CN1048735C - 相溶性范围宽的酮醛树脂、其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

相溶性范围宽的酮醛树脂、其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN1048735C
CN1048735C CN95101895A CN95101895A CN1048735C CN 1048735 C CN1048735 C CN 1048735C CN 95101895 A CN95101895 A CN 95101895A CN 95101895 A CN95101895 A CN 95101895A CN 1048735 C CN1048735 C CN 1048735C
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M·奥特尔特
W·弗赖塔格
C·马切特
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Abstract

相溶性范围宽的酮醛树脂,其制备方法和其应用。
本发明涉及相溶性范围宽的酮醛树脂,它包含环脂族酮和尤其是甲醛和必要时其它单体,其制备方法,和其在漆、印刷墨和其它涂料特别是颜料制剂中作为硬树脂的应用。

Description

相溶性范围宽的酮醛树脂、其制备方法和应用
本发明涉及相溶性范围宽的酮醛树脂,它包括环脂族酮,尤其是甲醛,必要时还包括其它单体,其制备方法和在漆、印刷墨和其它涂料中特别是在颜料制剂中作为硬树脂的应用。
环己酮和甲基-环己酮与醛,特别是与甲醛在碱的存在下缩合得到各种缩合产物是已知的(Ullmann′s Encyclopedia ofIndustrial Chemistry第23卷,Verlag Chemie Weinheim,1993年,第99-105页)。这些树脂在溶剂和粘结剂的整个谱中不具有普遍实用的溶解度和相溶性。尤其是由于生态学和毒理学的原因,增加所使用的纯脂族化合物和石油溶剂不适合用作稀释剂。重要的粘结剂类型如长油醇酸树脂,植物油,烃树脂和聚酰胺大多数也是不相溶的。由于这个原因,也不可能在以矿物油为基的印刷墨和通用的调色体系或颜料制剂中使用。
出于经济和计算上的原因,增加颜料制剂生产,该颜料制剂必须尽可能地在常用的涂料系统中是可使用的。以环己酮或甲基-环乙酮甲醛树脂为基的调色浆料尤其在具有低极性粘结剂和溶剂的涂料中带来不稳定性。
EP-B0007106公开了脂族和环酮的缩聚产物,它是由该专利公开的方法制备的,具有的软化点非常高,结果具有的分子量比较高,从而在脂族溶剂中是不相溶的。
本发明的任务是提供具有相溶性范围宽的酮醛树脂和其制备方法。这种树脂应该与尽可能宽谱的涂料粘结剂是可相容的,它具有的溶解度应尽可能地是通用的,尤其力求在脂族化合物中的溶解性。还应该保持酮醛树脂的普通特性并确保良好的颜料润湿。
本发明的任务是通过由环脂族酮、醛和必要时其它单体组成的酮-甲醛树脂解决的,这些树脂包含:I.40-100mol%(以全部所使用的酮为基础)的至少一种烷基取代的环己酮它带有1个或多个烷基基团,该基团有1-8个碳原子,II.0.8-2.0mol的至少一种脂族醛,以1mol全部所使用的酮为基,和III.0-60mol%(以全部所使用的酮为基)的其它酮,这些酮具有脂族,环脂族,芳香族烃基团,在烃链上可用相同的或不同的但又是上述的烃基团取代,以及必要时包括酚和/或尿素或其衍生物。
特别优选的C1-C8烷基取代的环己酮是4-叔丁基环己酮和3,3,5-三甲基环己酮。
本发明的酮醛树脂具有宽的溶解度和相溶性,尤其适用于普遍可使用的颜料制剂。
本发明的酮醛树脂是实际上都可溶于涂料可采用的有机溶剂,特别是矿物油,石油溶剂和脂族化合物。这提供了制备气味淡的,保护环境和无毒性的涂料的可能性。
该酮醛树脂与粘结剂和树脂的相溶性范围宽。特别是它们可与有关的非极性型物质如长油醇酸树脂,天然油,烃树脂和聚酰胺混合。因此,它特别适合于用作漆和印刷墨中的硬树脂。
由本发明的酮醛树脂可形成稳定的颜料制剂和调色浆料,这些物质可用于大多数涂料并带来突出的颜色特征。
本发明的酮醛树脂可包括单独或混合的所有烷基取代的环己酮,它带有1个或多个烷基基团,该烷基上总的碳原子数为1-8个,作为实例可提及的是4-叔戊基环己酮,2-仲-丁基环己酮,2-叔-丁基环己酮,4-叔-丁基环己酮,2-甲基环己酮和3,3,5-三甲基环己酮。优选的是4-叔-丁基环己酮和3,3,5-三甲基环己酮。
作为脂族醛原则上适用的是无支链或带支链的醛,例如甲醛、乙醛、丁醛、十二烷醛等,但优选使用单独或混合的甲醛。
所要求的甲醛通常以约30%(重量)的水溶液使用。其它附加形式的醛同样也是可以的。可包括与甲醛混合的芳香醛,例如苯甲醛。
本发明的酮醛树脂的其它单体可包括单独或混合使用的脂族,环脂族,芳香族或混合特性的主要酮。可提及的例子为丙酮,甲乙酮、3-戊酮、甲基异丁基酮、环戊酮,2,2,4-和2,4,4-三甲基环戊酮的混合物,环己酮,环庚酮和环辛酮。但优选地为甲乙酮,环己酮和苯乙酮。一般可使用适合于酮树脂合成的文献中提到的所有酮。
必要时还可包含少量的其它单体如酚、尿素和其衍生物作为用于本发明酮醛树脂附加的单体。
本发明一个特定的实施方案包括环己酮的混合物。特定的重要特性是通过使用三甲基环己酮/环己酮,4-叔-丁基环己酮/三甲基环己酮/环己酮和4-叔-丁基环己酮/三甲基环己酮的混合物实现的。
对于专业人员来说通过改变用量比例可容易地调整树脂特性如熔点,羟基数和克分子量。
本发明的酮醛树脂最好具有平均分子量为500-1000,特别优选地为500-800。
可使用所有已知方法合成树脂。一般是在碱催化剂的存在下进行缩合。这样的反应例如在Ullmann′s Encyclopdie dertechnischen Chemie Bd.12,Verlag Chemie Weinheim,1976年,第547-555页中作了描述。
     实施例
在下面的实施例中阐述本发明。
实施例1-4制备本发明的酮醛树脂
原料                       使用量(克)
树脂1 树脂2 树脂3 树脂4
 4-叔-丁基环己酮甲乙酮3,3,5-三甲基环己酮苯乙酮环己酮甲醛(浓度为30%wt)NaOH(浓度为50%wt) 770.2----699.340.0  490.6229.3---764.0101.8  176.7-481.7-112.4573.1114.5  172.3-469.9134.2-559.0111.7
按通常的方法将酮和1/3所需的以浓度约30%(质量)的甲醛水溶液形式存在的甲醛混合并加热至60℃。然后在15分钟内滴加所需的浓度为50%(质量)的NaOH水溶液并加热至80℃。接着在90分钟内滴加剩余量的甲醛并将其在约85℃下回流4小时。在加入冰醋酸之后用水洗涤最终形成的树脂至中性。蒸馏后得到浅黄色、软化点为80-90℃的脆性树脂。性能测试I.测试溶解度
测试实施例1-4的树脂1-4在各种溶剂中的溶解度,并与两种由市场购得的环己酮-甲醛树脂进行比较。
  溶剂                    溶解度(浓度为50%质量的溶液)
树脂1 树脂2 树脂3 树脂4 对比例A 对比例B
乙醇     +     +   +    +     +    +
正-丁醇     +     +   +    +     +    +
丁基乙二醇     +     +   +    +     +    +
甲乙酮     +     +   +    +     +    +
乙酸乙酯t     +     +   +    +     +    +
乙酸乙酯     +     +   +    +     +    +
二甲苯     +     +   +    +     +    +
石油溶剂     +     +   +    +     -    -
正-己烷     +     -   +    +     -    -
矿物油     +     +   +    +     -    -
+:完全可溶-:不可溶或不完全可溶比较A:Bayer AG的Kunstharz AFS(合成树脂)比较B:Hüels AG的Kunstharz CA(合成树脂)II.测试相溶性
测试实施例1-4的树脂1-4与各种粘结剂和树脂的相溶性,并与两种从市场购得的环己酮-甲醛树脂进行比较,酮-甲醛树脂/粘结剂或树脂的重量比为40∶60。将该物质溶解在合适的溶剂中,混合并在玻璃上干燥成一层膜,检验其不相溶性(混浊等)
树脂/粘结剂                         相溶性
树脂1 树脂2 树脂3 树脂4 对比A 对比B
聚异丁烯酸酯1   +   +   +   +     ±     ±
苯乙烯丙烯酸酯2   +   +   +   +     +     +
环氧树脂3   +   +   +   +     +     +
密胺树脂4   +   +   +   +     +     +
硝化纤维素5   +   +   +   +     +     +
聚酯树脂6   +   +   +   +     +     +
短油醇酸树脂7   +   +   +   +     +     +
长油醇酸树脂8   +   +   +   +     ±     ±
烃树脂9   +   +   +   +     -     -
亚麻子油   +   +   +   +     -     -
聚酰胺树脂10   +   +   +   +     ±     ±
+:完全相溶的或澄清膜±:相溶性的极限,或膜缺陷-:不相溶的,或严重混浊的膜1 PLEXIGUMP28/Róehm2 SYNTHACRYLSC126/Hoechst AG
3 EPIKOTE828/Shell
4 MAPRENALMF900/Hoechst AG
5 Nitrocellulose E510/Wolff Walsrode
6 DYNAPOLLH908/Hüls AG
7 ALKYLDALF26/Bayer AG
8 ALKYLDALF681/Bayer AG
9 NECIRESLF220/160/Neville Cindu
10 VERSAMID930/Cray ValleyIII.测试颜料润湿
将实施例4的树脂4按常用方法制成各种颜色的调色料浆。
    成分:                          用量(重量份)
    a)白     b)黄     c)兰     d)黑
KRONOS2310     70,0      -     -     -
BAYFERROX3920      -     55,0     -     -
HELIOGENBLAUL6875F      -      -     25,0     -
Flammruβ101      -      -     -     25,0
树脂4     10,0     12,5     24,0     15,0
SER AD FX 9085     2,5     7,0     10,0     15,0
SER AD FA 196     -     3,0      -     5,0
浆料βENTONESD 2     0,5     0,5      -     -
SOLVESSO100     17,0     22,0     41,0     40,0
调色浆料     100,0     100,0     100,0     100,0
通过向漆中添加10份重量的调色料浆和下列的醇酸树脂颜料配成调色料浆。醇酸树脂颜料ALKYLDALF 681,浓度为55%在石油溶剂中72,7  重量份:KRONOS2065                           18,5  重量份NUODEXCo 6%                         0,3   重量份NUODEXPb 24%                        0,9   重量份NUODEXCa 4%                         1,0   重量份EXKIN2                               0,3   重量份SHELLSOLA                            2,5   重量份石油溶剂                                3,8   重量份醇酸树脂颜料                            100,0 重量份
该料浆与漆混合没有带来问题。这类漆具有良好的流变特性和良好的絮凝稳定性。
按常规方法在薄钢板上制成漆膜并评价。漆膜特征:
  测试的特性   a)   b)   c)   d)
  白   黄     兰     黑
  光泽20°     85%     88%     85%     83%
  光泽60°     91%     92%     91%     89%
色度      C*(CIELAB)光亮度  L*(CIELAB)Rub Out   AE(CIELAB)     -91,4-     43,1-0,7     46,0-1,0     -29,21,2
本发明述及的实施例1-3的其它树脂具有类似的良好的特性。作为比较使用的环己酮-甲醛树脂A和B原则上也可用于上述的调色料浆。可是,当形成最终的漆时,由于不相溶性出现强的絮凝现象。因此,在普遍使用的漆中,不可以使用这些树脂。

Claims (9)

1.环脂族酮和脂族醛为基料的酮醛树脂,其特征在于,它们是通过在碱催化剂的存在下,缩合以下物质获得的
I.40-100mol%(以全部使用的酮为基)的至少一种烷基取代的环己酮,它带有1个或多个烷基基团,该基团有1-8个碳原子,
II.0.8-2.0mol%至少一种脂族醛,以1mol所有使用的酮为基,和
III.0-60mol%(以全部使用的酮为基)具有脂族,环脂族,芳香族烃基团的其它酮,在烃链上可用相同或不同的但又是上述的烃基团取代,以及存在或不存在酚和/或尿素或其衍生物,
该酮醛树脂具有的平均分子量为500-1000,软化点为70-95℃。
2.按照权利要求1的酮醛树脂,其特征在于包含作为组分I的4-叔-丁基环己酮和/或3,3,5-三甲基环己酮。
3.按照权利要求1的酮醛树脂,其特征在于包含作为组分II的至少一种选自甲醛、乙醛、丁醛、十二烷醛和苯甲醛的单体。
4.按照权利要求1的酮醛树脂,其特征在于包含作为组分II的甲醛。
5.按照权利要求1的酮醛树脂,其特征在于包含作为组分III的苯乙酮,甲乙酮和/或环己酮。
6.按照权利要求1的酮醛树脂,其特征在于包含由3,3,5-三甲基环己酮,4-叔-丁基环己酮和/或环己酮组成的混合物。
7.按照权利要求1-6的任一项的酮醛树脂作为涂料的树脂添加物的应用。
8.按照权利要求1-6的任一项的酮醛树脂制造颜料浓缩物或调色料浆的应用。
9.环脂族酮和脂族醛基的酮醛树脂的制备方法,其特征在于它们是在碱催化剂的存在下于80-90℃的温度缩合以下物质制备的:
I.40-100mol%(以全部使用的酮为基)的至少一种烷基取代的环己酮,它带有1个或多个烷基基团,该基团有1-8个碳原子,
II.0.8-2.0mol至少一种脂族醛,以1mol全部使用的酮为基,和
III.0-60mol%(以全部使用的酮为基)具有脂族,环脂族,芳香族烃基团的其它酮,在烃链上可用相同或不同的但又是上述的烃基团取代,以及存在或不存在酚和/或尿素或其衍生物。
CN95101895A 1994-02-16 1995-02-15 相溶性范围宽的酮醛树脂、其制备方法和应用 Expired - Fee Related CN1048735C (zh)

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