CN104783091A - 石斛干品的加工方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种石斛干品的加工方法。本发明由于石斛所含的主要成分为石斛多糖,该石斛多糖为大分子结构,很难溶于水,所以石斛的新鲜茎条成传统加工的干品(如枫斗,干条)要蒸煮两个小时以上才能有淡淡的石斛味,食用不方便;本发明所加工的石斛茎节干品因经过速冻,低温真空烘烤后,产品内部形成膨松多孔隙状,石斛多糖呈细微粉状,在冲泡蒸煮过程中快速溶于水,食用方便。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种石斛干品的加工方法。
背景技术
石斛作为药用最早记载于2000年前《神农本草经》,列为上品,谓其“味甘,平,无毒。主伤中,除痹,下气、补五脏虚劳,赢瘦,强阴,久服厚肠胃。轻身,延年、、、、、、”历代本草和《中华人民共和国药典》均有收载。石斛是滋阴要药,具有滋阴清热、生津益胃、润肺止咳、润喉明目、延年益寿之功效。石斛是中药中的名贵品种。从本草的有关论述和现代的大量研究,都证明其功效的确切,深受大众的信赖。
石斛是兰科(Orchidaceae)石斛属(Dendrobium)植物,被世界公约组织列入《濒危野生动植物国际贸易公约》(CITES)附录I或II。近20年来,随着生物科技的发展,在资源、鉴别、组织培养、人工栽培、化学成分、药理作用及产品开发方面的研究工作,以石斛属中最佳品种一铁皮石斛为主的产业化发展提供了科学依据。
传统的石斛干品加工方法如下:
整理:将鲜石斛去除泥沙杂质,去叶、花梗和须根,做“龙头”者适当去除部分须根,短茎无须切断,长茎剪成5-7cm的短段。
烘焙:将短段的石斛置于炭盆上低温烘焙,使其软化并去部分水分,便于卷曲。
卷曲:趁热将已软化的石斛茎用手卷曲,使其呈螺旋形团状,压紧:加工圆筒形弹簧状的霍斗是将已软化的霍山石斛茎缠绕在粗铁丝上,扎紧:加工空心虫草枫斗是将已软化的多根石斛茎缠绕于石丸上,压紧。
加箍:取稻草杆或韧质纸条将卷曲的石斛茎十字形箍紧,使其紧密,均匀一致。
干燥:将加箍后的石斛茎在炭盆上低温干燥,或用烘箱低温干燥,或晒干,待略干收缩后重新换箍,反复数次,直至完全干燥。
成品:去除加箍的稻草杆或纸条,或抽去铁丝,并根据需要撞去外表梢膜,分档即为枫斗。
传统加工方法有如下缺陷:干品棕褐色断面结实干硬,难咬碎无香味有少量渣,无法冲泡,须蒸煮或炖煲数小时才能出味,浸酒需浸泡数月或数年才能出味,且制作方法采用手工艺制作,大批量生产费工费力费时。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明提供一种克服了上述缺陷的石斛干品的加工方法。
为达到上述发明目的,本发明石斛干品的加工方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:
石斛材料分拣:对所述石斛鲜品按植物的不同部位分拣;
山泉水冲洗:分检后的石斛鲜品经多次冲洗、漂洗,用器具盛装至温度5-30℃环境静置2-10小时;
切成规格:按产品需求切成0.5cm-10cm的不同规格的茎节;
恒温杀青:放至不锈钢电热锅内进行恒温杀青,水温恒温在60-65℃,把石斛材料放至锅内5-30分钟;
速冻:送入冷库,在-20℃--80℃的库房冷冻,冷冻时长24-48小时以上;
负压烘烤:原材料冷库取出送入真空烤房或烘烤设备进行负压烘烤,真空负压压力在30-80kpa,烘烤温度在60-100℃,烘烤时间1-5小时。
进一步地,所述的石斛材料分检至少包括分拣全株石斛,所述全株石斛是指包含根、茎、叶、花的石斛;分拣鲜茎条,所述鲜茎条是指所述石斛的茎,并去掉茎上的叶子;所述叶子是指石斛的叶子。
有益效果:
与现有相关技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明由于石斛所含的主要成分为石斛多糖,该石斛多糖为大分子结构,很难溶于水,所以石斛的新鲜茎条通过传统方法加工的干品(如枫斗,干条)要蒸煮两个小时以上才能有淡淡的石斛味,食用不方便.
本发明所加工的石斛茎节干品因经过速冻,低温真空烘烤后,产品内部形成膨松多孔隙状,石斛多糖呈细微粉状,在冲泡蒸煮过程中快速溶于水,食用方便。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明做进一步的描述。
下表为采用本发明所述的石斛干品的加工方法加工的石斛干品与采用传统石斛干品的加工方法加工的石斛干品的各项指标的对比。
1、采用本发明加工方法的石斛产品具有:
(1)外观:茎节颜色金黄或黄褐色,茎节饱满;叶子呈黄褐色,叶舒展。
(2)口感:闻之天然香气浓厚,入口香、酥、脆,咀嚼时纤维细腻,口腔唾液分泌后,反复咀嚼,石斛所特有的多糖膏滋逐步显现,越嚼越黏滑,回甘度好,口感细腻。
(3)手感:手一捏即碎,可拧捏成细碎粉末状。
(4)冲泡:可取产品适量(3-5克),用沸水冲泡数秒后即成一杯口感甚好的石斛养身保健茶,可连续冲泡多次。
(5)煮水:取产品适量(3-5克),煮水500ml,煮后茶汤呈黄绿色,内溶物含量丰富,可反复煮水多次。
(6)蒸煮:可蒸煮煲汤药膳(如炖瘦肉、排骨、老鸭、鸡等食材)石斛有效内溶物能快速溶解到汤羹中。
(7)泡酒:取产品适宜放入不同酒精度的白酒或黄酒中,能较快地把石斛有效的内溶物溶于酒中。
本发明石斛干品的加工方法,包括如下步骤:
石斛材料分拣:对所述石斛鲜品按植物的不同部位分拣;
山泉水冲洗:分检后的石斛鲜品经多次冲洗、漂洗,用器具盛装至温度5-30℃环境静置2-10小时;
切成规格:按产品需求切成0.5cm-10cm的不同规格的茎节;
恒温杀青:放至不锈钢电热锅内进行恒温杀青,水温恒温在60-65℃,把石斛材料放至锅内5-30分钟,如:叶子只需5分钟,茎条和全株需要20-30分钟;
速冻:送入冷库,在-20℃--80℃的库房冷冻,冷冻时长24-48小时以上,如:叶子只需24小时即可,茎条和全株需48小时以上;
负压烘烤:原材料冷库取出送入真空烤房或烘烤设备进行负压烘烤,真空负压压力在30-80kpa,烘烤温度在60-100℃,烘烤时间1-5小时,如:叶子需要负压30kpa、温度60℃、烘烤1小时;茎条和全株需要负压70kpa、温度在90℃、烘烤5小时。
进一步地,所述的石斛材料分检至少包括分拣全株石斛,所述全株石斛是指包含根、茎、叶、花的石斛;分拣鲜茎条,所述鲜茎条是指所述石斛的茎,并去掉茎上的叶子;所述叶子是指石斛的叶子。
对本发明应当理解的是,以上所述的实施例,对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细的说明,以上仅为本发明的实施例而已,并不用于限定本发明,凡是在本发明的精神原则之内,所作出的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内,本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求所界定的保护范围为准。
Claims (2)
1.一种石斛干品的加工方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括如下步骤:
石斛材料分拣:对所述石斛鲜品按植物的不同部位分拣;
山泉水冲洗:分检后的石斛鲜品经多次冲洗、漂洗,用器具盛装至温度5-30℃环境静置2-10小时;
切成规格:按产品需求切成0.5cm-10cm的不同规格的茎节;
恒温杀青:放至不锈钢电热锅内进行恒温杀青,水温恒温在60-65℃,把石斛材料放至锅内5-30分钟;
速冻:送入冷库,在-20℃--80℃的库房冷冻,冷冻时长24-48小时以上;
负压烘烤:原材料冷库取出送入真空烤房或烘烤设备进行负压烘烤,真空负压压力在30-80kpa,烘烤温度在60-100℃,烘烤时间1-5小时。
2.根据权利要求1所述的石斛干品的加工方法,其特征在于,所述的石斛材料分检至少包括分拣全株石斛,所述全株石斛是指包含根、茎、叶、花的石斛;分拣鲜茎条,所述鲜茎条是指所述石斛的茎,并去掉茎上的叶子;所述叶子是指石斛的叶子。
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CN106387829A (zh) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-15 | 洪雅县和鑫农业科技发展有限公司 | 一种青花椒烘干方法 |
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