CN104892154B - A kind of medicine fertilizer for preventing and treating elephant-foot yam soft rot and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of medicine fertilizer for preventing and treating elephant-foot yam soft rot and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to control of plant disease and field of biological pesticide, a kind of medicine for preventing and treating elephant-foot yam soft rot is fertile, and its each component mass fraction is as follows：35~45 parts of organic fertilizer, 30~50 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 4~6 parts of herbal powder, 9~11 parts of nutritional auxiliary；5~7 parts of compound binding agent.The present invention reaches the purpose for suppressing carrot soft rot Erwinia, and this medicine fertilizer step very simple during Prevention technology by the active component in herbal powder.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to control of plant disease and field of biological pesticide.
Background technology
Amorphophallus Araeceae herbaceos perennial, because containing glucomannoglycan in the underground bulb of konjaku, tool
There are high medical value and edibility.Since the 1980s, konjaku has turned into the master of China central and west regions economy
Want one of pillar industry.Konjaku industry breeds unlimited business opportunity, and in whole konjaku industrial chain, it is most weak and least stable
Link be precisely source industry-konjaku planting industry.The maximum " bottleneck " for influenceing konjaku plant production development is exactly konjak soft rot
Preventing and treating problem.
Konjak soft rot be it is a kind of have very big infecting potential and the bacterial disease of destruction to konjaku plant, be known as
" cancer " of konjaku, it is the bacterial disease as caused by carrot soft rot Erwinia carrot subspecies, konjaku produces when occurring serious
Amount loss can reach more than 80% or even have no harvest, have a strong impact on the enthusiasm of peasant planting konjaku sometimes up to 30%~50%.
The preventing and treating of konjak soft rot at present is relied primarily on using chemical agent, and chemical agent cost is high, chemical agent difficult degradation, to plant
Itself there is an infringement or toxic, the problems such as also bringing environmental pollution, konjaku pollution of agricultural products, quality to konjaku product and go out
Mouth has considerable influence, and does not find to be directed to the particularly efficient chemical agent of konjak soft rot, the preventing and treating evil spirit of chemical agent yet
Taro soft rot it is ineffective.
Patent document (application number：200810236726.X) a kind of traditional Chinese medicine bactericide for preventing and treating konjak soft rot is disclosed,
The percentage by weight of its Main Ingredients and Appearance is：Garlic P.E 12%~36%, coptis extract 3%~12%, folium lonicerae extraction
Thing 3%~10%, agricultural chemicals wettable powder agent aid 3%~5%, surplus are agricultural chemicals filling carrier.The master of garlic P.E
It is allicin to want active component, and the main active of coptis extract is berberine, the main active of honeysuckle extract
For chlorogenic acid, its mechanism of action is that carrot soft rot Erwinia is Gram-negative bacteria, and allicin is three thio-allyl ether classes
A variety of Gram-positives and negative bacterium are had an antibacterial action by compound, thus allicin carrot soft rot Erwinia to
Stronger bactericidal effect, berberine and chlorogenic acid can aid in allicin to kill carrot soft rot Erwinia.In the documents
Medicine bactericide uses natural plant extracts, when overcoming traditional chemical reagent difficult degradation, virose defect, but using
Konjaku taro kind need to be put into the traditional Chinese medicine bactericide to be soaked, pull out and planted after air-drying, in being used successively in planting process
Medicine bactericide pouring root, traditional Chinese medicine bactericide spraying plant and soil, whole process of preventing and treating more bother.
The content of the invention
The invention is intended to provide one kind to prevent and treat elephant-foot yam soft rot by suppressing carrot soft rot Erwinia and prevent and treat
The simple medicine fertilizer of processing step.
Patent formula：A kind of medicine fertilizer for preventing and treating elephant-foot yam soft rot, its each component number is as follows,
35~45 parts of organic fertilizer；
30~50 parts of inorganic fertilizer；
4~6 parts of herbal powder, the herbal powder component include cordate houttuynia, golden cypress, the bark of official magnolia, Chinese gall and rheum officinale；
9~11 parts of nutritional auxiliary；
5~7 parts of compound binding agent.
Beneficial effect：Organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer and nutritional auxiliary can produce for konjaku and provide abundant source of nutrition, organic
Fertile on the one hand nutrient that equilibrium is provided for plant, improve the nutrition condition of plant；Be advantageous to root in terms of another aspect organic fertilizer
System grows, and improves the disease resistance of plant；The effect of inorganic fertilizer：A large amount of, micro battalion required for konjaku growth is provided
Support element, balance nutrient supply；Nutritional auxiliary provides the trace element required for konjaku growth, balance nutrient supply；Chinese herbal medicine
Powder is the particulate that Chinese herbal medicine crushed to 300 mesh sieves, and now Chinese herbal medicine cell broken wall, can suppress carrot soft rot
The antipathogenic composition of Erwinia has discharged, and contacts and can be absorbed by elephant-foot yam with elephant-foot yam root system.Compoiste adhering
Agent can strengthen the viscosity between organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, nutritional auxiliary, herbal powder these materials so that these materials lead to
Cross comminutor and medicine fertilizer particle is made.
In use, deep 15cm ditch is first opened in elephant-foot yam field, the drains spacing konjaku stem foot 15cm opened, then this preventing and treating is spent
The medicine fertilizer of konjak soft rot is applied in ditch, and earthing covers medicine fertilizer.Compared to traditional traditional Chinese medicine bactericide, without immersion, pouring root, spraying
Etc. step, process very simple is prevented and treated, need to only be applied fertilizer in field can complete to prevent and treat, and Prevention technology step is simple, in addition, now
Broken wall, bacteriostatic active ingredients have discharged into soil plant cell in herbal powder, by elephant-foot yam root system
Absorb so as to suppress carrot soft rot Erwinia, reach preferable prevention effect.
Further, organic fertilizer is 40.7 parts, 38 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 5 parts of herbal powder, 10.3 parts of nutritional auxiliary, compound viscous
6 parts of agent is tied, the prevention effect of the medicine fertilizer of the preventing and treating elephant-foot yam soft rot of this proportioning is optimal.
Further, as the fast-developing and laboratory facilities of analytical chemistry, structural chemistry and analytical instrument becomes better and approaching perfection day by day,
So that isolating and purifying for active material makes some progress with Structural Identification in Chinese herbal medicine, result of study shows, it is antibacterial or
Antibiotic effective ingredient mainly has:Terpenoid and its derivative；The nitrogenous sulfur-containing compound such as alkaloid, acid amides and protein；
Fat compound, mainly long-chain carbon alkane and aliphatic acid；Aromatic compound, including phenols, flavonoids and quinones, last of the ten Heavenly stems phthalein
Acetaldehyde；Organic acid etc..The each component mass fraction of herbal powder in the present invention is：20 parts~40 parts of cordate houttuynia, golden cypress 5
Part~20 parts, 5 parts~20 parts of the bark of official magnolia, 5 parts~20 parts of Chinese gall, wherein 20 parts~40 parts of rheum officinale, cordate houttuynia fungicide active ingredient
Composition be volatile oil, the volatile oil is last of the ten Heavenly stems phthalein acetaldehyde, belongs to aromatic compound；Gallic active component is 3,4,5-
Trihydroxybenzoic acid, belong to organic acid；The active component that rheum officinale works is anthraquinones, belongs to quinones；The work of golden cypress
Property composition is 3 kinds of Flavonol glycoside compounds, i.e. amurensin A, B and Kaempferol -3-O-A-D- mannoses, belongs to flavonoids；The bark of official magnolia
The composition to work is total phenolic compounds, belongs to aldehydes matter.Classes of compounds effect above together, has very strong suppression
Bacterium or antibacterial action, interference somatic cells metabolic process and the disease-resistant system of host can be strengthened by destroying the eucaryotic cell structure of thalline
System, suppress carrot soft rot Erwinia so as to reach to prevent and treat the soft rot of elephant-foot yam.
Further, organic fertilizer is by the one or more in vinasse, rapeseed dregs, system chaff, offal, Chinese medicine slag, adds fermentation
Microbial inoculum (such as microorganism quick rotting agent) fermentation gained, wherein offal be tobacco in process because of friction and caused by powder, in
The dregs of a decoction are the common discarded dregs of a decoction such as barrenwort, the wind-weed, the tuber of pinellia, the bark of official magnolia, golden cypress, rheum officinale, vinasse, rapeseed dregs, system chaff, offal, in
The dregs of a decoction are all that Guizhou Province common are machine waste material, and amount is big and cheap.
Further, inorganic fertilizer includes urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) and potassium sulfate, there is provided a large amount of inorganic battalion required for konjaku growth
Support element such as N, P, K etc., balance nutrient supply.
Further, nutritional auxiliary is by boric acid, humic acid potassium, amino acid, manganese sulfate, copper sulphate, magnesium sulfate, selenous acid
In sodium, calcium sulphate dihydrate any one or it is several mix, can provide konjaku growth required for micronutrient member
Element such as Mn, Zn, Cu, B, Na, balance nutrient supply.
Further, composite caking agent selects organic-inorganic compound mixed fertilizer granulation compound binding agent, improves granulating rate, makes fertilizer
Material has certain slow release.
The invention also discloses a kind of preparation method for the medicine fertilizer for preventing and treating elephant-foot yam soft rot.
Patent formula：A kind of preparation method for the medicine fertilizer for preventing and treating elephant-foot yam soft rot, step are as follows：
A) organic fertilizer fermentation：4 are compared according to mass fraction：1.5：1.5：0.5：2.5 ratio is by vinasse, rapeseed dregs, system
Chaff, offal, Chinese medicine slag uniformly mix, and adjust mixture water content and be adjusted to 25~30 for 50%~60%, C/N：1, afterwards
The fermenting agent of gross mass 0.02% is added, decomposed fermentation 15~20 days, obtains organic fertilizer；
B) prepared by herbal powder：Cordate houttuynia, golden cypress, the bark of official magnolia, Chinese gall, rheum officinale are subjected to ultramicro grinding and cross 300 mesh sieves,
By 20 parts~40 parts of cordate houttuynia, 5 parts~20 parts of golden cypress, 5 parts~20 parts of the bark of official magnolia, 5 parts~20 parts of Chinese gall, 20 parts~40 parts of rheum officinale
Carry out being mixed with herbal powder；
C) material mixes：By organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, nutritional auxiliary crushes respectively and 60 mesh sieves excessively are standby, has then weighed
35~45 parts of machine fertilizer, 30~50 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 4~6 parts of herbal powder, 9~11 parts of nutritional auxiliary；Compound binding agent 5~7
Part, and all materials are well mixed, appropriate organic liquid binding agent wet mix material can be used in mixed process；
D) it is granulated：The material being well mixed in step c) is subjected to normal temperature extruder grain；
E) sieve：Fertiliser granulates of the step d) particle screening into particle diameter for 1~5mm will be passed through；
Fertiliser granulates finally are packed with barrier material, that is, the medicine fertilizer of preventing and treating elephant-foot yam soft rot is made.
Beneficial effect：By above step be made preventing and treating elephant-foot yam soft rot medicine fertilizer, step b) by cordate houttuynia, golden cypress,
The bark of official magnolia, Chinese gall, rheum officinale ultramicro grinding cross 300 mesh sieves, Chinese herbal medicine cell can be carried out into broken wall so that the work in cell
Property composition discharges, and is easy to elephant-foot yam plant root directly to absorb.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment, the present invention is further detailed explanation：
Embodiment 1
A kind of medicine fertilizer for preventing and treating elephant-foot yam soft rot, its each component mass fraction are as follows：Organic fertilizer is 40.7 parts, inorganic fertilizer
38 parts, 5 parts of herbal powder, 10.3 parts of nutritional auxiliary, 6 parts of compound binding agent.
The each component mass fraction of herbal powder therein is：20 parts of cordate houttuynia, 10 parts of golden cypress, 20 parts, five times of the bark of official magnolia
Sub 20 parts, 30 parts of rheum officinale.
Organic fertilizer is to be added by the mixture of vinasse, rapeseed dregs, system chaff, offal, Chinese medicine slag such as the fermentation of microorganism quick rotting agent
Gained, vinasse, rapeseed dregs, system chaff, offal, the quality parts ratio of Chinese medicine slag are 4：1.5：1.5：0.5：2.5.
Inorganic fertilizer is the mixture of urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) and potassium sulfate.Nutritional auxiliary is by boric acid, humic acid potassium, amino
Acid, manganese sulfate, copper sulphate, magnesium sulfate, sodium selenite, the mixture of calcium sulphate dihydrate.Composite caking agent is answered from organic and inorganic
Complex fertilizer granulation compound binding agent, it is patent " title：Organic-inorganic compound mixed fertilizer granulation compound binding agent and preparation method
And application；Application number：CN201310725079.X；Publication date：2014.04.02 " disclosed in organic-inorganic compound mixed fertilizer be granulated use
Compound binding agent.
Said ratio is after verification experimental verification, it was demonstrated that it has good effect to elephant-foot yam Disease-Control for Soft-Rotting.Content of the test
It is as follows：Carry out within 2014 preventing and treating the medicine fertilizer experiment and demonstration of elephant-foot yam soft rot, demonstration area in Zunyi County konjaku planting base
Locate subtropical zone monsoon Shi Hou areas, rain heat same season, annual rainfall is 1100~1200mm, average annual temperature 13.5~15.7 DEG C it
Between, average annual sunshine 1150 hours, 270 days or so frost-free period, extreme lowest temperature is -3 DEG C, and the highest temperature is 39 DEG C, and height above sea level exists more
More than 900m, soil are yellow earth.For trying 18 mu of the gross area, 3 processing are set altogether, and each processing is repeated 3 times, and experiment plot is mountain
Area bar shaped level land, each 2 mu of cell, each cell random alignment in processing.
Processing 1：Using conventional composite fertilizer (10-10-20), amount of application 50kg/667m2；
Processing 2：Using conventional composite fertilizer (10-10-20), amount of application 50kg/667m2, prevented and treated using agricultural streptomycin
Spraying preventing and treating, in June 20, July 7, July 20 used 1000 times of agricultural streptomycin liquid even spraying 3 times；
Processing 3：Medicine using the preventing and treating elephant-foot yam soft rot of the present embodiment 1 is fertile (6-5-10), amount of application 100kg/
667m2；
Result of the test is as follows：
(1) the elephant-foot yam soft rot diseased plant rate of the konjaku planting base is counted (table 1)：
A situation arises that statistics (table 1) shows for each processing soft rot, gradually increases as planting time extends the soft rot incidence of disease
Add, compared with conventional fertilizer application processing 1, the processing 2 of soft rot is prevented and treated and using the art of this patent preventing and treating flower using agricultural streptomycin
The medicine fertilizer processing 3 of konjak soft rot, reduce the incidence of disease of elephant-foot yam soft rot；Late July handles 2 elephant-foot yam soft rot disease
Strain rate reduces 2.5%, and 3 elephant-foot yam soft rot diseased plant rates of processing reduce 7%；The elephant-foot yam soft rot disease of late August processing 2
Strain rate reduces 19%, handles 3 elephant-foot yam soft rot diseased plant rate and reduces 24%, it can be seen that, medicine made of the present embodiment 1
Performance of the fertilizer on elephant-foot yam Disease-Control for Soft-Rotting is excellent.
Table 1 respectively handles elephant-foot yam soft rot a situation arises statistics
(2) the elephant-foot yam yield of the konjaku planting base is counted (table 2)：
Each processing experiment output statistics (table 2) shows, compared with conventional fertilizer application processing 1, processing 2, processing 3 improve flower
The yield of konjaku, volume increase are respectively reached up to 21.56%, 50.18%, are handled 3 volume increase and are become apparent from, i.e., made of the present embodiment 1
Medicine fertilizer is excellent in the performance that elephant-foot yam increases production.
The respectively processing experiment output statistics of table 2
Embodiment 2
A kind of preparation method for the medicine fertilizer for preventing and treating elephant-foot yam soft rot
Step is as follows：
A) organic fertilizer fermentation：It is 4 according to quality parts ratio：1.5：1.5：0.5：2.5 ratio is by vinasse, rapeseed dregs, system
Chaff, offal, Chinese medicine slag uniformly mix, and its water content is adjusted to 50%~60%, C/N and be adjusted to 25~30：1, Zhi Houzai
Add gross mass 0.2% such as microorganism quick rotting agent or other fermenting agents, decomposed fermentation 15~20 days, obtain organic fertilizer；
B) prepared by herbal powder：Cordate houttuynia, golden cypress, the bark of official magnolia, Chinese gall, rheum officinale are subjected to ultramicro grinding and cross 300 mesh sieves,
It is 20 parts of Heartleaf Houttuynia Herb, 10 parts of phellodendron powder, 20 parts of Officinal Magnolia Bark, 20 parts of Chinese Gall, Rhubarb by mass fraction
30 parts are mixed and made into herbal powder；Or elder generation is 20 parts of cordate houttuynia, 10 parts of golden cypress, 20 parts, five times of the bark of official magnolia according to mass fraction
Sub 30 parts of 20 parts, rheum officinale mixed materials, then above-mentioned raw materials progress ultramicro grinding is crossed into 300 mesh sieves, herbal powder is made.
C) material mixes：By organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, nutritional auxiliary crush respectively and cross it is standby after 60 mesh sieves, then by having
Machine fertilizer is 40.7 parts, 38 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 5 parts of herbal powder, 10.3 parts of nutritional auxiliary, the mass fraction that 6 parts of compound binding agent
Material is weighed, and all materials are well mixed, with appropriate organic liquid binding agent wet mix material in mixed process；
D) it is granulated：The material being well mixed in step c) is subjected to normal temperature extruder grain；
E) sieve：Fertiliser granulates of the step d) particle screening into particle diameter for 1~5mm will be passed through；
F) pack：It will be packed by step e) with barrier material, that is, the medicine fertilizer of preventing and treating elephant-foot yam soft rot is made.
The medicine of conventional composite fertilizer (10-10-20) or preventing and treating elephant-foot yam soft rot is fertile (6-5-10) in specification：In bracket
Three numerals represent the content number of purity nitrogen in fertilizer, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide respectively, and known this of those skilled in the art is write
Method.The research technique that C/N (carbon-nitrogen ratio) adjustment and those skilled in the art understand thoroughly.
Above-described is only embodiments of the invention, and the general knowledge such as known concrete structure and characteristic is not made herein in scheme
Excessive description., without departing from the structure of the invention, can be with it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art
Several modifications and improvements are made, these should also be considered as protection scope of the present invention, and these are implemented all without the influence present invention
Effect and practical applicability.The scope of protection required by this application should be based on the content of the claims, in specification
The records such as embodiment can be used for the content for explaining claim.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of medicine fertilizer for preventing and treating elephant-foot yam soft rot, its each component mass fraction are as follows：
35~45 parts of organic fertilizer；
30~50 parts of inorganic fertilizer；
4~6 parts of herbal powder, the herbal powder component include cordate houttuynia, golden cypress, the bark of official magnolia, Chinese gall and rheum officinale；
9~11 parts of nutritional auxiliary；
5~7 parts of compound binding agent.
2. the medicine fertilizer of preventing and treating elephant-foot yam soft rot according to claim 1, it is characterised in that organic fertilizer is 40.7 parts, nothing
38 parts of machine fertilizer, 5 parts of herbal powder, 10.3 parts of nutritional auxiliary, 6 parts of compound binding agent.
3. the medicine fertilizer of preventing and treating elephant-foot yam soft rot according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the herbal powder
Each component mass fraction be：20 parts~40 parts of cordate houttuynia, 5 parts~20 parts of golden cypress, 5 parts~20 parts of the bark of official magnolia, Chinese gall 5 parts~20
Part, 20 parts~40 parts of rheum officinale.
4. the medicine fertilizer of preventing and treating elephant-foot yam soft rot according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the organic fertilizer is by wine
One or more addition fermenting agent fermentations in grain, rapeseed dregs, system chaff, offal, Chinese medicine slag form.
5. the medicine fertilizer of preventing and treating elephant-foot yam soft rot according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the inorganic fertilizer includes urine
Element, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) and potassium sulfate.
6. the medicine fertilizer of preventing and treating elephant-foot yam soft rot according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the nutritional auxiliary is by boron
One or several kinds in acid, humic acid potassium, amino acid, manganese sulfate, copper sulphate, magnesium sulfate, sodium selenite, calcium sulphate dihydrate are mixed
Conjunction forms.
7. the medicine fertilizer of preventing and treating elephant-foot yam soft rot according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the composite caking agent is selected
Organic-inorganic compound mixed fertilizer granulation compound binding agent.
8. a kind of preparation method of medicine fertilizer for preventing and treating elephant-foot yam soft rot according to claim 1, its step are as follows：
A, organic fertilizer fermentation：According to quality parts ratio 4：1.5：1.5：0.5：2.5 ratio by vinasse, rapeseed dregs, system chaff, cigarette
End, Chinese medicine slag uniformly mix, and its water content is adjusted to 50%~60%, C/N and be adjusted to 25~30：1, total matter is added afterwards
The fermenting agent of amount 0.02%, decomposed fermentation 15~20 days, obtains organic fertilizer；
B, prepared by herbal powder：Cordate houttuynia, golden cypress, the bark of official magnolia, Chinese gall, rheum officinale are subjected to ultramicro grinding and cross 300 mesh sieves, by fish
20 parts~40 parts 20 parts~40 parts of raw meat grass, 5 parts~20 parts of golden cypress, 5 parts~20 parts of the bark of official magnolia, 5 parts~20 parts of Chinese gall, rheum officinale progress
It is mixed with herbal powder；
C, material mixes：By organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, nutritional auxiliary crushes respectively and 60 mesh sieves excessively are standby, then weighs organic fertilizer
35~45 parts, 30~50 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 4~6 parts of herbal powder, 9~11 parts of nutritional auxiliary；5~7 parts of compound binding agent, and
All materials are well mixed；
D, it is granulated：The material being well mixed in step c is subjected to normal temperature extruder grain；
E, sieve：By the fertiliser granulates by step d particle screening into particle diameter for 1~5 mm.
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| CN105503363A (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2016-04-20 | 济南舜祥医药科技有限公司 | Compound biological bacterial manure special for Konjak and preparation method of compound biological bacterial manure |
| CN105777362B (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2018-01-16 | 贵州御凤天泓生物科技发展有限公司 | A kind of soil organic medical fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN105948960A (en) * | 2016-05-03 | 2016-09-21 | 广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Composite natural drug nicotine fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN107032872A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-08-11 | 郭文英 | The orchid soft rot organic fertilizer and preparation method prepared by raw material of Chinese medicine dreg |
| CN107641017A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-01-30 | 四川省汇力肥业有限公司 | A kind of amino acid synergistic complex fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN108191504B (en) * | 2018-03-15 | 2021-07-23 | 陕西鹮之原有机食品工程中心有限公司 | Preparation method and use method of special fertilizer for konjak |
| CN117546875B (en) * | 2023-11-06 | 2024-06-11 | 陕西省微生物研究所 | Konjak seed coating agent and coating method thereof |
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