The cultural method of arhat matrimony vine
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultural method of the cultural method of commodity trees fruit tree, particularly arhat matrimony vine.
Background technology
Arhat matrimony vine is produced as newfound matrimony vine kind and belongs to temperate zone continental season in Chengde city Kuan Cheng, wide city
Wind type mountain climate, makes a clear distinction between the four seasons, and is advantageous to the growth of arhat matrimony vine.The cultivation of conventional matrimony vine is using picking fruit as mesh
, so focusing on the wider space of branch, density is unsuitable excessive.Arhat matrimony vine does not bloom not result, cultivate with search for food fresh bud and
For the purpose of fresh leaf, so traditional medlar cultivation method is not suitable for arhat matrimony vine.
The content of the invention
To solve existing problem above, the invention discloses the cultural method of arhat matrimony vine, including selection of land and site preparation, cultivation
Plant, harvesting, trimming, field management, stump;The field management includes the management of rich water disease pest and weeding.Comprise the following steps that institute
Show:
1st, selection of land and site preparation
It is adapted to the soil species of arhat medlar cultivation a lot, selection surrounding environment is good, physical features is flat, fertile soil, soil layer
Thicker (more than soil layer 80cm), soil pH value are 6.4~7.1, and the soil texture is that light loamy texture is preferred.Base manure is spread fertilizer over the fields before plant,
Every mu is applied 4000~5000kg organic fertilizers, three element compound fertilizer 40kg, (rotary tillage) is ploughed deeply after spreading, and is raked whole thin.
The organic fertilizer is one or more of mixing of decay sheep excrement, cow dung, pig manure etc.;Design cultivation cell and irrigation
Channel, management road, micro- spray or drip irrigation facilities are set.
2nd, transplant
(1) planting density
The rational density of the quick-acting high yields of arhat matrimony vine, using the bands of 1.6m mono-, wherein 1.2m is furrow, and 0.4m is passage, in furrow
4 rows are transplanted, average 30cm a line, spacing in the rows 20cm, 8400 plants of mu density.
(2) planting system and time
Because matrimony vine cuttage survival rate is very high, time saving and energy saving by the way of cuttage.Cuttage branch should select one
Year raw more than above branch diameter 0.4cm old branch, when falling in the fall after adopted down from base portion, be then cut into 12 with fruit tree~
The binding such as 15cm cuttings, point handle straw rope, it is neat be put into cellar train husky plastic covering moisturizing or field dig pit store it is standby
With.Ditched during cuttage by planning in furrow, 15~20cm of ditch depth, cuttings is positioned into oblique cutting (45 °) by the direction of growth and buried, cuttings
1~3cm of ground is spilt, then earthing, small water light irrigation after inserting, promote branch germination.In greenhouse throughout the year can cuttage plant,
Land first arrival in April in early spring is transplanted at the beginning of 5 months.
3rd, pluck
It can be plucked when the bud point of arhat matrimony vine grows to five leaf of core, tender arhat matrimony vine stem apex hand is gently adopted to get off
Few fibersization it is minimum, as dish use or process young tea leaves.Branch after harvesting can grow branch quickly, for adopting later
Pluck.
4th, trim
In order to allow plant to send more branches and leaves, plant height is controlled at 40~45 centimetres preferably.When the tender stem tip reaches 35cm,
Control picking layer in time, turn one's head stump in time for the branch of aging, picking layer is kept in 40cm, to promote sprouting for spray
Go out.Collecting period carries out tea row edge pruning, keeps tea in the ranks 20cm or so gap, with sharp farm work and ventilation and penetrating light, subtracts
Lack pest and disease damage.
5th, field management
(1) rich water quality management
Arhat matrimony vine is for the purpose of plucking tender shoots, and liquid manure is based on promoting.
In growth phase, arhat Chinese-wolfberry nutritive is largely focused in the tender organ such as cauline leaf.Arhat matrimony vine according to surveying and determination
For tender stem point gross protein value up to more than 40%, arhat matrimony vine so will result in soil nitrogen using tender stem point as cutting
It is a large amount of to be lost in, so nitrogen manure should be supplemented in time, with row replacement, spread fertilizer over the fields or applied with irrigation water.It is every according to field growing way situation
A top dressing was imposed every 20~30 days to be advisable;One layer of decay sheep excrement or cow dung are preferably covered after autumn stump.The top dressing is with excellent
The methane liquid of choosing, well-rotted farmyard manure, urea, Chemical Mixed Fertilizer, the one or more of punching fertilising are used alternatingly.
The water management of arhat matrimony vine produces land for building hair shaft, soil relative water content is low without the watering period of fixation
It is set to Irrigation Period when 70%.Arhat matrimony vine is xylophyta, and tip of a root suction zones are deep, pour the purpose that small water does not reach irrigation, often
Secondary watering will irrigate.
(2) disease pest management
Arhat matrimony vine diseases and pests are more rare, and the phase occurs often in the non-collecting period, if occurring in the collecting period to build insect prevention
The agriculturals such as net, physics, based on biological control, 7, August part disease pest it is serious when stop harvesting, spray must select low-toxin farm chemicals, adopt
The dispenser in turn of rear subregion is plucked, reaches and plucks again after the security isolation phase.It is exemplified below the preventing and treating of two kinds of common pests.
A, Wolfberry Aphid
Occurred within 1 year for about 15 generations, 5 to July, aphid density was maximum, the hazard boom phase in June, with 3.4% kushenin 800~
1200 times of liquid or 3% pyridine worm narrow 1500~2000 times of liquid spraying preventing and treatings.
B, structure Qi scotellaris
Mid-April matrimony vine start germination and mid-June Lema decempunctata be the hazard boom phase, using 2.5% imidacloprid
3000~4000 times of liquid sprayings of missible oil.
(3) weeding
The weeding of arhat matrimony vine all using manual type, does not use herbicide to ensure its free of contamination growing environment.
6th, stump
Timely stump is answered before arhat matrimony vine survives the winter or before spring germination, the arhat matrimony vine that greenhouse produces all the year round also should for 1 year
Stump once, ensures that robust plant, bud point are plump.Stump is cut using reaping hook or mowing power-driven tool, 2~4cm of toothing.By
Survived the winter in disease pest winter on branch, the branch after trimming should burn in time.
Beneficial effect:The invention discloses the cultural method of arhat matrimony vine, by rationally increase arhat matrimony vine plant spacing,
Reduce plant height and rational rich water quality management improves the yield of the fresh bud fresh leaf of arhat matrimony vine.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further details in conjunction with the embodiments.
The cultural method of arhat matrimony vine, including selection of land and site preparation, plant, harvesting, trimming, field management, stump;The field
Between management include the management of rich water disease pest and weeding.Shown in comprising the following steps that:
1st, selection of land and site preparation
It is adapted to the soil species of arhat medlar cultivation a lot, selection surrounding environment is good, physical features is flat, fertile soil, soil layer
Thicker (more than soil layer 80cm), soil pH value are 6.4~7.1, and the soil texture is that light loamy texture is preferred.Base manure is spread fertilizer over the fields before plant,
Every mu is applied 4000~5000kg organic fertilizers, three element compound fertilizer 40kg, (rotary tillage) is ploughed deeply after spreading, and is raked whole thin.
The organic fertilizer is one or more of mixing of decay sheep excrement, cow dung, pig manure etc.;Design cultivation cell and irrigation
Channel, management road, micro- spray or drip irrigation facilities are set.
2nd, transplant
(1) planting density
The rational density of the quick-acting high yields of arhat matrimony vine, using the bands of 1.6m mono-, wherein 1.2m is furrow, and 0.4m is passage, in furrow
4 rows are transplanted, average 30cm a line, spacing in the rows 20cm, 8400 plants of mu density.
(2) planting system and time
Because matrimony vine cuttage survival rate is very high, time saving and energy saving by the way of cuttage.Cuttage branch should select one
Year raw more than above branch diameter 0.4cm old branch, are adopted down after falling leaves in the fall from base portion, then 12 are cut into fruit tree~
The binding such as 15cm cuttings, point handle straw rope, it is neat be put into cellar train husky plastic covering moisturizing or field dig pit store it is standby
With.Ditched during cuttage by planning in furrow, 15~20cm of ditch depth, cuttings is positioned into oblique cutting (45 °) by the direction of growth and buried, cuttings
1~3cm of ground is spilt, then earthing, small water light irrigation after inserting, promote branch germination.In greenhouse throughout the year can cuttage plant,
Land first arrival in April in early spring is transplanted at the beginning of 5 months.
3rd, pluck
It can be plucked when the bud point of arhat matrimony vine grows to five leaf of core, tender arhat matrimony vine stem apex hand is gently adopted to get off
Few fibersization it is minimum, as dish use or process young tea leaves.Branch after harvesting can grow branch quickly, for adopting later
Pluck.
4th, trim
In order to allow plant to send more branches and leaves, plant height is controlled at 40~45 centimetres preferably.When the tender stem tip reaches 35cm,
Control picking layer in time, turn one's head stump in time for the branch of aging, picking layer is kept in 40cm, to promote sprouting for spray
Go out.Collecting period carries out tea row edge pruning, keeps tea in the ranks 20cm or so gap, with sharp farm work and ventilation and penetrating light, subtracts
Lack pest and disease damage.
5th, field management
(1) rich water quality management
Arhat matrimony vine is for the purpose of plucking tender shoots, and liquid manure is based on promoting.
In growth phase, arhat Chinese-wolfberry nutritive is largely focused in the tender organ such as cauline leaf.Arhat matrimony vine according to surveying and determination
For tender stem point gross protein value up to more than 40%, arhat matrimony vine so will result in soil nitrogen using tender stem point as cutting
It is a large amount of to be lost in, so nitrogen manure should be supplemented in time, with row replacement, spread fertilizer over the fields or applied with irrigation water.It is every according to field growing way situation
A top dressing was imposed every 20~30 days to be advisable;One layer of decay sheep excrement or cow dung are preferably covered after autumn stump.The top dressing is with excellent
The methane liquid of choosing, well-rotted farmyard manure, urea, Chemical Mixed Fertilizer, the one or more of punching fertilising are used alternatingly.
The water management of arhat matrimony vine produces land for building hair shaft, soil relative water content is low without the watering period of fixation
It is set to Irrigation Period when 70%.Arhat matrimony vine is xylophyta, and tip of a root suction zones are deep, pour the purpose that small water does not reach irrigation, often
Secondary watering will irrigate.
(4) disease pest management
Arhat matrimony vine diseases and pests are more rare, and the phase occurs often in the non-collecting period, if occurring in the collecting period to build insect prevention
The agriculturals such as net, physics, based on biological control, 7, August part disease pest it is serious when stop harvesting, spray must select low-toxin farm chemicals, adopt
The dispenser in turn of rear subregion is plucked, reaches and plucks again after the security isolation phase.It is exemplified below the preventing and treating of two kinds of common pests.
A, Wolfberry Aphid
Occurred within 1 year for about 15 generations, 5 to July, aphid density was maximum, the hazard boom phase in June, with 3.4% kushenin 800~
1200 times of liquid or 3% pyridine worm narrow 1500~2000 times of liquid spraying preventing and treatings.
B, Lema decempunctata
Mid-April matrimony vine start germination and mid-June Lema decempunctata be the hazard boom phase, using 2.5% imidacloprid
3000~4000 times of liquid sprayings of missible oil.
(5) weeding
The weeding of arhat matrimony vine all using manual type, does not use herbicide to ensure its free of contamination growing environment.
6th, stump
Timely stump is answered before arhat structure Qi is survived the winter or before spring germination, the arhat matrimony vine that greenhouse produces all the year round also should for 1 year
Stump once, ensures that robust plant, bud point are plump.Stump is cut using reaping hook or mowing power-driven tool, 2~4cm of toothing.By
Survived the winter in disease pest winter on branch, the branch after trimming should burn in time.
Above-mentioned embodiment is only intended to clearly illustrate example of the present invention, and not to embodiment
Limit.For those of ordinary skill in the field, other multi-forms can also be made on the basis of the above description
Change or variation, there is no necessity and possibility to exhaust all the enbodiments, and thus amplifies out apparent
Change or change still in protection scope of the present invention.