CN109738964B - Tunnel prediction device, tunneling machine and method for seismic wave and electromagnetic wave joint inversion - Google Patents
Tunnel prediction device, tunneling machine and method for seismic wave and electromagnetic wave joint inversion Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tunnel forecasting device, a tunneling machine and a method for seismic wave and electromagnetic wave joint inversion, wherein the tunnel forecasting device, the tunneling machine and the method comprise a composite detector, a shock excitation rod, an electromagnetic emission rod, a concentrator and a controller; the shock excitation rod is used for sending seismic wave signals; the electromagnetic transmitting rod is used for transmitting electromagnetic wave signals, the shock excitation rod and the electromagnetic transmitting rod are connected with the controller through the first concentrator, or the shock excitation rod and the electromagnetic transmitting rod are connected with the controller through the first concentrator and the second concentrator respectively; the excitation command sent by the controller can be transmitted to the electromagnetic emission rod or the shock excitation rod; the composite detector synchronously receives electromagnetic wave signals and seismic wave signals, the composite detector is connected with the controller through a third concentrator, and the signals received by the composite detector can be transmitted to the controller after being collected at the third concentrator.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an advanced geological forecasting direction in tunnel engineering, in particular to a tunnel forecasting device, a tunneling machine and a method for seismic wave and electromagnetic wave joint inversion.
Background
With the rapid development of the traffic technology in China, China is the world with the largest tunnel construction scale and the highest difficulty, and the tunnel construction difficulty is transferred to karst areas with complex geology in the west and ultra-long cross-sea areas in the east. In tunnel construction, engineering geological conditions are extremely complex, engineering disasters such as tunnel water inrush and mud gushing, collapse and the like are extremely easy to occur, the safety of constructors and property is seriously threatened, and the construction progress is influenced. The advanced geological forecast is a method for detecting, analyzing, interpreting and forecasting engineering geology and hydrogeological conditions in front of a tunnel excavation working face and engineering properties, positions, states of production, scales and the like of bad geological bodies by means of geophysical prospecting and the like on the basis of existing geological data, is incorporated into the process implementation requirements of tunnel construction, and has standard regulations such as railway tunnel advanced geological forecast technical regulations (Q/CR 9217 + 2015) and the like.
The existing tunnel advance geological forecast method mainly comprises a seismic wave method, an electromagnetic wave method, an electric method and the like, and all the methods are physical detection methods which utilize the physical property difference of surrounding rocks, transmit and receive response signals for distinguishing and analyzing to obtain the characteristics of a front geologic body and have advantages and disadvantages. The seismic wave method is sensitive to the development condition of joint fractures, the traditional TSP detection method can detect the distance of 80-150 m, but is not sensitive enough to the water-bearing property of surrounding rocks, the water-bearing condition of the surrounding rocks in front can only be generally presumed, the influence of various factors is caused, and the error is large. The electromagnetic wave method and the electric method are extremely sensitive to the water content of a water-containing body and can accurately determine the water content of the surrounding rock ahead, but the detection of the crack development condition of the surrounding rock by the single detection of the electric method and the electromagnetic wave method is rough, the implementation of the resistivity CT method, the induced polarization method and the like is complex, a long measuring line needs to be arranged, and a large amount of labor and time are consumed.
Particularly, the development of the Tunnel Boring Machine (full face Tunnel Boring Machine) has the advantages of high Boring speed, environmental protection, high comprehensive benefit and the like, and can realize the construction of a long Tunnel buried deeply in complex geographical features which is difficult to realize by the traditional drilling and blasting method, and the application cases of the existing construction method of the Tunnel Boring Machine in Tunnel projects of China railway, hydropower, traffic, mine, municipal engineering and the like are rapidly increased (the development of the building technology of the full face hard rock Tunnel Boring Machine [ J ]: 2005(9): 125-). In the construction environment of the development machine, the traditional advanced geological prediction means is restricted by the special construction environment, the narrow observation space, the serious electromagnetic interference and the short detection time. For example, the traditional TSP method requires an explosive source on the side wall of the tunnel, and the explosion of the explosive easily threatens the safety of the heading machine equipment; according to the traditional transient electromagnetic method, measuring and measuring coils need to be arranged on the working surface of the tunnel, and the narrow observation space in front of a heading machine cutter head cannot meet the requirement of transient electromagnetic arrangement.
The existing heading machine is provided with an advanced geological forecasting system, such as a BEAM (Bore-Tunnel electric Ahead Monitoring) system in Germany, and has the disadvantages of short detection distance, limited measuring point arrangement, single observation method, poor positioning accuracy and the need of reforming a cutter head and a hob to a certain extent. Patents applied by domestic researchers, such as a portable resistivity method advanced prediction system and a method thereof (CN201510868928) suitable for TBM, a forward three-dimensional induced polarization advanced detection device system and a method thereof (CN201310005132) for TBM construction tunnel, a three-dimensional earthquake advanced detection device and a method thereof (CN201510106373) for a rock breaking source of a tunnel boring machine, are all single tunnel boring machine advanced prediction methods, or only can intensively detect the development condition of a crack of a surrounding rock or only can intensively detect the water content condition of the surrounding rock, and the methods need to transform a cutter head of the boring machine, are easy to damage and destroy the sealing property of the cutter head. A three-dimensional earthquake advanced geological detection device and method (CN201510106173) of an active source in a tunnel boring machine adopt a method of contact coupling of a detector and a hole wall and excitation of a controllable seismic source on the hole wall, the influence of a surrounding rock plastic region near the hole wall on seismic wave propagation is not considered, the detection precision is low, and the matching degree with the actual surrounding rock condition that is not excavated is poor. A tunnel advanced water detecting method and system (CN201510271709) based on complex frequency conductance can not modify a cutter head, but the method is single, only the water containing condition of surrounding rocks can be mainly detected, and the manual operation mode can not meet the construction requirement in a tunnel of a heading machine.
The seismic wave method can meet the requirement of acquiring crack information, the electromagnetic wave method such as a complex conductivity method can meet the requirement of acquiring water-containing information, the detection distance of the two detection modes can reach the long-distance detection length of 100m, the detection means of the two detection modes have certain communication and can be fused, and the detection requirement of tunnel advanced geological prediction is met.
Therefore, an advanced geological prediction device and method which can simultaneously obtain the fracture and water-containing condition, can obtain more accurate hydrogeological information of surrounding rock, has higher efficiency and higher accuracy and can simultaneously meet the requirements of drilling and blasting methods and heading machine construction advanced geological prediction are in urgent need.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a tunnel forecasting device, a tunneling machine and a method for seismic wave and electromagnetic wave joint inversion, and aims to overcome the defects that the prior art cannot simultaneously acquire cracks and water containing conditions, cannot combine the cracks and the water containing conditions to judge and acquire more accurate hydrogeological information of surrounding rocks, is low in efficiency and accuracy, and a common forecasting method is not suitable for construction of the tunneling machine and needs to modify a cutter head.
The invention provides a tunnel forecasting device for joint inversion of seismic waves and electromagnetic waves, which combines a seismic wave method and an electromagnetic wave method together, can integrally realize advanced geological forecasting and detection of the seismic waves and the electromagnetic waves in a drilling and blasting tunnel or a tunneling machine tunneling tunnel, and can obtain the condition of cracks in front of the tunnel and the water content at one time without modifying a cutter head.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a tunneling machine provided with a tunnel forecasting device for joint inversion of seismic waves and electromagnetic waves, and the tunnel forecasting device is mainly applied to the tunneling machine.
The third invention of the invention aims to provide a method for forecasting by using a tunnel forecasting device based on joint inversion of seismic waves and electromagnetic waves, which carries out joint inversion on two detection results to ensure that the fissure development and the water-containing condition are mutually verified, so that whether cavities, water-containing fissures and water-containing holes exist in the front of a tunnel can be fully known, water source, water flow path and water flow size information can be obtained, parameters such as water pressure and the like are estimated by combining other geological survey results, comprehensive hydrogeological information is obtained, the possibility of collapse or water inrush disaster can be effectively evaluated, the forecasting accuracy is improved, and convenience is provided for tunnel safety tunneling and further disaster forecasting, early warning and treatment.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following scheme:
the tunnel forecasting device for the joint inversion of the seismic waves and the electromagnetic waves comprises a composite detector, a shock excitation rod, an electromagnetic emission rod, a concentrator and a controller;
the shock rod is used for sending seismic wave signals; the electromagnetic emission rod is used for sending electromagnetic wave signals, the shock excitation rod and the electromagnetic emission rod are connected with the controller through a first concentrator, or the shock excitation rod and the electromagnetic emission rod are connected with the controller through the first concentrator and a second concentrator respectively; the excitation command sent by the controller can be transmitted to the electromagnetic emission rod or the shock excitation rod;
the composite geophone synchronously receives electromagnetic wave signals and seismic wave signals, the composite geophone is connected with the controller through a third concentrator, and the signals received by the composite geophone can be transmitted to the controller after being collected at the third concentrator.
As a further technical scheme, the tunnel boring machine further comprises a side wall boring machine, and the side wall boring machine is used for boring holes in the lateral side wall of the tunnel.
As a further technical scheme, the drill holes are symmetrically and horizontally distributed along the axis of the tunnel, the axis of each hole is perpendicular to the axis of the tunnel, and each side is provided with at least four receiving holes and one transmitting hole. The symmetrical and horizontal array layout mode can improve shielding of instrument interference signals inside the tunnel, reduce interference of signals around the tunnel, strengthen effective signals in front of the working face of the tunnel, and ensure the detection effect of the signals through receiving and exciting holes in sufficient quantity.
As a further technical scheme, the hole depth is ensured to penetrate through a surrounding rock side wall plastic region, information according with the original surrounding rock condition is collected, and the detector is easily inserted into the hole bottom for coupling;
the receiving holes on each side are uniformly distributed at intervals, and the intervals are not less than 0.5m, so that the received signals have distinguishable differences; the distance between each side receiving hole and each side emitting hole is not less than 1 m; if the number of the emitting holes on each side is larger than 1, the distance is not less than 1m, and the identification degree of the emitted signals is improved.
As a further technical scheme, a drill hole protective sleeve is arranged in the drill hole to protect the safety of the composite detector, the shock excitation rod and the electromagnetic emission rod when the composite detector, the shock excitation rod or the electromagnetic emission rod go deep into the drill hole and prevent the composite detector, the shock excitation rod or the electromagnetic emission rod from being incapable of being recovered due to collapse hole blockage.
As a further technical scheme, the drilling protective sleeve is a hollow thin PVC pipe, so that the drilling protective sleeve is low in manufacturing cost and has good hardness; the outer diameter of the drilling protective sleeve is ensured to be capable of penetrating into and clinging to the wall of a drill hole; the length of the drilling protective sleeve is smaller than the depth of the drilling hole, so that the follow-up composite detector, the shock excitation rod and the electromagnetic emission rod can be exposed and coupled with the wall of the receiving hole.
As a further technical scheme, the composite detector is a signal receiving device. The seismic sensor and the electromagnetic wave sensor are arranged at the front end in the composite wave detector, so that the seismic signal and the electromagnetic wave signal are received doubly, and a cable socket is arranged to facilitate signal transmission.
As a further technical scheme, the shock rod is a shock transmitting device of a seismic wave signal. Furthermore, the shock rod is packaged with a shock device which can excite broadband seismic waves required by seismic exploration. The shock excitation rod is provided with a cable socket, so that the shock excitation rod can conveniently transmit signals with the controller through a cable.
As a further technical scheme, the electromagnetic emission rod is an emission source device of electromagnetic signals. Furthermore, the electromagnetic emission rod is packaged with an electromagnetic exciter which can emit broadband electromagnetic waves required by detection by an electromagnetic wave method. The electromagnetic emission rod is provided with a cable socket, so that the electromagnetic emission rod can conveniently transmit signals with the controller through a cable.
The invention also provides a tunnel prediction heading machine for seismic wave and electromagnetic wave joint inversion, which comprises any one of the tunnel prediction devices for seismic wave and electromagnetic wave joint inversion, wherein a pilot drill of the heading machine is used as a side wall drilling machine for drilling, the composite detectors are arranged on two sides of the front end of a heading machine frame, and the shock excitation rod and the electromagnetic emission rod are arranged behind the composite detectors and on two sides of the heading machine frame; the concentrator and the controller are detachable and are placed in the rack space of the heading machine.
The tunnel forecasting method of the seismic wave and electromagnetic wave joint inversion comprises the following steps:
1) adopting a side wall drilling machine to drill holes on the transverse side wall of the tunnel, wherein the holes are required to be symmetrically and horizontally distributed along the axis of the tunnel according to the required depth and distance, the axis of each hole is vertical to the axis of the tunnel, and each side is at least provided with four receiving holes and one transmitting hole; the hole depth ensures to penetrate through a plastic area on the side wall of the surrounding rock, information according with the original surrounding rock condition is collected, and the detector is easily inserted into the hole bottom for coupling; the hole spacing ensures that the transmission and the reception of signals are not influenced;
2) after punching, the drilling protective sleeve penetrates into each drilling hole to perform anti-collapse hole protection, and the outermost end of the drilling protective sleeve is flush with the side wall surface of the tunnel;
3) placing the composite detector into each receiving hole, and propping to the bottom of each receiving hole to be coupled with the wall of each receiving hole;
4) inserting the shock excitation rod into the emission hole, contacting with the bottom of the emission hole, and contacting and coupling with the wall of the emission hole;
5) connecting the composite detector with a third concentrator, connecting the shock excitation rod with a first concentrator, and respectively connecting the first concentrator and the third concentrator with a controller;
6) opening a controller, operating seismic wave method acquisition software in an acquisition program, controlling each shock bar to sequentially send seismic wave signals, enabling the composite geophone to synchronously receive the seismic wave signals, and storing the seismic wave signals in the controller; until all the shock exciters are excited, and completing corresponding receiving and storing;
7) disconnecting the cable connection between the first concentrator and the shock excitation rod, taking out the shock excitation rod, replacing the electromagnetic emission rod, connecting the electromagnetic emission rod with the first concentrator or the second concentrator, inserting the electromagnetic emission rod into the emission hole to contact with the bottom of the emission hole, and enabling the electromagnetic emission rod to be in contact coupling with the wall of the emission hole;
8) and operating electromagnetic wave method acquisition software in the acquisition program, controlling each electromagnetic transmitting rod to sequentially transmit electromagnetic wave signals, enabling the composite detector to synchronously receive the electromagnetic wave signals, and storing the electromagnetic wave signals in the controller. Until all the electromagnetic emission rods are excited, and completing corresponding receiving and storing;
9) processing data, and respectively operating processing software of a seismic wave method and an electromagnetic wave method on a controller to obtain the fracture development condition and the water content condition of surrounding rock in front of the working face of the tunnel;
10) and operating joint inversion analysis software of the seismic wave method and the electromagnetic wave method, performing joint inversion analysis of the seismic wave method and the electromagnetic wave method, judging whether a front cavity, a water-containing crack and a water-containing hole exist or not by using crack development conditions, water-containing conditions and early-stage tunnel geological survey information and adopting methods such as theoretical calculation, comprehensive analysis and the like to obtain water source, water flow path and water flow size information, and evaluating and predicting the possibility of collapse or water inrush disaster by using evaluation methods such as a comparative analysis method, an empirical analysis method and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the invention can simultaneously satisfy the construction environment in a drilling and blasting method tunnel and a heading machine construction tunnel, overcomes the difficult problem that the existing seismic wave method and the existing electromagnetic wave method are not suitable for the heading machine construction tunnel and the defect that the existing most heading machine advanced geological prediction methods need to reform a cutter head, arranges the drill hole on the side wall of the tunnel at the position of the main machine frame of the heading machine, fully utilizes the open space in the middle of the heading machine, and completes the accurate detection of the seismic wave method and the electromagnetic wave method.
2) The invention overcomes the defect that the prior tunnel advanced geological prediction method can not acquire the fracture and water containing conditions at the same time, and one set of equipment finishes the acquisition and the processing of the two methods and can acquire the fracture and the water containing conditions at the same time.
3) The method overcomes the defect that the prior tunnel advanced geological prediction method cannot combine fracture and water containing conditions for discrimination to obtain more accurate hydrogeological information of the surrounding rock, provides joint inversion analysis of a seismic wave method and an electromagnetic wave method, firstly obtains the inversion results of the seismic wave method and the electromagnetic wave method respectively, adopts methods such as theoretical calculation, comprehensive analysis and the like for judgment and analysis, and adopts methods such as a contrast analysis method, an empirical analysis method and the like for evaluation and prediction.
4) The method improves the forecasting precision of the existing tunnel, not only adopts an array acquisition means to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and set porous excitation and reception to reduce the transmitting and receiving errors of signals, but also adopts a joint inversion resolution mode of two types of methods to judge the development condition of the tunnel surrounding rock more accurately, and the innovation of the processing method enables the working effect of the two methods to generate the quality change of 1+1> 2.
5) The invention ensures that the forecasting efficiency of the existing tunnel is higher. In the tunneling process, time is a yield value, the time consumption is 1+1 to 2 due to the overlapping use of the two existing single forecasting methods, and the existing forecasting methods have respective preparation works, are complicated and are difficult to coordinate. The invention is not the superposition of single forecasting method but the fusion, the fusion of the working modes of the two methods leads the working time to generate the change of 1+1<2, greatly improves the working efficiency and adapts to the requirement of the prior tunnel engineering.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.
The figures illustrate the combination of the elements, and their relative sizes do not represent actual dimensions, but are merely schematic representations of their positions.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the combination of the receiving holes of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the combination of the shock rod contained in the excitation hole of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the present invention showing the combination of the electromagnetic radiation rods contained in the excitation holes.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the cable connections in the tunnel of the present invention and some dimensional specifications.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the overall installation procedure of the apparatus and method of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the internal data processing program of the apparatus and method of the present invention.
Figure 7 is a schematic representation of one use of the apparatus and method of the present invention in a heading machine for tunneling into a tunnel.
Wherein: 1. the tunnel comprises tunnel surrounding rocks, 2, a tunnel side wall, 3, a receiving hole, 4, a transmitting hole, 5, a drilling protective sleeve, 6, a composite detector, 7, a shock exciting rod, 8, an electromagnetic transmitting rod, 9, a cable, 10, a tunnel working face, 11, a concentrator, 12, a computer host, 13, a heading machine cutterhead, 14, a heading machine host frame (the middle part of the heading machine), 15 and a heading machine tail.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
As introduced in the background art, the tunnel prediction device, the heading machine and the method for seismic wave and electromagnetic wave joint inversion are provided in order to solve the technical problems that the advance geological prediction requirement of the heading machine construction cannot be met without modifying the cutter head 13, the crack and water containing condition cannot be obtained simultaneously, more accurate hydrogeological information of the surrounding rock cannot be obtained, the advance geological prediction method with higher efficiency and higher accuracy cannot be adopted, and the like.
Example 1
The special implementation mode of the application is applied to construction of the heading machine. It should be noted that the heading machine in the present application is a broad heading machine concept, and includes a narrow full face hard rock heading machine (i.e., a narrow TBM) and a shield machine. As shown in fig. 1-3, the present invention is a schematic view of the installation of the components in the receiving or firing aperture; a receiving hole 3 and a transmitting hole 4 are drilled in a tunnel surrounding rock 1, a composite geophone 6 is installed in the receiving hole 3 and connected with a cable 9 at the tail part, and a shock excitation rod 7 or an electromagnetic transmitting rod 8 is installed in the transmitting hole 4 and connected with the cable 9 at the tail part.
The device is specifically shown in fig. 4, and the tunnel forecasting device for seismic wave and electromagnetic wave joint inversion comprises a side wall drilling rig, a drilling protective sleeve 5, a composite detector 6, a shock rod 7, an electromagnetic emission rod 8, a cable 9, a concentrator 11, a computer host 12 and software.
The cable 9 connects the composite detector 6 with the hub 11, and connects the hub 11 with the host computer 12, so as to ensure that the signals received by the composite detector 6 can be transmitted to the host computer after being collected at the hub 11;
the cable 9 connects the shock rod 7 with another concentrator 11, and connects the concentrator 11 with the host computer 12, so as to ensure that the excitation command sent by the host computer 12 can be transmitted to the shock rod 7;
the cable 9 connects the electromagnetic emission rod 8 with another hub 11, and connects the hub 11 with the host computer 12, so as to ensure that the excitation command sent by the host computer 12 can be transmitted to the electromagnetic emission rod 8.
In the above technical solution, the shock rod 7 and the electromagnetic emitting rod 8 can also share one hub 11, because the shock rod 7 and the electromagnetic emitting rod 8 are put into the borehole in different time periods in a specific experiment, the shock rod 7 and the electromagnetic emitting rod 8 can also share one hub 11.
As shown in fig. 7, the sidewall drilling machine can utilize a pilot drilling machine of the heading machine to drill the tunnel sidewall 2 in the open space of the middle frame 14 of the heading machine, so as to perform corresponding advanced geological prediction. The composite detectors 6 are arranged on two sides of the front end of the development machine frame 14, and the shock excitation rod 7 and the electromagnetic emission rod 8 are arranged behind the composite detectors 6 and on two sides of the development machine frame. The cable 9, the concentrator 11 and the computer host 12 are detachable and are placed in the rack space of the heading machine.
The side wall drilling machine can realize the drilling of the drilling machine on the transverse side wall 2, the holes are symmetrically and horizontally distributed along the axis of the tunnel and are perpendicular to the axis of the tunnel, each side is not less than four receiving holes 3 and not less than one transmitting hole 4, the symmetrical and horizontal array arrangement mode can improve the shielding of instrument interference signals inside the tunnel, reduce the interference of signals around the holes and strengthen effective signals in front of a tunnel working surface 10, and the receiving and exciting holes 7 with enough quantity can ensure the detection effect of the signals; the depth of the hole is 1.5-2.0 m, so that the plastic region of the side wall 2 of the surrounding rock 1 is ensured to be penetrated, information conforming to the original surrounding rock 1 condition is acquired, and the detector is easily inserted into the hole bottom for coupling; the receiving holes 3 on each side are uniformly distributed at intervals, and the intervals are not less than 0.5m, so that the received signals have distinguishable differences; the distance between each side receiving hole 3 and each side emitting hole 4 is not less than 1 m; if each side emission hole 4 is more than 1, the distance is not less than 1m, so that the identification degree of the emission signal is improved.
The drilling protective sleeve 5 is a hollow thin PVC pipe, is low in manufacturing cost and has good hardness, so that the composite detector 6, the shock excitation rod 7 and the electromagnetic emission rod 8 are protected from being deeply drilled safely, and the composite detector 6, the shock excitation rod 7 or the electromagnetic emission rod 8 is prevented from being blocked and incapable of being recycled due to hole collapse. Furthermore, the diameter of the outer side of the drilling protective sleeve 5 is 1 mm-2 mm smaller than the diameter of the drill hole, so as to ensure that the drilling protective sleeve can penetrate deeply and cling to the wall of the drill hole. The length of the drilling protective sleeve 5 is less than the drilling depth of 16 cm-22 cm, so that the follow-up composite detector 6, the shock excitation rod 7 and the electromagnetic emission rod 8 can be exposed and coupled with the wall of the drilling hole.
The composite detector 6 is a signal receiving device. Furthermore, a seismic sensor and an electromagnetic wave sensor are arranged at the front end of the interior of the composite wave detector 6, so that double reception of seismic signals and electromagnetic wave signals is realized, and a cable 9 socket is arranged to facilitate signal transmission. The composite detector 6 has a working length of 2m, and can be ensured to penetrate into the bottom of the receiving hole 3 and be coupled with the wall of the receiving hole 3.
The shock rod 7 is a shock transmitting device of a seismic wave signal. Furthermore, the shock rod 7 is packaged with a shock device which can excite the broadband seismic waves required by seismic exploration. The shock excitation rod 7 is provided with a cable 9 socket, so that the shock excitation rod can conveniently transmit signals with the computer host 12 through the cable 9. The working length of the shock excitation rod 7 is 2m, so that the shock excitation rod can penetrate into the bottom of the hole 4 of the launching hole and is attached to the wall of the hole 4 of the launching hole.
The electromagnetic emission rod 8 is an emission source device of electromagnetic signals. Furthermore, the electromagnetic emission rod 8 is packaged with an electromagnetic exciter, and can emit broadband electromagnetic waves required by detection by an electromagnetic wave method. The electromagnetic emission rod 8 is provided with a cable 9 socket, so that the electromagnetic emission rod can conveniently transmit signals with the computer host 12 through the cable 9. . The working length of the electromagnetic emission rod 8 is 2m, so that the electromagnetic emission rod can penetrate into the bottom of the 4 holes of the emission hole and is attached to the wall of the 4 holes of the emission hole.
The cable 9 is a signal transmission medium and is used for signal connection between the composite detector 6 and the computer host 12 or between the shock excitation rod 7 and the electromagnetic emission rod 8 and the computer host 12. Further, the cable 9 is not limited to the physical cable 9, and the addition of the wireless device enables the composite geophone 6 and the host to be separated from the physical cable 9 and the hub 11 for wireless transmission.
The concentrator 11 is a common signal integration device (Hub), plays a role in signal integration transmission, prevents the complex layout of the cable 9 caused by excessive end connectors, optimizes signal properties and reduces signal distortion. Furthermore, the cables 9 of the composite geophones 6 are connected to the hub 11 and then connected to the computer host 12; a plurality of shock bars 7 or electromagnetic emission bars 8 are also connected to another hub 11 and then connected to a computer host 12.
The mainframe computer 12 is a signal acquisition and processing device, can send a signal sending command and a signal acquisition command to a sending signal, can store a received signal, can analyze and interpret the signal, and is a tool device for performing joint inversion calculation. Furthermore, the computer host 12 has an interface capable of connecting with the two hubs 11, and software is provided in the computer host to control the excitation, reception and collection of signals, and process and interpret the signals. The software comprises seismic wave acquisition and processing software, electromagnetic wave method acquisition and processing software and joint inversion analysis software of a seismic wave method and an electromagnetic wave method.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the method for forecasting by using the tunnel forecasting device for seismic wave and electromagnetic wave joint inversion disclosed in embodiment 1 includes the following steps:
1) adopting a side wall drilling machine to drill holes on the transverse side wall 2 of the tunnel, wherein the holes are required to be symmetrically and horizontally distributed along the axis of the tunnel and are vertical to the axis of the tunnel, and each side of the holes is not less than four receiving holes 3 and not less than one emission hole 4; the depth of the hole is not less than 1.5m and not more than 2 m; the receiving holes 3 on each side are uniformly distributed at intervals, and the intervals are not less than 0.5 m; the distance between each side receiving hole 3 and each side emitting hole 4 is not less than 1 m; if the number of the emission holes 4 on each side is more than 1, the distance is not less than 1 m;
2) and after the holes are drilled, the drilling protective sleeve 5 goes deep into each drilled hole to perform hole collapse prevention protection. The outermost end of the drilling protective sleeve 5 is flush with the side wall 2 of the tunnel;
3) placing the composite detector 6 into each receiving hole 3, and enabling the composite detector to be propped against the bottom of each receiving hole 3 to be coupled with the wall of each receiving hole 3;
4) inserting the shock excitation rod 7 into the emission hole 4 to contact with the bottom of the emission hole 4 and to be in contact coupling with the wall of the emission hole 4;
5) the parts are connected by a cable 9. Specifically, the system comprises a composite detector 6, a concentrator 11, a shock excitation rod 7, another concentrator 11, two concentrators 11 and a computer host 12;
6) and (3) opening the computer host 12, operating seismic wave method acquisition software in an acquisition program, controlling each shock absorber to sequentially send seismic wave signals, enabling the composite geophone 6 to synchronously receive the seismic wave signals, and storing the seismic wave signals in the computer host 12. Until all the shock exciters are excited, and completing corresponding receiving and storing;
7) disconnecting the concentrator 11 from the cable 9 of the shock rod 7, taking out the shock rod 7, replacing the electromagnetic emission rod 8, and connecting the disconnected concentrator 11; the electromagnetic emission rod 8 is inserted into the emission hole 4 to contact with the bottom of the emission hole 4 and is in contact coupling with the wall of the emission hole 4. In this step, the electromagnetic emission rod 8 can also be connected with another hub 11, i.e. the shock rod 7 and the electromagnetic emission rod 8 are respectively and independently connected with a hub 11;
8) and operating electromagnetic wave method acquisition software in the acquisition program, controlling each electromagnetic emission rod 8 to sequentially send electromagnetic wave signals, enabling the composite wave detector 6 to synchronously receive the electromagnetic wave signals, and storing the electromagnetic wave signals in the computer host 12. Until all the electromagnetic emission rods 8 are completely excited, and corresponding receiving and storing are finished;
9) disassembling and recycling all equipment, including all cable 9 connections, cable 9, composite detector 6, shock excitation rod 7, electromagnetic emission rod 8, concentrator 11 and computer host 12, wherein the drilling protective sleeve 5 is a disposable product and can be reserved in the hole;
10) and (3) processing data, and respectively operating processing software of a seismic wave method and an electromagnetic wave method on the computer host 12 to obtain the fissure development condition and the water content condition of the surrounding rock 1 in front of the tunnel working surface 10.
11) And operating joint inversion analysis software of the seismic wave method and the electromagnetic wave method, performing joint inversion analysis of the seismic wave method and the electromagnetic wave method, judging whether a front cavity, a water-containing crack and a water-containing hole exist or not by using crack development conditions, water-containing conditions and early-stage tunnel geological survey information and adopting methods such as theoretical calculation, comprehensive analysis and the like to obtain water source, water flow path and water flow size information, and evaluating and predicting the possibility of collapse or water inrush disaster by using evaluation methods such as a comparative analysis method, an empirical analysis method and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the invention overcomes the difficulty that the existing seismic wave method and electromagnetic wave method are not suitable for the construction of tunnels by the tunneling machine and the defect that the cutterhead 13 needs to be modified in most of the existing tunneling machine advanced geological prediction methods, and the drilling holes are arranged on the side wall 2 of the tunnel at the position of the main frame 14 of the tunneling machine, so that the open space of the middle part 14 of the tunneling machine is fully utilized, and the accurate detection of the seismic wave method and the electromagnetic wave method is completed.
2) The invention overcomes the defect that the prior tunnel advanced geological prediction method can not acquire the fracture and water containing conditions at the same time, and one set of equipment finishes the acquisition and the processing of the two methods and can acquire the fracture and the water containing conditions at the same time.
3) The method overcomes the defect that the prior tunnel advanced geological prediction method cannot combine fracture and water containing conditions to judge and obtain more accurate hydrogeological information of the surrounding rock 1, provides joint inversion analysis of a seismic wave method and an electromagnetic wave method, firstly obtains the inversion results of the seismic wave method and the electromagnetic wave method respectively, adopts methods such as theoretical calculation, comprehensive analysis and the like to carry out judgment and analysis, and adopts methods such as a comparative analysis method, an empirical analysis method and the like to carry out evaluation and prediction.
4) The method improves the forecasting precision of the existing tunnel, not only adopts an array acquisition means to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and set porous excitation and reception to reduce the transmitting and receiving errors of signals, but also adopts a joint inversion resolution mode of two types of methods to judge the development condition of the tunnel surrounding rock 1 more accurately, and the innovation of the processing method enables the working effect of the two methods to generate the quality change of 1+1> 2.
5) The invention ensures that the forecasting efficiency of the existing tunnel is higher. In the tunneling process, time is a yield value, the time consumption is 1+1 to 2 due to the overlapping use of the two existing single forecasting methods, and the existing forecasting methods have respective preparation works, are complicated and are difficult to coordinate. The invention is not the superposition of single forecasting method but the fusion, the fusion of the working modes of the two methods leads the working time to generate the change of 1+1<2, greatly improves the working efficiency and adapts to the requirement of the prior tunnel engineering.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (6)
1. The method for performing tunnel advanced geological prediction by using the tunnel prediction device based on seismic wave and electromagnetic wave joint inversion is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) adopting a side wall drilling machine to drill holes on the transverse side wall of the tunnel, wherein the holes are required to be symmetrically and horizontally distributed along the axis of the tunnel, the axis of each hole is vertical to the axis of the tunnel, and each side is at least provided with four receiving holes and one transmitting hole; the hole depth ensures to penetrate through a plastic area on the side wall of the surrounding rock, information conforming to the original surrounding rock condition is collected, and the detector is easily inserted into the hole bottom for coupling; the hole spacing ensures that the transmission and the reception of signals are not influenced;
2) after punching, the drilling protective sleeve penetrates into each drilling hole to perform anti-collapse hole protection, and the outermost end of the drilling protective sleeve is flush with the side wall surface of the tunnel;
3) placing the composite detector into each receiving hole, and propping to the bottom of each receiving hole to be coupled with the wall of each receiving hole;
4) inserting a shock excitation rod into the transmitting hole to contact with the bottom of the transmitting hole and to be in contact coupling with the wall of the transmitting hole;
5) connecting the composite detector with a third concentrator, connecting the shock excitation rod with a first concentrator, and respectively connecting the first concentrator and the third concentrator with a controller;
6) opening a controller, operating seismic wave method acquisition software in an acquisition program, controlling each shock bar to sequentially send seismic wave signals, enabling the composite geophone to synchronously receive the seismic wave signals, and storing the seismic wave signals in the controller; until all the shock exciters are excited, and completing corresponding receiving and storing;
7) disconnecting the cable connection between the first concentrator and the shock excitation rod, taking out the shock excitation rod, replacing the electromagnetic emission rod, connecting the electromagnetic emission rod with the first concentrator or the second concentrator, inserting the electromagnetic emission rod into the emission hole to contact with the bottom of the emission hole, and enabling the electromagnetic emission rod to be in contact coupling with the wall of the emission hole;
8) running electromagnetic wave method acquisition software in an acquisition program, controlling each electromagnetic emission rod to sequentially send electromagnetic wave signals, enabling the composite detector to synchronously receive the electromagnetic wave signals, and storing the electromagnetic wave signals in a controller until all the electromagnetic emission rods are completely excited and completing corresponding receiving and storing;
9) processing data, and respectively operating processing software of a seismic wave method and an electromagnetic wave method on a controller to obtain the fracture development condition and the water content condition of surrounding rock in front of the working face of the tunnel;
10) and operating joint inversion analysis software of the seismic wave method and the electromagnetic wave method, performing joint inversion analysis of the seismic wave method and the electromagnetic wave method, judging whether a cavity, a water-containing crack and a water-containing hole exist in front by utilizing the crack development condition, the water-containing condition and the early-stage tunnel geological survey information, obtaining water source, water flow path and water flow size information, and evaluating and predicting the possibility of collapse or water inrush disaster.
2. The method for performing advanced geological prediction of a tunnel using a seismic and electromagnetic wave joint inversion tunnel prediction apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seismic and electromagnetic wave joint inversion tunnel prediction apparatus further comprises a sidewall drilling machine for drilling a hole in a lateral sidewall of the tunnel.
3. The method for performing advance geological prediction of a tunnel by using a tunnel prediction device based on joint inversion of seismic waves and electromagnetic waves as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drilling protective sleeve is a hollow thin PVC pipe; the diameter of the outer side of the drilling protective sleeve is ensured to be capable of penetrating into and clinging to a drill hole; the length of the drilling protective sleeve ensures that the follow-up composite detector, the shock excitation rod and the electromagnetic emission rod can be exposed and coupled with the wall of the receiving hole.
4. The method for performing advance geological prediction of a tunnel by using the seismic wave and electromagnetic wave joint inversion tunnel prediction device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a seismic wave sensor and an electromagnetic wave sensor are simultaneously arranged at the front end inside the composite geophone, so that dual reception of seismic wave signals and electromagnetic wave signals is realized, and a cable jack is arranged to facilitate signal transmission.
5. The method for performing advance geological prediction of a tunnel by using a tunnel prediction device based on joint inversion of seismic waves and electromagnetic waves as claimed in claim 1, wherein the shock bar is packaged with a shock absorber which can excite broadband seismic waves required by seismic detection; the shock excitation rod is provided with a cable socket, so that the shock excitation rod can conveniently transmit signals with the controller through a cable.
6. The method for performing advance geological prediction of a tunnel by using a tunnel prediction device based on joint inversion of seismic waves and electromagnetic waves as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic launcher is packaged with an electromagnetic exciter and can launch broadband electromagnetic waves required for detection by an electromagnetic wave method; the electromagnetic emission rod is provided with a cable socket, so that the electromagnetic emission rod can conveniently transmit signals with the controller through a cable.
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