CN102866417A - Device and method for seismic cross hole computed tomography (CT) detection and tomography of underground cave - Google Patents
Device and method for seismic cross hole computed tomography (CT) detection and tomography of underground cave Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for seismic cross hole computed tomography (CT) detection and tomography of an underground cave. The device comprises a string of detectors, an excitation device, an excitation control system, a first cable, a second cable, a third cable, a fourth cable, a seismograph and a computer. A vertical first drilling hole and a vertical second drilling hole are arranged on ground surface, the plurality of detectors are arranged in the first drilling hole and connected with the seismograph through the first cable, the excitation device is arranged in the second drilling hole, the excitation device can move up and down freely, the excitation device is connected with the excitation control system through the fourth cable, the excitation control system is connected with the seismograph through the second cable, and the seismograph is connected with the computer through the fourth cable. The invention further discloses a method for seismic cross hole CT detection and tomography of the underground cave. The method can detect the underground cave rapidly and effectively.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the field of detecting of underground small-sized solution cavity, particularly hole CT detection and laminated imaging device and method are striden in a kind of underground karst cavity earthquake.
Background technology
Karst is in many-sided engineering geologic investigations such as worker China Democratic National Construction Association, highway, Railway Environment, the situation that usually can run into.Because but corrosion is grown thickly lava surface clint, lapies, uneven; Underground karst cavity has destroyed again Rock Mass Integrality.The variation of karst water dynamic condition makes its top overlying soil produce cracking, depression.Underground karst usually shows with the form on solution cavity, underground gallery, underground underground river, and these all affect the stability of structure foundation to some extent.
Traditional borehole data is difficult to the growth scale, distribution situation to karst etc. makes and rationally estimating accurately, just so that the occurrence probability of some karst region engineering geological problems (seepage, gushing water, surface collapse etc.) greatly increases, increase drill hole density simply and drilling depth be the inevitable survey amount that greatly increases then for this.
Along with geophysical survey (abbreviation physical prospecting) technology progressively is applied to engineering investigation, this difficult problem had obtained solving preferably in recent years, and karst geophysical prospecting method commonly used has:
(1) geologic radar detection method
Ground penetrating radar is utilized ultrahigh frequency short pulse electromagnetic wave propagation characteristic in underground medium, analyzes underground or the inner sightless objective body of works or interphase, positions or differentiates.Because ground penetrating radar is a kind of non-destructive Detection Techniques, the engineering site that can be used for the city and build safely, work Project Areas condition is loose, strong adaptability; The pulse time domain output power of ground penetrating radar is large simultaneously, and anti-electromagnetic interference capability is strong, can work under the various noise circumstances in the city, and the environmental interference impact is little; Have investigation depth and resolution satisfied on the engineering, the scene directly provides real-time section record diagram, and clear picture is directly perceived.
The principle of ground penetrating radar Underground objective body (such as solution cavity etc.) is by high frequency, the very high frequency electromagnetic wave of particular device to underground transmitted form.Frequency electromagnetic waves is with broadband short pulse form, is directed by emitting antenna and sends into undergroundly, returns ground after the stratum through there being electrical property difference or karst (objective body) reflection, received by receiving antenna.Frequency electromagnetic waves is when Propagation, and its travel path, electromagnetic intensity and waveform will change with electrical property feature and the geometric shape by medium.Therefore, by collection, processing and the analysis to time domain waveform, can descend definitely locus and the structure of interphase or karst-geologic body.
Electromagnetic wave when running into the buried target body that has electrical property difference, during such as solution cavity, interphase etc., just electromagnetic wave reflects, is received by receiving antenna when turning back to ground when Propagation.To receive antenna reception to the radar wave basis processing and analyze on, according to the parameters such as the radar waveform that receives, intensity, two-way time just deducibility buried target body locus, structure, electrically reach geometric shape, thereby reach the detection to underground concealed target thing.
Geological radar adopts frequency electromagnetic waves as information carrier, and electromagnetic wave energy is stronger in underground decay, and under thick coverage condition, investigative range (mainly referring on the degree of depth) will be restricted.
(2) high-density electric exploration
High-density electric is a kind of effective engineering geophysical method.The method is to develop from conventional resistivity method, and its principle of work is also substantially identical with conventional resistivity method.It is as the basis take the electrical property difference of Rock And Soil.Apply under the electric field action regularity of distribution of conduction current in the underground Rock And Soil according to it, infer the distribution situation of the geologic body of underground different resistivity.In fact high-density electric is exactly the resistivity of measuring underground various Rock And Soils.Because the resistivity value of measuring is to record in the underground situation that has a multiple Rock And Soil, so be not the true resistivity of a certain rock, it is except the combined influence that is subjected to various rock resistivities, also relevant with concrete conditions such as the distribution of rock, ore (comprising-a little structural factors), electrode spread, so claim that it is apparent resistivity.The factor that determines the apparent resistivity size has: the 1. true resistivity of each rock stratum geologic body; 2. the electrical body actual distribution of underground difference situation (thickness of each electrical body, size and shape, the depth of burying); 3. the mutual alignment of transmitting electrode and potential electrode and with the relative position of inhomogeneous electrical layer.
Data to collection in worksite have been carried out inverting with Inversion Software first, but inversion error is larger, if look like to judge that with inversion chart the tax of geologic body deposits situation, the reliable results degree is lower.When the city proper is surveyed, sometimes electrode can only be arranged on pitch or the concrete road surface, because the conductance on pitch or mixed earth road surface is low-down, directly affected exciting and propagating of electric current, therefore the measurement data that obtains in this case is used for inverting, and effect will be very undesirable.
(3) well ground seismic method
Well ground seismical technique is to adopt ground to excite, lay wave detector in the well, adopt seismograph to accept the mode of detectable signal, ground survey line and any layout, and can arrange the shot point of comparatively dense, focus excites the high-frequency seismic wave except considering to satisfy, and selecting of surface source is simple, and it is high that launching efficiency is wanted.Exciting method commonly used has the modes such as shallow well (less than 1m), instantaneous cap, the little dose explosive of shallow well, weight excite.Also to consider in addition the interference of field condition to surveying, should avoid during actual measurement.
It utilizes seismic event to pass when walking after the geologic body and the physical messages such as change of energy, rebuilds on computers the geologic body internal image, thereby the lithology, cavern and the structure that obtain institute's geologize body distribute.The method image is directly perceived, resolution is high, contain much information, good reliability, overlayer subregion, lithology distributions and the construction features that can clearly reflect institute's survey region, be used for studying the structures such as the tectal distribution of Quaternary system, thickness and buried depth of basement, weathering layering, thickness and substrate joint, fracture, can be used for the aspects such as the superficial part concealed orebody is reconnoitred, geological disaster forecasting, engineering ground evaluation.Simultaneously, the method is implemented simple, and is easy to operate, successful.
Although well ground seismic method easy operating, precision is higher, has too the range limited system of investigation depth and is subjected to ground to disturb more serious problem, and when particularly constructing on road limit, urban district, the impact of running automobile vibration is very important.
From present achievement in research, the CAVE DETECTION technology exists that detection method imperfection, expense are high, the urban district construction is disturbed serious, poor accuracy and the characteristics of the range limited system of detection.Particularly on the investigation depth, along with the development (city underground, market place builet below the ground etc.) of the city underground engineering degree of depth, several detection methods commonly used will be lost ground gradually.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the problem and shortage for above-mentioned prior art exists, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of underground karst cavity earthquake and stride hole CT detection and laminated imaging device and method, can survey fast and effectively underground solution cavity.
Technical scheme: for achieving the above object, the first technical scheme that the present invention adopts is that hole CT detection and laminated imaging device are striden in a kind of underground karst cavity earthquake, comprise a string wave detector, excitational equipment, excite control system, the first cable, the second cable, the 3rd cable, the 4th cable, seismograph and computing machine, be provided with the first vertical boring and the second boring on the earth's surface, described a plurality of wave detector places described the first boring, described wave detector connects seismograph by the first cable, described excitational equipment places described the second boring, but this excitational equipment easy on and off moves, and connect by the 4th cable and to excite control system, the described control system that excites is passed through the second cable connection seismograph, and described seismograph connects computing machine by the 4th cable.
Preferably, the quantity of described wave detector is 12, and dominant frequency is 100Hz.
The level interval of described the first boring and the second boring can be greater than 50 meters.
Preferably, described excitational equipment and wave detector all are positioned at below the underground water table, guarantee the quality of reception of seismic event.
Preferably, the described built-in trigger switch of control system that excites, described trigger switch connects seismograph by the second cable, described when exciting control system to impulse the electric signal of trigger switch reach seismograph by the second cable, described seismograph picks up and records the direct-path signal that wave detector collects by the first cable, seismograph passes through the 4th cable transmission to computing machine with the direct-path signal of record, described computing machine is according to this direct-path signal, when the first break picking ripple is walked and carry out wave velocity C T tomography.
Preferably, the spacing of adjacent described wave detector is 0.5 to 1 meter.
Preferably, described seismograph is shallow layer seismograph, and described computing machine is portable computer, and described excitational equipment is sparker source, and described wave detector is three-component seismometer.
Another kind of technical scheme provided by the invention is that hole CT detection and chromatography imaging method are striden in a kind of underground karst cavity earthquake, comprises the steps:
Step 1: intending search coverage boring, obtaining the first boring and the second boring;
Step 2: a string wave detector is placed in the first boring, and wave detector is connected with seismograph by the first cable;
Step 3: excitational equipment is put into the second boring, but described excitational equipment easy on and off move, and be connected with exciting control system by the 4th cable;
Step 4: the described built-in trigger switch of control system that excites, described trigger switch connects seismograph by the second cable, described when exciting control system to impulse the electric signal of trigger switch reach seismograph by the second cable, described seismograph picks up and records the direct-path signal that wave detector collects by the first cable, and seismograph passes through the 4th cable transmission to computing machine with the direct-path signal of record;
Step 5: when described computing machine is walked according to the direct-path signal first break picking ripple that collects, search coverage is carried out dividing elements, calculate each unit velocity of wave;
Step 6: carry out wave velocity C T tomography, synthetic velocity of wave isogram;
Step 7: according to the anomaly of wave velocity place on the described velocity of wave isogram, judge solution cavity position and solution cavity size.
Preferably, described excitational equipment and wave detector all are positioned at below the underground water table, guarantee the quality of reception of seismic event.
Preferably, in the described step 5, adopt ray casting to calculate each unit velocity of wave.
Beneficial effect: the invention provides a kind of fast, efficient and precision is higher detection of karst cave apparatus and method.Adopt the wave detector of a string 12 dominant frequency 100Hz can be deep into any degree of depth in the boring, be coupled by the water in the hole or mud between wave detector and rock, sparker source is put into boring to be excited, but the degree of depth manual control of sparker source, having overcome in the past, the earth's surface excites the restricted defective of investigation depth.Used seismic event penetration power is strong, excites and the maximum spacing of accepting to hole can reach more than the 50m, compares with the geologic radar detection method, has the advantage of investigative range large (particularly the degree of depth is large).Can calculate fast rock mass velocity in the investigative range by the Matlab program of writing, and draw velocity of wave isogram (tomography), can judge solution cavity position and size.
Sensor adopts general seismoreceiver, and price is low, reusable not fragile.Sensor, seismograph, apparatus such as computer is easy, volume is little, quality is light, easy to carry, and the signal sampling and processing software operation is simple, and result of use is good, sparker source power supply 220V, and general small generator can meet the demands.Can process image data fast in the program that Matlab writes.
Generally can customize wave detector to producer according to the seismograph port number, such as customizable a string 24 wave detectors of 24 road seismographs (the present invention adopts 24 road seismographs, and a string 12 wave detectors are accepted seismic event in the boring), can accelerate speed of detection.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that hole CT detection and laminated imaging device are striden in underground karst cavity earthquake of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is search coverage mesh generation and ray tracing synoptic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the velocity of wave isogram;
Fig. 4 is the solution cavity location drawing.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, further illustrate the present invention, should understand these embodiment only is used for explanation the present invention and is not used in and limits the scope of the invention, after having read the present invention, those skilled in the art all fall within the application's claims limited range to the modification of the various equivalent form of values of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, the specific embodiment of the invention is as follows:
(1) intending search coverage boring (the probing hole that generally can utilize exploration program to arrange, be divided into the first boring the 13 and second boring 14) to desired depth, process doing suitably in holing: the stone that falls in holing is cleared up, to guarantee that wave detector and sparker source can be down to the required degree of depth that reaches.
(2) wave detector is laid: a string wave detector 1-12 is put into the first boring 13, and the wave detector vertical interval meets design requirement, and wave detector is connected with seismograph 19 by the first cable 17.Guarantee that 12 wave detectors all are positioned at below the underground water table, guarantee the quality of reception of seismic event.
(3) focus is laid: sparker source 15 is put into the second boring 14, be connected with exciting control system 16 by the 4th cable 23, but and guarantee that focus can move by easy on and off in boring.The present invention adopts the maximum of boosting can reach the control system that excites of 10000V, and maximum probe (excite, accept) distance (i.e. distance between the second boring the 14 and first boring 13) can reach more than the 50m.
(4) generator 22 is as power supply, connect and excite control system 16, excite control system 16 built-in trigger switches (not shown) to connect seismograph 19 by the second cable 18, the trigger switch electric signal reaches seismograph 19 by the second cable 18 when exciting control system 16 to impulse, seismograph 19 picks up and records the direct-path signal that wave detector collects by the first cable 17, and seismograph 19 passes to the direct-path signal of record on the portable computer 21 by the 3rd cable 20.
(5) according to the seismic signal (being direct-path signal) that collects, when the first break picking ripple is walked.
(6) carry out wave velocity C T tomography:
A. data are processed
According to the ray tracing mode, the imaging square profile is divided into
*
nIndividual little square shaped cells (pixel).Suppose the slowness function
It is a constant in the individual lattice
(
); The
During the walking of bar ray be
(
); The
The bar ray is
Ray in the individual pixel
Length is
Then
The edge
Radon be transformed to
In the formula,
Expression length, then the
The discrete form of the ray traveltime equation of bar ray can be written as:
Namely
(2)
To all
The bar ray can get following matrix equation:
Namely
(4)
In the formula:
-distance matrix;
-slowness vector;
-vector when walking.If can be from the anti-slowness vector that solves of (4) formula
, and each element got its inverse, just obtained velocity vector.
B. imaging
The CT tomography is exactly synthetic velocity of wave isogram of velocity of wave that each pixel is corresponding.The velocity of wave that calculates is considered as the velocity amplitude of each pixel geometric center, these points are adopted rational interpolation means (this adopts the lattice point spline interpolation that carries among the MATLAB), namely set up a space curved surface
With
Cut this curved surface, the curve that intercepts exists
Projection on the face is required velocity of wave isogram.
7, image interpretation
According to anomaly of wave velocity place on the velocity of wave isogram (general Rock Velocity is higher, and solution cavity place velocity of wave is low), determine solution cavity position and solution cavity size.
During implementation, wave detector and sparker source can be in the hole any degree of depth, the solution cavity size of finding when the shot point spacing can be according to advanced exploration is adjusted, solution cavity hour, shot point density can suitably increase, phone spacing also can suitably reduce; When solution cavity was larger, shot point density can reduce, and phone spacing also can increase, the result that general shot point and phone spacing can obtain comparatively to be satisfied with when being 1m.Here said shot point spacing, when being sparker source 15 and in the second boring 14, moving freely, the spacing between adjacent move for twice.
When data processing and decipher, general shot point and wave detector density are larger, and result of calculation is more accurate, and the relatively poor individual channels of signal effect can be rejected, and does not participate in tomography.
Case history:
In Subway Project wherein one section pass through lime rock stratum, grow small-sized solution cavity in this stratum, the solution cavity size is generally tens work points to 2m, the engineering exploration purpose is to understand 20～40 m deep drillings karst developmental states on every side.But rock mass upper caldding layer thickness is generally about 10-20m, adopts geologic radar detection to find, because the electromagnetic wave energy decay is stronger in the thick-covering, investigative range will be restricted, and result of detection is undesirable.Hole CT method is striden in rear employing, and drilling depth is 50m, and spacing is 20-50m.
Stride hole CT result of detection as example take G72 and G73 boring, get between the hole in the rock mass velocity of wave isoline as shown in Figure 3, velocity of wave lower among the figure (aterrimus zone) is the solution cavity position.
Drilling verification solution cavity position as shown in Figure 4, it is basically identical as seen to stride hole CT result of detection and results of drilling, the seismic event receiving orifice among the figure is aforesaid the second boring, the seismic event among the figure excites the hole to be aforesaid the first boring.
Claims (9)
1. hole CT detection and laminated imaging device are striden in a underground karst cavity earthquake, comprise a string wave detector, excitational equipment, excite control system (16), the first cable (17), the second cable (18), the 3rd cable (20), the 4th cable (23), seismograph (19) and computing machine (21), be provided with the first vertical boring (13) and the second boring (14) on the earth's surface, described a plurality of wave detector places described the first boring (13), described wave detector connects seismograph (19) by the first cable (17), described excitational equipment places described the second boring (14), but this excitational equipment easy on and off moves, and connect by the 4th cable (23) and to excite control system (16), the described control system (16) that excites connects seismograph (19) by the second cable (18), and described seismograph (19) connects computing machine (21) by the 4th cable (23).
2. hole CT detection and laminated imaging device are striden in described underground karst cavity earthquake according to claim 1, and it is characterized in that: the quantity of described wave detector is 12.
3. hole CT detection and laminated imaging device are striden in described underground karst cavity earthquake according to claim 1, and it is characterized in that: described excitational equipment and wave detector all are positioned at below the underground water table.
4. hole CT detection and laminated imaging device are striden in described underground karst cavity earthquake according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described built-in trigger switch of control system (16) that excites, described trigger switch connects seismograph (19) by the second cable (18), the described electric signal of control system (16) trigger switch when impulsing that excites reaches seismograph (19) by the second cable (18), described seismograph (19) picks up and records the direct-path signal that wave detector collects by the first cable (17), seismograph (19) is transferred to the direct-path signal of record on the computing machine (21) by the 4th cable (23), described computing machine (21) is according to this direct-path signal, when the first break picking ripple is walked and carry out wave velocity C T tomography.
5. hole CT detection and laminated imaging device are striden in described underground karst cavity earthquake according to claim 1, and it is characterized in that: the spacing of adjacent described wave detector is 0.5 to 1 meter.
6. hole CT detection and laminated imaging device are striden in described underground karst cavity earthquake according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described seismograph (19) is shallow layer seismograph, described computing machine (21) is portable computer, described excitational equipment is sparker source (15), and described wave detector is three-component seismometer.
7. hole CT detection and chromatography imaging method are striden in a underground karst cavity earthquake, comprise the steps:
Step 1: intending search coverage boring, obtaining the first boring (13) and the second boring (14);
Step 2: a string wave detector is placed in the first boring (13), and wave detector is connected with seismograph (19) by the first cable (17);
Step 3: excitational equipment is put into the second boring (14), but described excitational equipment easy on and off move, and be connected with exciting control system (16) by the 4th cable (23);
Step 4: the described built-in trigger switch of control system (16) that excites, described trigger switch connects seismograph (19) by the second cable (18), the described electric signal of control system (16) trigger switch when impulsing that excites reaches seismograph (19) by the second cable (18), described seismograph (19) picks up and records the direct-path signal that wave detector collects by the first cable (17), and seismograph (19) is transferred to the direct-path signal of record on the computing machine (21) by the 4th cable (23);
Step 5: when described computing machine (21) is walked according to the direct-path signal first break picking ripple that collects, search coverage is carried out dividing elements, calculate each unit velocity of wave;
Step 6: carry out wave velocity C T tomography, synthetic velocity of wave isogram;
Step 7: according to the anomaly of wave velocity place on the described velocity of wave isogram, judge solution cavity position and solution cavity size.
8. hole CT detection and chromatography imaging method are striden in described a kind of underground karst cavity earthquake according to claim 7, and it is characterized in that: described excitational equipment and wave detector all are positioned at below the underground water table.
9. hole CT detection and chromatography imaging method are striden in described a kind of underground karst cavity earthquake according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: in the described step 5, adopt ray casting to calculate each unit velocity of wave.
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