the soil, the cuttings leak 1-3cm from the ground, and then cover with soil, after insertion, small water and shallow irrigation, to promote branch germination . The cuttings can be planted all year round in the greenhouse, and the land can be planted in early spring from early April to early May.

3. Picking

When the bud tip of Luohan wolfberry grows to one core and five leaves, it can be picked. The part of the young stem tip of Luohan wolfberry that is picked lightly by hand has the lowest fibrosis, and can be used as a vegetable or processed bud tea. Picked shoots will soon grow branches for later picking.

4. Pruning

In order to allow the plants to issue more branches and leaves, it is better to control the plant height at 40-45 cm. When the tender stem tip reaches 35cm, control the picking layer in time, turn back in time for aging branches and keep the picking layer at 40cm, so as to promote the sprouting of tender shoots. During the picking period, the edge of the tea row is trimmed to keep a gap of about 20 cm between the tea rows to facilitate field operations, ventilation and light transmission, and reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests.

5. Field management

(1) Fertilizer and water management

The purpose of Luohan wolfberry is to pick young shoots, and the water and fertilizer are mainly for promoting.

During the growth stage, most of the nutrition of Luo Han wolfberry is concentrated in young organs such as stems and leaves. According to the measurement, the crude protein content of the tender stem tip of Luohan wolfberry is more than 40%. Or apply with irrigation water. According to the growth conditions in the field, it is advisable to apply topdressing fertilizer every 20 to 30 days; it is best to cover with a layer of decomposed sheep manure or cow manure after stubble in autumn. The topdressing is preferably one or more of biogas liquid, decomposed farmyard manure, urea, compound fertilizer and flushing fertilizer.

There is no fixed irrigation period for the water management of Luohan wolfberry. In production, when the land is dry and the relative soil moisture content is lower than 70%, the irrigation period is defined as the irrigation period. Arhat Lycium barbarum is a woody plant, and the water absorption area of the root tip is deep, and the purpose of irrigation cannot be achieved by pouring small water, so it must be watered thoroughly every time.

(2) Pest management

Diseases and insect pests of Luohan wolfberry are relatively rare, and the occurrence period is often in the non-picking period. If it occurs during the picking period, agricultural, physical and biological control such as building insect nets should be the main method. Picking should be stopped when the diseases and insect pests are serious in July and August, and low-toxicity spraying must be selected. Pesticides should be applied in turns after picking, and picked after reaching a safe isolation period. The following lists two common pest control.

a. Lycium barbarum aphid

There are about 15 generations a year, and the density of aphids is the highest from May to July. During the peak period of damage in June, 800-1200 times of 3.4% matrine or 1500-2000 times of 3% acetamidin are sprayed for control.

b. Goji worm

In mid-April when wolfberry begins to germinate and mid-June when wolfberry negative mudworm is the peak of damage, spray with 2.5% imidacloprid EC 3000-4000 times.

(3) weeding

The weeding of Luo Han wolfberry is all done manually, and no herbicides are used to ensure its pollution-free growth environment.

6. Flat stubble

The luohan wolfberry should be stubbled in time before overwintering or germination in spring. The luohan wolfberry produced in the greenhouse for many years should also be stubbled once a year to ensure that the plants are strong and the bud tips are thick. The flat stubble can be cut with a sickle or mowing motor tools, and the stubble is 2 to 4 cm. Because the pests overwinter on the branches in winter, the pruned branches should be burned in time.

Beneficial effect: the invention discloses a cultivation method of luohan lycium, which improves the output of fresh buds and leaves of luohan lycium by rationally increasing the plant density of luohan lycium, reducing the plant height and reasonable fertilizer and water management.

detailed description

The present invention is described in further detail in combination with examples.

The method for cultivating luohan wolfberry includes site selection and site preparation, planting, picking, pruning, field management, and stubble cultivation; the field management includes fertilizer, water, disease and pest management, and weeding. The specific steps are as follows:

1. Site selection and preparation

There are many types of land suitable for the cultivation of luohan wolfberry. The surrounding environment is good, the terrain is flat, the soil is fertile, the soil layer is thick (soil layer above 80cm), the soil pH value is 6.4-7.1, and the soil texture is light loam. Before planting, basal fertilizer should be applied, 4000-5000kg of organic fertilizer per mu, 40kg of three-element compound fertilizer, deep plowing (rotary tillage) after spreading, and rake leveling.

The organic fertilizer is a mixture of one or several kinds of decomposed sheep manure, cow manure, pig manure, etc.; design cultivation plots, irrigation channels, management roads, and set up micro-spray or drip irrigation facilities.

2. Planting

(1) Planting density

The reasonable density for the fast-acting and high-yield Arhat Lycium barbarum is to adopt a 1.6m area, of which 1.2m is the border, and 0.4m is the channel. There are 4 rows planted in the border, with an average of 30cm per row, a plant spacing of 20cm, and a density of 8,400 plants per mu.

(2) Planting method and time

Because the survival rate of wolfberry cuttings is very high, the method of direct cuttings saves time and effort. The cutting branches should be old branches with a diameter of more than 0.4cm, which are more than one year old. They are picked from the base after the leaves fall in autumn, and then cut into 12-15cm cuttings with fruit trees, tied with straw ropes, etc., and put them neatly into the cellar for sand cultivation. Cover with plastic to keep moisture or dig pits in the field for storage. When cutting, dig a ditch in the furrow according to the plan, the ditch depth is 15-20cm, position the cuttings according to the growth direction and insert them obliquely (45°) into the soil, the cuttings leak 1-3cm from the ground, and then cover with soil, after insertion, small water and shallow irrigation, to promote branch germination . The cuttings can be planted all year round in the greenhouse, and the land can be planted in early spring from early April to early May.

3. Picking

When the bud tip of Luohan wolfberry grows to one core and five leaves, it can be picked. The part of the young stem tip of Luohan wolfberry that is picked lightly by hand has the lowest fibrosis, and can be used as a vegetable or processed bud tea. Picked shoots will soon grow branches for later picking.

4. Pruning

In order to allow the plants to issue more branches and leaves, it is better to control the plant height at 40-45 cm. When the tender stem tip reaches 35cm, control the picking layer in time, turn back in time for aging branches and keep the picking layer at 40cm, so as to promote the sprouting of tender shoots. During the picking period, the edge of the tea row is trimmed to keep a gap of about 20 cm between the tea rows to facilitate field operations, ventilation and light transmission, and reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests.

5. Field management

(1) Fertilizer and water management

The purpose of Luohan wolfberry is to pick young shoots, and the water and fertilizer are mainly for promoting.

During the growth stage, most of the nutrition of Luo Han wolfberry is concentrated in young organs such as stems and leaves. It has been determined that the crude protein content of the tender stem tips of Luo Han lycium barbarum is more than 40%. Or apply with irrigation water. According to the growth conditions in the field, it is advisable to apply topdressing fertilizer every 20 to 30 days; it is best to cover with a layer of decomposed sheep manure or cow manure after stubble in autumn. The topdressing is preferably one or more of biogas liquid, decomposed farmyard manure, urea, compound fertilizer and flushing fertilizer.

There is no fixed irrigation period for the water management of Luohan wolfberry. In production, when the land is dry and the relative soil moisture content is lower than 70%, the irrigation period is defined as the irrigation period. Arhat Lycium barbarum is a woody plant, and the water absorption area of the root tip is deep, and the purpose of irrigation cannot be achieved by pouring small water, so it must be watered thoroughly every time.

(4) Disease and pest management

Diseases and insect pests of Luohan wolfberry are relatively rare, and the occurrence period is often in the non-picking period. If it occurs during the picking period, agricultural, physical and biological control such as setting up insect nets should be the main method. Picking should be stopped when the diseases and insect pests are serious in July and August, and low toxicity must be selected for spraying. Pesticides should be applied in turns after picking, and picked after reaching a safe isolation period. The following lists two common pest control.

a. Lycium barbarum aphid

There are about 15 generations a year, and the density of aphids is the highest from May to July. During the peak period of damage in June, 800-1200 times of 3.4% matrine or 1500-2000 times of 3% acetamidin are sprayed for control.

b. Lycium barbarum negative mud worm

In mid-April when wolfberry begins to germinate and mid-June when wolfberry negative mudworm is the peak of damage, spray with 2.5% imidacloprid EC 3000-4000 times.

(5) weeding

The weeding of Luo Han wolfberry is all done manually, and no herbicides are used to ensure its pollution-free growth environment.

6. Flat stubble

The Luo Han wolfberry should be stubbled in time before overwintering or germination in spring. The Luo Han wolfberry produced in the greenhouse for many years should also be stubbled once a year to ensure that the plants are strong and the bud tips are thick. The flat stubble can be cut with a sickle or mowing motor tools, and the stubble is 2 to 4 cm. Because the pests overwinter on the branches in winter, the pruned branches should be burned in time.

The specific implementations above are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, rather than limiting the implementations. For those of ordinary skill in the art, on the basis of the above description, other changes or changes in different forms can also be made, and it is not necessary and impossible to exhaustively enumerate all the implementation modes here, and the obvious Variations or variations are still within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. the cultural method of arhat matrimony vine, it is characterised in that including selection of land and site preparation, plant, harvesting, trimming, field management, flat Stubble；Shown in comprising the following steps that：

(1) selection of land and site preparation

It is adapted to the soil species of arhat medlar cultivation a lot, selection surrounding environment is good, physical features is flat, fertile soil, soil layer 80cm Above, soil pH value is 6.4~7.1, and the soil texture is light loamy texture；Base manure is spread fertilizer over the fields before plant, every mu is applied 4000~5000kg Organic fertilizer, three element compound fertilizer 40kg are ploughed deeply or rotary tillage after spreading, and are raked whole thin；

(2) transplant

1. planting density

The rational density of the quick-acting high yields of arhat matrimony vine, using the bands of 1.6m mono-, wherein 1.2m is furrow, and 0.4m is passage, and 4 are transplanted in furrow OK, average 30cm a line, spacing in the rows 20cm, 8400 plants of mu density；

2. planting system and time

By the way of cuttage；Cuttage branch should select annual more than above branch diameter 0.4cm old branch, fall in the fall Adopted down after leaf from base portion, 12~15cm cuttings is then cut into fruit tree, divided being bundled with straw rope, neat is put into cellar training Husky plastic covering moisturizing or field are digged pit and stored for future use；Ditched during cuttage by planning in furrow, 15~20cm of ditch depth, by cuttings Buried by the direction of growth 45 ° of oblique cutting of positioning, cuttings is basseted 1~3cm, then earthing, small water light irrigation after inserting, and promotes branch hair Bud；In greenhouse throughout the year can cuttage plant, plant at the beginning of land first arrival in April in early spring 5 months；

(3) pluck

It can be plucked when the bud point of arhat matrimony vine grows to five leaf of core；

(4) trim

Plant height is controlled at 40~45 centimetres；When the tender stem tip reaches 35cm, picking layer is controlled in time, it is timely for the branch of aging Later stump, picking layer is kept in 40cm, to promote the eruption of spray；Collecting period carries out arhat matrimony vine plant row edge and repaiied Cut, keep arhat matrimony vine plant in the ranks 20cm or so gap, with sharp farm work and ventilation and penetrating light, reduce pest and disease damage；

(5) field management

1. rich water quality management

Arhat matrimony vine rich water is based on promoting；

Nitrogen manure is supplemented in growth phase, with row replacement, spreads fertilizer over the fields or is applied with irrigation water；According to field growing way situation every 20~ Impose within 30 days a top dressing；One layer of decay sheep excrement or cow dung are covered after autumn stump；

The water management of arhat matrimony vine produces without the watering period of fixation and is less than land for building hair shaft, soil relative water content It is set to Irrigation Period when 70%；Watering will irrigate every time；

2. disease pest management

If disease pest occurs in the collecting period, using subregion, fly net is plucked or built to dispenser come insect prevention in turn, specifically includes：

A, Wolfberry Aphid

Using 1500~2000 times of liquid spraying preventing and treatings of 3.4% kushenin, 800~1200 times of liquid or 3% Acetamiprid；

B, Lema decempunctata

Using 2.5% imidacloprid missible oil, 3000~4000 times of liquid sprayings；

3. weeding

The weeding of arhat matrimony vine all using manual type, does not use herbicide to ensure its free of contamination growing environment；

(6) stump

1 year stump of arhat matrimony vine that greenhouse produces all the year round is once；Stump is cut using reaping hook or mowing power-driven tool, toothing 2 ~4cm；Branch after trimming should burn in time.

2. the cultural method of arhat matrimony vine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the organic fertilizer is decay sheep excrement, ox One or more of mixing of excrement, pig manure.

3. the cultural method of arhat matrimony vine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the top dressing is with methane liquid, decomposed agriculture Family's fertilizer, urea, Chemical Mixed Fertilizer, the one or more of punching fertilising are used alternatingly.