CN108191504A - The preparation method and its application method of a kind of fertilizer special for konjak - Google Patents

The preparation method and its application method of a kind of fertilizer special for konjak Download PDF

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CN108191504A
CN108191504A CN201810215653.XA CN201810215653A CN108191504A CN 108191504 A CN108191504 A CN 108191504A CN 201810215653 A CN201810215653 A CN 201810215653A CN 108191504 A CN108191504 A CN 108191504A
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fertilizer
konjak
chinese yam
fertilizer special
heap
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CN108191504B (en
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闫鹏
李天刚
陈进
陈永刚
周世庆
邓邦华
杨浩
董超
李金平
孙崇义
杨策
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Shaanxi Ibis Zhiyuan Organic Food Engineering Center Co.,Ltd.
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Yangxian County Taro Konjac Farmer Professional Cooperative
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05BPHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B1/00Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
    • C05B1/02Superphosphates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to Crop fertilizer technical fields, specifically disclose the preparation method and its application method of a kind of fertilizer special for konjak.The preparation method of the fertilizer special for konjak includes the following steps:(1)Sterilization and extraction:With the pH of water adjustment Chinese yam saponin waste water, then mixed with konjaku skin slag, squeeze and filter after heating and thermal insulation obtains filtrate A and filter residue B;(2)Dispensing before fermentation:Filter residue B, Chinese yam saponin waste residue, rapeseed cake, vinasse, cow dung are mixed, obtain dispensing C, the moisture and pH of adjustment dispensing C add in leavening, and stirring piles cuboid material heap;(3)Fermentation:Material heap with covered rearing with plastic film is fermented, obtains fermentation fertilizer D;(4)Compounding:Fermentation fertilizer D, calcium superphosphate, Si, Ca, Mg, K fertilizer are uniformly mixed, dried.The fertilizer special for konjak being prepared into is invented, degree of humification, plant germination index and effective bacterium work number are high, enhance konjaku plant disease resistance, improve Amorphophallus Yield and quality of corms.

Description

The preparation method and its application method of a kind of fertilizer special for konjak
Technical field
The invention belongs to Crop fertilizer technical fields, and in particular to a kind of preparation method of fertilizer special for konjak and its use Method.
Background technology
Konjaku is Araeceae Amorphophallus herbaceos perennial, is forest lower floor originating from tropical rainy climate area Herbaceous plant is suitble to warm and moist, direct light rareness, soil to grow hair rich in organic matter and under loose fertile ecological condition It educates.The underground stem tuber of konjaku is economic organ, and the root of konjaku is meat chordal shaped fibrous root, and shallow root system is mostly horizontal to be distributed in In the soil of native lower 10 centimetres of table, it is desirable that soil is soil layer is deep, quality is loose, organic matter enriches and the good loam of permeability Or sandy loam.
The soil maximum restrictive condition of suitable cultivation konjaku has at 2 points:First is requirement subacidity edaphic condition;Second is There are special hobby and needs to organic fertilizer, therefore, a large amount of organic fertilizers of application or farm manure as fertilizing soil in cultivation One of technical measures.But as rural area migrant worker increases, the variation of agricultural structure generation, livestock and poultry Raiser largely reduces, and konjaku production base makes one the available organic fertilizer resource such as domestic animals manure and largely subtract mostly in Hills It is few, cause in konjaku is planted, the usage amount of chemical fertilizer increases, and the increase of fertilizer application, causes soil hardening, nutrient single, Konjaku disease occurs seriously, and yield is not high, and product quality declines.
Meanwhile in konjaku process, fresh Amorphophallus rivieri per ton can generate the skins such as 5% ~ 7% crust, bud slag and 3% ~ 5% silt waste, a large amount of konjaku skin slag, because it contains konjaku germ and 0.27%-0.30% alkaloids, growth to plant, Development has stronger inhibition and injury effect, and direct waste treatment often results in soil pollution, therefore, konjaku skin slag conduct A kind of waste has become the industrial maximum problem of environmental pollution of konjaku.
Chinese yam saponin is a kind of raw material of the higher hormone medicine of medical value, can utilize the potatos such as yellow ginger, earthworm The plants such as Chinese yam class plant and sisal hemp, american aloe are raw material, add dilute sulfuric acid, product saponin is produced by biochemical industry method. Although the economic value of saponin is higher, huge pressure is but brought to environment during producing Chinese yam saponin.Often give birth to 1t saponin is produced, the waste water of 721t can be generated.Moreover, Chinese yam saponin waste water is big with coloration(It is up to thousands of), organic pollution it is dense Degree is high(10 gL of COD COD >-1), acidity is big(pH=1-2、SO4 2-Content is 400-800mgL-1), temperature it is high (55-65℃)The features such as, intractability is big, and being discharged into environment if only passing through simple neutralization, precipitation can be to water around It carries and causes serious pollution with soil.
For this purpose, applicant according to local rapeseed, vinasse are resourceful the characteristics of and konjaku skin slag, Chinese yam saponin waste residue Waste water, the edaphic condition needed with reference to konjaku growth, regulation of fertilizer requirement, has developed a kind of dedicated fertilizer of suitable konjak cultivation.
Invention content
In view of the drawbacks of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of fertilizer special for konjak, disclosure satisfy that the need of konjaku growth and development It asks, improves the coefficient of growth and yield of konjaku, enhance konjaku plant disease resistance, improve the quality of konjaku.
A kind of preparation method of fertilizer special for konjak, comprises the steps of:
(1)Sterilization and extraction:The pH to 2-2.5 of Chinese yam saponin waste water is adjusted with water, according to mass ratio 1:3, by the potato after adjustment Chinese yam saponin waste water mixed with konjaku skin slag, and after being heated to 60-65 DEG C, heat preservation 2-3d carries out sterilization and konjac alkaloid carries It takes, then squeeze and filter, obtains filtrate A and filter residue B, it is spare;
(2)Dispensing before fermentation:Filter residue B, Chinese yam saponin waste residue, rapeseed cake, vinasse, cow dung are mixed, obtain dispensing C, is used The moisture of filtrate A adjustment dispensings C is 45-50%, and the pH that dispensing C is adjusted using ammonium hydroxide is 5.0-5.5, after mixing, is added Enter the leavening of dispensing C mass 0.2-0.3%, be stirred, then pile cuboid material heap;
(3)Fermentation:Material heap is fermented with covered rearing with plastic film, when the heap temperature of material heap reaches 65-70 DEG C, daily turning 1- 2 times;When the heap body volume of material heap is reduced to the 1/3-1/2 of original volume, 39 DEG C of heap temperature <, plastic film is taken down, material heap is cold But 2-3d, 30 DEG C of control heap temperature <, naturally dry obtains fermentation fertilizer D;
(4)Compounding:By fermentation fertilizer D, calcium superphosphate, Si, Ca, Mg, K fertilizer according to mass ratio 100:5:10 are uniformly mixed, and dry, i.e., Obtain fertilizer special for konjak.
Preferably, step(1)Described in Chinese yam saponin waste water be Chinese yam class plant yellow ginger crush through sulfuric acid extract Chinese yam soap The liquid debris of element, pH 1-2, COD COD are 30000~60000mgL-1
Preferably, step(2)Described in filter residue B, Chinese yam saponin waste residue, rapeseed cake, vinasse, cow dung absolute dry mass ratio For(5-10):(6-10):25:35:20.
Preferably, step(2)Described in Chinese yam saponin waste residue be yellow ginger Chinese yam saponin waste residue, be Chinese yam class plant yellow ginger powder The broken solid waste after sulfuric acid extracts Chinese yam saponin.
Preferably, step(2)A height of 1 meter of cuboid material heap, width are 2 meters.
Preferably, step(2)Described in leavening be the equal bacillus of quality, actinomyces, mould mixture.
The application method of fertilizer special for konjak prepared by the above method:The fertilizer special for konjak is as base fertilizer first use, often Mu, using ditching, holing, is applied fertilizer or between two konjac seed in the centre of two cave fertilizer fertilizer using 150-200 kilograms Konjac seed is sowed, konjac seed is prevented to prevent fertilizer special for konjak burn konjac seed from directly being touched with fertilizer.
Advantages of the present invention:
The present invention further utilizes the waste water such as konjaku skin slag, Chinese yam saponin waste water, Chinese yam saponin waste residue and waste residue, final to prepare Into fertilizer special for konjak, degree of humification, plant germination index and effective bacterium number of living are high, and containing containing a small amount of konjaku biology Alkali can inhibit the growth and breeding of pathogenic bacteria, enhance konjaku plant disease resistance, can promote konjaku root, stem, leaf robust growth, carry High Amorphophallus Yield and quality of corms;In addition, the microorganism in fertilizer can generate resistant activity material, it is rapid to breed after being manured into soil For dominant microflora, promote konjaku growth.
Specific embodiment
The raw material used is as follows(% refers to mass percent):
Konjaku skin slag:Konjaku removes bud eye, and the exocuticle of the konjaku taken is then cut using parer, and thickness 1-3mm obtains konjaku Skin slag;
Yellow ginger Chinese yam saponin waste residue:According to the prior art, Chinese yam class plant yellow ginger crushes consolidating after sulfuric acid extracts Chinese yam saponin Body waste contains crude fibre 40.23%, lignin 45.09%;
Chinese yam saponin waste water:According to the prior art, the liquid that Chinese yam class plant yellow ginger crushes after sulfuric acid extracts Chinese yam saponin gives up Gurry, pH 1-2, COD COD are 30000~60000mgL-1
Vinasse:Waste matter after white liquor distilling, containing crude fibre 26%, Crude starch 15%, crude protein 12%, crude fat 3%, calcium 0.3%, Total phosphorus 0.2%;
Rapeseed cake:Contain crude protein 36%, organic matter 92%, crude fat 6.5%;
Peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers:Commerical grade fertilizer contains phosphorus pentoxide 12%;
Si, Ca, Mg, K fertilizer:Commerical grade fertilizer, containing silica 21.7%, calcium oxide 27.3%, magnesia 2.6%, potassium oxide 7.0%.
Embodiment 1
A kind of preparation method of fertilizer special for konjak, comprises the steps of:
(1)Sterilization and extraction:For the pH of Chinese yam saponin waste water used for 1, COD COD is 30000mgL-1, use water The pH to 2 of Chinese yam saponin waste water is adjusted, then according to mass ratio 1:3, by the Chinese yam saponin waste water after adjustment and konjaku skin slag into Row mixing, after being heated to 60 DEG C, heat preservation 3d carries out sterilization and the extraction of konjac alkaloid, then squeeze and filter, obtain filtrate A and Filter residue B, it is spare;
(2)Dispensing before fermentation:According to absolute dry mass than 5:6:25:35:20 by filter residue B, Chinese yam saponin waste residue, rapeseed cake, wine Grain, cow dung mixing, obtain dispensing C, and the moisture using filtrate A adjustment dispensings C is 45%, and the pH of dispensing C is adjusted using ammonium hydroxide It is 5.0, after mixing, adds in the leavening of dispensing C mass 0.2%, be stirred, then piles a height of 1 meter, width is 2 meters Cuboid material heap;The Chinese yam saponin waste residue is yellow ginger Chinese yam saponin waste residue;The leavening gemma bar equal for quality Bacterium, actinomyces, mould mixture;
(3)Fermentation:Material heap is fermented with covered rearing with plastic film, when the heap temperature of material heap reaches 65-70 DEG C, daily turning 1- 2 times;When the heap body volume of material heap is reduced to the 1/3-1/2 of original volume, 39 DEG C of heap temperature <, plastic film is taken down, material heap is cold But 2d, 30 DEG C of control heap temperature <, naturally dry obtains fermentation fertilizer D;
(4)Compounding:By fermentation fertilizer D, calcium superphosphate, Si, Ca, Mg, K fertilizer according to mass ratio 100:5:10 are uniformly mixed, and dry, i.e., Obtain fertilizer special for konjak.
Embodiment 2
A kind of preparation method of fertilizer special for konjak, comprises the steps of:
(1)Sterilization and extraction:For the pH of Chinese yam saponin waste water used for 2, COD COD is 60000mgL-1, use water The pH to 2.5 of Chinese yam saponin waste water is adjusted, then according to mass ratio 1:3, by the Chinese yam saponin waste water after adjustment and konjaku skin slag It is mixed, after being heated to 65 DEG C, heat preservation 2d carries out sterilization and the extraction of konjac alkaloid, and then squeeze and filter, obtains filtrate A It is spare with filter residue B;
(2)Dispensing before fermentation:According to absolute dry mass than 10:10:25:35:20 by filter residue B, Chinese yam saponin waste residue, rapeseed cake, Vinasse, cow dung mixing, obtain dispensing C, and the moisture using filtrate A adjustment dispensings C is 50%, adjusts dispensing C's using ammonium hydroxide PH is 5.5, after mixing, adds in the leavening of dispensing C mass 0.3%, is stirred, then piles a height of 1 meter, width 2 The cuboid material heap of rice;Wherein, the Chinese yam saponin waste residue is yellow ginger Chinese yam saponin waste residue;The leavening is equal for quality Bacillus, actinomyces, mould mixture;
(3)Fermentation:Material heap is fermented with covered rearing with plastic film, when the heap temperature of material heap reaches 65-70 DEG C, daily turning 1- 2 times;When the heap body volume of material heap is reduced to the 1/3-1/2 of original volume, 39 DEG C of heap temperature <, plastic film is taken down, material heap is cold But 3d, 30 DEG C of control heap temperature <, naturally dry obtains fermentation fertilizer D;
(4)Compounding:By fermentation fertilizer D, calcium superphosphate, Si, Ca, Mg, K fertilizer according to mass ratio 100:5:10 are uniformly mixed, and dry, i.e., Obtain fertilizer special for konjak.
Embodiment 3
A kind of preparation method of fertilizer special for konjak, comprises the steps of:
(1)Sterilization and extraction:For the pH of Chinese yam saponin waste water used for 1, COD COD is 40000mgL-1, use water The pH to 2.3 of Chinese yam saponin waste water is adjusted, then according to mass ratio 1:3, by the Chinese yam saponin waste water after adjustment and konjaku skin slag It is mixed, after being heated to 63 DEG C, heat preservation 2d carries out sterilization and the extraction of konjac alkaloid, and then squeeze and filter, obtains filtrate A It is spare with filter residue B;
(2)Dispensing before fermentation:According to absolute dry mass than 8:8:25:35:20 by filter residue B, Chinese yam saponin waste residue, rapeseed cake, wine Grain, cow dung mixing, obtain dispensing C, and the moisture using filtrate A adjustment dispensings C is 48%, and the pH of dispensing C is adjusted using ammonium hydroxide It is 5.2, after mixing, adds in the leavening of dispensing C mass 0.3%, be stirred, then piles a height of 1 meter, width is 2 meters Cuboid material heap;Wherein, the Chinese yam saponin waste residue is yellow ginger Chinese yam saponin waste residue;The leavening bud equal for quality Spore bacillus, actinomyces, mould mixture;
(3)Fermentation:Material heap is fermented with covered rearing with plastic film, when the heap temperature of material heap reaches 65-70 DEG C, daily turning 1- 2 times;When the heap body volume of material heap is reduced to the 1/3-1/2 of original volume, 39 DEG C of heap temperature <, plastic film is taken down, material heap is cold But 3d, 30 DEG C of control heap temperature <, naturally dry obtains fermentation fertilizer D;
(4)Compounding:By fermentation fertilizer D, calcium superphosphate, Si, Ca, Mg, K fertilizer according to mass ratio 100:5:10 are uniformly mixed, and dry, i.e., Obtain fertilizer special for konjak.
Comparative example 1(Filtrate A is replaced with water, without filter residue B and Chinese yam saponin waste residue)
A kind of preparation method of konjaku fertilizer, comprises the steps of:
(1)Dispensing before fermentation:According to absolute dry mass than 25:35:20 mix rapeseed cake, vinasse, cow dung, obtain dispensing C, make Moisture with water adjustment dispensing C is 48%, after mixing, adds in the leavening of dispensing C mass 0.3%, is stirred, Then a height of 1 meter is piled, width is 2 meters of cuboid material heap;Wherein, the leavening bacillus equal for quality, unwrapping wire Bacterium, the mixture of mould;
(2)Fermentation:Material heap is fermented with covered rearing with plastic film, when the heap temperature of material heap reaches 65-70 DEG C, daily turning 1- 2 times;When the heap body volume of material heap is reduced to the 1/3-1/2 of original volume, 39 DEG C of heap temperature <, plastic film is taken down, material heap is cold But 3d, 30 DEG C of control heap temperature <, naturally dry obtains fermentation fertilizer D;
(3)Compounding:By fermentation fertilizer D, calcium superphosphate, Si, Ca, Mg, K fertilizer according to mass ratio 100:5:10 are uniformly mixed, and dry, i.e., It can.
Comparative example 2
Nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, wherein, according to mass ratio N:P:K=15:15:15.
One, quality testings:Testing index is shown in Table 1
Shown by table 1:The fertilizer special for konjak that embodiment 1,2,3 is prepared using konjaku skin slag, waste saponin residue, saponin waste water, contains Containing a small amount of konjac alkaloid, degree of humification, plant germination index and effective bacterium work number are above comparative example 1,2.
The Fertilization Effect of two, fertilizer special for konjak
Using fertilizer special for konjak as base fertilizer first use, using ditching, holing, in the medium sowing konjaku kind of two cave fertilizer fertilizer Taro prevents konjac seed to prevent fertilizer special for konjak burn konjac seed from directly being touched with fertilizer.In late April, 2017 is in Yang County Konjaku is planted in Huang An towns San Daoling villages, and for gentle slope, yellow mud soil, cultivar is elephant-foot yam kind to milpa, carries out ganoid konjaku taro Breeding, takes konjaku interplanting corn, Root growth, and 1.5 meters of row spacing plants 3 row konjakus, 50 centimetres of konjaku line-spacing, spacing in the rows per ridge 40 centimetres, 3335 plants of mu density, average single 6 grams of ganoid konjaku taro, the shading of furrow maize planting.Konjaku planting site is equally divided into 6 groups, Every group 10 mu, the Cultivate administration method of every group of konjaku is also identical, and every group of konjaku provided respectively using the embodiment of the present invention 3 is special 150 kilograms, 170 kilograms, 200 kilograms of fertilizer, 200 kilograms of the konjaku of comparative example 1 fertilizer, with 50 kilograms of 2 nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer of comparative example, 80 kilograms of comparison konjaku plantations, observe the growing state of konjaku, the results are shown in Table 2.
The service condition of table 2 konjaku fertilizer
As shown in Table 2, fertilizer special for konjak provided by the invention can reduce the diseased plant rate of konjaku, promote konjaku volume increase.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of preparation method of fertilizer special for konjak, it is characterised in that:It comprises the steps of:
(1)Sterilization and extraction:The pH to 2-2.5 of Chinese yam saponin waste water is adjusted with water, according to mass ratio 1:3, by the potato after adjustment Chinese yam saponin waste water mixed with konjaku skin slag, and after being heated to 60-65 DEG C, heat preservation 2-3d carries out sterilization and konjac alkaloid carries It takes, then squeeze and filter, obtains filtrate A and filter residue B, it is spare;
(2)Dispensing before fermentation:Filter residue B, Chinese yam saponin waste residue, rapeseed cake, vinasse, cow dung are mixed, obtain dispensing C, is used The moisture of filtrate A adjustment dispensings C is 45-50%, and the pH that dispensing C is adjusted using ammonium hydroxide is 5.0-5.5, after mixing, is added Enter the leavening of dispensing C mass 0.2-0.3%, be stirred, then pile cuboid material heap;
(3)Fermentation:Material heap is fermented with covered rearing with plastic film, when the heap temperature of material heap reaches 65-70 DEG C, daily turning 1- 2 times;When the heap body volume of material heap is reduced to the 1/3-1/2 of original volume, 39 DEG C of heap temperature <, plastic film is taken down, material heap is cold But 2-3d, 30 DEG C of control heap temperature <, naturally dry obtains fermentation fertilizer D;
(4)Compounding:By fermentation fertilizer D, calcium superphosphate, Si, Ca, Mg, K fertilizer according to mass ratio 100:5:10 are uniformly mixed, and dry, i.e., Obtain fertilizer special for konjak.
2. a kind of preparation method of fertilizer special for konjak according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step(2)Described in filter Slag B, Chinese yam saponin waste residue, rapeseed cake, vinasse, cow dung absolute dry mass ratio be(5-10):(6-10):25:35:20.
3. a kind of preparation method of fertilizer special for konjak according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step(1)Described in potato Chinese yam saponin waste water is that Chinese yam class plant yellow ginger crushes the liquid debris after sulfuric acid extracts Chinese yam saponin, pH 1-2, and chemistry needs Oxygen amount COD is 30000~60000mgL-1
4. a kind of preparation method of fertilizer special for konjak according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step(2)Described in potato Chinese yam waste saponin residue is yellow ginger Chinese yam saponin waste residue, is that the solid that Chinese yam class plant yellow ginger is crushed after sulfuric acid extracts Chinese yam saponin gives up Gurry.
5. a kind of preparation method of fertilizer special for konjak according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step(2)Cuboid material A height of 1 meter of heap, width are 2 meters.
6. a kind of preparation method of fertilizer special for konjak according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step(2)Described in send out Ferment agent is the mixture of the equal bacillus of quality, actinomyces, mould.
7. a kind of application method of fertilizer special for konjak, it is characterised in that:The fertilizer special for konjak is using side described in claim 1 What method was prepared, the fertilizer special for konjak is as base fertilizer first use, per acre using 150-200 kilograms, using ditching, holing, Between two konjac seed fertilising or the medium sowing konjac seed in two cave fertilizer fertilizer, prevent konjac seed from fertilizer Material directly touches, and prevents fertilizer special for konjak burn konjac seed.
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CN110999742A (en) * 2019-12-30 2020-04-14 金阳天地精华青花椒白魔芋农民专业合作社 Konjak planting soil ball and preparation method thereof
CN111084066A (en) * 2019-12-30 2020-05-01 金阳天地精华青花椒白魔芋农民专业合作社 Konjak planting method

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