CN110068864A - One kind is for detecting tunnel superstratum cavity and uncompacted method - Google Patents
One kind is for detecting tunnel superstratum cavity and uncompacted method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110068864A CN110068864A CN201910474750.5A CN201910474750A CN110068864A CN 110068864 A CN110068864 A CN 110068864A CN 201910474750 A CN201910474750 A CN 201910474750A CN 110068864 A CN110068864 A CN 110068864A
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- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
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- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/30—Analysis
- G01V1/306—Analysis for determining physical properties of the subsurface, e.g. impedance, porosity or attenuation profiles
Abstract
The invention discloses one kind for detecting tunnel superstratum cavity and uncompacted method, this method includes in the tunnel earth's surface position of center line for having excavated and being completed lining cutting, longitudinally one group of geophone is arranged in direction, and carries out seismic data acquisition and record one by one using explosive source；The seismic data of record is extracted by useful signal and reflected P-wave first arrival time is picked up, to be arranged, to obtain reflected P-wave Traveltime data；The subsurface formations speed interval that integrating tunnel lining cutting buried depth and existing geologic information are reflected sets initial inversion speed model, and inverting tomography is carried out when walking to the reflected P-wave of pickup, obtains formation seismic velocity of longitudinal wave section；By analyzing acquired formation seismic velocity of longitudinal wave section, reach the detection to tunnel superstratum cavity and leakiness area.Through the above scheme, simple, ingenious in design, the convenient and fast purpose of test that invention achieves structures, has very high practical value and promotional value.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Tunnel Engineering, Geophysical technique field, in particular, being to be related to one kind for detecting tunnel
Cover stratum cavity and uncompacted method.
Background technique
With urban development, security issues become increasingly urgent in China's subway construction.Build Common Accidents caused by subway
Have: landslide, Adjacent Buildings inclination, underground piping are impaired etc., and wherein surface collapse accident occupies larger proportion, surface collapse tool
There are sudden, complexity and high harmfulness feature, once surface collapse accident occurs, huge economic asset is not only caused to damage
It loses, generates severe social influence, also seriously threaten the life security of the people.
Practice have shown that Shield Method Tunnel for Metro construction or tunneling can generate perturbation action to stratum, and then stratum is caused to generate
Leakiness and cavity, even if using the currently advanced closed shield technique (including synchronous grouting behind shaft or drift lining), it can not be complete
Eliminate influence of the subway work to stratum.It is generated in the main reason for shield construction causes ground settlement or collapses construction
Strata deformation caused by Stratum Loss forms cavity and leakiness, causes Earth cave or collapse.
Empty to subway at present and uncompacted detection is mainly based on engineering drilling and geophysical exploration.For tunnel
Special formation condition, usually integrated application a variety of physical prospecting means detect, and common method has: Ground Penetrating Radar method, electrical method
Probe method, across hole (transmitted wave) tomography etc..Ground Penetrating Radar method and electrical survey (-ing) method all can by the severe jamming of metal,
For the subway work that underground utilities gather, Effect on Detecting is unsatisfactory；Across hole tomography is more mature technology
Means, high resolution, good reliability, image are intuitive but need to carry out by drilling hole, therefore time-consuming and cost of constructing
It is higher.However, leakiness and cavity in the construction environment of city underground pipe-plate lining support form, to section of jurisdiction superstratum
Detection, develops a kind of interference that can effectively avoid the various metals in underground, and compared to across hole tomography, can be reduced and be constructed into
Originally and it is time-consuming, and the method for being able to achieve detection purpose has great importance.The present invention is by reflected P-wave technology, tomography skill
Art is combined with subway work environment, and it is vertical to propose a kind of reflection seismic for tunnel superstratum cavity and leakiness detection
Wave chromatography imaging technique reaches the mesh to tunnel superstratum cavity and leakiness detection by signal reception and target imaging
's.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome above-mentioned deficiency in the prior art, the present invention provides that a kind of structure is simple, ingenious in design, test is convenient
For tunnel superstratum cavity and leakiness detection reflected P-wave chromatography imaging method.
To achieve the goals above, The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:
One kind includes the following steps: for detecting tunnel superstratum cavity and uncompacted method
(S1) in the tunnel earth's surface position of center line for having excavated and being completed lining cutting, longitudinally one group of earthquake is arranged in direction
Wave detector, and seismic data acquisition and record are carried out using explosive source one by one；
(S2) seismic data of record is extracted by useful signal and reflected P-wave first arrival time is picked up, to carry out
It arranges, to obtain reflected P-wave Traveltime data；
(S3) the subsurface formations speed interval that integrating tunnel lining cutting buried depth and existing geologic information are reflected, setting are initial anti-
Rate pattern is drilled, inverting tomography is carried out when walking to the reflected P-wave of pickup, obtains formation seismic velocity of longitudinal wave section；
(S4) by analyzing acquired formation seismic velocity of longitudinal wave section, reach to tunnel superstratum cavity
And the detection in leakiness area.
Further, the specific steps of inverting tomography are realized in the step (S3) are as follows:
(S31) seismic wave of record is filtered, deconvolution processing, while improves signal-to-noise ratio；
(S32) position of the tunnel-liner based on known buried depth depth identifies the reflected P-wave from the tunnel-liner,
It goes forward side by side extraction when walking；
(S33) the subsurface formations speed interval that integrating tunnel lining cutting buried depth and existing geologic information are reflected, setting are initial
Inverse model carries out inversion imaging according to earthquake CT inversion theory when walking using reflected P-wave, obtain the ground of tunnel superstratum
Shake velocity of longitudinal wave section.
Further, specific steps velocity profile analyzed in the step (S4) are as follows:
(S41) global analysis is carried out to velocity profile, determines obvious exceptions area；
(S42) propagation characteristic according to P wave characteristic parameter in the medium determines the defect property of obvious exceptions area；
(S43) the achievement velocity amplitude in velocity profile is combined, each exceptions area is refined and analyzed, determines existing ground
Matter disease and risk；
(S44) according to judging result, risk class division is carried out to each exceptions area.
Further, geophone is equidistantly laid in the tunnel for having excavated and being completed lining cutting in the step (S1)
On earth's surface position of center line.
Further, explosive source is with being equidistantly laid in the tunnel for having excavated and being completed lining cutting in the step (S1)
On table position of center line, wherein the explosive source is using hammering or hypocenter of the explosion.
Specifically, seismic record is recorded by two Dimension Numerical Value mode in the step (S1).
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) present invention carries out epicenter excitation and seismic wave acquisition using earth's surface is covered on tunnel, at corresponding data
Adjustment method obtains the geologic feature map of tunnel to earth surface area, can accurately and effectively detect the unfavorable geology in the region
Body has significant progress, and present inventive concept is unique, ingenious in design, with strong points, easy-to-use, adaptable, test
It is convenient, it has broad application prospects in terms of tunnel superstratum cavity and leakiness detection, is suitble to promote and apply；
(2) present invention directly can carry out the excitation and data acquisition of focus in earth's surface, without additional drilling, powder charge, explosion
And etc. realize test, it is high-efficient, at low cost, and without security risk, effectively reduce detection difficulty of construction, realize efficiently, letter
Just, accurately tunnel superstratum unfavorable geologic body detects；
(3) present invention can effectively avoid the interference of the various metals in underground, and can accurately detect in tunnel superstratum
Empty and uncompacted position, scale etc. can be reduced construction cost and time-consuming and compared to across the hole transmission CT method of tradition.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is system flow chart of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the specific flow chart that inverting tomography is realized in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the specific flow chart analyzed in the present invention velocity profile.
Fig. 4 is the two dimensional cross-section schematic diagram that explosive source and geophone (group) are laid in the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the theoretical velocity of longitudinal wave model of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 6 is that the inversion imaging of the embodiment of the present invention 1 initially sets longitudinal wave illustraton of model.
Fig. 7 is the inversion imaging longitudinal wave result figure of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of the theoretical velocity of longitudinal wave model of the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Fig. 9 is that the inversion imaging of the embodiment of the present invention 2 initially sets longitudinal wave illustraton of model.
Figure 10 is the inversion imaging longitudinal wave result figure of the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Specific embodiment
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples, and embodiments of the present invention include but is not limited to
The following example.
Embodiment
As shown in Figures 1 to 4, this be used for tunnel superstratum cavity and leakiness detection reflection seismic longitudinal wave chromatography at
As technology, include the following steps:
In tunnel central axis superstratum spaced set focal point, recorded using multiple tracks geophone through tunneltron
The seismic wave of sheet built reflection；Wherein, artificial rapping hammer excitation or dynamite source excitation, the focal point can be used in the focal point
Position should be above tunnel central axis, while geophone (group) is equidistantly laid above tunnel central axis.To every
The excitation of one focal point acquires reflection seismic waves by the geophone (group) laid, forms earthquake record, wherein earthquake is remembered
Record is recorded by two Dimension Numerical Value mode.The earthquake record is filtered, the processing such as deconvolution, improves signal-to-noise ratio；Based on known
The position of the tunnel-liner of buried depth depth identifies the reflected P-wave from the tunnel-liner, extraction when walking of going forward side by side；In conjunction with tunnel
The subsurface formations approximate velocity section that road lining cutting buried depth and existing geologic information are reflected, sets initial inverse model, base area
CT inversion theory is shaken, inversion imaging is carried out when walking using reflected P-wave, obtains the P wave velocity profile of tunnel superstratum.
Global analysis is carried out to velocity profile, determines obvious exceptions area；According to seismic wave characteristic parameter propagation characteristic in the medium, according to
Geology prior information determines the defect property of obvious exceptions area；In conjunction with achievement velocity amplitude, each exceptions area is refined and is analyzed,
Determine geological disease that may be present and risk；According to division result, risk is carried out according to serious, general, light to each exceptions area
It is micro- to be divided.
Also, the detection according to the characteristic parameter of the exceptions area to tunnel superstratum cavity and leakiness area, detection
Result should include cavity and leakiness area position distribution and scale.
It can be realized by the process of aforementioned present invention method to tunnel superstratum cavity and uncompacted lossless detection, to spy
The accuracy for surveying result, the present invention also provides the process embodiments of following experiment simulation.Wherein use simulation as shown in Table 1
Major parameter.
Table 1 simulates major parameter
Embodiment 1 carries out inversion imaging to theoretical values model as shown in Figure 5.Model size is in the horizontal direction and vertical
Histogram is to respectively 50m and 50m.To be close with practical geological model, theoretical values model specification is as follows: tunnel superstratum
Buried depth is set as 0m-19.5m；It is respectively provided with tunnel-liner upper and lower interface, wherein burial depth of the boundary is 19.5m- in lining cutting
20.5m, lower burial depth of the boundary are 29.5m-30.5m；Tunnel space layer buried depth is 20.5m-29.5m；Tunnel subterrane layer buried depth
For 30.5m-50m, see Table 1 for details for velocity amplitude set by each layer and density value.Embodiment 1 is model without exception, i.e., covers on tunnel
Stratum is set as uniform dielectric, and velocity amplitude is identical.Focal point, which is located on tunnel, covers earth's surface, and laying 21 spacing altogether is 2.5m；
Geophone is similarly positioned in earth's surface, lays 21 altogether, spacing is 2.5m.
Seismic wave excitation is successively carried out to the model according to the method for the present invention, is gone forward side by side by geophone (group) acquisition data
Row seismic reflection CT inversion imaging, Fig. 6 are carried out the initial model that inverting inputs by the present embodiment, and the initial model is according to
Know that tunnel-liner depth is set as two layers, the first layer depth is 0-19.5m, and velocity of longitudinal wave is set as 2500m/s；Second layer depth
For 19.5-50m, velocity of longitudinal wave is set as 4000m/s.The result characteristic spectrum that inversion imaging obtains is as shown in Figure 7.It can from figure
See, in first layer, i.e. tunnel overlying strata speed is about 2600m/s-2800m/s, and velocity amplitude is evenly distributed, Non Apparent Abnormality area,
It is consistent with theoretical installation model.Result map shown in Fig. 7 is the velocity profile without unfavorable geologic body, in this, as following realities
Test the comparison diagram of embodiment.
Embodiment 2, using as shown in Figure 8 containing empty Exception Model.Model size, dielectric layer distribution, focus and earthquake
Wave detector installation position and quantity are identical as above-described embodiment 1.In addition, being provided with diameter in tunnel superstratum is 2m's
Empty abnormal, which is located at model lateral position 24-26m, lengthwise position 9-11m, set Exception Model longitudinal wave speed
Angle value is 340m/s.
Seismic wave excitation is successively carried out to the model according to the method for the present invention, is gone forward side by side by geophone (group) acquisition data
Row seismic reflection CT inversion imaging, Fig. 9 are carried out the initial model that inverting inputs by the present embodiment, at the beginning of embodiment 1
Beginning input model is consistent, and the result characteristic spectrum that inversion imaging obtains is as shown in Figure 10.It can be seen that in model lateral position
At 25m, lengthwise position 10m, there are obvious low-velocity anomal area in inversion speed result, velocity of longitudinal wave value is about 500m/s, therefore
The deducibility exception is as caused by the cavity of stratum, and diameter is about 3m or so, should be divided into serious risk exception.In detection result
Exceptions area and set theoretical Exception Model position coincide substantially, velocity amplitude is also almost the same, it was demonstrated that detection result
Accuracy and reliability.
According to the verifying of 2 EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLEs, do not reflect the method for the present invention to detection tunnel superstratum cavity and not
The validity and high accuracy of compact zone.
Above-described embodiment is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it is not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention, as long as using
Design principle of the invention, and the non-creative variation worked and made is carried out on this basis, it should belong to of the invention
Within protection scope.
Claims (6)
1. one kind is for detecting tunnel superstratum cavity and uncompacted method, which comprises the steps of:
(S1) in the tunnel earth's surface position of center line for having excavated and being completed lining cutting, longitudinally one group of seismic detection is arranged in direction
Device, and seismic data acquisition and record are carried out using explosive source one by one；
(S2) seismic data of record is extracted by useful signal and reflected P-wave first arrival time is picked up, to carry out whole
Reason, to obtain reflected P-wave Traveltime data；
(S3) the subsurface formations speed interval that integrating tunnel lining cutting buried depth and existing geologic information are reflected sets initial inverting speed
Model is spent, inverting tomography is carried out when walking to the reflected P-wave of pickup, obtains formation seismic velocity of longitudinal wave section；
(S4) by analyzing acquired formation seismic velocity of longitudinal wave section, reach to tunnel superstratum cavity and not
The detection of compact zone.
2. one kind according to claim 2 exists for detecting tunnel superstratum cavity and uncompacted method, feature
In the specific steps of realization inverting tomography in the step (S3) are as follows:
(S31) seismic wave of record is filtered, deconvolution processing, while improves signal-to-noise ratio；
(S32) position of the tunnel-liner based on known buried depth depth identifies the reflected P-wave from the tunnel-liner, goes forward side by side
It is extracted when walking；
(S33) the subsurface formations speed interval that integrating tunnel lining cutting buried depth and existing geologic information are reflected, sets initial inverting
Model carries out inversion imaging according to earthquake CT inversion theory when walking using reflected P-wave, the earthquake for obtaining tunnel superstratum is vertical
Wave velocity section.
3. one kind according to claim 3 exists for detecting tunnel superstratum cavity and uncompacted method, feature
In the specific steps analyzed in the step (S4) velocity profile are as follows:
(S41) global analysis is carried out to velocity profile, determines obvious exceptions area；
(S42) propagation characteristic according to P wave characteristic parameter in the medium determines the defect property of obvious exceptions area；
(S43) the achievement velocity amplitude in velocity profile is combined, each exceptions area is refined and analyzed, determines existing geology disease
Harmful and risk；
(S44) according to judging result, risk class division is carried out to each exceptions area.
4. it is described in any item a kind of for detecting tunnel superstratum cavity and uncompacted method according to claim 1~3,
It is characterized in that, which is characterized in that geophone, which is equidistantly laid in, in the step (S1) has excavated and lining cutting is completed
Tunnel earth's surface position of center line on.
5. one kind according to claim 4 exists for detecting tunnel superstratum cavity and uncompacted method, feature
In explosive source is equidistantly laid in the tunnel earth's surface position of center line for having excavated and being completed lining cutting in the step (S1)
On, wherein the explosive source is using hammering or hypocenter of the explosion.
6. one kind according to claim 5 exists for detecting tunnel superstratum cavity and uncompacted method, feature
In seismic record is recorded by two Dimension Numerical Value mode in the step (S1).
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