CN104977618A - Method for evaluating shale gas reservoir and finding dessert area - Google Patents
Method for evaluating shale gas reservoir and finding dessert area Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for carrying out shale gas reservoir evaluation and finding a dessert area for shale gas exploration and development comprehensively through comprehensive application of rock physics, log data and omnibearing or wide-azimuth three-dimensional seismic data. The method is characterized by analyzing the characteristics of the dessert area in a shale reservoir by applying comprehensive geophysical exploration technologies of laboratory rock geophysical measurement, log data comprehensive analysis, rock physical modeling, vertical seismic section data, omnibearing or wide-azimuth three-dimensional seismic data high precision surface layer comprehensive modeling static correction processing, prestack de-noising processing, amplitude relative fidelity processing, resolution enhancement processing which is carried out by utilizing well constraint and well seismic data to drive ground seismic data, fine excision, iteration velocity analysis, interval velocity field analysis, prestack depth migration processing, high resolution processing, azimuth classification processing, high-precision anisotropy processing, prestack and post-stack data inversion processing, and neural network analysis and the like, and thus gas bearing characteristic prospect of the shale gas reservoir is evaluated accurately and the dessert area for shale gas exploration and development is delineated.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to applied geophysics method of exploration, be a kind of integrated application rock physics, log data, the comprehensive or comprehensive geophysical survey technology such as wide-azimuth 3D seismic data and vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data carry out shale gas evaluating reservoir and find the method in shale gas exploratory development dessert district.
Background technology
Shale gas aboundresources; shale gas exploratory development is expected to alleviate the energy crisis faced; but shale gas is as a kind of hydrocarbon resources; although its Reservoir model is different from conventional gas and oil and hides; exploratory development is in the exploratory stage; mainly concentrate on the aspect researchs such as the Reservoir model of shale gas, geologic feature, the effect of geophysical techniques in shale gas exploratory development need exploitation.Although rock geophysics, geophysical well logging, seismic exploration technique play vital effect in conventional gas and oil exploration, but shale gas reservoir is only concentrated on to the Reservoir model in shale, unique geology characteristic aspect, the rare integrated geophysical investigation for shale gas, geophysical techniques is in marginal state in shale gas exploratory development research.
Focus mostly in basic theory to the research of shale gas at present, applied geophysics data is studied shale gas and is also in the exploratory stage.Li Zhirong etc. are in " south of Sichuan Basin, China shale gas seismic prospecting new development " (gas industry, 2011,31 (4): 40-43) in a literary composition, on the basis that south of Sichuan Basin, China shale interval geology, geophysical response characteristic are analyzed, by seismic data acquisition, process and interpretation technique tackling key problem, define a set of comparatively complete shale gas geophysical survey thinking and techniqueflow, achieve the new development of shale gas seismic prospecting; Qi Baoquan etc. are in " application Using Logging Data To Evaluate south of Sichuan Basin, China shale gas reservoir " (gas industry, 2011,31 (4): 44-47) in a literary composition, by Δ logR approach application in south of Sichuan Basin, China shale gas evaluating reservoir, use the impact of change etc. considering the choosing of overlapping baseline, lithology when factor of porosity and resistivity curve overlay method identification shale gas, explore the well logging interpretation model of shale gas; Luo Rong etc. are in " shale gas logging evaluation and earthquake prediction, monitoring technology are inquired into " (gas industry, 2011,31 (4): 34-39) in a literary composition, for the difference of shale gas and conventional reservoir, inquire into the application of geophysical exploration technology in shale gas exploratory development, and propose the special three-dimensional geophysical survey for shale gas of development, monitoring and development technique; Liu Shuanlian and Lu Huangsheng is in " shale gas logging evaluation technical characterstic and evaluation method are inquired into " (logging technology, 35 (2): 113-116) in a literary composition, start with from investigation North America shale gas successful exploration developing example, on the basis of reservoir geology background research, analyze the Main Differences of shale gas and conventional gas and oil layer Logging Evaluation Method.According to shale gas exploratory development demand, inquire into selection gist and the logging evaluation technology of Chinese shale gas logging suite.The research of the aspect such as shale minerals composition and reservoir structure evaluation, the establishment of standard of shale reservoir, types of fractures identification and rock mechanics parameters evaluation is proposed, the emphasis can evaluated as shale gas logging technology, pay forever strong grade in " shale gas reservoir reservoir fracturing experimental evaluation gordian technique " (gas industry, 2011,31 (4): 51-54) in a literary composition, from Rock Elastic Parameters angle, analysis compared for compact sandstone gas and shale gas reservoir mechanical property feature, for experimental evaluation gordian techniquies such as shale rock brittleness feature and reservoir core susceptibility, carry out a large amount of experimental evaluation research, and carried out comparative analysis with on-the-spot pressure-break height tracer monitoring, ground micro-seismic Fracturing Monitoring result, the exploitation of shale gas is significant, Liu Zhenwu etc. are in " shale gas exploratory development is to the demand of geophysical techniques " (geophysical prospecting for oil, 2011,46 (5): 810-818) in a literary composition, by the demand analysis to shale gas geophysical techniques and the prospect to future development, explicitly point out the gordian technique of geophysical techniques as shale gas evaluating reservoir and storey increase design, will play an important role in shale gas exploratory development, the people such as Nie Xin are at " application of logging technology in shale gas reservoir mechanical property is evaluated " (Journal of Engineering Geophysics, 2012,9 (4): 433-439) in a literary composition, summarize the application of several logging methods such as acoustic imaging, resistivity imaging, array acoustic in the evaluation of shale gas reservoir mechanical property and meaning, and analyze limitation and the applicable elements of various logging method, describe the mechanical property effectively can evaluating shale gas reservoir in conjunction with this several logging method, the people such as Hao Jianfei are in " shale gas geophysical well logging evaluation summary " (Advances in Geophysics, 2012, 27 (4): 1624-1632) in a literary composition, literary composition has carried out literature survey widely for the present situation of the external especially recent shale gas exploratory development of the U.S., the current situation of summary present shale gas Geophysical Logging, for the logging suite of the gas bearing shale that the different phase introduction of exploratory development is commonly used, then shale gas logging response character is summed up, and discuss the important parameter of shale gas reservoir evaluation methods and evaluating reservoir in detail, include exchange carbon content, rock forming mineral component and content, factor of porosity, air content and rock mechanics parameters, shale gas geophysical well logging research Problems existing and development trend are finally proposed.
In sum, in the shale gas exploration carried out at present, only carry out logging well or the application testing of seismic exploration technique souning out, not yet apply the gas-bearing property prospect of comprehensive geophysical survey technological assessment shale gas reservoir and find " the dessert district " of exploratory development shale gas, also how the detailed description of integrated application geophysical exploration technology and detail in unexposed shale gas evaluating reservoir.
Summary of the invention
For problems of the prior art, the invention provides a kind of integrated application rock physics, log data, comprehensive or wide-azimuth 3D seismic data and vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data evaluation shale gas reservoir and find the method in dessert district.
The present invention is realized by following steps:
1) in the core column of all drilling well different buried depth in exploratory area, drill through different directions core column, core column to be vacuumized and to carry out pressurization with the mineralized water identical with rock stratum mineralized water resistivity to it saturated;
Described different directions is, level vertical with attitude of stratum and in angle of 45 degrees.
Described core column is diameter 2.5 cm, length 5 cm.
2) under laboratory simulation underground confined pressure and pore pressure condition, measure saturated after the dynamic and static state elastic parameter of core column, attenuation of elastic wave coefficient, frequency dispersion effect and p-and s-wave velocity coefficient of anisotropy, obtain the conversion relational expression of rock core dynamic and static state elastic modulus, carry out anisotropic rock physical simulation and elastic parameter and calculate and intersection;
According to intersection result, obtain the combination of sensibility elasticity parameter or sensibility elasticity parameter and the corresponding correlationship of shale gas " dessert district " parameter, ask for and predict parameter or the parameter combinations of shale gas " dessert district ";
3) log data of all borings in exploratory area is obtained, correction process is carried out to all log datas in survey district, the factors such as wellhole environment, hole deviation change, the change of well liquid, the change of well temperature and logging instrumentation error of eliminating, on the impact of logging trace, obtain and truly can reflect the optimum logging trace that stratum physical property changes;
Apply many mineralogical analysiss method and core test analytical approach, calculate subterranean minerals composition and content, density of earth formations, compressional wave and shear wave velocity and factor of porosity, and set up the petrophysical model from earth's surface to shaft bottom according to full well section geophysical well logging curve;
Described optimum logging trace be eliminate the change of boring internal diameter, hole deviation change, the change of well liquid, the change of well temperature, logging speed is uneven, subsurface equipment is stuck, after the non-at the uniform velocity rotation of instrument and the factor such as logging instrumentation error, truly can reflect the optimum logging trace that stratum physical property changes.
4) logging trace after correction process is carried out to the replacement perturbation analysis of the attributes such as fluid, factor of porosity, lithology data;
Described perturbation analysis is the corresponding logging trace by obtaining after change resident fluid, factor of porosity or lithology, finds out the Changing Pattern of corresponding logging trace with different fluid, factor of porosity or lithology.
5) utilize optimization logging principle associate(d) matrix method for solving to do mineral constituent analysis to optimum logging trace, obtain content and the regularity of distribution thereof of the mineral in full well section, and calculate the total saturation degree of mineralogical composition and stratum;
Described mineral are the mineral such as clay, kalzit, quartz, pyrite, total content of organic carbon (TOC) and pierite.
Described optimum logging trace is clay mineral curve, volume density curve, stratum uranium content curve, neutron porosity curve, resistivity curve, compressional wave time difference curve and shear wave slowness curve in log data.
6) full well section petrophysical model is set up, the logging trace of the velocity of longitudinal wave predicted according to petrophysical model, shear wave velocity, density, vertical S-wave impedance and Poisson ratio curve and actual measurement is contrasted, to predict with the degree of agreement of measured curve to verify reliability and the rationality of petrophysical model;
7) by step 2) core column dynamic and static state elastic parameter, attenuation of elastic wave coefficient, frequency dispersion effect and the p-and s-wave velocity coefficient of anisotropy measured demarcate the result being calculated by logging trace or predict out;
8) log data is carried out to the rock constituents perturbation analysis of total content of organic carbon, quartz, clay mineral etc.;
Described rock constituents perturbation analysis is the percentage composition by changing different minerals in petrophysical model, calculate corresponding logging trace, according to the size of the logging trace variable quantity calculated, find out the combination of corresponding Mineral change property parameters the most responsive or Sensitive Attributes parameter.
9) multiple attribute intersection is carried out to various reservoir attribute parameter, obtain each attributive character of favourable shale interval according to X plot result, determine predicting shale gas " dessert district " parameter that is associated or parameter combinations;
Described parameter or parameter combinations are the product of elastic modulus, Young's modulus of elasticity, density, shear elasticity, elastic modulus and density, shear elasticity and the sum of products Young's modulus of elasticity of density and the product of density.
10) the full well section petrophysical model utilizing step 6) to set up, obtain artificial earthquake composite traces or the road collection of petrophysical model, carry out well with log data and artificial earthquake composite traces or road collection to shake to demarcate and process, near shale depth of reservoirs, carry out the change of AVO(amplitude geophone offset) and AVA(amplitude azimuthal variation) analysis;
11) comprehensive or wide-azimuth 3D seismic data is gathered in exploratory area;
12) in the well in exploratory area, gather two-dimentional Walkaway VSP(and move geophone offset vertical seismic profiling (VSP)) or three-dimensional VSP (vertical seismic profiling (VSP)) data; Or move geophone offset vertical seismic profiling (VSP) with Three Dimensional Ground geological data synchronous acquisition two dimension Walkaway VSP() or three-dimensional VSP (vertical seismic profiling (VSP)) data;
13) carry out velocity analysis, migration imaging and inverting when walking of well seismometer being arrived from ground according to the degree of depth of well seismometer and seismic event to the two dimension in exploratory area or three-dimensional VSP (vertical seismic profiling (VSP)) data, obtain the anisotropic parameters of formation velocity, earth-attenuation coefficient (Q value) and each formation velocity accurately;
14) or wide-azimuth 3D seismic data comprehensive to ground carries out high precision top layer comprehensive modeling, and deriving static correction values carries out static corrections processing; With vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data-driven process surface seismic data in borehole restraint and well, improve resolution and the precision of surface seismic data, then carry out meticulous excision and iteration speed to calculate, then complete velocity modeling and three dimensional depth migration before stack and three-dimensional pre-stack depth migration imaging process;
Described top layer comprehensive modeling static correction is: static corrections processing, pre-stack noise suppress, amplitude compensation, Q value (earth-attenuation) compensate, surface consistent deconvolution fidelity process relative to predictive deconvolution amplitude.
15) raising resolution processes is carried out to the data after three-dimensional pre-stack depth migration imaging process;
16) with seismic trace high resolution processing method and the high-resolution subsurface reflective information estimating method with fidelity of the imparametrization analysis of spectrum of Corpus--based Method adaptive signal theory, High-resolution Processing is carried out to the data after three-dimensional pre-stack depth migration process.
Described reflective information method of estimation is the process of Corpus--based Method signal adaptive, use nonparametric spectral analysis method and the high-resolution subsurface reflective information estimating method with fidelity, keep to greatest extent original seismic data information and do not lose small geological information in original data prerequisite under, obtain high-resolution complex seismic trace collection.
Described reflective information method of estimation Corpus--based Method signal adaptive process nonparametric spectrum analysis theory, by simulating the statistical nature of interference relatively, carry out stablizing to the reflection amplitudes of different time position adaptively and estimate exactly, thus improve section resolution, widen frequency band, original seismic data information can be kept to greatest extent and do not lose small geological information in original data, obtaining the high-resolution complex seismic trace collection of fidelity.
17) the accurate buried depth of shale reservoir, thickness, occurrence and planar distribution is extracted from three-dimension high-resolution seismic data;
18) inversion of three dimensional high resolving power post-stack seismic data is to obtain the seismic attributes data body of post-stack inversion, for explaining tomography and crack;
19) relevant and association attributes (similarity, eigenvalue similarity) inclination angle is utilized and inclination angle orientation characteristics, minimax curvature, positive curvature and negative curvature attribute describe and the Distribution Characteristics of Characterization of subsurface tomography, crack, crack and tectonic boundary;
20) KSOM(is utilized without supervision self-adaptation statistical model) neural computing method, by nonlinear way automatic phasing dryness, minimum and maximum curvature, curvature morphological indices, 6 attribute such as instantaneous inclination angle and orientation, inclination angle are classified, and carry out seismic phase body definitely, set up Earthquake Faulting phase according to the distribution characteristics of fracture density, draw tomography and zone of fracture distributed data body, be used for characterizing seismic facies anomalous body and slit band;
21) poststack attribute data is utilized to carry out automatic tomography pickup;
Described tomography pickup automatically calculates section based on coherent body, eigenvalue similarity or curvature body, determines macroscopic fracture and minor fault.
22) carry out the optimization of pre-stack seismic road collection, denoising, stretching correction and even up process;
23) the elliptical velocity inverting of earthquake data before superposition is carried out, simultaneously according to change and the difference of interval velocity in shale reservoir, stressor layer the higher-pressure region of drawing a circle to approve in shale reservoir definitely;
Described elliptical velocity inverting is to RMS(root-mean-square value) the bearing data body of speed carries out elliptical velocity analysis, obtains fracture strike orientation and compressional wave anisotropic parameters.
24) the AVO(amplitude geophone offset change of three-dimensional earthquake data before superposition is carried out) and compressional wave shear wave synchronous waves Impedance Inversion;
Described compressional wave shear wave synchronous waves Impedance Inversion calculates the change of AVO(amplitude geophone offset) gradient attribute, and invert angle superposition seismic data, synchronously obtain p-wave impedance, S-wave impedance and other derivation resilient property, particularly λ ρ (product of elastic modulus and density, μ ρ (product of shear elasticity and density), E ρ (product of Young's modulus of elasticity and density).
25) elliptic inverse of the anisotropic parameters of three-dimensional earthquake data before superposition is carried out;
Described elliptic inverse is that azimuthal gradient and speed do elliptic inverse, to obtain Thomson (Thomsen) parameter.Converted by rock physics, by the geomechanics anisotropic parameters of layer for the purpose of Thomson Parameter Switch, as Young's modulus of elasticity, Poisson ratio etc.;
26) elliptic inverse of the elastic modulus λ ρ (product of elastic modulus and density) of earthquake data before superposition, μ ρ (product of shear elasticity and density), E ρ (product of Young's modulus of elasticity and density) is carried out, obtain anisotropic elasticity modulus, by Rock physical analysis, anisotropic elasticity modulus is converted to the reservoir parameter of zone of interest;
Described reservoir parameter is rock brittleness, lithology, factor of porosity, fluid, total organic carbon (TOC) content etc.
27) to associating geologic interpretation and the demarcation of the seismic properties in various sign tomography and crack;
Described associating geologic interpretation and demarcation reservoir petrologic characteristic parameter body log calibration, crack pit shaft imaging data and/or core analyzing data are demarcated, large scale tomography and microcosmic tomography pressure break micro-seismic monitoring achievement and pit shaft imaging data are demarcated, and stress anisotropy pressure break micro-seismic monitoring achievement is carried out local and demarcated.Namely calibration process contrasts with calculated value and measured result, finds out difference value between the two or related coefficient, then calculated value is carried out to correction or the correction of system, consistent with measurement result to ensure at the calculated value of local, underground eyeball.
28) according to shale bed fracture development status, the possibility of possible completion formation damage district and fracturing liquid interference offset well is determined;
29) according to step 2) the conversion relational expression of rock core dynamic and static state elastic modulus, the dynamic modulus of elasticity that the Anisotropic elastic wave Simultaneous Retrieving of three-dimensional earthquake data before superposition obtains is converted to static modulus of elasticity;
30) utilize the correlativity of static modulus of elasticity and rock brittleness, determine fragility (can the disruptiveness) regularity of distribution and the feature of shale reservoir, the completion of optimum level well and design of hydraulic fracturing scheme;
The completion of described optimum level well and design of hydraulic fracturing scheme be horizontal well is laid in fragility higher and be easy to pressure break containing in the shale of high total organic carbon, and the spacing of each fracturing section of optimal design.
31) utilize static modulus of elasticity or derive from the regularity of distribution of static modulus of elasticity in shale reservoir, determine the Brittleness of shale reservoir, obtain orientation and the intensity of stress partly, determine shale reservoir interrupting layer, the azimuth tendency in crack and crack and dense degree, draw a circle to approve and predict high total organic carbon (TOC) content in shale reservoir and the high formation pressure district in shale reservoir;
32) the various favourable parameters of the comprehensive shale gas reservoir obtained, in conjunction with the accurate buried depth of shale reservoir, thickness, occurrence and planar distribution, obtain the gas-bearing property prospect of shale gas reservoir and draw a circle to approve " the dessert district " of shale gas exploratory development.
Described favourable parameters, includes but not limited to that the fragility of the high total content of organic carbon of shale, shale reservoir, tomography, crack and the orientation in crack and the orientation of density, partly stress and intensity, partial high pressure district and factor of porosity distribute.
The present invention can analyze the relation between reservoir parameter and rock geophysical property, accurately determine the accurate buried depth of shale reservoir, thickness, occurrence and planar distribution, evaluate the distribution of total content of organic carbon or abundance of organic matter in shale gas reservoir exactly, the development degree in fault fissure crack in prediction exploratory area, the both macro and micro intensity azimuth distribution rule of terrestrial stress, calculate fragility and the toughness characteristics on stratum, local pressure exceptions area and factor of porosity distribution in prediction shale reservoir, the gas-bearing property prospect of comprehensive evaluation shale gas reservoir also draws a circle to approve " the dessert district " of shale gas exploratory development, Comprehensive Geophysics achievement is utilized to carry out design and the Fracturing Project optimization of horizontal well path, for shale gas extensive exploration and successfully exploitation important geophysics achievement is provided.
The present invention is according to the accurate buried depth of shale reservoir, thickness, occurrence, planar distribution, TOC(total content of organic carbon) or the feature such as the distribution of abundance of organic matter, the development degree equal strength azimuth distribution rule in fault fissure crack, gas-bearing property prospect and prediction " dessert district " distribution of shale gas reservoir can be evaluated, instruct design and the Fracturing Project optimization of shale gas horizontal well path, the extensive exploration and development for shale gas provides important geophysical techniques guarantee.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is schematic flow sheet of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
The present invention forms primarily of following concrete steps:
The present invention is realized by following steps, as shown in Figure 1:
1) in the core column of all drilling well different buried depth in exploratory area, drill through different directions core column, core column to be vacuumized and to carry out pressurization with the mineralized water identical with rock stratum mineralized water resistivity to it saturated.Different directions is, level vertical with attitude of stratum and in angle of 45 degrees, and core column is diameter 2.5 cm, length 5 cm.
2) under laboratory simulation underground confined pressure and pore pressure condition, measure saturated after the dynamic and static state elastic parameter of core column, attenuation of elastic wave coefficient, frequency dispersion effect and compressional wave shear wave velocity coefficient of anisotropy, obtain the conversion relational expression of rock core dynamic and static state elastic modulus, carry out anisotropic rock physical simulation and elastic parameter and calculate and intersection.According to intersection result, obtain the combination of sensibility elasticity parameter or sensibility elasticity parameter and the corresponding correlationship of shale gas " dessert district " parameter, ask for and predict parameter or the parameter combinations of shale gas " dessert district ".
Step 1) and 2) be the mensuration of rock core dynamic and static state elastic parameter and the analytical calculation in left side in Fig. 1.
3) log data of all borings in exploratory area is obtained, correction process is carried out to all log datas in survey district, the factors such as wellhole environment, hole deviation change, the change of well liquid, the change of well temperature and logging instrumentation error of eliminating, on the impact of logging trace, obtain and truly can reflect the optimum logging trace that stratum physical property changes.Apply many mineralogical analysiss method and core test analytical approach, calculate subterranean minerals composition and content, density of earth formations, compressional wave shear wave velocity and factor of porosity, and set up the petrophysical model from earth's surface to shaft bottom according to full well section geophysical well logging curve.Optimum logging trace is the change of elimination boring internal diameter, hole deviation changes, well liquid changes, well temperature changes, logging speed is uneven, subsurface equipment is stuck, instrument is non-at the uniform velocity rotates and after logging instrumentation error component, truly can reflect the optimum logging trace that stratum physical property changes.
4) logging trace after correction process is carried out to the replacement disturbance of attribute of fluid, factor of porosity, lithology data
analyze.perturbation analysis is the corresponding logging trace by obtaining after change resident fluid, factor of porosity or lithology, finds out the Changing Pattern of corresponding logging trace with different fluid, factor of porosity or lithology.
5) utilize optimization logging principle associate(d) matrix method for solving to do mineral constituent analysis to optimum logging trace, obtain content and the regularity of distribution thereof of the mineral in full well section, and calculate the total saturation degree of mineralogical composition and stratum.Mineral are the mineral such as clay, kalzit, quartz, pyrite, total content of organic carbon (TOC) and pierite.Optimum logging trace is clay mineral curve, volume density curve, stratum uranium content curve, neutron porosity curve, resistivity curve, compressional wave time difference curve and shear wave slowness curve in log data.
6) full well section petrophysical model is set up, the logging trace of the velocity of longitudinal wave predicted according to petrophysical model, shear wave velocity, density, vertical S-wave impedance and Poisson ratio curve and actual measurement is contrasted, to predict with the degree of agreement of measured curve to verify reliability and the rationality of petrophysical model.
7) by step 2) core column dynamic and static state elastic parameter, attenuation of elastic wave coefficient, frequency dispersion effect and the p-and s-wave velocity coefficient of anisotropy measured demarcate the result being calculated by logging trace or predict out.
8) log data is carried out to the rock constituents perturbation analysis of total content of organic carbon, quartz, clay mineral etc.Rock constituents perturbation analysis is the percentage composition by changing different minerals in petrophysical model, calculate corresponding logging trace, according to the size of the logging trace variable quantity calculated, find out the combination of corresponding Mineral change property parameters the most responsive or Sensitive Attributes parameter.
9) multiple attribute intersection is carried out to various reservoir attribute parameter, obtain each attributive character of favourable shale interval according to X plot result, determine predicting shale gas " dessert district " parameter that is associated or parameter combinations.Parameter or parameter combinations are the product of elastic modulus, Young's modulus of elasticity, density, shear elasticity, elastic modulus and density, shear elasticity and the sum of products Young's modulus of elasticity of density and the product of density.
10) the full well section petrophysical model utilizing step 6) to set up, obtain artificial earthquake composite traces or the road collection of petrophysical model, carry out well with log data and artificial earthquake composite traces or road collection to shake to demarcate and process, near shale depth of reservoirs, carry out the change of AVO(amplitude geophone offset) and AVA(amplitude azimuthal variation) analysis.
Step 3) to step 10) be in Fig. 1, log data is corrected, mineral constituent calculating, geophysical logging data analysis and rock physics modeling, rock constituents and attribute replace the work such as perturbation analysis, artificial earthquake composite traces and AVO/AVA road set analysis.
11) comprehensive or wide-azimuth 3D seismic data is gathered in exploratory area.
12) in the well in exploratory area, gather two-dimentional Walkaway VSP(and move geophone offset vertical seismic profiling (VSP)) or three-dimensional VSP (vertical seismic profiling (VSP)) data; Or move geophone offset vertical seismic profiling (VSP) with Three Dimensional Ground geological data synchronous acquisition two dimension Walkaway VSP() or three-dimensional VSP (vertical seismic profiling (VSP)) data.
13) carry out velocity analysis, migration imaging and inverting when walking of well seismometer being arrived from ground according to the degree of depth of well seismometer and seismic event to the two dimension in exploratory area or three-dimensional VSP (vertical seismic profiling (VSP)) data, obtain the anisotropic parameters of formation velocity, earth-attenuation coefficient (Q value) and each formation velocity accurately.
14) or wide-azimuth 3D seismic data comprehensive to ground carries out high precision top layer comprehensive modeling, and deriving static correction values carries out static corrections processing; With vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data-driven process surface seismic data in borehole restraint and well, improve resolution and the precision of surface seismic data, then carry out meticulous excision and iteration speed to calculate, then complete velocity modeling and three dimensional depth migration before stack and three-dimensional pre-stack depth migration imaging process.Top layer comprehensive modeling static correction is: static corrections processing, pre-stack noise suppress, amplitude compensation, Q value (earth-attenuation) compensate, surface consistent deconvolution fidelity process relative to predictive deconvolution amplitude.
Step 11) is gather comprehensive or wide-azimuth 3D seismic data and two-dimensional movement geophone offset vertical seismic profiling (VSP) or three-dimensional perpendicular seismic section data to step 14), and carry out vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data process and with vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data-driven process surface seismic data process in borehole restraint and well.
15) raising resolution processes is carried out to the data after three-dimensional pre-stack depth migration imaging process.
16) with seismic trace high resolution processing method and the high-resolution subsurface reflective information estimating method with fidelity of the imparametrization analysis of spectrum of Corpus--based Method adaptive signal theory, High-resolution Processing is carried out to the data after three-dimensional pre-stack depth migration process.Reflective information method of estimation is the process of Corpus--based Method signal adaptive, use nonparametric spectral analysis method and the high-resolution subsurface reflective information estimating method with fidelity, keep to greatest extent original seismic data information and do not lose small geological information in original data prerequisite under, obtain high-resolution complex seismic trace collection.Reflective information method of estimation Corpus--based Method signal adaptive process nonparametric spectrum analysis theory, by simulating the statistical nature of interference relatively, carry out stablizing to the reflection amplitudes of different time position adaptively and estimate exactly, thus improve section resolution, widen frequency band, original seismic data information can be kept to greatest extent and do not lose small geological information in original data, obtaining the high-resolution complex seismic trace collection of fidelity.
17) the accurate buried depth of shale reservoir, thickness, occurrence and planar distribution is extracted from three-dimension high-resolution seismic data.
Step 15) is to step 17) be to three-dimensional pre-stack depth migration imaging process after data carry out improving resolution processes and carrying out the structure elucidation of shale reservoir, extract the information such as the accurate buried depth of shale reservoir, thickness, occurrence and planar distribution.
18) inversion of three dimensional high resolving power post-stack seismic data is to obtain the seismic attributes data body of post-stack inversion, for explaining tomography and crack.
19) relevant and association attributes (similarity, eigenvalue similarity) inclination angle is utilized and inclination angle orientation characteristics, minimax curvature, positive curvature and negative curvature attribute describe and the Distribution Characteristics of Characterization of subsurface tomography, crack, crack and tectonic boundary.
20) KSOM(is utilized without supervision self-adaptation statistical model) neural computing method, by nonlinear way automatic phasing dryness, minimum and maximum curvature, curvature morphological indices, 6 attribute such as instantaneous inclination angle and orientation, inclination angle are classified, and carry out seismic phase body definitely, set up Earthquake Faulting phase according to the distribution characteristics of fracture density, draw tomography and zone of fracture distributed data body, be used for characterizing seismic facies anomalous body and slit band.
21) poststack attribute data is utilized to carry out automatic tomography pickup.Tomography pickup automatically calculates section based on coherent body, eigenvalue similarity or curvature body, determines macroscopic fracture and minor fault.
Step 18) to step 21) be that inversion procedure is carried out, neural computing to three-dimension high-resolution post-stack seismic data, then obtain the Distribution Characteristics of subsurface fault, crack, crack and tectonic boundary.
22) carry out the optimization of pre-stack seismic road collection, denoising, stretching correction and even up process.Comprise the treatment steps such as a point azimuthal velocity analysis, point orientation, point angle and full angle superposition.
23) the elliptical velocity inverting of earthquake data before superposition is carried out, simultaneously according to change and the difference of interval velocity in shale reservoir, stressor layer the higher-pressure region of drawing a circle to approve in shale reservoir definitely.Described elliptical velocity inverting is to RMS(root-mean-square value) the bearing data body of speed carries out elliptical velocity analysis, obtains fracture strike orientation and compressional wave anisotropic parameters.
24) the AVO(amplitude geophone offset change of three-dimensional earthquake data before superposition is carried out) and ripple synchronous waves Impedance Inversion in length and breadth.Compressional wave shear wave synchronous waves Impedance Inversion calculates the change of AVO(amplitude geophone offset) gradient attribute, and invert angle superposition seismic data, synchronously obtain p-wave impedance, S-wave impedance and other derivation resilient property, particularly λ ρ (product of elastic modulus and density, μ ρ (product of shear elasticity and density), E ρ (product of Young's modulus of elasticity and density).
25) elliptic inverse of the anisotropic parameters of three-dimensional earthquake data before superposition is carried out.Elliptic inverse is that azimuthal gradient and speed do elliptic inverse, to obtain Thomson (Thomsen) parameter, is converted by rock physics, by the geomechanics anisotropy parameter of layer for the purpose of Thomson Parameter Switch, as Young's modulus of elasticity, Poisson ratio.
26) elliptic inverse of the elastic modulus of earthquake data before superposition, λ ρ (product of elastic modulus and density), μ ρ (product of shear elasticity and density), E ρ (product of Young's modulus of elasticity and density) is carried out, obtain anisotropic elasticity modulus, by Rock physical analysis, anisotropic elasticity modulus is converted to the reservoir parameter of zone of interest.Reservoir parameter is rock brittleness, lithology, factor of porosity, fluid, total organic carbon (TOC) content etc.
Step 22) to step 26) be pre-stack seismic road collection is optimized, denoising, stretching correct and even up process, then inversion procedure is carried out, elastic modulus inverting obtained is converted to the reservoir parameter of zone of interest, as rock brittleness, lithology, factor of porosity, fluid, total organic carbon (TOC) content etc.
27) to associating geologic interpretation and the demarcation of the seismic properties in various sign tomography and crack.Associating geologic interpretation and demarcation reservoir petrologic characteristic parameter body log calibration, crack pit shaft imaging data and/or core analyzing data are demarcated, large scale tomography and microcosmic tomography pressure break micro-seismic monitoring achievement and pit shaft imaging data are demarcated, and stress anisotropy pressure break micro-seismic monitoring achievement is carried out local and demarcated.Namely calibration process contrasts with calculated value and measured result, finds out difference value between the two or related coefficient, then calculated value is carried out to correction or the correction of system, consistent with measurement result to ensure at the calculated value of local, underground eyeball.
28) according to shale bed fracture development status, the possibility of possible completion formation damage district and fracturing liquid interference offset well is determined.
29) according to step 2) the conversion relational expression of rock core dynamic and static state elastic modulus, the dynamic modulus of elasticity that the Anisotropic elastic wave Simultaneous Retrieving of three-dimensional earthquake data before superposition obtains is converted to static modulus of elasticity.
30) utilize the correlativity of static modulus of elasticity and rock brittleness, determine fragility (can the disruptiveness) regularity of distribution and the feature of shale reservoir, the completion of optimum level well and design of hydraulic fracturing scheme.The completion of optimum level well and design of hydraulic fracturing scheme be horizontal well is laid in fragility higher and be easy to pressure break containing in the shale of high total organic carbon, and the spacing of each fracturing section of optimal design.
31) utilize static modulus of elasticity or derive from the regularity of distribution of static modulus of elasticity in shale reservoir, determine the Brittleness of shale reservoir, obtain orientation and the intensity of stress partly, determine shale reservoir interrupting layer, the azimuth tendency in crack and crack and dense degree, draw a circle to approve and predict high total organic carbon (TOC) content in shale reservoir and the high formation pressure district in shale reservoir.
32) the various favourable parameters of the comprehensive shale gas reservoir obtained, in conjunction with the accurate buried depth of shale reservoir, thickness, occurrence and planar distribution, obtain the gas-bearing property prospect of shale gas reservoir and draw a circle to approve " the dessert district " of shale gas exploratory development.
Step 27) to step 32) be associating geologic interpretation to the seismic properties in various sign tomography and crack and demarcation.And the various favourable parameters of the shale gas reservoir of shale gas reservoir are obtained by integrated interpretation, finally determine gas-bearing property prospect and draw a circle to approve " dessert district " (quantitative test flow process see below Fig. 1) of shale gas exploratory development.
Claims (20)
1. evaluate the method in shale gas reservoir and searching dessert district, feature is realized by following steps:
1) in the core column of all drilling well different buried depth in exploratory area, drill through different directions core column, core column to be vacuumized and to carry out pressurization with the mineralized water identical with rock stratum mineralized water resistivity to it saturated;
2) under laboratory simulation underground confined pressure and pore pressure condition, measure saturated after the dynamic and static state elastic parameter of core column, attenuation of elastic wave coefficient, frequency dispersion effect and p-and s-wave velocity coefficient of anisotropy, obtain the conversion relational expression of rock core dynamic and static state elastic modulus, carry out anisotropic rock physical simulation and elastic parameter and calculate and intersection;
According to intersection result, obtain the combination of sensibility elasticity parameter or sensibility elasticity parameter and the corresponding correlationship of shale gas dessert district parameter, ask for and predict parameter or the parameter combinations in shale gas dessert district;
3) log data of all borings in exploratory area is obtained, correction process is carried out to the log data surveyed in district, the factors such as wellhole environment, hole deviation change, the change of well liquid, the change of well temperature and logging instrumentation error of eliminating, on the impact of logging trace, obtain and truly can reflect the optimum logging trace that stratum physical property changes;
Apply many mineralogical analysiss method and core test analytical approach, calculate subterranean minerals composition and content, density of earth formations, p-and s-wave velocity and factor of porosity, and set up the lithology/petrophysical model from earth's surface to shaft bottom according to full well section geophysical well logging curve;
4) logging trace after correction process is carried out to the attributes such as fluid, factor of porosity, lithology data and replace perturbation analysis;
5) utilize optimization logging principle associate(d) matrix method for solving to do mineral constituent analysis to optimum logging trace, obtain content and the regularity of distribution thereof of the mineral in full well section, and calculate the total saturation degree of mineralogical composition and stratum;
6) full well section rock lithology/stone physical model is set up, the logging trace of the velocity of longitudinal wave predicted according to petrophysical model, shear wave velocity, density, compressional wave and S-wave impedance and Poisson ratio curve and actual measurement is contrasted, to predict with the degree of agreement of measured curve to verify reliability and the rationality of lithology/petrophysical model;
7) by step 2) core column dynamic and static state elastic parameter, attenuation of elastic wave coefficient, frequency dispersion effect and the p-and s-wave velocity coefficient of anisotropy measured demarcate the result being calculated by logging trace or predict out;
8) log data is carried out to the rock constituents perturbation analysis of total content of organic carbon, quartz, clay mineral etc.;
9) multiple attribute intersection is carried out to various reservoir attribute parameter, obtain each attributive character of favourable shale interval according to X plot result, the parameter determining to may be used for predict that shale gas dessert district is associated or parameter combinations;
10) the full well section petrophysical model utilizing step 6) to set up, obtain artificial earthquake composite traces or the road collection of petrophysical model, carry out well with log data and artificial earthquake composite traces or road collection to shake to demarcate and process, near shale depth of reservoirs, carry out the change of amplitude geophone offset and the analysis of amplitude azimuthal variation;
11) comprehensive or wide-azimuth 3D seismic data is gathered in exploratory area;
12) in the well in exploratory area, gather two-dimensional movement geophone offset vertical seismic profiling (VSP) or three-dimensional perpendicular seismic section data; Or with Three Dimensional Ground geological data synchronous acquisition two-dimensional movement geophone offset vertical seismic profiling (VSP) or three-dimensional perpendicular seismic section data;
13) carry out velocity analysis, migration imaging and inverting when walking of well seismometer being arrived from ground according to the degree of depth of well seismometer and seismic event to the two dimension in exploratory area or three-dimensional perpendicular seismic section data, obtain the anisotropic parameters of formation velocity, earth-attenuation coefficient and each formation velocity accurately;
14) or wide-azimuth 3D seismic data comprehensive to ground carries out high precision top layer comprehensive modeling, and deriving static correction values carries out static corrections processing; With vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data-driven process surface seismic data in borehole restraint and well, improve resolution and the precision of surface seismic data, then carry out meticulous excision and iteration speed to calculate, then complete velocity modeling and three dimensional depth migration before stack and three-dimensional pre-stack depth migration imaging process;
15) raising resolution processes is carried out to the data after three-dimensional pre-stack depth migration imaging process;
16) with seismic trace high resolution processing method and the high-resolution subsurface reflective information estimating method with fidelity of the imparametrization analysis of spectrum of Corpus--based Method adaptive signal theory, High-resolution Processing is carried out to the data after three-dimensional pre-stack depth migration process.
17) the accurate buried depth of shale reservoir, thickness, occurrence and planar distribution is extracted from three-dimension high-resolution seismic data;
18) inversion of three dimensional high resolving power post-stack seismic data is to obtain the seismic attributes data body of post-stack inversion, for explaining tomography and crack;
19) utilize relevant and association attributes inclination angle and inclination angle orientation characteristics, minimax curvature, positive curvature and negative curvature attribute etc. describe and the Distribution Characteristics of Characterization of subsurface tomography, crack, crack and tectonic boundary;
20) utilize without supervision self-adaptation statistical model neural computing method, by nonlinear way automatic phasing dryness, minimum and maximum curvature, curvature morphological indices, the attributes such as instantaneous inclination angle and orientation, inclination angle are classified, and carry out seismic phase body definitely, set up Earthquake Faulting phase according to the distribution characteristics of fracture density, draw tomography and zone of fracture distributed data body, be used for characterizing seismic facies anomalous body and slit band;
21) poststack attribute data is utilized to carry out automatic tomography pickup;
22) carry out the optimization of pre-stack seismic road collection, denoising, stretching correction and even up process;
23) the elliptical velocity inverting of earthquake data before superposition is carried out, simultaneously according to change and the difference of interval velocity in shale reservoir, stressor layer the higher-pressure region of drawing a circle to approve in shale reservoir definitely;
24) the amplitude geophone offset change of three-dimensional earthquake data before superposition and ripple synchronous waves Impedance Inversion is in length and breadth carried out;
25) elliptic inverse of the anisotropic parameters of three-dimensional earthquake data before superposition is carried out;
26) carry out the elliptic inverse of the elastic modulus of earthquake data before superposition, obtain anisotropic elasticity modulus, by Rock physical analysis, anisotropic elasticity modulus is converted to the reservoir parameter of zone of interest;
27) to associating geologic interpretation and the demarcation of the seismic properties in various sign tomography and crack;
28) according to shale bed fracture development status, the possibility of possible completion formation damage district and fracturing liquid interference offset well is determined;
29) according to step 2) the conversion relational expression of rock core dynamic and static state elastic modulus, the dynamic modulus of elasticity that the Anisotropic elastic wave Simultaneous Retrieving of three-dimensional earthquake data before superposition obtains is converted to static modulus of elasticity;
30) utilize the correlativity of static modulus of elasticity and rock brittleness, determine the fragility regularity of distribution and the feature of shale reservoir, the completion of optimum level well and design of hydraulic fracturing scheme;
31) utilize static modulus of elasticity or derive from the regularity of distribution of static modulus of elasticity in shale reservoir, determine the Brittleness of shale reservoir, obtain orientation and the intensity of stress partly, determine shale reservoir interrupting layer, the azimuth tendency in crack and crack and dense degree, predict and draw a circle to approve the high total content of organic carbon in shale reservoir and the high formation pressure district in shale reservoir;
32) the various favourable parameters of the comprehensive shale gas reservoir obtained, in conjunction with the accurate buried depth of shale reservoir, thickness, occurrence and planar distribution, obtain the gas-bearing property prospect of shale gas reservoir and draw a circle to approve the dessert district of shale gas exploratory development.
2. method according to claim 1, that to be the different directions described in step 1) be feature is vertical with attitude of stratum, level and in angle of 45 degrees.
3. method according to claim 1, feature is the core column described in step 1) is diameter 2.5 centimetres, length 5 centimetres.
4. method according to claim 1, to be the optimum logging trace described in step 3) is feature eliminates the change of boring internal diameter, hole deviation change, the change of well liquid, the change of well temperature, logging speed is uneven, subsurface equipment is stuck, after the non-factor such as at the uniform velocity rotation and logging instrumentation error etc. of instrument, truly can reflect the optimum logging trace that stratum physical property changes.
5. method according to claim 1, the feature corresponding logging trace that to be the perturbation analysis described in step 4) be by obtaining after changing resident fluid, factor of porosity or lithology, finds out the Changing Pattern of corresponding logging trace with different fluid, factor of porosity or lithology.
6. method according to claim 1, feature is the mineral described in step 4) is clay, kalzit, quartz, pyrite, total content of organic carbon and pierite.
7. method according to claim 1, feature to be the optimum logging trace described in step 4) be in log data clay mineral curve, volume density curve, stratum uranium content curve, neutron porosity curve, resistivity curve, compressional wave time difference curve and shear wave slowness curve.
8. method according to claim 1, to be the rock constituents perturbation analysis described in step 8) be feature by changing the percentage composition of different minerals in petrophysical model, calculate corresponding logging trace, according to the size of the logging trace variable quantity calculated, find out the combination of corresponding Mineral change property parameters the most responsive or Sensitive Attributes parameter.
9. method according to claim 1, the product of feature to be parameter described in step 9) or parameter combinations be elastic modulus, Young's modulus of elasticity, density, shear elasticity, elastic modulus and density, shear elasticity and the sum of products Young's modulus of elasticity of density and the product of density.
10. method according to claim 1, to be the top layer comprehensive modeling static correction described in step 14) be feature: static corrections processing, pre-stack noise suppress, amplitude compensation, Q value complement are repaid, surface consistent deconvolution fidelity process relative to predictive deconvolution amplitude.
11. methods according to claim 1, feature is step 16) described in reflective information method of estimation be the process of Corpus--based Method signal adaptive, use nonparametric spectral analysis method and the high-resolution subsurface reflective information estimating method with fidelity, keep to greatest extent original seismic data information and do not lose small geological information in original data prerequisite under, obtain high-resolution complex seismic trace collection.
12. methods according to claim 1, feature is step 16) described in reflective information method of estimation Corpus--based Method signal adaptive process nonparametric spectrum analysis theory, by simulating the statistical nature of interference relatively, carry out stablizing to the reflection amplitudes of different time position adaptively and estimate exactly, thus improve section resolution, widen frequency band, original seismic data information can be kept to greatest extent and do not lose small geological information in original data, obtain the high-resolution complex seismic trace collection of fidelity.
13. methods according to claim 1, feature is step 21) described in tomography pickup be automatically calculate section based on coherent body, eigenvalue similarity or curvature body, determine macroscopic fracture and minor fault.
14. methods according to claim 1, feature is step 23) described in elliptical velocity inverting be that elliptical velocity analysis is carried out to the bearing data body of root-mean-square value speed, obtain fracture strike orientation and compressional wave anisotropic parameters.
15. methods according to claim 1, feature is step 24) described in the synchronous waves of ripple in length and breadth Impedance Inversion be the gradient attribute that calculated amplitude changes with geophone offset, and invert angle superposition seismic data, synchronously obtain p-wave impedance, S-wave impedance and other derive from the product of the product of the product of resilient property, particularly elastic modulus and density, shear elasticity and density, Young's modulus of elasticity and density.
16. methods according to claim 1, feature is step 25) described in elliptic inverse be that azimuthal gradient and speed do elliptic inverse, to obtain Thomson parameter, converted by rock physics, by the geomechanics anisotropy parameter of layer for the purpose of Thomson Parameter Switch, as Young modulus, Poisson ratio.
17. methods according to claim 1, feature is step 26) described in reservoir parameter be rock brittleness, lithology, factor of porosity, fluid, total content of organic carbon.
18. methods according to claim 1, feature is step 27) described in associating geologic interpretation with demarcate reservoir petrologic characteristic parameter body log calibration, crack pit shaft imaging data and/or core analyzing data are demarcated, large scale tomography and microcosmic tomography pressure break micro-seismic monitoring achievement and pit shaft imaging data are demarcated, and stress anisotropy pressure break micro-seismic monitoring achievement is carried out local and demarcated.Namely calibration process contrasts with calculated value and measured result, finds out difference value between the two or related coefficient, then calculated value is carried out to correction or the correction of system, consistent with measurement result to ensure at the calculated value of local, underground eyeball.
19. methods according to claim 1, feature is step 30) described in the completion of optimum level well and design of hydraulic fracturing scheme be horizontal well is laid in fragility higher and be easy to pressure break containing in the shale of high total organic carbon, and the spacing of each fracturing section of optimal design.
20. methods according to claim 1, feature is step 32) described in favourable parameters, include but not limited to the fragility of the total content of organic carbon of shale, shale reservoir, tomography, crack and the orientation in crack and the orientation of density, partly stress and intensity, partial high pressure district and factor of porosity distribution.
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| US11734914B1 (en) | 2022-09-27 | 2023-08-22 | Institute Of Geology And Geophysics, Chinese Academy Of Sciences | Method for evaluating geological and engineering sweet spots in unconventional reservoirs based on dual-energy computed tomography (CT) |
| CN115291300A (en) * | 2022-09-28 | 2022-11-04 | 山东省鲁南地质工程勘察院(山东省地质矿产勘查开发局第二地质大队) | Three-dimensional exploration analysis system and evaluation method based on complex geological conditions |
| CN115291300B (en) * | 2022-09-28 | 2022-12-30 | 山东省鲁南地质工程勘察院(山东省地质矿产勘查开发局第二地质大队) | Three-dimensional exploration analysis system and evaluation method based on complex geological conditions |
| CN115877463B (en) * | 2022-10-27 | 2024-02-23 | 西南石油大学 | Shale gas reservoir TOC prediction method |
| CN115877463A (en) * | 2022-10-27 | 2023-03-31 | 西南石油大学 | Shale gas reservoir TOC prediction method |
| CN116068616A (en) * | 2023-03-06 | 2023-05-05 | 西安石油大学 | Reservoir abnormal formation pressure research method and system |
| CN116663430B (en) * | 2023-07-27 | 2023-09-22 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Method and system for quantitatively representing porosity of high-temperature geothermal field reservoir structure |
| CN116663430A (en) * | 2023-07-27 | 2023-08-29 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Method and system for quantitatively representing porosity of high-temperature geothermal field reservoir structure |
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