CN104934173A - 电压非线性电阻元件及其制法 - Google Patents

电压非线性电阻元件及其制法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN104934173A
CN104934173A CN201510121872.8A CN201510121872A CN104934173A CN 104934173 A CN104934173 A CN 104934173A CN 201510121872 A CN201510121872 A CN 201510121872A CN 104934173 A CN104934173 A CN 104934173A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
earth metal
zinc oxide
rare earth
metal oxide
voltage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201510121872.8A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
山崎哲
早濑彻
森本健司
川崎真司
武内幸久
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NGK Insulators Ltd
Original Assignee
NGK Insulators Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by NGK Insulators Ltd filed Critical NGK Insulators Ltd
Publication of CN104934173A publication Critical patent/CN104934173A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01CRESISTORS
    • H01C7/00Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/105Varistor cores
    • H01C7/108Metal oxide
    • H01C7/112ZnO type
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/453Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zinc, tin, or bismuth oxides or solid solutions thereof with other oxides, e.g. zincates, stannates or bismuthates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/62605Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
    • C04B35/62695Granulation or pelletising
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B37/00Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
    • C04B37/003Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating by means of an interlayer consisting of a combination of materials selected from glass, or ceramic material with metals, metal oxides or metal salts
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B37/00Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
    • C04B37/003Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating by means of an interlayer consisting of a combination of materials selected from glass, or ceramic material with metals, metal oxides or metal salts
    • C04B37/005Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating by means of an interlayer consisting of a combination of materials selected from glass, or ceramic material with metals, metal oxides or metal salts consisting of glass or ceramic material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B37/00Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
    • C04B37/003Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating by means of an interlayer consisting of a combination of materials selected from glass, or ceramic material with metals, metal oxides or metal salts
    • C04B37/006Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating by means of an interlayer consisting of a combination of materials selected from glass, or ceramic material with metals, metal oxides or metal salts consisting of metals or metal salts
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01CRESISTORS
    • H01C17/00Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01CRESISTORS
    • H01C7/00Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01CRESISTORS
    • H01C7/00Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/102Varistor boundary, e.g. surface layers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01CRESISTORS
    • H01C7/00Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/18Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material comprising a plurality of layers stacked between terminals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3217Aluminum oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3217Aluminum oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina
    • C04B2235/322Transition aluminas, e.g. delta or gamma aluminas
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3284Zinc oxides, zincates, cadmium oxides, cadmiates, mercury oxides, mercurates or oxide forming salts thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3286Gallium oxides, gallates, indium oxides, indates, thallium oxides, thallates or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. zinc gallate
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/44Metal salt constituents or additives chosen for the nature of the anions, e.g. hydrides or acetylacetonate
    • C04B2235/443Nitrates or nitrites
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/54Particle size related information
    • C04B2235/5418Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
    • C04B2235/5436Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof micrometer sized, i.e. from 1 to 100 micron
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/54Particle size related information
    • C04B2235/5418Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
    • C04B2235/5454Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof nanometer sized, i.e. below 100 nm
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/65Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
    • C04B2235/658Atmosphere during thermal treatment
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/70Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
    • C04B2235/96Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/02Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/04Ceramic interlayers
    • C04B2237/06Oxidic interlayers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/02Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/04Ceramic interlayers
    • C04B2237/06Oxidic interlayers
    • C04B2237/066Oxidic interlayers based on rare earth oxides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/02Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/12Metallic interlayers
    • C04B2237/125Metallic interlayers based on noble metals, e.g. silver
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/02Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/12Metallic interlayers
    • C04B2237/126Metallic interlayers wherein the active component for bonding is not the largest fraction of the interlayer
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/30Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
    • C04B2237/32Ceramic
    • C04B2237/34Oxidic
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/50Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/70Forming laminates or joined articles comprising layers of a specific, unusual thickness
    • C04B2237/708Forming laminates or joined articles comprising layers of a specific, unusual thickness of one or more of the interlayers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/50Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/72Forming laminates or joined articles comprising at least two interlayers directly next to each other
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01CRESISTORS
    • H01C7/00Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/1006Thick film varistors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01CRESISTORS
    • H01C7/00Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/12Overvoltage protection resistors
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49082Resistor making

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
  • Non-Adjustable Resistors (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及电压非线性电阻元件及其制法,在氧化锌系电压非线性电阻元件中,将高电流区域中的钳位电压抑制得低。电压非线性电阻元件(10)具备:电阻体(14),具有一个将以氧化锌为主成分且体积电阻率小于1.0×10-2Ωcm的氧化锌陶瓷层(12a)和以稀土金属氧化物为主成分的稀土金属氧化物层(12b)接合而成的接合体(12);和,一对电极(16)、(18),以导电路径横穿氧化锌陶瓷层(12a)与稀土金属氧化物层(12b)的接合面的方式形成于电阻体(14)。该元件(10)中,作为接合体(12)的氧化锌陶瓷层(12a)使用体积电阻率比以往低的氧化锌陶瓷层。因此能够将高电流区域的钳位电压抑制得比以往低。

Description

电压非线性电阻元件及其制法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电压非线性电阻元件及其制法。
背景技术
电压非线性电阻元件(压敏电阻元件),是将电压非线性电阻体用一对电极夹持结构的元件,作为保护电子电路等抵御异常电压的元件,广泛利用于湿度传感器、温度传感器等各种传感器。作为这种电压非线性电阻元件,专利文献1公开了一种用一对电极夹持下述结构的电阻体而成的元件,所述电阻体为氧化锌陶瓷层与M1-xAxBO3(M:稀土类元素,A:Sr及Ba的至少一种,B:Mn及Co中的至少一种,x≦0.4)所表示的金属氧化物层接合成的结构。电阻体通过使氧化锌陶瓷与金属氧化物在未烧结的状态下接合并在1200~1350℃烧结成一体来制造。此外,氧化锌陶瓷层的电阻率为0.001~数Ωmm(=10-4~10-1Ωcm)。予以说明的是,电阻率与体积电阻率相同。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本专利第4123957号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的问题
然而,虽然专利文献1中记载了在使1mA的电流流过电压非线性电阻元件时的两端电压V1mA为4V左右,但没有研究高电流区域(例如使20A/cm2的电流流过时)的电压。
本发明是为了解决这样的问题而完成的,其主要目的在于,在氧化锌系的电压非线性电阻元件中,将高电流区域中的钳位电压抑制得低。
用于解决问题的手段
本发明的电压非线性电阻元件,具备:
电压非线性电阻体,其含有至少一个将以氧化锌为主成分且体积电阻率小于1.0×10-2Ωcm的氧化锌陶瓷层与以稀土金属氧化物为主成分的稀土金属氧化物层接合而成的接合体,以及
一对电极,其以导电路径横穿上述氧化锌陶瓷层与上述稀土金属氧化物层的接合面的方式形成于上述电压非线性电阻体。
该电压非线性电阻元件中,使用与以往相比体积电阻率低的氧化锌陶瓷层作为电压非线性电阻体的氧化锌陶瓷层。因此,能够将高电流区域(例如使20A/cm2的电流流过时)中的钳位电压与以往相比抑制得低。结果,即使例如因静电导致大电流流过本发明的电压非线性电阻元件,也能够将电压的上升抑制得小,并能防止发生元件本身的绝缘击穿。
本发明的电压非线性电阻元件中,上述氧化锌陶瓷层可以含有从由Al2O3、In2O3以及Ga2O3组成的组中选择的一种以上。通过添加这样的3价的金属离子,能够比较容易地使氧化锌陶瓷层的体积电阻率为低电阻。
本发明的电压非线性电阻元件中,上述稀土金属氧化物层也可以通过溅射形成于上述氧化锌陶瓷层。这样,能够不将氧化锌陶瓷层暴露于高温而形成稀土金属氧化物层,因此能够避免氧化锌陶瓷层受到热的影响而体积电阻率上升的可能性。
本发明的电压非线性电阻元件中,上述电压非线性电阻体也可以以如下方式构成:层叠两个以上的上述接合体,介于邻接的氧化锌陶瓷层彼此之间,存在稀土金属氧化物层,或存在稀土金属氧化物层和导体层,或存在稀土金属氧化物层、导体层和稀土金属氧化物层。这样,通过适宜地设定在电压非线性电阻体内层叠的接合体的数量,能够应对各种压敏电阻电压。
本发明的电压非线性电阻元件中,上述一对电极设在与上述氧化锌陶瓷层与上述氧化铋层的接合面平行的上述电压非线性电阻体的两面。
本发明的电压非线性电阻元件的制法,包括:
(a)通过在以氧化锌为主成分且体积电阻率小于1.0×10-2Ωcm的氧化锌陶瓷层上溅射形成以稀土金属氧化物为主成分的稀土金属氧化物层而得到接合体的工序,
(b)准备至少两个上述接合体,在一个接合体的上述稀土金属氧化物层和另一个接合体的上述氧化锌陶瓷层之间,夹持导体箔并叠加或什么都不夹持而直接叠加,通过在该状态下在非活性气氛中进行300~700℃的热处理,从而将上述接合体接合,得到层叠的电压非线性电阻体的工序,
(c)以导电路径横穿上述氧化锌陶瓷层与上述稀土金属氧化物层的接合面的方式形成一对电极的工序,
或者,
(a)通过在以氧化锌为主成分且体积电阻率小于1.0×10-2Ωcm的氧化锌陶瓷层上溅射形成以稀土金属氧化物为主成分的稀土金属氧化物层,从而得到接合体的工序,
(b)准备至少两个上述接合体,在一个接合体的上述稀土金属氧化物层与另一个接合体的上述稀土金属氧化物层之间,夹持导体箔并叠加或什么都不夹持而直接叠加,通过在该状态下在非活性气氛中进行300~700℃的热处理,从而将上述接合体接合,得到层叠的电压非线性电阻体的工序,
(c)以导电路径横穿上述氧化锌陶瓷层与上述稀土金属氧化物层的接合面的方式形成一对电极的工序。
本发明的电压非线性电阻元件的制法中,上述一对电极通过在上述电压非线性电阻体的两面蒸镀、溅射、喷镀或电镀电极材料、或涂布导电性糊剂、或在涂布导电性糊剂后烧成来制作。
按照这些制法,能够比较容易地制造在电压非线性电阻体内层叠有多个接合体的电压非线性电阻元件。此外,由于使工序(b)的热处理温度比较低,为300~700℃,因此能够防止因热的影响导致氧化锌陶瓷层的体积电阻率升高。特别是,当使工序(b)的热处理温度为300~500℃时,其效果变得显著。
附图说明
图1为电压非线性电阻元件10的截面图。
图2为电压非线性电阻元件30的截面图。
图3为电压非线性电阻元件130的截面图。
图4为电压非线性电阻元件40的截面图。
图5为电压非线性电阻元件140的截面图。
图6为表示实施例1~3以及比较例1~3的电压非线性电阻元件的电流-电压特性的图。
符号说明
10电压非线性电阻元件,12接合体,12a氧化锌陶瓷层,12b稀土金属氧化物层,14电压非线性电阻体(电阻体),16、18电极,30电压非线性电阻元件,33导体层,34电阻体,40电压非线性电阻元件,42电阻体,43导体层,44电阻体,130电压非线性电阻元件,134电阻体,140电压非线性电阻元件,144电阻体。
具体实施方式
对于本发明的适宜的实施方式,参照附图在以下进行说明。图1为本实施方式的电压非线性电阻元件10的截面图。
电压非线性电阻元件10具备电压非线性电阻体(简称为电阻体)14和夹持该电阻体14的一对电极16、18。
电阻体14具有一个将氧化锌陶瓷层12a与以稀土金属氧化物为主成分的稀土金属氧化物层12b接合而成的接合体12。氧化锌陶瓷层12a是以氧化锌为主成分,且体积电阻率小于1.0×10-2Ωcm的层。体积电阻率优选为1.0×10-3Ωcm以下。这样,能够将高电流区域中的钳位电压与以往相比抑制得更低。稀土金属氧化物层12b的厚度优选为0.01~1μm,更优选为0.05~0.5μm。作为稀土金属氧化物,没有特别限定,但优选为例如Pr2O3、La2O3、Yb2O3等。
以导电路径横穿氧化锌陶瓷层12a与稀土金属氧化物层12b的接合面的方式,在电阻体14上形成一对电极16、18。电极16、18,只要是显示出与氧化锌陶瓷良好的欧姆性且导电性良好的材料,就没有特别限定,可以列举例如金、银、铂、铝等。在此,以电极18作为阳极施加电压时,电流容易地流过,相反地,以电极16作为阳极施加电压时,可以得到显示出电压非线性的元件。
接着,在以下说明电压非线性电阻元件10的制造例。
·氧化锌陶瓷层12a的制作
通过从体积电阻率小于1.0×10-2Ωcm,优选1.0×10-3Ωcm以下的氧化锌陶瓷块中,以规定尺寸的板材进行切割,可以得到氧化锌陶瓷层12a。氧化锌陶瓷块可以通过下述方式得到,即,通过使Al、Ga、In等的3价离子作为掺杂剂固溶于氧化锌陶瓷中来得到,或者通过将氧化锌粉末在非氧化气氛下烧成而导入氧缺陷来得到。为了得到固溶有掺杂剂的氧化锌陶瓷块,首先,在氧化锌粉末中,混合Al2O3、Ga2O3、In2O3等3价的金属氧化物粉末至0.05~2.0质量%,成形为规定形状的成形体。接着,将该成形体在非氧化气氛(例如氮气氛、氩气氛)下,在900~1200℃保持数小时后,进一步升温至1300~1500℃,烧成数小时。由此,能够比较容易地得到体积电阻率低的氧化锌陶瓷块。为了达到作为目标的体积电阻率,调整混合于氧化锌粉末的3价的金属氧化物粉末的质量%,或调整烧成温度即可。此外,用于原料的氧化锌粉末,优选平均粒径为0.02~5μm。3价的金属氧化物粉末,优选平均粒径为0.01~0.5μm。作为3价的金属氧化物粉末,优选为Al2O3粉末。作为Al2O3粉末,可以使用θ氧化铝,也可以使用γ氧化铝、勃姆石等。另一方面,为了在非氧化气氛下烧成氧化锌粉末而得到体积电阻率低的氧化锌陶瓷块,例如,在非氧化气氛(例如氮气氛、氩气氛)下,将氧化锌粉末在1300~1500℃保持数小时而进行烧成。
·稀土金属氧化物层12b的制作
稀土金属氧化物层12b,可以是一种稀土金属氧化物,也可以是两种以上稀土氧化物的混合物,也可以以稀土金属氧化物为主成分且包含其他氧化物(例如Cr2O3、MnO、CoO、ZnO、SiO2等)作为副成分。稀土金属氧化物层12b仅为稀土金属氧化物的情况下,例如,可以以稀土金属氧化物作为靶,在氧化锌陶瓷层12a上通过溅射形成稀土金属氧化物层12b。除了溅射以外,还可以采用真空蒸镀、离子镀等。或者,也可以将含有稀土金属氧化物粉末的糊剂涂布于氧化锌陶瓷层12a,使其干燥,以比较低的温度(例如200~700℃,优选为200~500℃)进行热处理,形成稀土金属氧化物层12b。另一方面,稀土金属氧化物层12b含有副成分的情况下,除稀土金属氧化物之外也可以将副成分作为靶使用,通过多元同时溅射在氧化锌陶瓷层12a上形成稀土金属氧化物层12b。或者,也可以将除稀土金属氧化物粉末之外还含有副成分的粉末的糊剂涂布于氧化锌陶瓷层12a,使其干燥,以比较低的温度进行热处理,形成稀土金属氧化物层12b。热处理时,由于温度比较低,因此几乎没有氧化锌陶瓷层12a受热的影响而使体积电阻率上升的可能性,而溅射时,可以以更低的温度处理,因此能够确实地回避这样的可能性。
·电极16、18的制作
在本实施方式,电阻体14具有一个将氧化锌陶瓷层12a与稀土金属氧化物层12b接合而成的接合体12。电极16、18,可以通过在该电阻体14的两面蒸镀或溅射电极材料来制作。作为电极材料,可以列举金、银、铂、铝等。或者,也可以准备板状的电极16、18,将它们介由导电性接合材接合于电阻体14的各面。
根据如上详述的电压非线性电阻元件10,在以电极16作为阳极而施加电压时显示出电压非线性,可以将高电流区域(例如使20A/cm2的电流流过时)中的钳位电压与以往相比抑制得低。结果,即使例如因静电导致大电流流过电压非线性电阻元件10,也可以将电压的上升抑制得小,能够防止发生元件自身的绝缘击穿。
予以说明的是,本发明不受上述实施方式的任何限定,不言而喻,只要属于本发明的技术范围,能够以各种方式实施。
例如,上述电压非线性电阻元件10中,在具有一个接合体12的电阻体14的两面设置了电极16、18,但也可以使用层叠有多个接合体12的电阻体来代替电阻体14。通过使用这样的层叠型电阻体,能够控制压敏电阻电压,能够得到与用途相适应的压敏电阻电压的电压非线性电阻元件。在图2~图5示出使用了层叠型电阻体的示例。
图2所示的电压非线性电阻元件30,在将两个接合体12介由导体层33层叠并接合的层叠型电阻体34的两面设置了电极16、18。电阻体34中,介于邻接的氧化锌陶瓷层12a彼此之间存在稀土金属氧化物层12b和导体层33。电阻体34的制造例如下所示。首先,准备两个接合体12,使一个接合体12的氧化锌陶瓷层12a与另一个接合体12的稀土金属氧化物层12b互相面对,在其间夹着作为导体箔的焊料(例如Au-Ge合金箔、Au-Sn合金箔、Au-Si合金箔等)并叠加,对它们加压从而一体化。将其在非活性气氛中升温至规定的接合温度(例如300~700℃、优选为300~500℃),保持规定时间后进行降温。由此,焊料在溶融或软化后固化而成为导体层33,因而能够得到电阻体34。根据电压非线性电阻元件30,可以得到与上述元件10同样的效果。此外,由于使用了层叠有两个接合体12的电阻体34,因此与实施例1的电压非线性电阻元件10相比,能够使钳位电压为约2倍。进一步,作为氧化锌陶瓷层12a,在使用了通过向氧化锌陶瓷中大量添加掺杂剂(3价离子)或在非活性气氛进行热处理并大量形成氧缺陷而低电阻化了的氧化锌陶瓷层时,若接合温度过高(例如900℃、1000℃),有时会析出掺杂剂或氧缺陷消失,导致电阻增大,但在此,由于使接合温度为700℃以下,优选为500℃以下,因此能够维持氧化锌陶瓷层12a的低电阻。
图3所示的电压非线性电阻元件130,在分别将三个接合体12介由导体层33层叠并接合的电阻体134的两面设置了电极16、18。电阻体134中,介于邻接的氧化锌陶瓷层12a彼此之间,存在稀土金属氧化物层12b和导体层33。由于基本结构、所得到的效果与图2的电压非线性电阻元件30相同,因此在此省略详情。但由于元件130使用了层叠有三个接合体12的电阻体134,因此与实施例1的电压非线性电阻元件10相比,能够使钳位电压为约3倍。
图4所示的电压非线性电阻元件40,在将两个接合体12介由导体层43层叠并接合的层叠型电阻体44的两面设置了电极16、18。电阻体44中,介于邻接的氧化锌陶瓷层12a彼此之间,存在稀土金属氧化物层12b、导体层43和稀土金属氧化物层12b。电阻体44的制作例如下所示。首先,准备两个接合体12,使一个接合体12的稀土金属氧化物层12b和另一个接合体12的稀土金属氧化物层12b互相面对,在其间夹着上述焊料并叠加,对它们加压从而一体化。然后,与电压非线性电阻元件30的情况同样,通过在非活性气氛中进行热处理,焊料在溶融或软化后固化而成为导体层43,因此能够得到电阻体44。根据电压非线性电阻元件40,在以电极16和电极18中的任一个作为阳极施加电压的情况下,都显示出电压非线性,此时的钳位电压与实施例1的电压非线性电阻元件10几乎相同。进一步,根据与电压非线性电阻元件30同样的理由,能够维持氧化锌陶瓷层12a的低电阻。
图5所示的电压非线性电阻元件140,在分别将两个接合体12和一个3层结构的接合体42介由导体层43接合的层叠型电阻体144的两面设置了电极16、18。电阻体144中,介于邻接的氧化锌陶瓷层12a彼此之间,存在稀土金属氧化物层12b、导体层43和稀土金属氧化物层12b。电阻体144的制作例如下所示。首先,准备两个接合体12。此外,在氧化锌陶瓷层12a的两面形成稀土金属氧化物层12b,形成3层结构的接合体42。然后,在第一个接合体12的稀土金属氧化物层12b与3层结构的接合体42的一个稀土金属氧化物层12b之间夹持上述焊料,在3层结构的接合体42的另一个稀土金属氧化物层12b与第二个接合体12的稀土金属氧化物层12b之间夹持上述焊料,在该状态下对它们加压从而一体化。然后,与电压非线性电阻元件30的情况同样,通过在非活性气氛中进行热处理,焊料在溶融或软化后固化而成为导体层43,因此能够得到电阻体144。根据电压非线性电阻元件140,在以电极16和电极18中的任一个作为阳极施加电压的情况下,都显示出电压非线性,此时的钳位电压与实施例1的电压非线性电阻元件10相比为约2倍。
在上述图2~图5的实施方式中,介由导体层33、43接合了多个接合体12,但也可以在接合时不使用焊料而直接将接合体12彼此接合。在该情况下也优选将接合体12彼此在比较低的温度(例如300~700℃,优选为300~500℃)接合。
实施例
[实施例1]
在氧化锌(平均粒径1.5μm)中添加0.1质量%的θ氧化铝(平均粒径0.02μm),进行湿式混合后,蒸发干燥,使其通过网眼尺寸为75μm的筛后,将其成形。将成形体脱脂后,在N2气氛,在1100℃保持5小时后,进一步升温至1400℃,进行5小时的烧成,制作氧化锌陶瓷块。该氧化锌陶瓷块的体积电阻率是9.0×10-3Ωcm。将得到的氧化锌陶瓷块切割出10mm×10mm×1mm的板状,得到氧化锌陶瓷薄板。将该薄板的表面研磨、清洗后,使用氧化镨(Pr2O3)作为靶,进行高频等离子溅射,在氧化锌陶瓷薄板的表面成膜氧化镨的溅射膜(厚度0.3μm),得到接合体。对于溅射,使用ULVAC机工制的RFS-200。成膜条件如下所示。靶尺寸:直径80mm,RF输出功率:20W,气压(Ar):2.0Pa,成膜时间:15分钟。
将得到的接合体直接用作电阻体,在电阻体的两面设置Al蒸镀电极,得到电压非线性电阻元件(参照图1)。对该电压非线性电阻元件的两个电极施加电压,测定电流-电压特性。予以说明的是,以设置于氧化锌陶瓷薄板侧的电极作为阳极,设置于氧化镨的溅射膜上的电极作为阴极。将测定结果示于表1以及图6中。相当于1mA/cm2的电流值时的钳位电压为3.2V,相当于20A/cm2的电流值时的钳位电压为5.4V。
表1
      
*1相当于1mA/cm2的电流值时的钳位电压
*2相当于20A/cm2的电流值时的钳位电压
[实施例2]
除了在氧化锌中混合了1质量%的θ氧化铝以外,与实施例1同样地操作,制作氧化锌陶瓷块。该氧化锌陶瓷块的体积电阻率为9.3×10-4Ωcm。将该氧化锌陶瓷块切割出10mm×10mm×1mm的板状,作为氧化锌陶瓷薄板,使用该薄板与实施例1同样地制造了接合体。将得到的接合体直接用作电阻体,在电阻体的两面设置Al蒸镀电极,形成电压非线性电阻元件。对该电压非线性电阻元件的两个电极,与实施例1同样地施加电压,测定电流-电压特性。将测定结果示于表1以及图6中。相当于1mA/cm2的电流值时的钳位电压为3.1V,相当于的20A/cm2电流值时的钳位电压为4.4V。
[实施例3]
除了在氧化锌中混合了2质量%的θ氧化铝以外,与实施例1同样地操作,制作氧化锌陶瓷块。该氧化锌陶瓷块的体积电阻率为1.1×10-4Ωcm。将该氧化锌陶瓷块切割出10mm×10mm×1mm的板状,作为氧化锌陶瓷薄板,使用该薄板与实施例1同样地制造了接合体。将得到的接合体直接用作电阻体,在电阻体的两面设置Al蒸镀电极,形成电压非线性电阻元件。对该电压非线性电阻元件的两个电极与实施例1同样地施加电压,测定电流-电压特性。将测定结果示于表1以及图6中。相当于1mA/cm2的电流值时的钳位电压为3.2V,相当于20A/cm2的电流值时的钳位电压为3.6V。
[比较例1]
在氧化锌中添加硝酸铝水溶液至换算成Al2O3为0.01质量%,加水以使水分量为50质量%,进一步加入微量的粘合剂和消泡剂后,通过进行30分钟超声波搅拌、30分钟叶片搅拌来混合。混合后,通过喷雾干燥器造粒,得到造粒物。使造粒物通过网眼尺寸为200μm的筛后,将其成形,脱脂后,在大气气氛,在1400℃烧成5小时,制作氧化锌陶瓷块。该氧化锌陶瓷块的体积电阻率为2.0×10-2Ωcm。将得到的氧化锌陶瓷块切割出10mm×10mm×1mm的板状,得到氧化锌陶瓷薄板。在该氧化锌陶瓷薄板的表面,与实施例1同样地成膜稀土金属氧化物的溅射膜,得到接合体。将得到的接合体直接用作电阻体,在电阻体的两面设置Al蒸镀电极,形成电压非线性电阻元件。对该电压非线性电阻元件的两个电极,与实施例1同样地施加电压,测定电流-电压特性。将测定结果示于表1以及图6中。相当于1mA/cm2的电流值时的钳位电压为2.9V,相当于20A/cm2的电流值时的钳位电压为7.3V。
[比较例2]
比较例2是将氧化锌成形体在大气气氛烧成的示例(实施例1、2是在N2气氛烧成)。将在氧化锌中添加0.1质量%的θ氧化铝,进行湿式混合后蒸发干燥,在1000℃进行热处理并预烧而得的物质,利用球磨机粉碎至1μm以下。氧化锌和θ氧化铝使用与实施例1相同的物质。将粉碎物干燥,使其通过网眼尺寸为75μm的筛后,将其成形,脱脂后,在大气气氛、1300℃烧成5小时,制作氧化锌陶瓷块。该氧化锌陶瓷块的体积电阻率为7.3×10-1Ωcm。将得到的氧化锌陶瓷块切割出10mm×10mm×1mm的板状,得到氧化锌陶瓷薄板。在该氧化锌陶瓷薄板的表面,与实施例1同样地成膜稀土金属氧化物(氧化镨)的溅射膜,得到接合体。将得到的接合体直接用作电阻体,在电阻体的两面设置Al蒸镀电极,形成电压非线性电阻元件。对该电压非线性电阻元件的两个电极,与实施例1同样地施加电压,测定电流-电压特性。将测定结果示于表1以及图6中。相当于1mA/cm2的电流值时的钳位电压为3.3V,相当于20A/cm2的电流值时的钳位电压为8.5V。
[比较例3]
除了在氧化锌中添加了1质量%的θ氧化铝以外,与比较例2同样地操作,制作氧化锌陶瓷块。该氧化锌陶瓷块的体积电阻率为3.5×10-2Ωcm。将得到的氧化锌陶瓷块切割出10mm×10mm×1mm的板状,得到氧化锌陶瓷薄板。在该氧化锌陶瓷薄板的表面,与实施例1同样地成膜稀土金属氧化物(氧化镨)的溅射膜,得到接合体。将得到的接合体直接用作电阻体,在电阻体的两面设置Al蒸镀电极,形成电压非线性电阻元件。对该电压非线性电阻元件的两个电极,与实施例1同样地施加电压,测定电流-电压特性。将测定结果示于表1以及图6中。相当于1mA/cm2的电流值时的钳位电压为2.9V,相当于20A/cm2的电流值时的钳位电压为7.4V。
由以上可知,与使用了体积电阻率为2.0×10-2Ωcm以上的在大气气氛烧成的氧化锌陶瓷薄板的比较例1~3的电压非线性电阻元件相比,使用了体积电阻率小于1.0×10-2Ωcm(特别是1.0×10-3Ωcm以下的)氧化锌陶瓷薄板的实施例1~3的电压非线性电阻元件,在高电流区域(例如20A/cm2以上的区域)产生的电压低,电子电路的保护功能优异。
[实施例4]
准备两个与实施例3同样地制作而成的接合体。在一个接合体的氧化锌陶瓷薄板与另一个接合体的氧化镨的溅射膜之间夹持Au-Ge合金(以质量比计Au/Ge=88/12)的箔(厚度50μm),将两个接合体叠加。在该状态下,在非活性气氛下进行420℃、10分种的热处理,接合两个接合体,得到层叠型的电阻体。在得到的电阻体的两面设置Al蒸镀电极,得到电压非线性电阻元件(参照图2)。对该电压非线性电阻元件的两个电极施加电压,测定电流-电压特性。予以说明的是,以设置于氧化锌陶瓷薄板的电极作为阳极,设置于溅射膜的电极作为阴极。结果,虽没有图示,但确认了显示出与实施例3同样的电压非线性电阻特性。该情况下的非线性区域(电流0.01~2A/cm2的区域)的钳位电压与实施例3相比为约2倍。
予以说明的是,上述实施例只不过是本发明的一个示例,本发明不限于这些实施例。

Claims (9)

1.一种电压非线性电阻元件,其具备:
电压非线性电阻体,其含有至少一个接合体,该接合体是以氧化锌为主成分且体积电阻率小于1.0×10-2Ωcm的氧化锌陶瓷层与以稀土金属氧化物作为主成分的稀土金属氧化物层接合而成,以及
一对电极,其以导电路径横穿上述氧化锌陶瓷层与上述稀土金属氧化物层的接合面的方式形成于所述电压非线性电阻体。
2.如权利要求1所述的电压非线性电阻元件,其中,所述氧化锌陶瓷层含有从由Al2O3、In2O3以及Ga2O3组成的组中选择的一种以上。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的电压非线性电阻元件,其中,所述稀土金属氧化物层通过溅射形成于所述氧化锌陶瓷层。
4.如权利要求1~3中任一项所述的电压非线性电阻元件,其中,所述电压非线性电阻体,层叠有两个以上的所述接合体,介于邻接的氧化锌陶瓷层彼此之间,存在稀土金属氧化物层,或存在稀土金属氧化物层和导体层,或存在稀土金属氧化物层、导体层和稀土金属氧化物层。
5.如权利要求1所述的电压非线性电阻元件,其中,所述一对电极设在与所述氧化锌陶瓷层与所述稀土金属氧化物层的接合面平行的所述电压非线性电阻体的两面。
6.一种电压非线性电阻元件的制法,其包括:
(a)通过在以氧化锌为主成分且体积电阻率小于1.0×10-2Ωcm的氧化锌陶瓷层上溅射形成以稀土金属氧化物为主成分的稀土金属氧化物层,从而得到接合体的工序,
(b)准备至少两个所述接合体,在一个接合体的所述稀土金属氧化物层和另一个接合体的所述氧化锌陶瓷层之间,夹持导体箔并叠加或什么都不夹持而直接叠加,通过在该状态下在非活性气氛中进行300~700℃的热处理,从而将所述接合体接合,得到层叠的电压非线性电阻体的工序,
(c)以导电路径横穿所述氧化锌陶瓷层与所述稀土金属氧化物层的接合面的方式形成一对电极的工序。
7.一种电压非线性电阻元件的制法,其包括:
(a)通过在以氧化锌为主成分且体积电阻率小于1.0×10-2Ωcm的氧化锌陶瓷层上溅射形成以稀土金属氧化物为主成分的稀土金属氧化物层,从而得到接合体的工序,
(b)准备至少两个所述接合体,在一个接合体的所述稀土金属氧化物层和另一个接合体的所述稀土金属氧化物层之间,夹持导体箔并叠加或什么都不夹持而直接叠加,通过在该状态下在非活性气氛中进行300~700℃的热处理,从而将所述接合体接合,得到层叠的电压非线性电阻体的工序,
(c)以导电路径横穿所述氧化锌陶瓷层与所述稀土金属氧化物层的接合面的方式形成一对电极的工序。
8.如权利要求6或7所述的电压非线性电阻元件的制法,其中,所述工序(b)的所述热处理以300~500℃进行。
9.如权利要求6或7所述的电压非线性电阻元件的制法,其中,所述一对电极通过在所述电压非线性电阻体的两面蒸镀、溅射、喷镀或电镀电极材料、或涂布导电性糊剂、或在涂布导电性糊剂后烧成来制作。
CN201510121872.8A 2014-03-19 2015-03-19 电压非线性电阻元件及其制法 Pending CN104934173A (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2014-056498 2014-03-19
JP2014056498 2014-03-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN104934173A true CN104934173A (zh) 2015-09-23

Family

ID=52684149

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201510121872.8A Pending CN104934173A (zh) 2014-03-19 2015-03-19 电压非线性电阻元件及其制法

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US9679685B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP2942789B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP6496582B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR20150109293A (zh)
CN (1) CN104934173A (zh)
TW (1) TW201606813A (zh)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016155311A1 (zh) * 2015-04-01 2016-10-06 惠州Tcl移动通信有限公司 一种基于移动终端的拍照处理方法及系统

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2942788B1 (en) * 2014-03-19 2018-07-04 NGK Insulators, Ltd. Voltage nonlinear resistive element and method for manufacturing the same
CN104934173A (zh) * 2014-03-19 2015-09-23 日本碍子株式会社 电压非线性电阻元件及其制法

Family Cites Families (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB764693A (en) 1954-01-06 1957-01-02 E M P Electric Ltd Improvements in non-linear resistor elements for lightning arresters
JPS5524247B2 (zh) 1973-10-19 1980-06-27
JPS5912002B2 (ja) * 1979-05-10 1984-03-19 松下電器産業株式会社 電圧非直線抵抗器とその製造方法
US4296002A (en) 1979-06-25 1981-10-20 Mcgraw-Edison Company Metal oxide varistor manufacture
US4272754A (en) * 1979-12-17 1981-06-09 General Electric Company Thin film varistor
US4383237A (en) 1980-05-07 1983-05-10 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Voltage-dependent resistor
US4400683A (en) 1981-09-18 1983-08-23 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Voltage-dependent resistor
JPS5886702A (ja) * 1981-11-19 1983-05-24 松下電器産業株式会社 バリスタの製造方法
JPH02214101A (ja) * 1989-02-14 1990-08-27 Tdk Corp 電圧非直線性抵抗素子
JPH06204006A (ja) * 1992-10-20 1994-07-22 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 酸化亜鉛バリスタの製造方法
JP2985559B2 (ja) * 1993-03-17 1999-12-06 松下電器産業株式会社 バリスタ
JP3622774B2 (ja) * 1994-04-18 2005-02-23 株式会社村田製作所 電圧非直線抵抗体の製造方法
US5854586A (en) * 1997-09-17 1998-12-29 Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation Rare earth doped zinc oxide varistors
JP2000228302A (ja) * 1999-02-04 2000-08-15 Atsushi Iga 酸化亜鉛系磁器積層物とその製造方法および酸化亜鉛バリスタ
JP2000243608A (ja) * 1999-02-18 2000-09-08 Atsushi Iga 酸化亜鉛バリスタとその製造方法
US6279811B1 (en) 2000-05-12 2001-08-28 Mcgraw-Edison Company Solder application technique
JP4123957B2 (ja) 2003-02-10 2008-07-23 株式会社村田製作所 電圧依存性抵抗器
US8117739B2 (en) 2004-01-23 2012-02-21 Cooper Technologies Company Manufacturing process for surge arrester module using pre-impregnated composite
JP5088029B2 (ja) * 2007-07-19 2012-12-05 Tdk株式会社 バリスタ
DE102009023628A1 (de) * 2009-05-27 2010-12-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Erzeugen einer Schicht mit Absorberpartikeln für eine Energiestrahlung
EP2942788B1 (en) * 2014-03-19 2018-07-04 NGK Insulators, Ltd. Voltage nonlinear resistive element and method for manufacturing the same
CN104934173A (zh) * 2014-03-19 2015-09-23 日本碍子株式会社 电压非线性电阻元件及其制法

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016155311A1 (zh) * 2015-04-01 2016-10-06 惠州Tcl移动通信有限公司 一种基于移动终端的拍照处理方法及系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
TW201606813A (zh) 2016-02-16
US9679685B2 (en) 2017-06-13
EP2942789A2 (en) 2015-11-11
KR20150109293A (ko) 2015-10-01
JP2015195370A (ja) 2015-11-05
JP6496582B2 (ja) 2019-04-03
US20150270037A1 (en) 2015-09-24
EP2942789A3 (en) 2016-01-27
EP2942789B1 (en) 2018-07-04

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN104934172A (zh) 电压非线性电阻元件以及其制法
US10074466B2 (en) NTC component and method for the production thereof
US12046401B2 (en) Coil component
CN104934173A (zh) 电压非线性电阻元件及其制法
CN100472673C (zh) 积层型片状变阻器
CN112687467B (zh) 陶瓷电子器件及其制造方法
CN107240466B (zh) 电压非线性电阻元件及其制法
US8508325B2 (en) Chip varistor and chip varistor manufacturing method
JP2011216877A (ja) 積層バリスタ及びその製造方法
CN111417608A (zh) 陶瓷构件
CN1967734B (zh) 层叠型片状可变电阻的制作方法
EP3202747B1 (en) Barium titanate semiconductor ceramic, barium titanate semiconductor ceramic composition, and ptc thermistor for temperature detection
KR20170061710A (ko) 적층 코일 부품
CN113366590B (zh) 变阻器及其制造方法
US9831018B2 (en) Electronic component
JP3632592B2 (ja) チップサーミスタおよびその製造方法
JP2008270391A (ja) 積層型チップバリスタおよびその製造方法
JP2019165103A (ja) 積層バリスタ
JP2001326107A (ja) チップ形積層バリスタ
JPH02220404A (ja) 積層セラミックバリスタの製造法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
WD01 Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication

Application publication date: 20150923

WD01 Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication