CN104678426A - Tunnel boring machine active source three-dimensional seismic advanced detection device and method - Google Patents
Tunnel boring machine active source three-dimensional seismic advanced detection device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tunnel boring machine active source three-dimensional seismic advanced geology exploration device and method. The device comprises a tunnel boring machine cutterhead and a tunnel boring machine body connected with the cutterhead, wherein a main control room is arranged in the tunnel boring machine body; a controller and a multichannel seismic wave data collecting instrument are arranged in the main control room; seismic source systems are respectively arranged at the front ends of the tunnel boring machine cutterhead and the tunnel boring machine body; a data collecting system is arranged at the rear part of the working surface of the tunnel boring machine body according to certain space observation mode; the controller is respectively connected with the multichannel seismic wave data collecting instrument, the seismic wave systems and the data collecting system; the multichannel seismic wave data collecting instrument is connected with the data collecting system. The device has the benefits that rapid, flexible and automatic arrangement of a seismic wave and a detector system is realized, the maintenance time of the tunnel boring machine is sufficiently utilized, the work efficiency of geological advanced prediction is greatly improved, the normal construction is not disturbed, and time cost and economic cost are saved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the Geological Advanced Prediction field in rock tunnel(ling) machine work progress, particularly relate to active source 3-D seismics advance geology exploration device and method in a kind of rock tunnel(ling) machine.
Background technology
Compared with traditional drill bursting construction, the significant advantages such as rock tunnel(ling) machine construction has " driving speed is fast, cavitation quality is high, overall economic efficiency is high, construction safety civilized ", the developed countries such as Japan, the U.S., Europe adopt the tunnel ratio of tunneler construction more than 80%, and along with the development of China's tunnel construction, rock tunnel(ling) machine also will more and more be applied.Meanwhile, numerous engineering practice shows, the adaptability of rock tunnel(ling) machine to geologic condition is poor, gushing water dash forward the geologic hazard such as mud, landslide and the card machine of bringing out thus even the major accident such as fatal crass bring significant challenge to rock tunnel(ling) machine safe construction.For avoiding geologic hazard in tunneler construction and security incident, the most effective solution adopts Geological Prediction Technology exactly, pre-establishes rational Disposal Measures and construction prediction scheme according to detecting the development machine workplace front adverse geological condition obtained.
At present, impressive progress and good effect is achieved both at home and abroad in the theory and technology of drill bursting construction tunnel geological detection, but the forward probe theory and means of practicability and effectiveness pays close attention to unsolved difficult problem for a long time both at home and abroad in TBM construction tunnel, its basic reason is that TBM construction environment is very complicated.TBM has complicated metal construction and electrician's system, occupy development end rear major part tunnel space, its driving speed is very fast, procedure connection is tight, cause " electromagnetic interference (EMI) is very serious; available observation space is very narrow and small, allows that detection time is tightlier urged ", cause traditional geophysical method to be suitable for well.
Seismic reflection method is relative to other advanced prediction methods, and having forecast distance, the advantage such as convenient and swift, is the important method in Tunnel prediction.At present, TRT (Tunnel Reflection Tomography) in seismic reflection method and TRUST (True Reflection Underground Seismic Technique) can be used in drill+blast tunnel, can be used in again in development machine tunnel, these two kinds of methods adopt three dimensions mode of observation, but (observation space is narrow and small not consider the particular surroundings in development machine tunnel especially, detection time is limited), detection method also indiscriminately imitates the technological means in drill bursting construction substantially, not especially for the method in development machine tunnel, need vibrator and wave detector are installed manually in forecast, inefficiency, development machine normal construction may be affected during detection.The earthquake advanced prediction method that development machine is special in the world mainly contains the patent (" utilizing the device of vibration signal advance geologic prediction and using method in tunnel boring machine method construction ", " a kind of geological advanced prediction method being suitable for tunneler construction " etc.) of SSP (Sonic Softground Probing), ISIS (Integrated Seismic Imaging System) and domestic relevant scholar's application.Mainly there is following problem in these methods:
1. observed pattern is simple, does not adopt effective three dimensions observed pattern, is difficult to the accurate wave field information obtaining surrounding rock body, causes ore body locating in space effect poor, easily occurs failing to report, misrepresents deliberately and the problem such as wrong report.
2. for not affect rock tunnel(ling) machine normal construction, seismic event forward probe needs to utilize the development machine repair time (about 2 hours every days) to detect as far as possible, this just proposes requirement to the efficiency of seismic event forward probe, thus said method lacks a kind of rapid installation device for tunneler construction tunnel and method, when causing detecting, efficiency is lower,, affect the normal construction of development machine.
3. the robotization of seismic data process needs to improve further, and seismic event offset imaging method is to be improved, and three-dimensional imaging, ore body locating in space and detection accuracy thereof have much room for improvement.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is exactly to solve the problem, propose active source 3-D seismics advance geology exploration device and method in a kind of rock tunnel(ling) machine, this device and method can need the wave detector number of work and the position in tunnel by unrestricted choice as required, independent assortment, convenient, flexible, the geological data of different shake inspection distance can be obtained simultaneously, be conducive to obtaining side's velocity distribution accurately in face of son, thus front of tunnel heading anomalous body is accurately located.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
Active source 3-D seismics advance geology exploration device in a kind of rock tunnel(ling) machine, the development machine main body comprising development machine cutterhead and be connected with described cutterhead, be provided with master-control room in described development machine main body, in master-control room, be provided with controller and hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument; Described development machine cutterhead and development machine body front end are respectively equipped with Seismic Source System; Data acquisition system (DAS) is provided with according to certain spatial observation mode at rear, described development machine body of work face; Described controller is connected with hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument, Seismic Source System and data acquisition system (DAS) respectively, and hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument is connected with data acquisition system (DAS);
Seismic Source System and data acquisition system (DAS) are delivered in corresponding tunnel wall by controller respectively; When the pressure that Seismic Source System touches tunnel wall reaches certain value, namely focus contacts with tunnel wall well; Meanwhile, when the pressure that data acquisition system (DAS) touches tunnel wall reaches certain value, the wave detector of data acquisition system (DAS) and tunnel wall automatic coupling.
Described Seismic Source System comprises: workplace focus array and abutment wall focus array;
Described workplace focus array is arranged on development machine cutterhead, and symmetrical along development machine cutter head center; Described abutment wall focus array is positioned at the front end of development machine main body.
Described abutment wall focus array comprises: vibroseis, seismic source pressure sensor, focus hydraulically extensible bar and focus import and export hatch door;
Described abutment wall focus array is positioned on focus running gear, and focus running gear comprises circular slip ring focus guide rail and the track along tunnel axis; Have sawtooth above described circular slip ring focus track, focus is free to slide thereon, simultaneously can 360 ° rotate freely;
Described focus is imported and exported hatch door and is positioned on development machine cutterhead, described vibroseis and seismic source pressure sensor are arranged on the top of focus hydraulically extensible bar, vibroseis is connected with hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument by loop trigger, and seismic source pressure sensor is connected with controller respectively with focus hydraulically extensible bar.
Described focus hydraulically extensible bar adopts hollow design, and described focus imports and exports hatch door under the control of the controller according to the draw-in groove motion preset, can realize the opening and closing that focus is imported and exported.
Described data acquisition system (DAS) comprises: hatch door imported and exported by the three-component seismometer of automatic coupling, wave detector running gear, wave detector pressure transducer, wireless data transmitter, wave detector hydraulically extensible bar and wave detector;
Described wave detector is imported and exported hatch door and is positioned on development machine, and wave detector pressure transducer is arranged in the three-component seismometer of automatic coupling, and the three-component seismometer of automatic coupling is connected on wave detector running gear by wave detector hydraulically extensible bar; The three-component seismometer of automatic coupling is placed on three xsects in the certain limit of development machine workplace rear with space manner by wave detector running gear;
The three-component seismometer of described automatic coupling is connected with wireless data transmitter, wireless data transmitter and the communication of hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument, wave detector pressure transducer is connected with controller respectively with wave detector hydraulically extensible bar, wave detector imports and exports hatch door under the control of the controller according to the draw-in groove motion preset, and realizes the opening and closing that wave detector is imported and exported.
The three-component seismometer of described automatic coupling is designed to the circular arc similar with tunnel wall shape, in addition side and is connected piston and pressure transducer near tunnel wall side, after piston, couplant is housed, in the middle of three-component seismometer and piston, is reserved with couplant passage; When wave detector and tunnel wall contact acquire a certain degree, the couplant after piston can flow out from couplant passage under the effect of the pressure automatically, and three-component seismometer is coupled better with tunnel wall.
In rock tunnel(ling) machine, a method of work for active source 3-D seismics advance geology exploration device, comprises the steps:
Step 1: after development machine quits work, controller controls wave detector hydraulically extensible bar and is sent in the tunnel wall direction of the three-component seismometer of automatic coupling towards correspondence, when contact between the three-component seismometer and tunnel wall of described automatic coupling reaches certain value, stop the motion of wave detector hydraulically extensible bar, complete being coupled of wave detector and tunnel wall simultaneously;
Step 2: controller controls focus hydraulically extensible bar and outwards sent by vibroseis, when the contact between described vibroseis and development machine workplace or tunnel wall reaches certain value, stops the motion of focus hydraulically extensible bar;
Step 3: hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument controls vibroseis vibrations, and excite and produce broad-band teleseismic ripple, meanwhile, hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument sends acquisition instructions to multiple wireless data transmitter simultaneously;
Step 4: the seismic event produced in described step 3 reflects after running into wave impedance interface, is gathered, and send to hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument via respective wireless data transmitter by the three-component seismometer that the three-dimensional total space is arranged;
Step 5: hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument processes the seismic event information collected, and obtains the geological condition in development machine workplace front;
Step 6: according to the geological condition in the development machine workplace front obtained in step 5, thrust size when excavating in conjunction with development machine, driving speed running parameter, obtain the geological condition of development machine workplace front rock mass and corresponding mechanics parameter thereof, realize the advanced prediction of geological anomalous body.
In described step 5, the method that the seismic event information collected processes is comprised:
1) road collection editor: realize intercepting bad track excision and valid data length (according to forecast length);
2) spherical wave diffusion real amplitude compensates: compensate seismic event wavefront spherical geometry and spread the lost amplitude caused, make it keep relative real amplitude;
3) spectrum analysis and bandpass filtering: adopt Fourier transform that seismic signal is transformed to frequency field from time domain, the difference on frequency spectrum reaches the effect of filtering according to significant wave and interference wave;
4) first break picking: adopt ratioing technigue automatically to determine ripple first arrival in length and breadth time of arrival;
5) static correction examined by big gun: by each wave detector and source correction on same reference surface, and eliminates the advanced or lag-effect of each recording channel seismic event caused due to different focus;
6) road collection is balanced: balanced and trace equalization in specifically comprising;
In described road, equilibrium is ripple that compression each road middle-shallow layer energy is stronger, increases the more weak ripple of deep energy, makes shallow-layer and deep seismic wave amplitude control in certain dynamic range; Described trace equalization is to eliminate different focal point excitation energy difference, echo amplitude is not stimulated the impact of condition, and just reflects tectonic structure situation;
7) effective reflection is extracted: the inefficient reflections ripple adopting inverse Q filtering and dip filtering compacting interference wave and development machine workplace rear, only retains the effective reflection come from development machine workplace front and side and also automatically extracts;
8) inverse Q filtering: compensate the energy because stratum inelastic body causes and frequency decay, the stretching effect of syndrome wave phase;
9) in length and breadth wavelength-division from: the P ripple, SH ripple and the SV ripple that receive in three-component seismometer three components are separated, are convenient to the migration imaging and the geologic interpretation that carry out next step;
10) velocity analysis: by iterating to T-X curve on the basis of primary wave velocity of wave, set up the p-and s-wave velocity model of development machine workplace front rock mass respectively;
11) depth shift: on the basis of velocity analysis; adopt the Kirchhoff prestack depth migration of Kirchoff integral method, reflectance spectrum imaging and Fresnel volume to offset the hybrid three-dimensional depth migration method combined and migration imaging process is carried out to the seismic data collected, enable more clear spatial shape and the actual position showing wave impedance interface exactly of seismic section obtained.
Described step 11) concrete grammar be:
Adopting reflectance spectrum formation method to be divided into multiple narrower frequency range by observing the seismic signal frequency obtained, then carrying out Kirchhoff prestack depth migration respectively for each narrow frequency range;
On this basis, Fresnel volume offset method is adopted first to carry out slowness and polarographic analysis to obtain the emergence angle of reflecting surface to the data after migration imaging process, with this, smearing of energy is limited in the intersection of isochronous surface and the first Fresnel-zone, thus the sharpness of reflecting surface can be improved further, and eliminate the illusion in result.
The concrete grammar that described employing Kirchoff integral method carries out Kirchhoff prestack depth migration is:
Wherein, ∑ is the line of observation (face);
X
s, x, x
gfor the locus of focal point, imaging point and acceptance point;
τ
s, τ
gfor focus is to imaging point and imaging point to the whilst on tour of acceptance point;
A is the geometrical attenuation factor (the amplitude weight factor);
N is the outer normal direction of inspection surface;
U is the wave field of record;
R is reflection coefficient (imaging wave field).
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) the present invention is directed to the problem that straight line class observed pattern method obtains the accurate distribution of front of tunnel heading country rock velocity of wave, the basis considering the existing internal measurements of rock tunnel(ling) machine and Effect on Detecting proposes a kind of three dimensions observed pattern, hypocenter distributing is on face and abutment wall, wave detector is positioned on the differing heights of three sections, the wave detector number of work and the position in tunnel can be needed by unrestricted choice as required in real work, independent assortment, convenient, flexible, simultaneously circular guideway can guide rail slide anteroposterior vertically, freely arranges.The geological data of different shake inspection distance can be obtained simultaneously, be conducive to obtaining side's velocity distribution accurately in face of son, thus front of tunnel heading anomalous body is accurately located.
(2) the present invention is directed to the actual conditions of rock tunnel(ling) machine inside, adopt a kind of running gear comprising circular guideway and axial guidance, the fast and flexible realizing focus and detector system is arranged automatically, take full advantage of the development machine repair time, drastically increase the work efficiency of Geological Advanced Prediction, do not disturb normal construction, save time cost and financial cost.
(3) the present invention proposes a kind of hybrid three-dimensional depth migration method, on the basis being applicable to irregular recording geometry Kirchhoff prestack depth migration, introduce reflectance spectrum imaging and Fresnel volume offset method further: Kirchhoff prestack depth migration solution complex structure, the problem that lateral speed change is violent; The resolution of reflectance spectrum formation method to the scattering effect in low frequency signals suppression band in nonhomogeneous media and raising high band is very effective; Fresnel volume offset method can improve the sharpness of reflecting surface further, and eliminates the illusion in result.
(4) the present invention proposes a kind of three-component seismometer system of automatic coupling.Wave detector is designed to circular arc near the side in tunnel, facilitates wave detector to be coupled with tunnel wall.Preformed hole in the middle of three-component seismometer simultaneously, when wave detector touch tunnel wall pressure reach certain value time, controller can obtain feedback and stop hydraulic work system, couplant (butter or vaseline) is extruded from the middle reserved passageway of wave detector under the effect of the pressure simultaneously, and wave detector is coupled well with tunnel wall.Drastically increase layout efficiency.
(5) the present invention proposes a kind of seismic data processing technique automatically, adopt ratioing technigue automatic Picking direct wave first break time, automatically reflection event and reflection horizon information is extracted by inverse Q filtering and dip filtering, realize the robotization of seismic data process, save time, improve the work efficiency of forecast.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is active source 3-D seismics advance geology exploration device overall schematic;
Fig. 2 is active source 3-D seismics advance geology exploration device abutment wall focus array schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is active source 3-D seismics advance geology exploration device data acquisition system (DAS) structural representation;
Fig. 4 is active source 3-D seismics advance geology exploration device three dimensions observed pattern cutterhead focus arrangenent diagram;
Fig. 5 is active source 3-D seismics advance geology exploration device detector structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 is active source 3-D seismics advance geology exploration apparatus structure schematic diagram;
A kind of three dimensions observed pattern schematic diagram that Fig. 7 (a) recommends for active source 3-D seismics advance geology exploration device;
Fig. 7 (b) arranges schematic diagram for active source 3-D seismics advance geology exploration device focus and wave detector;
Fig. 8 is active source 3-D seismics advance geology exploration device focus structural representation.
Wherein, 1. Seismic Source System, 2. workplace focus array, 3. abutment wall focus array, 4. data acquisition system (DAS), 5. pseudo-random code vibroseis, 6. seismic source pressure sensor, 7. focus hydraulically extensible bar, 8. focus guide rail, 9. three-component seismometer, 10. wireless data transmitter, 11. wave detector hydraulically extensible bars, 12. wave detector pressure transducers, 13. wave detector guide rails, 14. workplace vibroseiss, 16. springs, 17. preformed holes, 18. pistons, 19. couplants, 20. focus shells, 21. shock exciting rods, 22. backing plates, 23. pressure transducers, 24. circuit controllers, 25. coils.
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the present invention will be further described:
Active source 3-D seismics advance geology exploration device in a kind of rock tunnel(ling) machine construction, as shown in Figure 1, is provided with master-control room, is provided with controller and hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument in master-control room in development machine main body; Development machine cutterhead and development machine body front end are provided with Seismic Source System 1; Data acquisition system (DAS) 4 is provided with according to certain spatial observation mode within the scope of development machine workplace rear 25 ~ 35m.Controller controls the work of hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument, Seismic Source System, data acquisition system (DAS) etc.During work, controller controls Seismic Source System 1 and impulses, control data acquisition system 4 preparation for acquiring data, hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument prepare to receive data simultaneously, and after impulsing, the data of collection are transferred to hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument by data acquisition system (DAS) 4.The geological data collected, adopt automatic seismic data processing technique, the hybrid three-dimensional depth migration method utilizing the pre-stack depth migration of Kirchoff integral method, reflectance spectrum imaging and Fresnel volume to offset to combine carries out migration imaging process to the data gathered, and obtains 3-D seismics imaging results.
Seismic Source System 1 comprises pseudo-random code vibroseis 5, focus running gear, seismic source pressure sensor 6, loop trigger, focus hydraulically extensible bar 7 and focus and imports and exports hatch door, and is divided into workplace focus array 2 and abutment wall focus array 3 according to position difference.Focus is imported and exported hatch door and is positioned on development machine cutterhead.
Workplace focus array 2 is placed on development machine cutterhead, on cutterhead, reserved 4 vibroseis 14 array explosive source devices are imported and exported, and as shown in Figure 4,4 epicenter excitations and transmission arrangements are in cutter head, symmetrical about cutter head center, the distance about 2 ~ 3m of distance cutter head center.
Abutment wall focus array 3 is positioned on focus running gear, as shown in Figure 2, focus running gear utilizes existing development machine inner space, design a circular slip ring guide rail and a track along tunnel axis, have sawtooth above concentric stroking loop orbit, focus can be free to slide thereon, simultaneously can 360 ° rotate freely, focus has two, two focus alternations, saves the working time.Described abutment wall focus array 3 excites 8 times at abutment wall, at development machine main body shield rear, (distance face is about 5m) each side has 4, and be distributed on two xsects, first xsect is apart from development machine workplace distance about 5m, and the second cross-sectional distance development machine workplace is apart from about 7m.
Pseudorandomcode vibroseis 5 and seismic source pressure sensor 6 are arranged on focus hydraulically extensible bar 7 top, pseudorandomcode vibroseis 5 one aspect is directly connected with hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument, link circuit trigger on the other hand, the loop trigger other end is connected with hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument, seismic source pressure sensor 6 is connected with controller respectively with focus hydraulically extensible bar 7, wherein, focus hydraulically extensible bar 7 adopts hollow design mode, and above-mentioned connection wire can from central extraction.Focus imports and exports hatch door under the control of the controller according to the draw-in groove motion preset, can realize the opening and closing that focus is imported and exported.
Data acquisition system (DAS) 4 as shown in Figure 3, comprise the three-component seismometer 9 of automatic coupling, wave detector running gear, wave detector pressure transducer 12, wireless data transmitter 10, wave detector hydraulically extensible bar 11 and wave detector and import and export hatch door, wave detector to be placed in by wave detector running gear with space manner on three xsects within the scope of development machine workplace rear 25 ~ 35m: the first cross-sectional distance development machine workplace is about 25m, arranges 5 wave detectors; Second cross-sectional distance development machine workplace is about 30m, arranges 5 wave detectors; 3rd cross-sectional distance development machine workplace is about 35m, arranges 5 wave detectors.
Three-component seismometer 9 structure of automatic coupling as shown in Figure 5, adopts the automatic coupling realizing three-component seismometer 9 and tunnel wall in two ways: be 1. designed to the circular arc similar to tunnel wall shape near tunnel wall side, be conducive to being coupled with the contact in tunnel; 2. side connects piston 18 and wave detector pressure transducer 12 in addition, and couplant 19 is housed after piston 18.Couplant 19 passage has been reserved with in the middle of three-component seismometer 9, piston 18.When wave detector 9 acquires a certain degree with tunnel wall contact, the couplant 19 after piston 18 can flow out from couplant passage under the effect of the pressure automatically, and three-component seismometer 9 is coupled better with tunnel wall.Designed by above-mentioned two thus realize the automatic coupling of three-component seismometer 9 and tunnel wall.
As shown in Figure 6, the three-component seismometer 9 of automatic coupling is connected with wireless data transmitter 10 by wire, wireless data transmitter 10 is connected by wireless telecommunications form with hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument, wave detector pressure transducer 12 is connected with controller respectively with wave detector hydraulically extensible bar 11, wherein, wave detector hydraulically extensible bar 11 adopts hollow design mode, and above-mentioned connection wire can from central extraction.Hatch door imported and exported by wave detector under the control of the controller according to the draw-in groove motion preset, can realize the opening and closing that wave detector is imported and exported.
Controller can control the motion of focus hydraulically extensible bar 7, wave detector hydraulically extensible bar 11, wave detector import and export hatch door and focus running gear, wave detector running gear, and can accept the feedback regulation of seismic source pressure sensor 6 and wave detector pressure transducer 12.
Hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument is connected with wireless data transmitter 10 by wireless telecommunications form, the hyperchannel Real-time Collection of seismic event information can be realized, store and process, simultaneously, hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument can also control the vibrations of pseudo-random code vibroseis 5, and receives the feedback information of pseudo-random code vibroseis 5 by loop trigger.
The problem of the accurate distribution of front of tunnel heading country rock velocity of wave cannot be obtained for straight line class observed pattern, the basis considering the existing internal measurements of rock tunnel(ling) machine and Effect on Detecting proposes a kind of three dimensions observed pattern, and Fig. 7 (a) and Fig. 7 (b) is a kind of active source 3-D seismics advance geology exploration device three dimensions observed pattern schematic diagram of recommending of the present invention and focus and detector position schematic diagram respectively.S represents focus position, and R represents wave detector position.
Three dimensions observed pattern comprises focus layout and arranges with wave detector.Focus comprises workplace focus array 2 and abutment wall focus array 3.Workplace focus array 2 is placed on development machine cutterhead, has 4, symmetrical about cutter head center, the distance about 2 ~ 3m of distance cutter head center; Abutment wall focus array 3 is positioned on the circular guideway of focus running gear, impulse position in development machine main body shield rear (distance face is about 5m) left and right sides symmetric position, every side has 4, be distributed on two tunnel cross sectional, first xsect is apart from development machine workplace distance about 5m, and the second cross-sectional distance development machine workplace is apart from about 7m.Wave detector to be placed on three xsects within the scope of development machine workplace rear 25 ~ 35m by running gear in spatial observation mode: the first cross-sectional distance development machine workplace 25m, arranges 5 wave detectors; Second cross-sectional distance development machine workplace 30m, arranges 5 wave detectors; 3rd cross-sectional distance development machine workplace 35m, arranges 5 wave detectors.Each xsect all arranges 5 wave detectors, can be free to slide, and generally lays respectively at vault (1), haunch (2), arch springing (2), forms the layout in space, can obtain the geological data of different detection distance.The wave detector of work (a kind of spatial observation mode utilizing 10 wave detectors preferably as recommended in specific embodiment) can be needed by unrestricted choice as required in real work, independent assortment, convenient, flexible, simultaneously circular guideway can guide rail slide anteroposterior vertically, freely arranges.By above-mentioned layout, complete the three-dimensional spatial arrangement of active source 3-D seismics advance geology exploration method and device in rock tunnel(ling) machine work progress.Can need the wave detector number of work and the position in tunnel, independent assortment by unrestricted choice as required in real work, convenient, flexible, simultaneously circular guideway can guide rail slide anteroposterior vertically, freely arranges.The geological data of different shake inspection distance can be obtained simultaneously, be conducive to obtaining side's velocity distribution accurately in face of son, thus front of tunnel heading anomalous body is accurately located.
Active source 3-D seismics advance geology exploration device focus structure is as Fig. 8, and primarily of focus shell 20, shock exciting rod 21, backing plate 22, pressure transducer 23, circuit controller 24, coil 25 forms.The break-make of circuit controller 24 control coil 25 electric current during work, thus shock exciting rod 21 is seesawed, beat backing plate 22, complete and once impulse.
For not affecting rock tunnel(ling) machine normal construction, the present invention utilizes two hours repair times of its every day to detect, therefore a kind of quick supporting installation device for tunneler construction tunnel and method are proposed, for the actual conditions of rock tunnel(ling) machine inside, design a kind of running gear, comprise circular guideway and the guide rail along tunnel axis, abutment wall focus array and data acquisition system (DAS) are installed on circular guideway.During work, after first controller controls the circular guideway of focus (or wave detector) guide rail slides into particular location vertically, focus (or wave detector) slides into assigned address along circular guideway, then hydraulic actuator work, focus is delivered in corresponding tunnel wall, focus is equipped with pressure transducer near tunnel wall side, when focus touch tunnel wall pressure reach certain value time, hyperchannel main frame can obtain feedback and stop hydraulic work system, and namely focus contacts with tunnel wall well; The hydraulic actuator of wave detector also works simultaneously, is delivered to by three-component seismometer in corresponding tunnel wall.Wave detector is equipped with pressure transducer near tunnel wall side, when wave detector touch tunnel wall pressure reach certain value time, controller obtains feedback and stops hydraulic work system, couplant (butter or vaseline) is extruded from the middle reserved passageway of wave detector under the effect of the pressure simultaneously, realizes wave detector and tunnel wall automatic coupling.In rock tunnel(ling) machine work progress, the three dimensions of active source 3-D seismics advance geology exploration method and device has been arranged fast.The fast and flexible achieving focus and detector system is arranged automatically, takes full advantage of the development machine repair time, drastically increases the work efficiency of Geological Advanced Prediction, does not disturb normal construction, has saved time cost and financial cost.
The present invention also proposes a kind of to adopt automatic seismic data processing technique, and the data of hybrid three-dimensional depth migration method to collection utilizing the pre-stack depth migration of Kirchoff integral method, reflectance spectrum imaging and Fresnel volume offsets to combine carry out migration imaging process.
Pre-stack depth migration is better for complex structure, regional imaging effect that lateral speed change is violent relative to post-stack migration and pre-stack time migration, and Kirchoff integral method is specially adapted to the geological data that in tunnel, various irregular recording geometry gathers.The imaging formula of its common-shot-gather is expressed as:
Wherein, ∑ is the line of observation (face);
X
s, x, x
gfor the locus of focal point, imaging point and acceptance point;
τ
s, τ
gfor focus is to imaging point and imaging point to the whilst on tour of acceptance point;
A is the geometrical attenuation factor (the amplitude weight factor);
N is the outer normal direction of inspection surface;
U is the wave field of record;
R is reflection coefficient (imaging wave field).
By above formula, the pre-stack depth migration of Kirchoff integral method mainly divides two main process: one is calculate whilst on tour τ=τ according to velocity field v (x)
s+ τ
g; Two is be weighted summation to the amplitude in the τ moment on each seismic trace.
Because the 3D imaging results of the pre-stack depth migration of Kirchoff integral method rotates generation by 2D imaging results around tunnel axle, its seismic section is rotational symmetry image, there is illusion in result.Therefore, this patent is on the basis of Kirchhoff prestack depth migration, the imaging of further introducing reflectance spectrum and Fresnel volume offset method: reflectance spectrum formation method is divided into multiple narrower frequency range by observing the seismic signal frequency obtained, then Kirchhoff prestack depth migration is carried out respectively for each narrow frequency range, the method is very effective to nonhomogeneous media, can scattering effect in low frequency signals suppression band, and improve the resolution of high band; First Fresnel volume offset method carries out slowness and polarographic analysis to obtain the emergence angle of reflecting surface to data, with this, smearing of energy is limited in the intersection of isochronous surface and the first Fresnel-zone, thus the sharpness of reflecting surface can be improved further, and eliminate the illusion in result.
The present invention also provides a kind of and applies active source 3-D seismics advance geology exploration method in the rock tunnel(ling) machine work progress of said apparatus system, mainly comprises the following steps:
Step 1, after development machine quits work, open controller, control the work of acquisition system fast-supporting device, specific works mode is: control wave detector import and export hatch door and open, the tunnel wall direction of the three-component seismometer of automatic coupling towards correspondence is slowly sent by wave detector hydraulically extensible bar, when contact between three-component seismometer and tunnel wall reaches certain value, wave detector pressure transducer carries out feedback regulation to controller, stop the motion of wave detector hydraulically extensible bar, under pressure effect, couplant flows out simultaneously, wave detector has been coupled with tunnel wall, the three-dimensional total space achieving three-component seismometer like this within the scope of development machine workplace rear 25 ~ 35m is arranged fast.
Step 2, controller controls to impulse and the work of acquisition system fast-supporting device, specific works mode is: first control focus hydraulically extensible bar and outwards slowly sent by pseudo-random code vibroseis, when contact between pseudo-random code focus and development machine workplace or tunnel wall reaches certain value, seismic source pressure sensor carries out feedback regulation to controller, stops the motion of focus hydraulically extensible bar.
Step 3, open hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument, select suitable pseudo-random code signal as required, control pseudo-random code vibroseis successively and start vibrations, excite and produce broad-band teleseismic ripple, meanwhile, loop trigger triggers hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument and sends acquisition instructions to multiple wireless data transmitter simultaneously.
Step 4, the seismic event produced in step 3 reflects after running into wave impedance interface, gathered by the three-component seismometer that the total space three-dimensional within the scope of development machine workplace rear 25 ~ 35m is arranged, and send to hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument via respective wireless data transmitter.
Repeat step 3,4, until 12 pseudo-random code vibroseiss all work one time, accordingly, each three-component seismometer collects 12 seismic event vibration signals, and these signal all classifications are stored in hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument.
Step 5, operatively seismic wave data collecting instrument processes automatically to the seismic event information collected, and obtains the geological condition in development machine workplace front.
Seismic event information automatic processing method mainly comprises:
1) road collection editor: realize intercepting bad track excision and valid data length (according to forecast length), design emphasis is after this given prominence to, improves treatment effeciency.
2) spherical wave diffusion real amplitude compensates: compensate seismic event wavefront spherical geometry and spread the lost amplitude caused, make it keep relative real amplitude.
3) spectrum analysis and bandpass filtering, adopt Fourier transform that seismic signal is transformed to frequency field from time domain, according to significant wave and interference wave, the difference on frequency spectrum reaches the effect of filtering, improves the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of seismologic record.
4) first break picking, adopts ratioing technigue automatically to determine ripple first arrival in length and breadth time of arrival, for follow-up data work for the treatment of provides necessary and parameter reliably.
5) static correction examined by big gun, by each wave detector and source correction on same reference surface, and eliminates the advanced or lag-effect of each recording channel seismic event caused due to different focus.
6) road collection is balanced, balanced and trace equalization in specifically comprising.In road, equilibrium is ripple that compression each road middle-shallow layer energy is stronger, increases the more weak ripple of deep energy, makes shallow-layer and deep seismic wave amplitude control in certain dynamic range; Trace equalization, mainly in order to eliminate different focal point excitation energy difference, making echo amplitude not to be stimulated the impact of condition, and just reflecting tectonic structure situation.
7) effective reflection is extracted, adopt the inefficient reflections ripple at the interference wave such as inverse Q filtering and dip filtering compacting sound wave, ground roll, direct wave and development machine workplace rear, the inefficient reflections ripple at the interference waves such as compacting sound wave, ground roll, direct wave and development machine workplace rear, only retains the effective reflection come from development machine workplace front and side and also automatically extracts.
8) inverse Q filtering, compensates the energy because stratum inelastic body causes and frequency decay, the stretching effect of syndrome wave phase, reaches and improves weak reflected energy, improve lineups continuity, and improves the object of seismic data resolution.
9) in length and breadth wavelength-division from, the P ripple, SH ripple and the SV ripple that receive in three-component seismometer three components are separated, are convenient to the migration imaging and the geologic interpretation that carry out next step.
10) velocity analysis, by iterating to T-X curve on the basis of primary wave velocity of wave, sets up the p-and s-wave velocity model of development machine workplace front rock mass respectively.
11) depth shift, on the basis of velocity analysis, adopt the pre-stack depth migration of Kirchoff integral method, reflectance spectrum imaging and Fresnel volume to offset the hybrid three-dimensional depth migration method combined and respectively migration is carried out to vertical shear wave earthquake record, enable more clear spatial shape and the actual position showing wave impedance interface exactly of seismic section obtained.
Step 6, the p-and s-wave velocity model that combining step 5 obtains and depth shift seismic section, and the running parameter such as thrust size, driving speed when excavating in conjunction with development machine, obtain the geological condition of development machine workplace front rock mass and corresponding mechanics parameter thereof, realize the advanced prediction of geological anomalous body.
By reference to the accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention is described although above-mentioned; but not limiting the scope of the invention; one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that; on the basis of technical scheme of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay various amendment or distortion that creative work can make still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. active source 3-D seismics advance geology exploration device in a rock tunnel(ling) machine, the development machine main body comprising development machine cutterhead and be connected with described cutterhead, it is characterized in that, in described development machine main body, be provided with master-control room, in master-control room, be provided with controller and hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument; Described development machine cutterhead and development machine body front end are respectively equipped with Seismic Source System; Data acquisition system (DAS) is provided with according to certain spatial observation mode at rear, described development machine body of work face; Described controller is connected with hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument, Seismic Source System and data acquisition system (DAS) respectively, and hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument is connected with data acquisition system (DAS);
Seismic Source System and data acquisition system (DAS) are delivered in corresponding tunnel wall by controller respectively; When the pressure that Seismic Source System touches tunnel wall reaches certain value, namely focus contacts with tunnel wall well; Meanwhile, when the pressure that data acquisition system (DAS) touches tunnel wall reaches certain value, the wave detector of data acquisition system (DAS) and tunnel wall automatic coupling.
2. active source 3-D seismics advance geology exploration device in a kind of rock tunnel(ling) machine as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described Seismic Source System comprises: workplace focus array and abutment wall focus array;
Described workplace focus array is arranged on development machine cutterhead, and symmetrical along development machine cutter head center; Described abutment wall focus array is positioned at the front end of development machine main body.
3. active source 3-D seismics advance geology exploration device in a kind of rock tunnel(ling) machine as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described abutment wall focus array comprises: vibroseis, seismic source pressure sensor, focus hydraulically extensible bar and focus import and export hatch door;
Described abutment wall focus array is positioned on focus running gear, and focus running gear comprises circular slip ring focus guide rail and the track along tunnel axis; Have sawtooth above described circular slip ring focus track, focus is free to slide thereon, simultaneously can 360 ° rotate freely;
Described focus is imported and exported hatch door and is positioned on development machine cutterhead, described vibroseis and seismic source pressure sensor are arranged on the top of focus hydraulically extensible bar, vibroseis is connected with hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument by loop trigger, and seismic source pressure sensor is connected with controller respectively with focus hydraulically extensible bar.
4. active source 3-D seismics advance geology exploration device in a kind of rock tunnel(ling) machine as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, described focus hydraulically extensible bar adopts hollow design, described focus imports and exports hatch door under the control of the controller according to the draw-in groove motion preset, can realize the opening and closing that focus is imported and exported.
5. active source 3-D seismics advance geology exploration device in a kind of rock tunnel(ling) machine as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described data acquisition system (DAS) comprises: hatch door imported and exported by the three-component seismometer of automatic coupling, wave detector running gear, wave detector pressure transducer, wireless data transmitter, wave detector hydraulically extensible bar and wave detector;
Described wave detector is imported and exported hatch door and is positioned on development machine, and wave detector pressure transducer is arranged in the three-component seismometer of automatic coupling, and the three-component seismometer of automatic coupling is connected on wave detector running gear by wave detector hydraulically extensible bar; The three-component seismometer of automatic coupling is placed on three xsects in the certain limit of development machine workplace rear with space manner by wave detector running gear;
The three-component seismometer of described automatic coupling is connected with wireless data transmitter, wireless data transmitter and the communication of hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument, wave detector pressure transducer is connected with controller respectively with wave detector hydraulically extensible bar, wave detector imports and exports hatch door under the control of the controller according to the draw-in groove motion preset, and realizes the opening and closing that wave detector is imported and exported.
6. active source 3-D seismics advance geology exploration device in a kind of rock tunnel(ling) machine as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, the three-component seismometer of described automatic coupling is designed to the circular arc similar with tunnel wall shape, in addition side and is connected piston and pressure transducer near tunnel wall side, after piston, couplant is housed, in the middle of three-component seismometer and piston, is reserved with couplant passage; When wave detector and tunnel wall contact acquire a certain degree, the couplant after piston flows out automatically from couplant passage under the effect of the pressure, and three-component seismometer is coupled with tunnel wall.
7. the method for work of active source 3-D seismics advance geology exploration device in rock tunnel(ling) machine as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
Step 1: after development machine quits work, controller controls wave detector hydraulically extensible bar and is sent in the tunnel wall direction of the three-component seismometer of automatic coupling towards correspondence, when contact between the three-component seismometer and tunnel wall of described automatic coupling reaches certain value, stop the motion of wave detector hydraulically extensible bar, complete being coupled of wave detector and tunnel wall simultaneously;
Step 2: controller controls focus hydraulically extensible bar and outwards sent by vibroseis, when the contact between described vibroseis and development machine workplace or tunnel wall reaches certain value, stops the motion of focus hydraulically extensible bar;
Step 3: hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument controls vibroseis vibrations, and excite and produce broad-band teleseismic ripple, meanwhile, hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument sends acquisition instructions to multiple wireless data transmitter simultaneously;
Step 4: the seismic event produced in described step 3 reflects after running into wave impedance interface, is gathered, and send to hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument via respective wireless data transmitter by the three-component seismometer that the three-dimensional total space is arranged;
Step 5: hyperchannel seismic data Acquisition Instrument processes the seismic event information collected, and obtains the geological condition in development machine workplace front;
Step 6: according to the geological condition in the development machine workplace front obtained in step 5, thrust size when excavating in conjunction with development machine, driving speed running parameter, obtain the geological condition of development machine workplace front rock mass and corresponding mechanics parameter thereof, realize the advanced prediction of geological anomalous body.
8. the method for work of active source 3-D seismics advance geology exploration device in a kind of rock tunnel(ling) machine as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, comprise in described step 5 to the method that the seismic event information collected processes:
1) road collection editor: realize intercepting bad track excision and valid data length;
2) spherical wave diffusion real amplitude compensates: compensate seismic event wavefront spherical geometry and spread the lost amplitude caused, make it keep relative real amplitude;
3) spectrum analysis and bandpass filtering: adopt Fourier transform that seismic signal is transformed to frequency field from time domain, the difference on frequency spectrum reaches the effect of filtering according to significant wave and interference wave;
4) first break picking: adopt ratioing technigue automatically to determine ripple first arrival in length and breadth time of arrival;
5) static correction examined by big gun: by each wave detector and source correction on same reference surface, and eliminates the advanced or lag-effect of each recording channel seismic event caused due to different focus;
6) road collection is balanced: balanced and trace equalization in specifically comprising;
In described road, equilibrium is ripple that compression each road middle-shallow layer energy is stronger, increases the more weak ripple of deep energy, makes shallow-layer and deep seismic wave amplitude control in certain dynamic range; Described trace equalization is to eliminate different focal point excitation energy difference, echo amplitude is not stimulated the impact of condition, and just reflects tectonic structure situation;
7) effective reflection is extracted: the inefficient reflections ripple adopting inverse Q filtering and dip filtering compacting interference wave and development machine workplace rear, only retains the effective reflection come from development machine workplace front and side and also automatically extracts;
8) inverse Q filtering: compensate the energy because stratum inelastic body causes and frequency decay, the stretching effect of syndrome wave phase;
9) in length and breadth wavelength-division from: the P ripple, SH ripple and the SV ripple that receive in three-component seismometer three components are separated, are convenient to the migration imaging and the geologic interpretation that carry out next step;
10) velocity analysis: by iterating to T-X curve on the basis of primary wave velocity of wave, set up the p-and s-wave velocity model of development machine workplace front rock mass respectively;
11) depth shift: on the basis of velocity analysis; adopt the Kirchhoff prestack depth migration of Kirchoff integral method, reflectance spectrum imaging and Fresnel volume to offset the hybrid three-dimensional depth migration method combined and migration imaging process is carried out to the seismic data collected, enable more clear spatial shape and the actual position showing wave impedance interface exactly of seismic section obtained.
9. the method for work of active source 3-D seismics advance geology exploration device in a kind of rock tunnel(ling) machine as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that, described step 11) concrete grammar be:
Adopting reflectance spectrum formation method to be divided into multiple narrower frequency range by observing the seismic signal frequency obtained, then carrying out Kirchhoff prestack depth migration respectively for each narrow frequency range;
On this basis, Fresnel volume offset method is adopted first to carry out slowness and polarographic analysis to obtain the emergence angle of reflecting surface to the data after migration imaging process, with this, smearing of energy is limited in the intersection of isochronous surface and the first Fresnel-zone, thus the sharpness of reflecting surface can be improved further, and eliminate the illusion in result.
10. the method for work of active source 3-D seismics advance geology exploration device in a kind of rock tunnel(ling) machine as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that, the concrete grammar that described employing Kirchoff integral method carries out Kirchhoff prestack depth migration is:
Wherein, Σ is the line of observation or face;
X
s, x, x
gfor the locus of focal point, imaging point and acceptance point;
τ
s, τ
gfor focus is to imaging point and imaging point to the whilst on tour of acceptance point;
A is the geometrical attenuation factor;
N is the outer normal direction of inspection surface;
U is the wave field of record;
R is reflection coefficient.
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