CN104686274A - Efficient apocarya propagation method - Google Patents
Efficient apocarya propagation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104686274A CN104686274A CN201510116108.1A CN201510116108A CN104686274A CN 104686274 A CN104686274 A CN 104686274A CN 201510116108 A CN201510116108 A CN 201510116108A CN 104686274 A CN104686274 A CN 104686274A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
Abstract
The invention relates to an efficient propagation method for special economic woody fruits, namely, apocarya. By conducting apocarya seed optimization, lamination, seed sowing, seedling tending, autumn budding, seedling digging in spring of the second year, rot cutting, seedling transplanting, thick root grafting and planting, thin root seedling culture and tending, grafting and other processes, 85 to 90 bud grafted stocks can be cultivated in the current year through every 100 apocarya seeds, 40 to 50 cut-grafting seedlings, 40 to 50 bud grafted stocks and about seedlings, namely, root cutting seedlings can be cultivated in the second year, and about 100 bud grafted stocks can be cultivated in the third year. The propagation method which is high in propagation coefficient, easy to master and low in cost is provided for apocarya, and the aim of cultivating the cultivated apocarya seedlings which can grow strongly and are developed in root system and high in transplanting survival rate is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of commodity trees breeding, be specially the efficient propagation method of extraordinary economic fruit apocarya.
Background technology
Apocarya (
carya illinoensis) have another name called pecan tree, pecan, belong to Juglandaceae hickory plant, originate in the U.S. and northern Mexico.Apocarya nut kernel is rich in unsaturated fatty acid and antioxidant, tool prevention coronary heart disease and anti-aging effects; Its timber is fine quality hard broadleaf; Its tree-like tall and straight, tree crown is graceful, is excellent Landscape Trees, has very high economic worth and good ecological benefits, wide market.Apocarya introduces the history in China's existing more than 100 years; but so far; do not form industrialization yet to produce; one of wherein main technical reason is that the propagation technique of nursery stock is broken through at all; growing-seedling period is long; reproductive efficiency is low, is difficult to form large-scale production, seriously limits the Industry Promotion that apocarya is produced.
Apocarya has deep-rootedness, not easily sends out the feature of side root, and the bareroot seedling side root that traditional field seedling raising mode is cultivated is few, and transplanting survival rate is low.The technology of current employing container nursery is also ripe gradually, and is applied to market production, also achieves good effect.But the method seedling cost is high, operation easier is large, though the seedling quality cultivated is good, price is higher.In addition, every seed (fruit) can only breed 1 seedlings at most, and reproductive efficiency is not high enough.
This apocarya seedling-cultivating method, overcome the shortcoming of traditional field seedling raising, absorb the advantage of container nursery, emphasis make use of apocarya 1 year raw seedling to have the advantages that underground part growth (main root) has extraordinary fertility much larger than overground part (stem) and young root, in conjunction with existing graft technology, improve the reproduction coefficient of apocarya, accomplished in 3 years every seed (fruit) 3 young plants can be cultivated about good seed (i.e. grafting), substantially increase the reproductive efficiency of apocarya.And the nursery stock cultivated has more side root, be beneficial to the survival rate improving nursery stock transplanting.
The present invention breaks through traditional and existing Seedling Raising Techniques of Carya illinoensis, and the method is easy to grasp, and reproductive efficiency is high, well developed root system, and nursery stock is healthy and strong, and transplanting survival rate is high, can give security for apocarya good species in the popularization of China.
Summary of the invention
goal of the invention:the object of the invention is for current apocarya reproductive efficiency low; The nursery stock that tradition is cultivated is without side root, and transplanting survival rate is low; The problems such as potted plant seedling cost is high, provide one can improve reproduction coefficient, are easy to grasp, the apocarya propagation method that composition is cheap, the objects such as the apocarya seedling growth realizing cultivating is healthy and strong, well developed root system, and transplanting survival rate is high.
particular content:
1, the preparation of seed.Select gather then, the seed of completely filled fruit, weigh 4 more than g, reject damage by disease and insect, broken seed.Late December ~ early January carries out wet husky hiding (and lamination) process to seed, and dry seed need soak about 24 h, wet husky: seed=4 ~ 5:1(volume ratio), 2 ~ 3 months husky Tibetan time.
2, sowing ground prepares.(1) plough deeply frozen soil: mid or late December to sowing plough deeply, the degree of depth of ploughing at 30 ~ 40 cm, late January ~ plough again 1 time at the beginning of 2 months; (2) base fertilizer is used sufficient: when ploughing for the 1st time, execute pure fertilizer or high-quality farmyard manure (doing) 2 ~ 3 kg/m at sowing ground surface
2with colza cake 0.5 ~ 1.0 kg/m
2, ploughed by 2 times and mix with soil as far as possible; (3) do furrow wholely: late Febuary ~ March early and middle ten days carry out doing furrow according to wide 1.0 ~ 1.2 m of furrow, furrow furrow width 30 ~ 35 cm, dark 15 ~ 20 cm wholely, require that furrow face is smooth, furrow soil loosening is without large clod.
3, sow.Water furrow planting on furrow face, the time mid-February ~ late March, sowing depth 6 ~ 8 cm, line-spacing 30 ~ 35 cm, spacing in the rows 20 ~ 25 cm, i.e. 13 ~ 15/m
2.After planting need at the branch, bark etc. of upper berth, furrow face one deck straw or pulverizing, thickness 2 ~ 4 cm, then waters sufficient moisture.
4, seedling fosters.Precision management is needed to unearthed seedling, timing intertill and clean tillage, meet arid and irrigate in time, fatten in 6 ~ August.Best with the cake fertilizer of the farmyard manure become thoroughly decomposed or the system of vomitting, carry out fattening 2 ~ 4 times according to nursery stock growing way, every minor tick 7 ~ 15 days.5 ~ July carries out plant growth regulator treatment, and namely continuous 3 basal part of stem smear GA
3solution, concentration 500 ~ 700 mgL
-1, every minor tick about 15 days, promotes plants stems base portion to increase thick.
5, autumnbudding.Mid-August ~ early September carries out, and selects the kind be suitable for as required, the branch that clip growth is enriched, axillalry bud is full, carries out path budding by professional grafting personnel at seedling base portion (distance ground about 5cm).
6, dig seedling and root spring to cut point.2nd year spring (by the end of March at the beginning of 4 months) digs seedling, requires nursery stock underground part root all to dig out, and can not damage.Then underground part root is cut trisect, the 1st section (i.e. epimere) comprises overground part bud seedling, wherein long about 15 cm of root, the 2nd section of long 15 ~ 20 cm of (i.e. stage casing) root, the 3rd section of long about 15 cm of (i.e. hypomere) root.
7, bud transplantation of seedlings, thick root graft field planting and radicula nursery.(1) bud transplantation of seedlings: the i.e. bud seedling of long about 15 cm of epimere root, its root, after suitably process (immersion, leaching mud or root-growing agent process), carries out field planting according to line-spacing 30 ~ 35 cm, spacing in the rows 20 ~ 25 cm, and meticulously fosters.(2) thick root graft field planting: namely use cm thicker root in stage casing 15 ~ 20 to carry out " pick connects ", undertaken by professional, usually adopt cut-grafting method.Connect and carry out field planting according to line-spacing 30 ~ 35 cm, spacing in the rows 20 ~ 25 cm, and meticulously foster equally afterwards.(3) radicula nursery: the root that namely hypomere 15 ~ 20 cm is thinner, carries out burying root nursery.Bury the root degree of depth degree of depth 6 ~ 8 cm, line-spacing 30 ~ 35 cm, spacing in the rows 20 ~ 25 cm, the same seeding and seedling raising of other measures.
8, the result of seedling propagation.Emergence rate about 95%, then height of seedling 40 ~ 50 cm, thick 0.8 ~ 1.2 cm of ground stem, long 45 ~ 55 cm of subterraneous root, upper, middle and lower section root rugosity is respectively 1.0 ~ 1.2 cm, 1.2 ~ 1.6 cm, 0.5 ~ 0.6 cm.Autumnbudding survival rate 85 ~ 90%, transplanting survival rate more than 95%, the thick root cut-grafting in stage casing survival rate 40 ~ 50%, the nursery stock of grafting survival is not had to send good branch then after transplanting, autumn can continue bud grafting, and hypomere radicula nursery planting percent can more than 100%, in order to cultivate strong sprout, each radicula only need stay a branch, within the 2nd year, gets final product bud grafting.
Technical scheme of the present invention is preferred apocarya seed, foster through lamination, sowing, seedling, autumnbudding, Second Year dig seedling spring, root cuts point, bud transplantation of seedlings, thick root graft is with field planting, radicula nursery and foster and remarry processes such as connecing, every 100 apocarya seeds, can cultivate 85 ~ 90 strain budlings then; 40 ~ 50 strain cut-grafting seedlings and 40 ~ 50 strain budlings within 2nd year, can be cultivated, the seedling (root seedlings plugging) about 100 strains; Within 3rd year, the budling about 100 strains can be cultivated again.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiment is only exemplary, does not constitute any limitation the present invention.What it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art is when not departing from spirit and scope of the invention, can modify to the details of technical solution of the present invention and form or replace, and these amendments and replacement all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
The apocarya seed that following examples adopt is that the excellent individual plant apocarya bearing tree that grows directly from seeds is gathered, and the apocarya breeding for grafting is Ma Han (Mahan) kind, and grafter is professional.
embodiment one: the emergence rate of apocarya high quality seed and the amount of growth of ground, underground part
1, the Acquire and process of seed
Apocarya fruit (seed) is ripe in 10 annual ~ November, needs full ripe fruit of gathering, and namely general exocarp cracking represents fruit maturation, can gather.The fruit of gathering preferably dries in the shade in shady and cool, ventilation, dry place, also can shine 1 ~ 3 in the sun, but can not be exposed to the sun in concrete floor.Need to be placed on shady and cool dry place after fruit drying to deposit, to then mid or late December ~ early January carries out wet husky hiding (lamination) process, 60 ~ 90 days time to fruit.The seed of drying need be soaked 1 day during husky Tibetan.Seed for testing need carry out grain-by-grain seed selection, rejects damage by disease and insect, fragmentation and less seed (being less than 4 g's).
, sowing ground preparation
Plough deeply frozen soil: namely plough deeply sowing in mid or late December, the degree of depth of ploughing is at 40 more than cm, and late January ploughs 1 time again.
Use sufficient base fertilizer: when ploughing for the 1st time, execute pure fertilizer or high-quality farmyard manure (doing) 2kg/m at sowing ground surface
2with colza cake 1.0 kg/m
2, ploughed by 2 times and mix with soil as far as possible.
Do furrow: early March carries out doing furrow according to wide 1.0 m of furrow, furrow furrow width 35 cm, dark 20 cm wholely, and require that furrow face is smooth, furrow soil loosening is without large clod wholely.
, sowing and seedling foster
Sowing: mid-March is water furrow planting on furrow face, and the time exists, sowing depth 5 ~ 6 cm, line-spacing 30 ~ 35 cm, spacing in the rows 20 ~ 25 cm, i.e. 13 ~ 15/m
2.After planting at the branch that upper berth, furrow face one deck is pulverized, thickness 2 ~ 3cm, then waters sufficient moisture.
Seedling fosters: need precision management to unearthed seedling, timing intertill and clean tillage, meets arid and irrigates in time, fatten in 6 ~ July.With cake fertilizer, each consumption 40 g/m of the system of vomitting
2, fatten 2 times, every minor tick 10 days.
Growth hormone process: late June ~ late July, use 600 mgL
-1gA
3smear plant basic 3 times, every minor tick 15 days.
, spring lifting and root to cut point
2nd year spring (by the end of March at the beginning of 4 months) digs seedling, requires nursery stock underground part root all to dig out, and can not damage.Then underground part root is cut trisect, the 1st section (i.e. epimere) comprises overground part bud seedling, wherein long about 15 cm of root, the 2nd section of long 15 ~ 20 cm of (i.e. stage casing) root, the 3rd section of long about 15 cm of (i.e. hypomere) root.
Apocarya seed, by above measure, obtains higher survival rate, and seedling growth is good, and leading thread is comparatively thick, is beneficial to bud grafting; Main root is long and sturdy, is beneficial to segmentation breeding.Emergence rate and overground part, underground part amount of growth are in table 1.
the amount of growth of table 1 emergence rate and 1 year raw nursery stock
Note: emergence rate is 3 data repeated, and amount of growth is the data of random searching 30,3 root segment rugosity are the measured value in the middle part of root segment.
embodiment two: apocarya graft seedling growth and radicula nursery
1, bud grafting nursery
Mid-August carries out, and nursery stock is tree seedling then, and nursery stock ground stem rugosity is at more than 0.8cm, and undertaken by 3 grafting professionals, adopt path budding, each grafting personnel grafting 150 ~ 160 strain, average graft survival rate reaches 86.09%(in table 2).
, root connects nursery
Tree seedling upper one year digs out by mid-March, is cut by root and is cut into 3 sections, and wherein middle part root the most sturdy (see table 1), utilizes stage casing root to carry out grafting, equally by 3 for professional carries out, employing cut-grafting method, average graft survival rate is that 49.03%(is in table 2).In addition, do not have the stage casing root of grafting survival, all sprout then and have issued new plant, autumn, by bud grafting, has substantially all cultivated budling.
, radicula nursery
The seedling dug out mid-March, cut section hypomere root gone out the most elongated, carrying out nursery by burying root, almost sprouting 1 ~ 2 branch for each, in order to nurturing staff, generally each is stayed a branch, and the branch that other grows is removed.From table 2, emergence rate has exceeded 100%.The nursery stock that radicula is sprouted is thinner and more delicate, then can not bud grafting, and arrive Second Year autumn can bud grafting seedling.
table 2 apocarya graft survival rate and radicula nursery statistical form
Claims (8)
1. the efficient propagation method of apocarya, is characterized in that: preferably apocarya seed, foster through Stratificated treatment, sowing, seedling, autumnbudding, Second Year dig seedling spring, root cuts point, bud transplantation of seedlings, thick root graft and field planting, radicula nursery and foster and remarry processes such as connecing on the 3rd year.
2. according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: select gather then, the seed of completely filled fruit, fruit weighs 4 more than g, without the seed of damage by disease and insect and fragmentation.
3. Stratificated treatment according to claim 1, is characterized in that: late December ~ early January carries out wet Sand culture to seed, and dry seed need soak about 24 h, wet husky: seed=4 ~ 5:1(volume ratio), 2 ~ 3 months husky Tibetan time.
4. autumnbudding according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: sowing then mid-August ~ early September carries out, select the kind be suitable for as required, the branch that clip growth is enriched, axillalry bud is full, carries out path budding by professional grafting personnel at seedling base portion (distance ground about 5cm).
5. Second Year to dig seedling and root spring and to cut point according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: Second Year spring (by the end of March at the beginning of 4 months) digs seedling, requires nursery stock underground part root all to dig out, can not damage; Then underground part root is cut trisect, first paragraph (i.e. epimere) comprises overground part bud seedling, wherein long about 15 cm of root, long 15 ~ 20 cm of second segment (i.e. stage casing) root, the 3rd section of long about 15 cm of (i.e. hypomere) root.
6. thick root graft according to claim 1 and field planting, it is characterized in that: the root thicker with stage casing 15 ~ 20 cm carries out " pick connects ", is undertaken by professional, usually adopt cut-grafting method, carry out field planting according to line-spacing 30 ~ 35 cm, spacing in the rows 20 ~ 25 cm, and meticulously foster after connecting.
7. radicula nursery according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the root that hypomere 15 ~ 20 cm is thinner, carries out burying root nursery, and bury the root degree of depth degree of depth 6 ~ 8 cm, line-spacing 30 ~ 35 cm, spacing in the rows 20 ~ 25 cm, fosters meticulously, carries out bud grafting to autumn next year.
8. according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: insemination and emergence rate about 95%, height of seedling 40 ~ 50 cm then, thick 0.8 ~ 1.2 cm of ground stem, long 45 ~ 55 cm of subterraneous root, upper, middle and lower section root rugosity is respectively 1.0 ~ 1.2 cm, 1.2 ~ 1.6 cm, 0.5 ~ 0.6 cm, autumnbudding survival rate 85 ~ 90%, transplanting survival rate more than 95%, the thick root cut-grafting in stage casing survival rate 40 ~ 50%, do not have the nursery stock of grafting survival to send good branch then after transplanting, autumn can continue bud grafting, hypomere radicula nursery planting percent more than 100%, the 2nd year autumnbudding.
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| CN105028082A (en) * | 2015-06-17 | 2015-11-11 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | Common sassafras seed treating and sowing method |
| CN105165524A (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2015-12-23 | 管天球 | Walnut big seedling culture method |
| CN105325249A (en) * | 2015-11-12 | 2016-02-17 | 安徽大墅龙山园林绿化有限公司 | High-yield planting method of wild peaches |
| CN105393866A (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2016-03-16 | 靳登山 | Planting method for thin-shelled walnut |
| CN107396790A (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2017-11-28 | 朱学亮 | A kind of method for being applicable the Walnut cultivation of dykes and dams hillside fields |
| CN109005983A (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2018-12-18 | 安徽太禾林业开发有限公司 | A kind of apocarya seedling current year shifting alms bowl, the method for current year grafting |
| CN109275471A (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2019-01-29 | 安徽太禾林业开发有限公司 | A method of seedling nursery is sent out using apocarya root |
| CN115486312A (en) * | 2022-10-11 | 2022-12-20 | 马传广 | Two-stage seedling raising method for apocarya grafted seedling nutrition pot |
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| CN105393866A (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2016-03-16 | 靳登山 | Planting method for thin-shelled walnut |
| CN105325249A (en) * | 2015-11-12 | 2016-02-17 | 安徽大墅龙山园林绿化有限公司 | High-yield planting method of wild peaches |
| CN107396790A (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2017-11-28 | 朱学亮 | A kind of method for being applicable the Walnut cultivation of dykes and dams hillside fields |
| CN109005983A (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2018-12-18 | 安徽太禾林业开发有限公司 | A kind of apocarya seedling current year shifting alms bowl, the method for current year grafting |
| CN109275471A (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2019-01-29 | 安徽太禾林业开发有限公司 | A method of seedling nursery is sent out using apocarya root |
| CN115486312A (en) * | 2022-10-11 | 2022-12-20 | 马传广 | Two-stage seedling raising method for apocarya grafted seedling nutrition pot |
| CN115486312B (en) * | 2022-10-11 | 2024-02-09 | 马传广 | Two-stage seedling raising method for apocarya grafted seedlings in nutrition pot |
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