CN104860739A - Biomass charcoal-based soil conditioner and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Biomass charcoal-based soil conditioner and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104860739A CN104860739A CN201410066274.0A CN201410066274A CN104860739A CN 104860739 A CN104860739 A CN 104860739A CN 201410066274 A CN201410066274 A CN 201410066274A CN 104860739 A CN104860739 A CN 104860739A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a biomass charcoal-based soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof. The biomass charcoal-based soil conditioner comprises, by weight, 55-65 parts of biomass charcoal, 25-35 parts of earthworm manure, 5-10 parts of pyroligneous liquor, 2-6 parts of a probiotic agent and 1-3 parts of a binder. The used biomass charcoal comprises black biomass charcoal particles formed by incomplete combustion of agricultural waste biomass under low oxygen or anaerobic conditions, has outstanding biochemical stability, degradation resistance and microbial sluggishness and is more stable than common organic additives. The biomass charcoal has good porosity, a large specific surface area, high nitrogen, phosphor and potassium nutrient adsorption and maintenance capability, and substantial water retention, fertilizer conservation, fertility betterment and soil fertility effects, and effectively reduces the fertilizer use amount in the farmland. Through use of the biomass charcoal-based soil conditioner in the soil, the biomass charcoal-based soil conditioner can effectively improve a soil granule structure for long time, optimizes a soil ecological environment, improves fertilizer utilization efficiency, improves a yield and efficiency, effectively seals carbon in soil, realizes agricultural emission reduction and satisfies agricultural continuous development.
Description
technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural wastes resource circulation utilization technical field, be specifically related to a kind of with agricultural abandoned biomass charcoal soil improvement agent that is matrix and preparation method thereof.
background technology
Soil is most important capital goods in the agricultural sector.Since reform and opening-up, the developing rapidly of China's economy that be promoted to steadily of agricultural productivity provides strong support, but soil of simultaneously also having overdrawed to a certain extent produces potential.On the one hand, long-term, a large amount of uses of chemical fertilizer cause the series of problems such as fertilizer efficiency decline, soil compaction, water pollution; On the other hand, the agriculture production of high strength and land use cause the problem such as soil acidification, desertification day by day serious, and these all become the bottleneck of restriction China agricultural sustainable development.Therefore, improve soil, culture fertility, raising soil integrated production capacity for guarantee national food security, support national economy fast development there is very important strategic importance.
Soil improvement agent is one of effective ways recovering soil integrated production capacity.At present, common modifying agent has two kinds, first natural amendments, with humic acids and polysaccharide for representative, by hydrocarbon chain mulching soil clay surface, changes its hydratability and swell-shrink characteristic, forms water-stable granule.It two is synthetic modifying agents, comprises polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide preparation, asphalt emulsion etc., by method stable soil granules such as bonding, coatings, thus plays the effect of improvement Soil structure.The production technique relative complex of these soil improvement agents, cost are higher, or belong to Chemicals, easily cause secondary environment to be polluted, in large-scale promotion uses, all there is certain obstacle.
Biomass charcoal is that plant biomass has height aromatising substance through a class of carbonization pyrolysis gained under hypoxemia or anaerobic condition, there is high stability and stronger characterization of adsorption, execute soil and not only increase soil organic substance, build up fertility, and degradation resistant, improve carbon and seal the time up for safekeeping in soil.Unanimously generally acknowledge that biomass charcoal is a kind of pollution-free green soil modifying agent at present in the world.Although biomass charcoal can bring very golden eggs to the mankind, in biomass charcoal and applied research thereof, also there are some problems.Such as, because biomass charcoal density is few, gentlier, be inconvenient to transport and use, and be difficult to after being manured into soil separately be decomposed by the microorganisms, the effect etc. of getting instant result can not be played.Therefore exploitation application effect is badly in need of good and be convenient to transport and the novel biomass charcoal soil improvement agent used.
summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of take biomass charcoal as soil improvement agent of matrix and preparation method thereof, not only Soil structure can be improved, there is fabulous preserve moisture and fertility and heat the function with culture fertility, more carbon effectively can be sealed in soil, realize agricultural to reduce discharging, meet the direction of agricultural sustainable development.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
Take biomass charcoal as a soil improvement agent for matrix, be made up of following material, by weight percentage:
Biomass charcoal 55-65
Wormcast 25-35
Wood vinegar 5-10
Probiotic agent 2-6
Binding agent 1-3
Described biomass charcoal is one or more in corn cob charcoal, rice hull carbon, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae charcoal, straw charcoal, mushroom dish charcoal.
Biomass charcoal in the present invention preferably adopts the agriculture waste biomass charcoal that anoxic destructive distillation decomposition technique is produced under sub-hot conditions.Described agriculture waste biomass can be corn cob, rice husk, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, stalk, edible fungi substrate etc., but are not limited thereto.
Described wormcast is preferably the wormcast that raw material generates after earthworm biologically digesting with feces of livestock and poultry, and water ratio is lower than 50%.
Described probiotic agent is one or more in Paenibacillus polymyxa, Trichoderma, vinelandii, root nodule bacterium, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, cellulose-decomposing bacterium, antibiotics generated bacterium, photosynthetic bacteria.
Total living bacteria count >=1,000 hundred million/the g of described probiotic agent.
Described binding agent is wilkinite or clay.
Described a kind of to take biomass charcoal as the preparation method of the soil improvement agent of matrix be: mixed by said ratio by above-mentioned each raw material, then through granulator granulation, particle diameter 3. 5mm-5.0mm, with there being the packaging bags of plastic inner container to put in storage after weighing.
Biomass charcoal (bio-char) is the class height aromatize infusibility solid matter produced through pyrolysis charring when anoxic wholly or in part by plant biomass.It is a kind of porous charcoal, has the function of water storage and water conservation, fertilizer conservation, can reduce the leaching of nitrogen, potassium, alleviate the pollution of fertilizer to underground water.Apply biomass charcoal in soil, can the soil weight be reduced, stabilize the soil moisture, improve soil accumulated temperature effect.Large, middle and trace element in addition in biological straw charcoal also directly and effectively can be utilized by crop.
Wormcast is the product that earthworm clears up organic solid castoff, there is good permeability, air permeability, drainage and higher water holding capacity, there is very large surface-area, make many beneficial microorganism existences and there is good absorption and keep the ability of nutritive substance.Wormcast not only has abundant nutritive substance, the various plants hormones such as GA, the JAA of the hestening rooting also containing high level.Wormcast is rich in humic acid material simultaneously, and humic acid can affect plant nutrition absorption and albumen synthesis.
Wood vinegar is in agro-ecology raw material RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON metallization processes process, reclaims the active organic mixture being separated and obtaining through condensation.Containing about 500 kinds of organic compositions such as acid, alcohol, phenol, ester, carbonyl class and furans.Test confirms, wood vinegar has Promoting plant growth, antibacterial, weeding, the multiple effect such as anticorrosion, agriculture production can be used as plant growth promoter, soil improvement agent, antiseptic-germicide, sterilant, repellent, sterilizing agent use.
Probiotic agent is according to microecology principle, in order to the regulating and controlling microbial eubiosis, utilize the active flora that useful micropopulation member or its promotion material are made, there is anti-soil compaction, P and K decomposing, decomposes organic, promotes that soil nutrient transforms to the conveying of crop, promote crop root growth, improve utilization rate of fertilizer and soil water storage drought-resistant ability.The profitable strain in microflora can be made after probiotic agent is manured into soil to become dominant microflora, the microecosystem of imbalance is restored balance again.
Compared with existing soil improvement agent, the present invention has the following advantages:
1, production technique is simple, and raw material is easy to get, with low cost.The substrate material of the charcoal base soil improvement agent that the present invention produces is the biomass charcoals such as corn cob, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, rice husk; come from the abandoned biomass that agroforestry are produced; equipment used is conventional pulverizer, simple and easy carbide furnace, stirrer, granulating disc etc.; production unit is simple; with low cost, be easy to industrialization.
2, water-retaining effect heat, good stability, long-lasting outstanding.The present invention has extremely strong adsorptivity, water-retentivity and heating property of extinction, after being manured into soil, not only fertilizer slow-release can be held, reduce fertilizer leaching loss, and heat water conservation district owing to forming a little extinction around each carbon granule, drought and water shortage, low temperature can be alleviated to a certain extent on the impact of crop growth.Meanwhile, product stable in physicochemical property is long-lasting outstanding.
3, Viable detection is high, prevents and treats soil-borne disease successful.The specific surface area that the present invention utilizes biomass charcoal larger and pore texture, can provide good living environment for the growth of different microbe species and group, effectively can keep the activity of probiotic agent, the survival rate of biological bacteria is significantly improved.Detect through reality, preserve the biomass charcoal soil improvement agent of a year at normal temperatures, the survival rate more than 80% of its probiotics.Because Viable detection is high, be manured into soil and prevent and treat the successful of soil-borne disease.
4, environmentally friendly, safety and environmental protection.The present invention's substrate material used is pure organic-biological matter carbon particle, and its main component more than 90% is stable carbon, stable in physicochemical property.Both can for a long time, carbon fixation and emission reduction constantly, there is no secondary pollution, environmentally friendly, safety and environmental protection yet, meet the direction of agricultural sustainable development.
embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Example 1
(1) biomass sub-high temperature anaerobic intensification carbonization;
For corn cob.Corn cob granule is sent in movable combined efficient biomass carbonizing plant (another invention of our company), under anaerobic carry out intensification carbonization (carbonization time is 8H).When heating temperatures is to more than 150 DEG C, the complex construction of particle starts to decompose; Decompose aggravation when temperature is greater than 260 DEG C, generate wood vinegar, wood tar oil and gas; Start anoxybiotic, atomization when temperature reaches 450 DEG C, generate black charcoal crude granule.Meanwhile, utilize condensation of gas and purification system that carbonizing plant is connected with venting port, reclaim the wood vinegar blended tars of liquefaction, for subsequent use after naturally cooling.
(2) dealing with earthworm feces of livestock and poultry obtains earthworm excrement;
Select the earthworm kind of good, the resistance to high-moisture of commodity (as: large flat No.), choose robust growth, energetic, the earthworm of epidermis light, tames into work earthworm by bait stress-inducing method.Bar buttress earthworm excrement thin layer soverlay technique is adopted to be inoculated on feces of livestock and poultry by work earthworm.Covered by low temperature thin film, the mode that high temperature shades, the temperature controlling earthworm Working environment, at 5 DEG C-30 DEG C, controls moisture 60%-70% by the mode of artificial recharge and natural drying.Feces of livestock and poultry can obtain beige through clearing up of earthworm about 15 days, has the material of earth breath to be namely wormcast.
(3) probiotic bacterium enlarged culturing becomes probiotic agent
Select subtilis, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria and cellulose-decomposing bacterium to cultivate, its weight proportion is
2:1:1:1。After the bacterial classification access liquid nutrient medium screened is activated, the activated spawn of getting 5m1 accesses to be equipped with in the triangular flask of 250ml substratum carries out the cultivation of liquid shaking table, again by the bacterial classification obtained through 15L, 1t seeding tank enlarged culturing and obtain the fermented liquid of 800kg step by step, disk centrifugal separator is utilized to carry out solid-liquid separation to it, again through flash dryer expansion drying, obtain 4.2kg probiotic agent.
(3) the composite granulation of raw material
After first biomass charcoal being pulverized; sieve with 80-100 order square hole sieve; by weight percentage biomass charcoal powder 60 parts, wormcast 28 parts, 6 parts, wood vinegar, probiotic agent 4 parts and clay 2 parts are put into rotation mixer uniform stirring again; then through granulating disc granulation; particle diameter 3. 5mm-5.0mm, with there being the packaging bags of plastic inner container to put in storage after weighing.
Claims (7)
1. be a soil improvement agent for matrix with biomass charcoal, be made up of following material, by weight percentage:
Biomass charcoal 55-65
Wormcast 25-35
Wood vinegar 5-10
Probiotic agent 2-6
Binding agent 1-3.
2. according to claim 1 a kind of take biomass charcoal as the soil improvement agent of matrix, it is characterized in that: described biomass charcoal is one or more in corn cob charcoal, rice hull carbon, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae charcoal, straw charcoal, mushroom dish charcoal.
3. according to claim 1 a kind of take biomass charcoal as the soil improvement agent of matrix, it is characterized in that: described wormcast is be the wormcast that raw material generates after earthworm biologically digesting with feces of livestock and poultry, and water ratio is lower than 50%.
4. according to claim 1 a kind of take biomass charcoal as the soil improvement agent of matrix, it is characterized in that: described probiotic agent is one or more in Paenibacillus polymyxa, Trichoderma, vinelandii, root nodule bacterium, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, cellulose-decomposing bacterium, antibiotics generated bacterium, photosynthetic bacteria.
5. a kind of according to claim 1,4 take biomass charcoal as the soil improvement agent of matrix, it is characterized in that: the total living bacteria count >=1,000 hundred million/g of described probiotic agent.
6. according to claim 1 a kind of take biomass charcoal as the soil improvement agent of matrix, it is characterized in that: described binding agent is wilkinite or clay.
7. according to claim 1 a kind of take biomass charcoal as the soil improvement agent of matrix; it is characterized in that: above-mentioned each raw material is mixed by said ratio; then through granulator granulation, particle diameter 3. 5mm-5.0mm, with there being the packaging bags of plastic inner container to put in storage after weighing.
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