CN104892154A - Pesticide fertilizer for controlling soft rot of Amorphophallus konjac and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Pesticide fertilizer for controlling soft rot of Amorphophallus konjac and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the fields of plant disease control and biological pesticides, and relates to a pesticide fertilizer for controlling soft rot of Amorphophallus konjac, which is composed of the following components in parts by mass: 35-45 parts of organic fertilizer, 30-50 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 4-6 parts of Chinese herbal medicine powder, 9-11 parts of nutrient assistant and 5-7 parts of composite adhesive. The active components in the Chinese herbal medicine powder are utilized to achieve the goal of inhibiting Erwinia carotovora. The pesticide fertilizer has very simple steps in the control treatment process.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to control of plant disease and field of biological pesticide.
Background technology
Amorphophallus Araeceae per nnial herb, because containing glucomannoglycan in the underground bulb of konjaku, has high pharmaceutical use and edibleness.Since the eighties in 20th century, konjaku has become one of mainstay industry of China's central and west regions economy.Konjaku industry breeds unlimited business opportunity, and in whole konjaku industrial chain, the weakest and least stable component be source industry-konjaku plant husbandry just.Maximum " bottleneck " that affect konjaku plant production development be exactly konjak soft rot prevent and treat problem.
Konjak soft rot is a kind of bacterial disease konjaku plant being had to very big invasiveness and destruction, be known as " cancer " of konjaku, it is the bacterial disease caused by carrot soft rot Erwinia Radix Dauci Sativae subspecies, when occurring serious, Amorphophallus Yield loss can reach 30% ~ 50%, sometimes can reach more than 80% even to have no harvest, have a strong impact on the enthusiasm of peasant planting konjaku.The control of current konjak soft rot mainly relies on uses chemical agent, chemical agent cost is high, chemical agent difficult degradation, infringement or toxic is had to plant itself, also can bring the problem such as environmental pollution, konjaku pollution of agricultural products, there is considerable influence to the quality of konjaku product and outlet, and do not find for konjak soft rot chemical agent especially efficiently yet, the poor effect of the control konjak soft rot of chemical agent.
Patent document (application number: 200810236726.X) discloses a kind of traditional Chinese medicine bactericide of preventing and treating konjak soft rot, the weight percent of its prime cost is: Bulbus Allii extract 12% ~ 36%, Rhizoma Coptidis extract 3% ~ 12%, Folium Lonicerae extract 3% ~ 10%, agricultural chemicals wettable powder agent aid 3% ~ 5%, surplus is agricultural chemicals filling carrier.The main active ingredient of Bulbus Allii extract is garlicin, the main active ingredient of Rhizoma Coptidis extract is berberine, honeysuckle, the main active ingredient of extract was chlorogenic acid, its mechanism of action is carrot soft rot Erwinia is Gram-negative bacteria, and garlicin is trithio allyl ether compounds, all anti-microbial effect is had to multiple Gram-positive and negative bacterium, therefore garlicin carrot soft rot Erwinia is to having stronger sterilization effect, and berberine and chlorogenic acid can assist garlicin to kill carrot soft rot Erwinia.The traditional Chinese medicine bactericide of this documents adopts natural plant extracts, overcome traditional chemical reagent difficult degradation, virose defect, but konjaku taro kind need be put into this traditional Chinese medicine bactericide when using to soak, pull out air-dry after plant, adopt traditional Chinese medicine bactericide to fill with root, traditional Chinese medicine bactericide spraying plant and soil in planting process successively, whole process of preventing and treating comparatively bothers.
Summary of the invention
The invention is intended to provide a kind of by suppressing carrot soft rot Erwinia to prevent and treat elephant-foot yam soft rot and the simple medicine fertilizer of Prevention technology step.
Patent formula: a kind of medicine fertilizer preventing and treating elephant-foot yam soft rot, its each component number is as follows,
Fertilizer 35 ~ 45 parts;
Inorganic fertilizer 30 ~ 50 parts;
Herbal powder 4 ~ 6 parts;
Nutritional auxiliary 9 ~ 11 parts;
Compound binding agent 5 ~ 7 parts.
Beneficial effect: fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer and nutritional auxiliary can be produced for konjaku and provide abundant source of nutrition, and fertilizer provides balanced nutrient for plant on the one hand, improves the nutritional status of plant; Fertilizer aspect is conducive to growing of root system on the other hand, improves the disease resistance of plant; The effect of inorganic fertilizer: provide a large amount of, the micronutrient element required for konjaku growth, balance nutrient supplies; Nutritional auxiliary provides the trace element required for konjaku growth, and balance nutrient supplies; Herbal powder is particulate herbal medicine being pulverized 300 mesh sieves, now Chinese herbal medicine cell broken wall, the antipathogenic composition of carrot soft rot Erwinia can be suppressed to discharge, contact can be absorbed by elephant-foot yam with elephant-foot yam root system.Compound binding agent can strengthen the viscosity between fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, nutritional auxiliary, these materials of herbal powder, makes these materials make the fertile particle of medicine by tablets press.
During use, in elephant-foot yam field, first open the ditch of dark 15cm, the medicine fertilizer of this control elephant-foot yam soft rot apart from konjaku stem foot 15cm, then applies in ditch by the ditch opened, and earthing covers medicine fertilizer.Compare traditional traditional Chinese medicine bactericide, without the need to soaking, filling with the step such as root, spraying, process of preventing and treating is very simple, only need can complete control in field fertilising, Prevention technology step is simple, in addition, vegetable cell now in herbal powder broken wall, bacteriostatic active ingredients has discharged in soil, by elephant-foot yam Root Absorption thus suppress carrot soft rot Erwinia, reach good prevention effect.
Further, fertilizer is 40.7 parts, inorganic fertilizer 38 parts, herbal powder 5 parts, nutritional auxiliary 10.3 parts, compound binding agent 6 parts, and the prevention effect of the medicine fertilizer of the control elephant-foot yam soft rot of this proportioning is best.
Further, along with the fast development of analytical chemistry, structural chemistry and analytical instrument and becoming better and approaching perfection day by day of laboratory facilities, the separation and purification of active substance in herbal medicine and Structural Identification are made some progress, result of study shows, antibacterial or antibiotic effective ingredient mainly contains: terpenoid and derivative thereof; The nitrogenous sulfocompounds such as alkaloid, acid amides and protein; Fats compound, mainly long-chain carbon alkane and lipid acid; Aromatics, comprise phenols, flavonoid and quinones, the last of the ten Heavenly stems phthalein acetaldehyde; Organic acid etc.Each constituent mass number of the herbal powder in the present invention is: Herba Houttuyniae 20 parts ~ 40 parts, golden cypress 5 parts ~ 20 parts, the bark of official magnolia 5 parts ~ 20 parts, 5 parts ~ 20 parts, Turkey-galls, rheum officinale 20 parts ~ 40 parts, wherein the composition of Herba Houttuyniae fungicide active ingredient is volatile oil, this volatile oil is phthalein acetaldehyde in the last of the ten Heavenly stems, belongs to aromatics; Gallic activeconstituents is Gallic Acid, belongs to organic acid; The activeconstituents that rheum officinale works is anthraquinones, belongs to quinones; The activeconstituents of golden cypress is 3 kinds of Flavonol glycoside compounds, and namely amurensin A, B and kaempferol-3-O-A-D-seminose, belong to flavonoid; The composition that the bark of official magnolia works is total phenolic compound, belongs to aldehydes matter.Above classes of compounds acts on together, there is very strong antibacterial or anti-microbial effect, the cellularstructure destroying thalline can be passed through, interference somatic cells metabolic process and reinforcement host disease resistance systems, thus reach suppression carrot soft rot Erwinia to prevent and treat the soft rot of elephant-foot yam.
Further, fertilizer is by one or more in vinasse, rapeseed meal, system chaff, offal, Chinese medicine slag, ferment gained to add fermenting agent (as microorganism quick rotting agent), wherein offal is the powder that tobacco produces because of friction in the course of processing, Chinese medicine slag is the common discarded dregs of a decoction such as Herba Epimedii, the wind-weed, the tuber of pinellia, the bark of official magnolia, golden cypress, rheum officinale, vinasse, rapeseed meal, system chaff, offal, Chinese medicine slag Dou Shi Guizhou Province common are machine waste material, and amount is large and cheap.
Further, inorganic fertilizer comprises urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate, provide konjaku grow required for a large amount of inorganic nutritive elements as N, P, K etc., balance nutrient supply.
Further, nutritional auxiliary is by any one in boric acid, potassium humate, amino acid, manganous sulfate, copper sulfate, magnesium sulfate, Sodium Selenite, terra alba or severally mixes, can provide konjaku grow required for micronutrient element as Mn, Zn, Cu, B, Na etc., balance nutrient supply.
Further, composite caking agent selects organic-inorganic compound mixed fertilizer granulation compound binding agent, improves granulating rate, makes fertilizer have certain slow-releasing.
The invention also discloses a kind of preparation method preventing and treating the medicine fertilizer of elephant-foot yam soft rot.
Patent formula: a kind of preparation method preventing and treating the medicine fertilizer of elephant-foot yam soft rot, step is as follows:
A) organic fertilizer fermentation: compare the ratio of 4:1.5:1.5:0.5:2.5 according to mass fraction by vinasse, rapeseed meal, system chaff, offal, Chinese medicine slag Homogeneous phase mixing, and regulate mixture water content to be 50% ~ 60%, C/N is adjusted to 25 ~ 30:1, add the fermenting agent of total mass 0.02% afterwards again, to become thoroughly decomposed fermentation 15 ~ 20 days, obtain fertilizer;
B) herbal powder preparation: Herba Houttuyniae, golden cypress, the bark of official magnolia, Turkey-galls, rheum officinale are carried out micronizing and cross 300 mesh sieves, is undertaken being mixed with herbal powder by Herba Houttuyniae 20 parts ~ 40 parts, golden cypress 5 parts ~ 20 parts, the bark of official magnolia 5 parts ~ 20 parts, 5 parts ~ 20 parts, Turkey-galls, rheum officinale 20 parts ~ 40 parts;
C) mixing of materials: by fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, nutritional auxiliary is pulverized respectively and to cross 60 mesh sieves for subsequent use, then takes fertilizer 35 ~ 45 parts, inorganic fertilizer 30 ~ 50 parts, herbal powder 4 ~ 6 parts, nutritional auxiliary 9 ~ 11 parts; Compound binding agent 5 ~ 7 parts, and all materials are mixed, appropriate organic liquid binding agent wet mix material can be used in mixing process;
D) granulation: by step b) in the material that mixes carry out normal temperature extruder grain;
E) sieve: by through step c) granule sieving become particle diameter to be the fertiliser granulates of 1 ~ 5mm;
Fertiliser granulates packed by final damp proof material, and namely the medicine of obtained control elephant-foot yam soft rot is fertile.
Beneficial effect: the medicine being made control elephant-foot yam soft rot by above step is fertile, step b) Herba Houttuyniae, golden cypress, the bark of official magnolia, Turkey-galls, rheum officinale micronizing are crossed 300 mesh sieves, Chinese herbal medicine cell can be carried out broken wall, activeconstituents in cell is discharged, is convenient to elephant-foot yam plant root and directly absorbs.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment, the present invention is further detailed explanation:
Embodiment 1
A kind of medicine fertilizer preventing and treating elephant-foot yam soft rot, its each constituent mass number is as follows: fertilizer is 40.7 parts, inorganic fertilizer 38 parts, herbal powder 5 parts, nutritional auxiliary 10.3 parts, compound binding agent 6 parts.
Each constituent mass number of herbal powder is wherein: Herba Houttuyniae 20 parts, golden cypress 10 parts, the bark of official magnolia 20 parts, 20 parts, Turkey-galls, rheum officinale 30 parts.
Fertilizer is added as microorganism quick rotting agent fermentation gained by the mixture of vinasse, rapeseed meal, system chaff, offal, Chinese medicine slag, and the ratio of quality and the number of copies of vinasse, rapeseed meal, system chaff, offal, Chinese medicine slag is 4:1.5:1.5:0.5:2.5.
Inorganic fertilizer is the mixture of urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate.Nutritional auxiliary is by the mixture of boric acid, potassium humate, amino acid, manganous sulfate, copper sulfate, magnesium sulfate, Sodium Selenite, terra alba.Composite caking agent selects organic-inorganic compound mixed fertilizer granulation compound binding agent, is namely patent " title: organic-inorganic compound mixed fertilizer granulation compound binding agent and preparation method and application; Application number: CN201310725079.X; Publication date: 2014.04.02 " disclosed organic-inorganic compound mixed fertilizer granulation compound binding agent.
Said ratio, after verification experimental verification, proves that it has good effect to elephant-foot yam Disease-Control for Soft-Rotting.Content of the test is as follows: the fertile experiment and demonstration of medicine carrying out preventing and treating elephant-foot yam soft rot for 2014 in konjaku planting base, Zunyi County, demonstration area is located in monsoon Shi Hou district, subtropics, in rain heat same season, annual rainfall is 1100 ~ 1200mm, and average annual temperature is between 13.5 ~ 15.7 DEG C, at 1150 hours at average annual sunshine, about 270 days frostless season, extreme lowest temperature is-3 DEG C, and the highest temperature is 39 DEG C, and height above sea level is many at more than 900m, soil is yellow earth.For the examination total area 18 mu, establish 3 process altogether, each process repetition 3 times, test plot is bar shaped level land, mountain area, 2 mu, each community, process Nei Ge community random alignment.
Process 1: use conventional composite fertilizer (10-10-20), amount of application is 50kg/667m
2;
Process 2: use conventional composite fertilizer (10-10-20), amount of application is 50kg/667m
2, adopt agricultural streptomycin control spraying control, June 20, July 7, July 20 used agricultural streptomycin 1000 times of liquid even spraying 3 times;
Process 3: the medicine fertilizer (6-5-10) using the control elephant-foot yam soft rot of the present embodiment 1, amount of application is 100kg/667m
2;
Test-results is as follows:
(1) the elephant-foot yam soft rot diseased plant rate of this konjaku planting base is added up (table 1):
Each process soft rot a situation arises statistics (table 1) show, increase gradually along with planting time extends soft rot sickness rate, compared with conventional fertilizer application process 1, adopt agricultural streptomycin prevent and treat the process 2 of soft rot and adopt the medicine fertilizer process 3 of the art of this patent control elephant-foot yam soft rot, all reduce the sickness rate of elephant-foot yam soft rot; Late July processes 2 elephant-foot yam soft rot diseased plant rate and reduces 2.5%, processes 3 elephant-foot yam soft rot diseased plant rate and reduces 7%; The elephant-foot yam soft rot diseased plant rate of late August process 2 reduces 19%, and the elephant-foot yam soft rot diseased plant rate of process 3 reduces 24%, and as can be seen here, the fertile performance on elephant-foot yam Disease-Control for Soft-Rotting of medicine that the present embodiment 1 is made is excellent.
Table 1 is process elephant-foot yam soft rot a situation arises statistics respectively
(2) the elephant-foot yam output of this konjaku planting base is added up (table 2):
Each process test output statistics (table 2) shows, compared with conventional fertilizer application process 1, process 2, process 3 all improve the output of elephant-foot yam, volume increase reaches 21.56%, 50.18% respectively, the volume increase of process 3 is more obvious, and the performance that the medicine fertilizer that namely the present embodiment 1 is made increases production at elephant-foot yam is excellent.
Table 2 is process test output statistics respectively
Embodiment 2
A kind of preparation method preventing and treating the medicine fertilizer of elephant-foot yam soft rot
Step is as follows:
A) organic fertilizer fermentation: foundation ratio of quality and the number of copies is that the ratio of 4:1.5:1.5:0.5:2.5 is by vinasse, rapeseed meal, system chaff, offal, Chinese medicine slag Homogeneous phase mixing, and make its water content be adjusted to 50% ~ 60%, C/N is adjusted to 25 ~ 30:1, add again afterwards total mass 0.2% as microorganism quick rotting agent or other fermenting agents, to become thoroughly decomposed fermentation 15 ~ 20 days, obtain fertilizer;
B) herbal powder preparation: Herba Houttuyniae, golden cypress, the bark of official magnolia, Turkey-galls, rheum officinale are carried out micronizing and cross 300 mesh sieves, by mass fraction be Heartleaf Houttuynia Herb 20 parts, 10 parts, golden cypress powder, Officinal Magnolia Bark 20 parts, Chinese Gall 20 parts, Rhubarb 30 parts be mixed and made into herbal powder; Or be first Herba Houttuyniae 20 parts, golden cypress 10 parts, the bark of official magnolia 20 parts, 20 parts, Turkey-galls, rheum officinale 30 parts of mixing raw materials according to mass fraction, then above-mentioned raw materials is carried out micronizing cross 300 mesh sieves, make herbal powder.
C) mixing of materials: by fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, nutritional auxiliary is pulverized and for subsequent use after crossing 60 mesh sieves respectively, then it is 40.7 parts by fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer 38 parts, herbal powder 5 parts, nutritional auxiliary 10.3 parts, the mass fraction that compound binding agent is 6 parts takes material, and all materials are mixed, with appropriate organic liquid binding agent wet mix material in mixing process;
D) granulation: by step b) in the material that mixes carry out normal temperature extruder grain;
E) sieve: by through step c) granule sieving become particle diameter to be the fertiliser granulates of 1 ~ 5mm;
F) pack: will through step e) pack with damp proof material, namely the medicine of obtained control elephant-foot yam soft rot is fertile.
The medicine fertilizer (6-5-10) of conventional composite fertilizer (10-10-20) or control elephant-foot yam soft rot in specification sheets: three numerals in bracket represent the content number of purity nitrogen in fertilizer, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, potassium oxide respectively, and those skilled in the art know this literary style.C/N (carbon-nitrogen ratio) adjustment is also the research technique that those skilled in the art understand thoroughly.
Above-described is only embodiments of the invention, and in scheme, the general knowledge such as known concrete structure and characteristic does not do too much description at this.Should be understood that; for a person skilled in the art, under the prerequisite not departing from structure of the present invention, some distortion and improvement can also be made; these also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention, and these all can not affect effect of the invention process and practical applicability.The protection domain that this application claims should be as the criterion with the content of its claim, and the embodiment in specification sheets etc. record the content that may be used for explaining claim.
Claims (8)
1. the medicine preventing and treating elephant-foot yam soft rot is fertile, and its each constituent mass number is as follows:
Fertilizer 35 ~ 45 parts;
Inorganic fertilizer 30 ~ 50 parts;
Herbal powder 4 ~ 6 parts;
Nutritional auxiliary 9 ~ 11 parts;
Compound binding agent 5 ~ 7 parts.
2. the medicine of control elephant-foot yam soft rot according to claim 1 is fertile, and it is characterized in that, fertilizer is 40.7 parts, inorganic fertilizer 38 parts, herbal powder 5 parts, nutritional auxiliary 10.3 parts, compound binding agent 6 parts.
3. the medicine of control elephant-foot yam soft rot according to claim 1 and 2 is fertile, it is characterized in that, each constituent mass number of described herbal powder is: Herba Houttuyniae 20 parts ~ 40 parts, golden cypress 5 parts ~ 20 parts, the bark of official magnolia 5 parts ~ 20 parts, 5 parts ~ 20 parts, Turkey-galls, rheum officinale 20 parts ~ 40 parts.
4. the medicine of control elephant-foot yam soft rot according to claim 3 is fertile, it is characterized in that, described fertilizer adds fermenting agent fermentation by one or more in vinasse, rapeseed meal, system chaff, offal, Chinese medicine slag to form.
5. the medicine of control elephant-foot yam soft rot according to claim 4 is fertile, and it is characterized in that, described inorganic fertilizer comprises urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate.
6. the medicine of control elephant-foot yam soft rot according to claim 5 is fertile, it is characterized in that, described nutritional auxiliary is mixed by one or several in boric acid, potassium humate, amino acid, manganous sulfate, copper sulfate, magnesium sulfate, Sodium Selenite, terra alba.
7. the medicine of control elephant-foot yam soft rot according to claim 6 is fertile, and it is characterized in that, described composite caking agent selects organic-inorganic compound mixed fertilizer granulation compound binding agent.
8. a kind of preparation method preventing and treating the medicine fertilizer of elephant-foot yam soft rot according to claim 1 and 2, its step is as follows:
Organic fertilizer fermentation: according to the ratio of ratio of quality and the number of copies 4:1.5:1.5:0.5:2.5 by vinasse, rapeseed meal, system chaff, offal, Chinese medicine slag Homogeneous phase mixing, and make its water content be adjusted to 50% ~ 60%, C/N is adjusted to 25 ~ 30:1, add the fermenting agent of total mass 0.02% afterwards again, to become thoroughly decomposed fermentation 15 ~ 20 days, obtain fertilizer;
Prepared by herbal powder: Herba Houttuyniae, golden cypress, the bark of official magnolia, Turkey-galls, rheum officinale are carried out micronizing and cross 300 mesh sieves, is undertaken being mixed with herbal powder by Herba Houttuyniae 20 parts ~ 40 parts, golden cypress 5 parts ~ 20 parts, the bark of official magnolia 5 parts ~ 20 parts, 5 parts ~ 20 parts, Turkey-galls, rheum officinale 20 parts ~ 40 parts;
Mixing of materials: by fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, nutritional auxiliary is pulverized respectively and to cross 60 mesh sieves for subsequent use, then takes fertilizer 35 ~ 45 parts, inorganic fertilizer 30 ~ 50 parts, herbal powder 4 ~ 6 parts, nutritional auxiliary 9 ~ 11 parts; Compound binding agent 5 ~ 7 parts, and all materials are mixed;
Granulation: the material mixed in step b) is carried out normal temperature extruder grain;
Screening: become by the granule sieving through step c) particle diameter to be the fertiliser granulates of 1 ~ 5 mm.
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| CN105948960A (en) * | 2016-05-03 | 2016-09-21 | 广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Composite natural drug nicotine fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| CN107641017A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-01-30 | 四川省汇力肥业有限公司 | A kind of amino acid synergistic complex fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| CN105948960A (en) * | 2016-05-03 | 2016-09-21 | 广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Composite natural drug nicotine fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN107032872A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-08-11 | 郭文英 | The orchid soft rot organic fertilizer and preparation method prepared by raw material of Chinese medicine dreg |
| CN107641017A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-01-30 | 四川省汇力肥业有限公司 | A kind of amino acid synergistic complex fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN108191504A (en) * | 2018-03-15 | 2018-06-22 | 洋县芋兴魔芋农民专业合作社 | The preparation method and its application method of a kind of fertilizer special for konjak |
| CN108191504B (en) * | 2018-03-15 | 2021-07-23 | 陕西鹮之原有机食品工程中心有限公司 | Preparation method and use method of special fertilizer for konjak |
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