CN102879805A - Borehole-based and ground combined seismic wave space exploration method - Google Patents
Borehole-based and ground combined seismic wave space exploration method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102879805A CN102879805A CN2012104095783A CN201210409578A CN102879805A CN 102879805 A CN102879805 A CN 102879805A CN 2012104095783 A CN2012104095783 A CN 2012104095783A CN 201210409578 A CN201210409578 A CN 201210409578A CN 102879805 A CN102879805 A CN 102879805A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a borehole -based and ground combined seismic wave space exploration method, which comprises the following steps of: setting an excitation mode of a seismic source and a detector arrangement mode according to a topographic condition and the peripheral environment of a field to be exploited; forming an exploration hole by using an exploration drill and mounting a wall protecting wall in the exploration hole; simultaneously arranging a detector string in a ground surface and the exploration hole; arranging a unilateral detector string in the ground surface; arranging a three-component detector string in the exploration hole; connecting both the detector strings to a data acquisition instrument on the ground; connecting the data acquisition instrument to a computer; selecting proper exploration parameters and an excitation seismic source according to the geological condition; propagating the seismic wave from the seismic source to the ground surface and the exploration hole through the stratum; performing data acquisition by using the data acquisition instrument; and finally, performing data processing and imaging through the computer. According to the method, the defect that the exploration requirement of a complex topography cannot be met due to finite span and depth for application of the conventional seismic CT (Computed Tomography) technology and single arrangement and receiving mode of the detector is overcome.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of geological mapping method of subway engineering, particularly a kind of space exploration method that in the hole, receives simultaneously seismic event based on original boring with ground.
Background technology
Subway prospecting means comprise geologic examination, probing, physical prospecting, in-situ test, shop experiment and hydrogeological test etc.Be limited to current prospecting technical merit and cost, can't realize the fine description to all kinds of physical property in stratum.Can face the pipeline data such as geologic examination not enough, the structures such as underground discarded pipeline and bombproof such as are difficult to investigate thoroughly at the problem; Probing general spacing in the subway prospecting is that 50m net degree is extremely thin, only can disclose the geological condition of certain point, and can its spacing satisfy the soil layer continuity and require to be still waiting demonstration; Shop experiment then has the difficult problems such as restriction, soil layer disturbance, soil sample preservation and transportation of sample quantities.
Earthquake CT is a kind of new method of exploration of engineering geophysics, also claim seismic event chromatography formation method, earthquake CT penetrates geologic body with seismic ray, by the observation to seimic travel time and Wave energy variation, through the Computer Processing inverting, reappear the structural images of geologic body inside.The seismic CT instrument all is comprised of seismograph main frame, string, focus and trigger usually, wherein former three is the major part of seismic CT instrument, the function of trigger is the moment in the focus emission, provide a trigger pip to main frame, main frame begins image data, namely is connected the device of seismograph main frame and focus.Seismic CT is applicable to the Rock And Soil Seismic velocity structure, can carry out rock-mass quality classification, delineation structure shatter belt, crack dense band, the anomaly of wave velocity bodies such as karst, dam foundation excavation quality testing and effect of consolidation grouting detection etc.Seismic CT technique adopts cross hole method or single-hole method more at present, and cross hole method namely utilizes adjacent two borings, and from a hole exciting emission, another hole receives, and surveys the method for its P-wave And S velocity of propagation in rock mass; Single-hole method is that the earth's surface applies horizontal impact power near a drilling orifice, and the earth's surface that the placement wave detector is namely commonly used in the hole excites Receiving in the hole.The modes such as focus adopts and to blow out, hammering and electric spark, the application of subway prospecting field earthquake CT method is less, span and the degree of depth are limited, wave detector arrange and receive mode single, can't satisfy the needs of complex-terrain.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of seismic event space exploration method that combines with ground based on boring, solving the middle cross hole method of existing seismic CT technique or the wave detector of single-hole method arranges and the single technical matters of receive mode, can't satisfy the detection needs of complex-terrain, the accurate not technical matters of stratigraphic division.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of seismic event space exploration method that combines with ground based on boring,
Lay simultaneously string in step 3, ground surface and the exploration hole, described string is that a plurality of wave detectors are connected to form, the surface geophone string that ground surface is laid is unidirectional string, the string of laying in the exploration hole is the three-component seismometer string, string all is connected with the data collecting instrument that is positioned at ground, and data collecting instrument is connected with computing machine;
The imaging results of step 5, the seismic CT image that obtains according to computing machine and the seismic CT image ratio on all kinds of typical stratum to after carry out declaring of geological condition and translate.
In the described step 1, the mode of excitation of focus can be that the sparker source generator excites or the hammer artificial excitation.
In the described step 2, the diameter of exploration hole is more than or equal to 90mm, and the external diameter of wall protection pipe is 90mm, and internal diameter is 80mm.
Described sparker source generator is arranged on epicenter excitation place ground surface, the place's of exciting boring, and the sparker source generator connects the electric spark probe by cable, and the electric spark probe is stretched in the hole water filling in the hole.
In the described step 3, the surface geophone string is to be formed by some vertical wave detector serial connections, and the aviation plug of each vertical string all is connected to and forms unidirectional string on the signal cable.
In the described step 3, the three-component seismometer string is to be formed by some single three-component seismometer serial connections, described three-component seismometer comprises three vertical wave detectors, vertically wave detector is orthogonal and make and be wired to aviation plug in twos, pvc pipe middle inside is fixed in casting, the pvc pipe is stamped pipe cap in two ends up and down, pvc manages outer middle side part and is screwed up and down pulley between the both ends, pulley and wall protection pipe inwall are close to, fixing wire rope respectively all on the screw of two halves up and down, the other end of the first half wire rope also is installed with universal hook, adjacent three-component seismometer is concatenated into by universal hook and wire rope and is integrated, described aviation plug is fixed in the pipe cap surface of pvc pipe end, and each aviation plug all is connected to and forms the three-component seismometer string on the signal cable.
The frequency of described vertical wave detector is 100Hz.
In the described step 3, data collecting instrument is the MHHC data collecting instrument.
The external diameter of described pvc pipe is 50mm.
Compared with prior art the present invention has following characteristics and beneficial effect:
The present invention lays string simultaneously with ground in the hole, having overcome the middle cross hole method of existing seismic CT technique or the wave detector of single-hole method arranges and the single technical matters of receive mode, by different algorithm researches, string is arranged, the needs of observation complex-terrain under arbitrarily angled and the position can be realized, complicated terrain prospecting can be adapted to.
The present invention can combine the reflectometry of seismic event with transmission beam method, can obtain detailed stratum parameters,acoustic, can realize the division meticulousr to the stratum.
The present invention fully effectively utilizes original boring, realize the maximization that boring utilizes, utilize exciting or artificial hammering generation seismic event in the sparker source hole, mode by external trigger is synchronized to data collecting instrument simultaneously, receive direct wave or reflection wave by three-component seismometer serial connection in surface geophone string and the hole, and be recorded on the data collecting instrument, utilize computer technology to realize the collection of all kinds of formation informations is translated with declaring, strata division situation between boring is made detailed description, for subway work provides enough formation information and geologic informations.
The present invention can be widely used in the geological mapping of subway engineering and survey.
Description of drawings
The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the embodiment of the invention one.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the embodiment of the invention two.
Fig. 3 is the cross-sectional view of single three-component seismometer among the embodiment one.
Fig. 4 is the cross-section structure signal of wall protection pipe among the embodiment one.
Reference numeral: 1-sparker source generator, the 2-cable, 3-surface geophone string, the 4-data collecting instrument, 5-electric spark probe, 6-is plastid poorly, 7-three-component seismometer string, the 8-bed boundary, the 9-wall protection pipe, the 10-direct wave, the 11-reflection wave, the 12-incident wave, the 13-hammer, the 14-aviation plug, the 15-wire rope, the 16-screw, the 17-pulley, the 18-sensor, the 19-PVC pipe, the 20-pipe cap, 21-aluminium cover, the universal hook of 22-, the 23-guide groove, 24-bankets, the 25-exploration hole, the 26-ground surface, the 27-signal cable.
Embodiment
Embodiment one is referring to shown in Figure 1, a kind of seismic event space exploration method that combines with ground based on boring, and step is as follows:
Lay simultaneously string in step 3, ground surface 26 and the exploration hole 25, described string is that a plurality of wave detectors are connected to form, the surface geophone string 3 that ground surface 26 is laid is unidirectional string, the string of laying in the exploration hole 25 is three-component seismometer string 7, string all is connected with the data collecting instrument 4 that is positioned at ground, described data collecting instrument 4 can be MHHC multi-channel high-accuracy high-speed synchronous signal picker data collecting instrument, and data collecting instrument 4 is connected with computing machine.
The imaging results of step 5, the seismic CT image that obtains according to computing machine and the seismic CT image ratio on all kinds of typical stratum to after carry out declaring of geological condition and translate, can obtain the formation information situation in zone to be measured.
Image declare translate carry out before, by a large amount of indoor, outdoor tests, by reductive analysis, obtain the seismic CT image on all kinds of typical stratum, declare as the stratum accordingly and translate and the foundation of dividing.Image is declared and is translated namely take the seismic CT image as background, and in conjunction with borehole data, Use of Geophysical Data is analyzed the typical collection of illustrative plates on more various stratum, thereby made qualitative, quantitative explanation, and draws formation information figure.
Shown in Fig. 1-2, the surface geophone string 3 in the present embodiment is formed by some vertical wave detector serial connections, and vertically the aviation plug of string all is connected to and forms unidirectional string on the signal cable 27, comprises a sensor 18 in each vertical wave detector.
Referring to shown in Figure 3, three-component seismometer string 7 in the present embodiment is to be formed by some single three-component seismometer serial connections, described three-component seismometer comprises that three frequencies are vertical wave detector of 100Hz, wherein vertical wave detector of using of three-component seismometer namely with surface geophone string 3 in vertical identical sensor 18 in the wave detector, sensor 18 is orthogonal and make and be wired to aviation plug 14 in twos, casting is fixed in pvc and is managed 19 middle inside, the pvc pipe is stamped pipe cap 20 in two ends up and down, pvc manages 19 outer middle side parts and is fixed with pulley 17 by screw 16 between the both ends up and down, the first half is symmetrical arranged two pulleys, the latter half is symmetrical arranged two pulleys, and two parts pulley vertically arranges.Pulley 17 is close to wall protection pipe 9 inwalls, fixing wire rope 15 respectively all on the screw 16 of two halves up and down, the other end of the wire rope 15 of the first half also is installed with universal hook 22, adjacent three-component seismometer is concatenated into by universal hook 22 and wire rope 15 and is integrated, and the bending two ends of wire rope 15 can be used aluminium to overlap 21 fasteningly to go out hanging ring and carry out connection between the element.Described aviation plug 14 is fixed in the pipe cap surface of pvc pipe end, and each aviation plug 14 all is connected to and forms three-component seismometer string 7 on the signal cable 27.
Shown in Fig. 3-4, pvc manages four pulleys 17 is set between 19 outer middle side parts and the end in the present embodiment, and the first half is symmetrical arranged two, and the latter half is symmetrical arranged two, wall protection pipe 9 inboard settings and pulley 17 corresponding guide grooves 23, wall protection pipe 9 outsides are for banketing 24.
Wherein the sparker source generator of the present invention's use generally can be the HX-DHH-03J type, the frequency of sensor 18 is 100Hz, the four-core aviation plug of aviation plug 14 optional IP68, the diameter of screw 16 can be 4mm, it is that 5mm length is the wire rope of 600m that wire rope 15 can be selected diameter, the external diameter of pvc pipe 19 can be 50mm, and diameter 20 and the pvc caliber of pipe cap are complementary, and signal cable 27 is 68 core signal cables.
Different stratum often exists obvious velocity of wave difference and wave form varies, and sound wave transmission method is to utilize the transmission principle of sound wave that underground medium situation is detected, and seismic reflection method is the principle of utilizing the seismic reflection echo method to measure.The seismic event space exploration method that boring combines with ground combines reflectometry with transmission beam method, can obtain detailed stratum parameters,acoustic, these carry the fluctuation information of stratum internal information with reconstruction by analyzing, utilize the computer picture reconstruction technique to draw the space distribution image of formation physical property, can realize the division meticulousr to the stratum.
Referring to shown in Figure 1, underground minute three layers two bed boundaries 8 are arranged, after exciting sparker source generator 1, seismic event sends from electric spark probe 5, seismic event is divided into direct wave 10 and indirect wave, and direct wave uses solid line to represent in the drawings, and indirect wave is that the incident wave 12 among Fig. 1 uses dot-and-dash line to represent, incident wave 12 becomes reflection wave 11 after reflexing on the bed boundary 8, and reflection wave makes and dots.The signal of direct wave 10 and reflection wave 11 is laid simultaneously string and is received in ground surface and the exploration hole, the data collecting instrument 4 that string connects reaches supplemental characteristic computing machine and carries out processing and the imaging of data.
Embodiment two is referring to shown in Figure 2, and the places different from embodiment one are, the mode of excitation of focus are set for using hammer 13 to carry out the artificial excitation in the step 1.
The general process that the data of seismic CT image are processed is as follows:
(1) each channel data check: check the quality of data, pinpointing the problems then needs again to observe;
(2) first arrival is picked up: import location parameter table (the location parameter table is formulated according to acceptance point and the relative position that runs point), and the first break time of picking up each passage, and do data and process;
(3) the average velocity of wave of ray calculates: the average velocity of wave of each ray of primary Calculation, find that average velocity of wave departs from normal range, and analyze the reason that departs from;
(4) forward simulation: according to boring situation and the vertical initial model of ray mean wave run-up, and carry out raypath and theoretical whilst on tour;
(5) Inversion Calculation and imaging: set up travel-time equation, inverting is found the solution and is carried out superposition calculation, and the Velocity model that obtains according to inverting carries out the numeric distribution of the two-dimensional/three-dimensional of velocity of wave, obtains engineering geological profile;
(6) image is declared and translated: take the seismic CT image as background, in conjunction with borehole data, Use of Geophysical Data is analyzed the typical collection of illustrative plates on more various stratum, thereby is made qualitative, quantitative explanation, and draws formation information figure.
The Data Management Analysis system also has and raw data to be carried out the processing capacities such as static and dynamic correction, spherical diffusion, balancing energy, spectrum analysis, bandpass filtering, waveform are level and smooth, wave field separation, diffraction stack, depth shift.
Claims (9)
1. one kind based on the seismic event space exploration method that combines with ground of boring, and it is characterized in that: step is as follows:
Step 1, according to site contour condition to be measured and surrounding enviroment, mode of excitation and the wave detector arrangement mode of focus is set;
Step 2, utilization prospecting are bored and are formed exploration hole (25), installation wall protection pipe (9) in the exploration hole (25);
Lay simultaneously string in step 3, ground surface (26) and the exploration hole (25), described string is that a plurality of wave detectors are connected to form, the surface geophone string (3) that ground surface (26) is laid is unidirectional string, the string of laying in the exploration hole (25) is three-component seismometer string (7), string all is connected with the data collecting instrument that is positioned at ground (4), and data collecting instrument (4) is connected with computing machine;
Step 4, select the detecting parameter of data collecting instrument (4) according to geological condition, explosive source, seismic event is transmitted to ground surface (26) and exploration hole (25) by plastid (6) poorly from focus, the seismic signal that data collecting instrument (4) receives exploration hole and ground surface simultaneously carries out data acquisition, carries out data by computing machine and processes and imaging;
The imaging results of step 5, the seismic CT image that obtains according to computing machine and the seismic CT image ratio on all kinds of typical stratum to after carry out declaring of geological condition and translate.
2. according to claim 1 a kind of based on the seismic event space exploration method that combines with ground of boring, it is characterized in that: in the described step 1, the mode of excitation of focus is that sparker source generator (1) excites or hammer (13) artificial excitation.
3. according to claim 1 a kind of based on the seismic event space exploration method that combines with ground of boring, it is characterized in that: in the described step 2, the diameter of exploration hole (25) is more than or equal to 90mm, and the external diameter of wall protection pipe (9) is 90mm, and internal diameter is 80mm.
4. according to claim 2 a kind of based on the seismic event space exploration method that combines with ground of boring, it is characterized in that: described sparker source generator (1) is arranged on epicenter excitation place ground surface, excite place's boring, sparker source generator (1) connects electric spark probe (5) by cable (2), electric spark probe (5) is stretched in the hole water filling in the hole.
5. according to claim 1 a kind of based on the seismic event space exploration method that combines with ground of boring, it is characterized in that: in the described step 3, surface geophone string (3) is to be formed by some vertical wave detector serial connections, and the aviation plug of each vertical string all is connected to the unidirectional string of the upper composition of signal cable (27).
6. according to claim 1 a kind of based on the seismic event space exploration method that combines with ground of boring, it is characterized in that: in the described step 3, three-component seismometer string (7) is to be formed by some single three-component seismometer serial connections, described three-component seismometer comprises three vertical wave detectors, vertically wave detector is orthogonal and make and be wired to aviation plug (14) in twos, pvc pipe (19) middle inside is fixed in casting, the pvc pipe is stamped pipe cap (20) in two ends up and down, pvc manages (19) outer middle side part and is fixed with pulley (17) by screw (16) between the both ends up and down, pulley (17) is close to wall protection pipe (9) inwall, fixing wire rope (15) respectively all on the screw of two halves (16) up and down, the other end of the first half wire rope (15) also is installed with universal hook (22), adjacent three-component seismometer is concatenated into by universal hook (22) and wire rope (15) and is integrated, described aviation plug (14) is fixed in the pipe cap surface of pvc pipe end, and each aviation plug (14) all is connected to the upper three-component seismometer string (7) that forms of signal cable (27).
7. according to claim 5 or 6 described a kind of based on the seismic event space exploration methods that combine with ground of boring, it is characterized in that: the frequency of described vertical wave detector is 100Hz.
8. according to claim 1 a kind of based on the seismic event space exploration method that combines with ground of boring, it is characterized in that: in the described step 3, data collecting instrument (4) is the MHHC data collecting instrument.
9. according to claim 6 a kind of based on the seismic event space exploration method that combines with ground of boring, it is characterized in that: the external diameter that described pvc manages (19) is 50mm.
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