CN105301645A - Advanced geological forecasting method of shield construction - Google Patents
Advanced geological forecasting method of shield construction Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of advanced geological forecasting of shield tunneling construction and discloses an advanced geological forecasting method in shield tunneling construction processes and a system. The method comprises steps of acquiring reflecting waves and penetrated waves formed when earthquake waves generated by mechanical vibration of a shield tunneling machine during the construction process meet a reflecting interface in the preset position and preset direction so as to form an earthquake data file; using vibration signal data in the moving state of the shield tunneling machine; and carrying out data integration processing and analyzing, thereby forming, outputting and displaying images of front geological conditions of construction of the shield tunneling mechanism. The system can continuously acquire data in real time. There is no need to install devices on a knife disc of the shield tunneling machine. Compared with the prior art, limitation on installation of the devices is eliminated, detection precision can be effectively improved and detection distance can be effectively extended.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of shield construction method for forecasting advanced geology and system.
Background technology
Rock tunnel(ling) machine construction method has certain singularity and complicacy, and this brings a huge difficult problem to its advance geologic prediction.Be in particular in that development machine occupies most of space at tunnel tunnel face rear, construction place, front is very little, and the cutterhead in front rotates the pressure needing maintenance certain, therefore the abutment wall at face rear does not possess the condition of settling advanced prediction detection excitation apparatus and sensor substantially, and this can bring certain difficulty to forecasting technique, method and apparatus arrangement.For seismic method, the vibrations of mechanical equivalent of light excavation are comparatively large, affect also large; For electromagnetism class methods, comparatively greatly, electromagnetism class device is also difficult to arrangement and operation on face simultaneously for interference current and machine metal induction impact own.Due to the difficulty detected above, so TSP available in traditional drill bursting construction, TRT, the technical methods such as TST all cannot launch to implement, but tunneler construction is very responsive again to geological state, the unfavorable geologic body often run in work progress, as special soil layer, drift sand, the disaster source such as stone of wafing all likely bring out prominent mud gushing water under constructing tunnel disturbance, the geologic hazard that landslide etc. are serious, directly affect the normal headwork of development machine, even may jeopardize the life security of workmen.Therefore, this difficult problem of geologic condition how detecting development machine front becomes the focus that people pay close attention to, and how to solve this difficult problem and also becomes an important problem.
At present, lot of domestic and international scholar is under constantly exploring effort, investigated the advanced prediction method of several applicable tunneler construction environment, as ISIS active source earthquake advanced detection technology, pneumatic hammer is utilized to produce stronger repetition pulse signal, receive seismologic record by the three-component receiver be placed on tunnel side wall, thus realize tunnel earthquake active source forward probe; BEAM technology, detection instrument, sensor is integrated with TBM, and carry out automatic detection, but it being in positioning precision, detection range, there is very large problem in resolution aspect; TBM carries three-dimensional focal and swashs electricity, swashs the mentality of designing of electricity, but have practical application not yet at present by carrying three-dimensional focal on TBM; TBM construction tunnel across hole radar detection, be to the expansion of the advance geologic rig that TBM itself carries with supplement, utilize existing boring to implement across hole geological radar imaging detection, can detect preferably.These detection methods all focus on detection instrument, sensor is integrated and integrated with development machine, therefore also there is great limitation by the physical construction restriction of development machine own.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve above-mentioned technical matters and a kind of shield construction method for forecasting advanced geology and system are provided, solve the limitation that detection method in the existing tunneler construction process of the people needs to install sniffer on development machine cutterhead, and detection accuracy is low, the problems such as detection range is near.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of shield construction method for forecasting advanced geology, comprises the following steps:
The reflection wave that the seismic event of its own mechanical vibrations generation in work progress is formed after running into reflecting interface at predeterminated position and orientation real-time reception shield machine and transmitted wave, form earthquake standards data file;
Real-time Collection shield machine works the vibration signal data under mobile status in work progress;
Data processing parsing is carried out to described earthquake standards data file and vibration signal data, forms the image of shield machine construction front geological condition and output display.
Described image is one dimensional image, two dimensional image or 3-D view.
Described method of carrying out data processing parsing to described earthquake standards data file comprises one or more in deconvolution, filtering, normal moveout correction, static correction, superposition, skew, and according to the data genaration after analyzing and processing image output display.
The present invention also aims to provide a kind of shield construction advanced geology prediction system, comprise
Earthquake standards data file forming unit, the reflection wave that the seismic event for its own mechanical vibrations generation in work progress at predeterminated position and orientation real-time reception shield machine is formed after running into reflecting interface and transmitted wave, form earthquake standards data file;
Vibration signal collecting unit, the vibration signal data worked in work progress for Real-time Collection shield machine under mobile status;
Data processing resolution unit, for carrying out data processing parsing to described earthquake standards data file and vibration signal data, forms the image of shield machine construction front geological condition and output display.
Described earthquake standards data file forming unit comprises:
Seismic receiver, comprise square hole three-component seismometer string before the hole apertura lateralis three-component seismometer string be placed in outside tunnel portal and the tunnel being placed in tunnel excavation front, and be placed in the ground three-component seismometer string of cutter head of shield machine rear section of jurisdiction sidewall and ground intersection;
Data acquisition unit, comprise multiple data collecting instrument, be connected with three-component seismometer string in three-component seismometer string in square hole before described ground three-component seismometer string, tunnel and hole apertura lateralis respectively, the reflection wave formed after running into reflecting interface in communication process for the seismic event of being monitored, receiving shield machine cutterhead vibrations generation in tunneling process by described seismic receiver and transmitted wave, and be sent to described data processing resolution unit.
Described vibration signal collecting unit comprises DRS, and the wall-hanging shield machine main body that is arranged on, near cutterhead non-rotating part, is sent to described data processing resolution unit after receiving the vibration signal under shield machine work mobile status.
Described DRS is centralized hyperchannel accelerograph.
Described data processing resolution unit is computing machine, is built-in with the data acquisition system (DAS) and earthquake standards data file data processing resolver that gather earthquake standard data file.
Before described tunnel, in square hole, in three-component seismometer string and hole apertura lateralis, three-component seismometer string is connected in series by multiple three-component seismometer and forms; Described ground three-component seismometer string is connected in series by multiple three-component seismometer to form, and the aviation plug of each three-component seismometer of described ground three-component seismometer string is all connected on signal cable.
Each three-component seismometer of described ground three-component seismometer string comprises three longitudinal wave detectors, described longitudinal wave detector is orthogonal between two and use wire bonds to described signal cable, described signal cable and wire rope are between two parties through sleeve pipe, sleeve pipe middle inside is fixed in wave detector casting, pipe cap is stamped at the upper and lower two ends of sleeve pipe, and adjacent three-component seismometer is concatenated into by described signal cable and wire rope and is integrated.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1. the seismic event for shield machine mechanical vibration own produced detects as focus square geological condition in face of excavation, sustainablely carries out detecting and does not need to transform cutter head of shield machine, has deducted because installing the limitation transformed and bring.
2. the seismic receiver that diverse location is installed carries out the description in position and direction respectively, is followed the trail of by position skew and angular deflection and locates the reflection wave received, transmitted wave, realizes the wave spectrum display of seismic data corrections, process.
3. the combination of diverse location and differently seismic wave receiver, can effectively solve receiver coupling problem, realize the total space collection of seismic event, realize the seismological observation total space, arrange arbitrarily, and the locus prediction of unfavorable geologic body, forecasts various geological problem.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the principle schematic of a kind of shield construction advanced geology prediction system provided by the invention;
Fig. 2 is the instrument in-site installation schematic diagram of shield construction advance geologic prediction provided by the invention;
Fig. 3 is three-component seismometer string longitudinal profile structural map in hole provided by the invention;
Fig. 4 is three-component seismometer string longitudinal profile, ground provided by the invention structural map;
Fig. 5 is three-component seismometer string transverse section, ground provided by the invention structural map;
In figure: 1 tunnel portal, 2 is tunnel excavation front, 3 is that shield machine main body is near cutterhead non-rotating part, 4 shield duct pieces, 5 for holing outside hole outside hole, 6 is three-component seismometer string in the apertura lateralis of hole, 7 is reflection wave, 8 is transmitted wave, 9 is incident wave, 10 is DRS, 11 is ground three-component seismometer string, 12 is data collecting instrument, 13 is pipe cap, 14 is sleeve pipe, 15 is three-component seismometer, 16 is signal cable, 17 is aviation plug, 18 is universal hook, 19 is shell, 20 is reflecting interface, 51 hole for outside front, tunnel, 61 is three-component seismometer string in square hole before tunnel.
Embodiment
Below, in conjunction with example, substantive distinguishing features of the present invention and advantage are further described, but the present invention is not limited to listed embodiment.
Shown in Figure 1, shield construction method for forecasting advanced geology of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
The reflection wave that the seismic event of its own mechanical vibrations generation in work progress is formed after running into reflecting interface at predeterminated position and orientation real-time reception shield machine and transmitted wave, form earthquake standards data file;
Real-time Collection shield machine works the vibration signal data under mobile status in work progress;
Data processing parsing is carried out to described earthquake standards data file and vibration signal data, forms the image of shield machine construction front geological condition and output display.
It should be noted that, the present invention is by shaking the seismic event of generation for focus with shield machine its own mechanical in work progress, by at predetermined diverse location and different directions, multiposition, the data of the reflection wave that the seismic event of multi-direction reception focus is formed after running into reflecting interface and transmitted wave, the description in position and direction can be carried out respectively at the seismic receiver realizing diverse location installation, by seismic receiver position skew and angular deflection to the reflection wave received, transmitted wave carries out following the trail of and locating, realize seismic data corrections, the wave spectrum display of process, the combination of diverse location and differently seismic wave receiver, can effectively solve receiver coupling problem, realize the total space collection of seismic event, realize the seismological observation total space, any arrangement, the locus prediction of unfavorable geologic body, forecast various geological problem.
Concrete position and direction can be determined according to actual conditions in described predeterminated position and orientation, to ensure the total space collection realizing seismic event, realize the seismological observation total space, arrange arbitrarily, the locus prediction of unfavorable geologic body, forecasts that various geological problem is principle.
Wherein, described image can be formed as one dimensional image, two dimensional image or 3-D view as required.
In the present invention, described method of carrying out data processing parsing to described earthquake standards data file comprises one or more in deconvolution, filtering, normal moveout correction, static correction, superposition, skew, and according to the data genaration after analyzing and processing image output display.
The present invention also aims to provide a kind of shield construction advanced geology prediction system, comprise
Earthquake standards data file forming unit, the reflection wave that the seismic event for its own mechanical vibrations generation in work progress at predeterminated position and orientation real-time reception shield machine is formed after running into reflecting interface and transmitted wave, form earthquake standards data file;
Vibration signal collecting unit, the vibration signal data worked in work progress for Real-time Collection shield machine under mobile status;
Data processing resolution unit, connect described earthquake standards data file forming unit and vibration signal collecting unit, for receive data that described earthquake standards data file forming unit and vibration signal collecting unit send with, data processing parsing is carried out to described earthquake standards data file and vibration signal data, forms the image of shield machine construction front geological condition and output display.
It should be noted that, the present invention is by shaking the seismic event of generation for focus with shield machine its own mechanical in work progress, by at predetermined diverse location and different directions, multiposition, the data of the reflection wave that the seismic event of multi-direction reception focus is formed after running into reflecting interface and transmitted wave, the description in position and direction can be carried out respectively at the seismic receiver realizing diverse location installation, by seismic receiver position skew and angular deflection to the reflection wave received, transmitted wave carries out following the trail of and locating, realize seismic data corrections, the wave spectrum display of process, the combination of diverse location and differently seismic wave receiver, can effectively solve receiver coupling problem, realize the total space collection of seismic event, realize the seismological observation total space, any arrangement, the locus prediction of unfavorable geologic body, forecast various geological problem.
Concrete position and direction can be determined according to actual conditions in described predeterminated position and orientation, to ensure the total space collection realizing seismic event, realize the seismological observation total space, arrange arbitrarily, the locus prediction of unfavorable geologic body, forecasts that various geological problem is principle.
Wherein, described image can be formed as one dimensional image, two dimensional image or 3-D view as required.
In the present invention, described method of carrying out data processing parsing to described earthquake standards data file comprises one or more in deconvolution, filtering, normal moveout correction, static correction, superposition, skew, and according to the data genaration after analyzing and processing image output display.
Shown in Figure 2, in the embodiment of the present invention, in specific implementation, described earthquake standards data file forming unit comprises:
Seismic receiver, comprise multiple seismic receiver, be installed on diverse location and direction by predeterminated position and direction respectively, concrete can be comprise square hole three-component seismometer string 61 before the hole apertura lateralis three-component seismometer string 6 be placed in outside tunnel portal 1 and the tunnel being placed in tunnel excavation front 2 in realization, and is placed in the ground three-component seismometer string 11 of cutter head of shield machine rear shield duct piece 4 sidewall and ground intersection;
Before described tunnel, in square hole, in three-component seismometer string 61 and hole apertura lateralis, three-component seismometer string 6 is arranged in front, tunnel boring 51 and tunnel portal apertura lateralis 5 respectively, the hole depth 50cm of described boring, aperture 20cm, after being connected with corresponding data acquisition unit, boring is backfilled, improves seismoreceiver and the ground coupling further;
Data acquisition unit, comprise multiple data collecting instrument 12, concrete quantitatively consistent with the quantity of above-mentioned three kinds of three-component seismometer strings, needs are connected according to the convenience of three kinds of three-component seismometer strings, can be arranged in tunnel portal 1 and front, tunnel 2, and shield machine main body is on the shield duct piece 4 of cutterhead non-rotating part 3 close cutterhead in tunnel, with connecting line respectively with described ground three-component seismometer string 11, before tunnel, in square hole, in three-component seismometer string and hole apertura lateralis, three-component seismometer string is connected, for passing through described ground three-component seismometer string 11, three-component seismometer string in three-component seismometer string and hole apertura lateralis in square hole before tunnel, monitoring, receive reflection wave 7 and the transmitted wave 8 of layered halfspace ripple 9 formation after running into reflecting interface 20 in communication process that shield machine cutterhead vibrations in tunneling process produce, and be sent to described data processing resolution unit and process.
Described data collecting instrument 12 can be adopt MHHC synthetical collection instrument, can certainly adopt other data collecting instrument.
In specific implementation, described vibration signal collecting unit comprises DRS 10, can be that wall-hanging installation (or otherwise installing fixing) is at position 3 place of shield machine main body non-rotating part near cutterhead, for moving real-time recorded data with development machine, be sent to described data processing resolution unit after being mainly used in the vibration signal under reception shield machine work mobile status to process, to identify drilling position and the geologic condition of shield machine, processed by described data processing resolution unit, and the image output that intuitively can show the geological condition in shield machine front is formed together according to earthquake standard data file.
Wherein, in specific implementation, described DRS 10 can be adopt centralized hyperchannel accelerograph of the prior art to realize.
In specific implementation, described data processing resolution unit can be a computing machine, be built-in with the data acquisition system (DAS) and earthquake standards data file data processing resolver that gather earthquake standard data file, it can certainly be the processor with computing arithmetic capability, the data acquisition system (DAS) of built-in collection earthquake standard data file and earthquake standards data file data processing resolver, and be configured with display or display device and operating system, the equipment such as human-computer interaction device.
In the present invention, see Fig. 4 ~ 5, before described tunnel, in square hole, in three-component seismometer string and hole apertura lateralis, three-component seismometer string is connected in series by multiple three-component seismometer 15 and forms, and each three-component seismometer 15 wraps in shell 19, and universal hook 18 is established in signal cable one end; Shown in Figure 3, described ground three-component seismometer string is connected in series by multiple single three-component seismometer 15 to form, and the aviation plug 17 of each single three-component seismometer 15 of described ground three-component seismometer string is all connected on signal cable 16.
Shown in Figure 3, concrete, each three-component seismometer of described surface geophone string comprises the three-component seismometer 15 of three longitudinal directions, described three-component seismometer 15 orthogonal between two and use wire bonds to signal cable 16, described signal cable and wire rope are between two parties through sleeve pipe 14, sleeve pipe middle inside is fixed in wave detector casting, pipe cap 13 is stamped at the upper and lower two ends of sleeve pipe, adjacent three-component seismometer is concatenated into by signal cable and wire rope and is integrated, and each aviation plug is all connected on signal cable and forms three-component seismometer string.
It should be noted that, in the present invention, outside the hole being placed in hole, three-component seismometer string and front, tunnel three-component seismometer string carry out simplify processes, only retain three-component seismometer core, signal cable consolidation process, removes wire, and structure is more simple.Surface geophone string adopts short cylindrical sleeve pipe envelope three-component seismometer core body, and runs through with signal cable and wire, and cable and wire no longer separate in wave detector inside through, but be designed to wrap up into a line passing, structure is more simple.
Below, the operation setting process of on-site collection shield machine mechanical shock seismic signal of the present invention process is described with an instantiation.
First, in-situ data is inputted computing machine, comprise project profile brief introduction, seismic receiver locus describes, focal point locus describes.Before image data, data collecting instrument carries out parameter configuration.Arrange each collection option, triggering mode, time window is selected, Real-time Collection and single acquisition select.Gather option and comprise sampling number, sampling rate, sampling gain, sampling resolution etc., sampling number optional 1 ~ 30000, sampling rate: 2000,2500,3750,5000,7500,10000,15000,20000,30000, sampling gain: 1,2,4,8,16,32,64, sampling resolution: 8,16,24.
After being provided with, check whether each survey station wiring connects normal, by computer testing system connection, after normal, system enters ready state, system triggers, starts earthquake data acquisition, transmission work, after completing earthquake data acquisition, data collecting instrument image data forms earthquake standards data file.
House data process: Data Management Analysis is carried out to seismic event data file: comprise and get normal moveout correction, static correction, superposition, skew, the professional treatment such as deconvolution.
Carry out imaging after data processing terminates and sentence geological condition translating: operation computing machine, image display is carried out to data file: comprise one-dimensional pattern, X-Y scheme, three-dimensional picture, the image information of the geologic prediction needs such as the tomography that may exist or Karst geology can be shown in the image formed, then by explanation, interpretation, analysis data file and imaging figure, geologic information situation is described, forms geologic prediction file and preserve or export.
More than analyze, can find out, focus, by when shield driving tunnel, is chosen as cutter head of shield machine mechanical shock by the present invention, no longer adopts people to be ripple of initiating earthquake, decreases complicated operation degree, reduces operation easier; Lead at independent hole arranged middle ground three-component seismometer string outside tunnel excavation hole and in ground, tunnel excavation dead ahead lower opening respectively, shield machine joins DRS; Only arrange ground three-component seismometer string at shield machine shield duct piece and ground intersection in hole, abandoned and selected multiple spot in space to arrange three-component seismometer string, structure Relatively centralized; And data collecting instrument record data are long-time continuous record, can realize continuous Real-time Collection, compare manually to excite and produce seismic event, the data more real-time continuous of collection, can realize synchronously realizing geologic prediction with the shield machine course of work.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a shield construction method for forecasting advanced geology, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
The reflection wave that the seismic event of its own mechanical vibrations generation in work progress is formed after running into reflecting interface at predeterminated position and orientation real-time reception shield machine and transmitted wave, form earthquake standards data file;
Real-time Collection shield machine works the vibration signal data under mobile status in work progress;
Data processing parsing is carried out to described earthquake standards data file and vibration signal data, forms the image of shield machine construction front geological condition and output display.
2. shield construction method for forecasting advanced geology according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described image is one dimensional image, two dimensional image or 3-D view.
3. shield construction method for forecasting advanced geology according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described method of carrying out data processing parsing to described earthquake standards data file comprises one or more in deconvolution, filtering, normal moveout correction, static correction, superposition, skew, and according to the data genaration after analyzing and processing image output display.
4. a shield construction advanced geology prediction system, is characterized in that, comprises
Earthquake standards data file forming unit, the reflection wave that the seismic event for its own mechanical vibrations generation in work progress at predeterminated position and orientation real-time reception shield machine is formed after running into reflecting interface and transmitted wave, form earthquake standards data file;
Vibration signal collecting unit, the vibration signal data worked in work progress for Real-time Collection shield machine under mobile status;
Data processing resolution unit, for carrying out data processing parsing to described earthquake standards data file and vibration signal data, forms the image of shield machine construction front geological condition and output display.
5. shield construction advanced geology prediction system according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, described earthquake standards data file forming unit comprises:
Seismic receiver, comprise square hole three-component seismometer string before the hole apertura lateralis three-component seismometer string be placed in outside tunnel portal and the tunnel being placed in tunnel excavation front, and be placed in the ground three-component seismometer string of cutter head of shield machine rear section of jurisdiction sidewall and ground intersection;
Data acquisition unit, comprise multiple data collecting instrument, be connected with three-component seismometer string in three-component seismometer string in square hole before described ground three-component seismometer string, tunnel and hole apertura lateralis respectively, the reflection wave formed after running into reflecting interface in communication process for the seismic event of being monitored, receiving shield machine cutterhead vibrations generation in tunneling process by described seismic receiver and transmitted wave, and be sent to described data processing resolution unit.
6. shield construction advanced geology prediction system according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, described vibration signal collecting unit comprises DRS, the wall-hanging shield machine main body that is arranged on, near cutterhead non-rotating part, is sent to described data processing resolution unit after receiving the vibration signal under shield machine work mobile status.
7. shield construction advanced geology prediction system according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, described DRS is centralized hyperchannel accelerograph.
8. shield construction advanced geology prediction system according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, described data processing resolution unit is computing machine, is built-in with the data acquisition system (DAS) and earthquake standards data file data processing resolver that gather earthquake standard data file.
9. shield construction advanced geology prediction system according to claim 5, is characterized in that, before described tunnel, in square hole, in three-component seismometer string and hole apertura lateralis, three-component seismometer string is connected in series by multiple three-component seismometer and forms; Described ground three-component seismometer string is connected in series by multiple three-component seismometer to form, and the aviation plug of each three-component seismometer of described ground three-component seismometer string is all connected on signal cable.
10. shield construction advanced geology prediction system according to claim 9, it is characterized in that, each three-component seismometer of ground three-component seismometer string comprises three longitudinal wave detectors, described longitudinal wave detector is orthogonal between two and use wire bonds to described signal cable, described signal cable and wire rope are between two parties through sleeve pipe, sleeve pipe middle inside is fixed in wave detector casting, pipe cap is stamped at the upper and lower two ends of sleeve pipe, and adjacent three-component seismometer is concatenated into by described signal cable and wire rope and is integrated.
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| CN105301645B (en) | 2018-05-25 |
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