CN111608649A - Method for predicting beneficial area of exogenous supply type shale gas exploration - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for predicting an advantageous area of exogenous supply type shale gas exploration, which can predict natural shale gas flow of an area with low exploration degree, for the identification and prediction of regional natural fractures in the organic-rich shale, a fracture permeability stress sensitivity function in the shale is obtained through fitting to reduce errors, a virtual well single well energy production prediction technology is introduced into favorable zone evaluation, the shale gas exploration favorable area prediction method for reducing the investment risk can perform the structure recognition of natural regional slippage faults in the shale, the quantitative calculation of the displacement of the slippage faults and the prediction of the space spread characteristics of fracture zones, avoids the industrial bottleneck that the existing shale gas needs manual fracturing development, the permeability sensitivity function of the cracks in the shale is obtained through fitting, quantitative prediction of the spatial change rule of the permeability is achieved, and the technical defect that the single well productivity prediction error is large due to the adoption of a single fixed permeability value in the prior art is overcome.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a method for predicting an advantageous zone of exogenous supply type shale gas exploration, relates to a method for predicting an advantageous zone of exogenous supply type shale gas exploration, and belongs to the field of natural gas identification. Particularly relates to a shale gas exploration favorable area prediction method which can predict natural shale gas flow in a low exploration degree area, recognize and predict regional natural fractures in organic-rich shale, obtain a fracture permeability stress sensitivity function in the shale through fitting to reduce errors, introduce a virtual well single well energy production prediction technology into favorable area evaluation and reduce investment risks.
Background
Shale gas is natural gas produced from fine sedimentary rocks such as shale rich in organic substances, the occurrence state of the shale gas is mainly free and adsorption states, compared with the conventional gas reservoir, the shale gas reservoir has the characteristics of delicate sealing mechanism, various overburden lithology and relatively short hydrocarbon migration distance, and because the shale rich in organic substances is often an ultra-low-permeability compact stratum, the existing shale gas development is often mined by means of artificial hydraulic fracturing, however, with the rapid development of the shale gas industry, the shale gas development and fracturing cost is high, the environmental pollution is serious, earthquakes can be induced, the 4000m deep shale gas resource cannot be fully developed and utilized, although the existing process attempts to reduce the fracturing cost by improving the flowback rate of the fracturing fluid and improve the fracturing capability and can develop shale gas resources by burying deeply to relieve the technical bottleneck of the industry, the technical bottleneck of the existing shale gas industry cannot be fully broken through. He Jianglin, Wang Jian, Yue Li, Liu Wei, Ku Xiang Ying, Qihe courage, Qizheng in the discovery and oil gas geology significance of exogenous supply type shale gas (Petroleum institute, 2018, 1 (39): 1-11.) on the basis of the summary of shale gas enrichment law and a large number of section and core data of typical shale gas reserves in China, the shale gas is divided into: the important discovery that natural shale gas flow is obtained by drilling a 1 st well in a Huadi according to the guidance of an in-situ enrichment type shale gas and an exogenous replenishment type shale gas according to an exogenous replenishment type shale gas enrichment mode is that the exogenous replenishment type shale gas refers to natural gas which is remained after hydrocarbon discharge and is supplied laterally by a fault or supplied vertically by micro-leakage of an underlying gas reservoir in the mud shale rich in organic substances. Although the method has the functions of discharging hydrocarbons and dissipating natural gas, the supply rate of the natural gas is greater than the dissipation rate, dynamic enrichment is formed, the enrichment of shale gas in the dynamic enrichment is mainly controlled by fluid potential, exogenous supply type shale gas possibly has natural capacity due to the overpressure of the oil gas transportation layer with high permeability, and the shale gas is not paid high attention in the industry, so that at present, the prediction method for the shale gas exploration beneficial area is not available.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the situation, the invention provides a shale gas exploration method which can predict natural shale gas flow in a low exploration degree area, identify and predict regional natural fractures in organic-rich shale, obtain a fracture permeability stress sensitivity function in the shale by fitting to reduce errors, introduce a virtual well single-well energy production prediction technology into favorable area evaluation, and reduce investment risks.
The invention discloses a method for predicting an advantageous area of exogenous supply type shale gas exploration, which comprises the following steps:
1) estimating the amount of shale gas static resources in the research area;
2) whether a typical lithologic combination which is easy to form a slipping fault is developed in a shale gas target layer or not and the distribution range of the lithologic combination are found out;
3) finding out the structural style and geometric form of a target layer in a research area;
4) quantitatively predicting the displacement of the upper plate and the lower plate of the slippage fault;
5) performing typical lithology combined mechanical test;
6) summarizing a crack space distribution rule in a research area;
7) carrying out seepage experiment tests under different confining pressure and pore pressure conditions, and establishing a crack permeability stress sensitivity function;
8) carrying out shale gas desorption rule test research;
9) analyzing the influence radius of the single virtual well;
10) estimating the movable shale gas resource quantity of the virtual well;
11) acquiring seepage key parameter values of different structural parts by combining with fluid potential analysis of a research area;
12) estimating the single well productivity of the virtual well position;
13) defining the range of the beneficial area of the exogenous supply type shale gas;
further, the step 1 of estimating the static resource amount of the shale gas in the research area is completed by adopting a volume method;
further, the typical lithology combination for finding out whether the shale gas target layer is developed to form the slippage fault or not in the step 2 is found out by adopting field investigation, core observation and lithology explanation of well logging;
further, the distribution range of the lithological combination is found out in the step 2 by combining sedimentary facies, existing regional structures or seismic data, the distribution range of the lithological combination is preliminarily found out, and the distribution rule of the fractured zones is summarized in the field outcrop and the rock core according to the typical characteristics of the fractured zones of the slippage under different scales;
further, the step 3 finds out the tectonic pattern and the geometric form of the target layer in the research area, and the tectonic pattern and the geometric form of the geologic horizon in the research area are clearly determined through tectonic geological survey and two-dimensional seismic profile tectonic interpretation;
further, step 4, acquiring stratum thickness, dip angle and curved surface functions related to the slip displacement calculation according to the geometrical form and lithology combination characteristics of the earth-potential structure, selecting a corresponding slip displacement quantitative calculation formula for different structure pattern parts, and acquiring a semi-quantitative prediction result of the slip displacement;
further, the step 5 is to perform a typical lithology combination mechanical test to obtain mechanical parameters required by crack prediction;
furthermore, in the step 6, a discrete element numerical simulation method is adopted to predict the spatial distribution rule of the cracks in the research area, and the method of outcrop observation, micron CT and scanning electron microscope is combined to correct the summary and prediction result of the spatial distribution rule of the cracks;
further, the step 7 of carrying out seepage experiment tests under different confining pressures and pore pressure conditions to obtain fracture permeability values under different pore pressures and confining pressure states through testing, and obtaining a function relation of the fracture permeability along with changes of the pore pressures and the confining pressures through binary nonlinear fitting;
further, the shale gas desorption rule test research is carried out in the step 8, the formation temperature and pressure condition is artificially simulated, after the sample is saturated and adsorbs methane, the gradual depressurization desorption process is simulated, and the shale gas desorption rule of the shale of the adjacent layer is obtained;
further, the virtual well single-well influence radius analysis of the step 9 adopts analysis structure geometric form and crack prediction analysis, identifies the trapping condition of the research area, and determines the single-well influence radius;
further, the single-well movable shale gas resource amount in the step 10 is completed by adopting a volume method on the basis of the influence radius and desorption rule of the single well;
further, the step 11 is combined with the fluid potential analysis of the research area to obtain key seepage parameter values of different structural parts, and the spatial variation rule of the permeability is obtained by inputting the pore pressure and confining pressure parameter values into the function relationship between the permeability of the fracture and the pore pressure and confining pressure;
further, the step 12 of estimating the single-well productivity of the virtual well location is carried out by inputting the permeability, the thickness of a fracture zone, the bottom hole pressure, the formation boundary pressure, the temperature of a producing zone, the gas viscosity and the gas average deviation coefficient value of the virtual well into a conventional natural gas well productivity calculation empirical formula in a working area to obtain the single-well productivity of the virtual well location;
further, the step 13 of delineating the beneficial zone range of the exogenous supply type shale gas is performed after drilling verification or prediction parameter values are corrected through a prospect well.
Advantageous effects
The method can be used for carrying out structure recognition of natural regional slippage faults in the shale, quantitative calculation of slippage fault displacement and prediction of fracture zone space distribution characteristics, and avoids the industrial bottleneck that the existing shale gas needs manual fracturing development.
And secondly, acquiring a permeability sensitivity function of the cracks in the shale through fitting, realizing quantitative prediction of a permeability space change rule, and making up for the technical defect of large error in single-well productivity prediction by adopting a single fixed permeability value in the prior art.
And thirdly, introducing a virtual well single-well energy production prediction technology into favorable area evaluation, facilitating well position optimization of the pre-exploration well and commercial development value evaluation of the favorable area, and greatly reducing investment risk of the low-exploration-degree area.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an implementation of the method for predicting an advantageous zone of exploration of exogenous replenishment-type shale gas according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a geological meaning schematic diagram of a slippage fault displacement quantitative prediction function of different fold type structures in step 4 of the exogenous replenishment type shale gas exploration favorable area prediction method;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a functional relationship between permeability of a shale internal fracture in a certain area and changes of pore pressure and confining pressure according to binary nonlinear fitting based on measured data according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a virtual single well productivity prediction parameter in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an identification feature of a natural fracture zone in organic-rich shale at different geological scales;
the specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention discloses a method for predicting an advantageous area of exogenous supply type shale gas exploration, which comprises the following steps:
1) estimating the shale gas static resource quantity in the research area: completing estimation of the static resource quantity of the shale gas of the target layer in the research area according to a volume method;
further, on the basis of regional geological survey or existing drilling data, calculating and evaluating technical specifications by referring to the current industry specification DZT0254-2014 shale gas resource reserves;
2) finding out whether the shale gas target layer develops typical lithological combinations which are easy to form slip faults and the distribution range of the lithological combinations: whether a target layer of the shale rich in organic matters has a typical lithology combination which is easy to develop and form a slipping fault or not is found through field investigation, core observation and lithology interpretation of well logging, namely whether the target layer has lithology combination characteristics of two thick layers of energy dry layers and a thin layer of soft and weak layers, the distribution range of the lithology combination is preliminarily found by combining sedimentary facies, existing regional structures or seismic data, and the distribution rule of the slipping fault crack zone is summarized in a field outcrop and a core according to the typical characteristics of the slipping fault crack zone under different scales;
3) finding the structural style and geometric form of the target layer in the research area: through structural geological survey and two-dimensional seismic section structural explanation, the geologic structure style and the structural geometric form of a research area are defined;
4) quantitative prediction of upper and lower disk displacement of a slippage fault: acquiring stratum thickness, dip angle and curved surface functions related to the slip displacement calculation according to the geometrical form and lithology combination characteristics of the earth-potential structure, and acquiring a semi-quantitative prediction result of the slip displacement;
further, selecting a corresponding slip displacement quantitative calculation formula (shown in figure 2) for different structural style parts;
5) typical lithology combination mechanical tests were performed: performing mechanical test on each lithologic unit in the typical lithologic combination to obtain mechanical parameters of compression resistance, tensile strength, shear strength and Young modulus of the sample;
6) and (3) summarizing a crack space distribution rule in a research area: on the basis of typical lithology unit mechanical test, a discrete element numerical simulation method is used for predicting the three-dimensional space distribution rule of the crack,
furthermore, a method for correcting the conclusion of the crack space distribution rule and the prediction result can adopt the methods of section observation, micron CT and scanning electron microscope;
furthermore, in step 6, a discrete element numerical simulation method is used to combine the geometric configuration of the structure of the research area, the ground stress and the structural action period secondary background data;
7) carrying out seepage experiment tests under different confining pressure and pore pressure conditions, and establishing a crack seepage stress sensitivity function: testing and obtaining fracture permeability values under different pore pressures and confining pressures, and obtaining a function relation of the fracture permeability along with changes of the pore pressures and the confining pressures through binary nonlinear fitting;
in step 7, selecting a representative fracture sample, and applying different pore pressure differences along the direction of an oil and gas migration main body in the representative fracture sample under different confining pressure simulation states;
8) carrying out shale gas desorption rule test research: selecting a shale sample rich in organic substances in a crack undeveloped section of an adjacent layer of a zone crack zone, adopting a manual simulation stratum temperature and pressure condition, and simulating gradual depressurization desorption after the sample is saturated and adsorbs methane to obtain a shale gas desorption rule of the adjacent layer of shale;
9) analyzing the influence radius of each virtual well: identifying the trapping condition of the research area according to the construction geometry of the step 3 and the crack prediction analysis of the step 6, and determining the hydrocarbon supply radius of the virtual well position of the typical construction part, namely the single well influence radius;
10) the shale gas resource amount estimation for the movable virtual well: calculating and evaluating technical specifications and shale gas desorption rules in the step 8 according to the virtual well single well influence radius obtained in the step 9 and by referring to DZT0254-2014 shale gas resource reserves, and estimating the single well movable shale gas resource quantity;
11) and (3) acquiring seepage key parameter values of different structural parts by combining with fluid potential analysis of a research area: inputting the predicted value into the function relation between the crack permeability, the pore pressure and the confining pressure obtained in the step 7, and obtaining the spatial change rule of the crack permeability in the research area;
further, on the basis of regional hydrology, drilling and logging information or stratum pressure prediction, a fluid potential distribution rule of a research area is determined, and pore pressure and confining pressure change rules and predicted values of different structural parts in the area are obtained according to the fluid potential distribution rule;
12) estimating the single well productivity of the virtual well position: inputting the permeability, the thickness of a fracture zone, the bottom pressure, the formation boundary pressure, the temperature of a producing zone, the gas viscosity and the average deviation coefficient value of the gas of the virtual well into a conventional natural gas well productivity calculation empirical formula in a work area to obtain the single-well productivity of the virtual well, such as a single-well productivity calculation formula in a certain area:
qscis the flow at the surface of the gas well, m3D; t-producing formation temperature, K; k-formation permeability, 10-3μ m); μ -gas viscosity, mPa · s; pwf-bottom hole pressure, MPa; pe-formation boundary pressure, MPa; h-effective thickness of stratum (m), re-radius of drainage (m), rw-wellbore radius (m), Z formation gas mean deviation factor, empirical value 0.94 in certain area;
13) and (3) delineating the range of the beneficial zone of the exogenous supply type shale gas:
and (4) after the drilling verification or the prediction parameter value is corrected through a pre-exploration well, defining the range of the beneficial area of the exogenous supply type shale gas. According to the step 8, considering the influence of the transition from the adsorption state to the free state in the shale gas exploitation process to slow down the formation pressure decay rate, and roughly evaluating the development value of the favorable area;
furthermore, on the basis of the production capacity prediction of virtual wells at different structural positions of the research area, the well position of the pre-exploration well is preferably predicted.
In the attached figure 5, a shows that the thickness of the slip fault fracture zone is stable in outcrop, the top and bottom surfaces of the slip fault fracture zone are in abrupt contact with surrounding rock, the layer surface of the undisturbed surrounding rock is flat, and the S-C cleavage characteristic formed by the shear stress in the fracture zone is obvious; b represents that the fracture zone of the part with small displacement is mainly fault cobbles and the cracks develop; c represents the action areas of local multi-stage different stress directions to develop a plurality of crack layers; d represents the rule that the sliding delamination layer in the rock core can be seen from the surrounding rock to the broken zone, and the size of fault cobbles is gradually reduced; e represents the erosion holes and crack development in the crack zone in the micrometer CT three-dimensional image; f represents a multi-stage calcite vein formed by visible shearing action in a part of crack zones in the sheet, and the activity time can be determined by measuring the age of the opposite litholytic vein; g represents the arrangement of calcite anser lines with accompanying cracks, and indicates the acting direction of the relative shear stress;
the method can predict the natural shale airflow in a low-exploration-degree area, identify and predict regional natural fractures in the organic-rich shale, obtain a fracture permeability stress sensitivity function in the shale through fitting to reduce errors, and introduce a virtual well single-well energy production prediction technology into favorable area evaluation to reduce investment risk.
It should be understood that the steps of the method for predicting the beneficial zone of the exogenous supply type shale gas exploration have specific compositions and structures, and those skilled in the art who reproduce the method need to have specific compositions in the steps, so that the technical characteristics of the method are functionally supported by each other, and a new technical effect is achieved.
In addition, the single well productivity calculation formula is derived from a conventional gas well single well productivity calculation formula, and part of parameters of the single well productivity calculation formula are experience values, so that the single well productivity calculation formula and the parameter values have certain differences due to geological conditions and well type differences. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention encompassed by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The method for predicting the beneficial zone of the exogenous supply type shale gas exploration is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) estimating the amount of shale gas static resources in the research area;
2) whether a typical lithologic combination which is easy to form a slipping fault is developed in a shale gas target layer or not and the distribution range of the lithologic combination are found out;
3) finding out the structural style and geometric form of a target layer in a research area;
4) quantitatively predicting the displacement of the upper plate and the lower plate of the slippage fault;
5) performing typical lithology combined mechanical test;
6) summarizing a crack space distribution rule in a research area;
7) carrying out seepage experiment tests under different confining pressure and pore pressure conditions, and establishing a crack permeability stress sensitivity function;
8) carrying out shale gas desorption rule test research;
9) analyzing the influence radius of the single virtual well;
10) estimating the movable shale gas resource quantity of the virtual well;
11) acquiring seepage key parameter values of different structural parts by combining with fluid potential analysis of a research area;
12) estimating the single well productivity of the virtual well position;
13) and (4) delineating the beneficial area range of the exogenous supply type shale gas, and delineating after drilling verification or correction of prediction parameter values through a pre-exploration well.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step 12 of estimating the yield of each single well at the virtual well location is performed by inputting the permeability, the thickness of the fracture zone, the bottom hole pressure, the formation boundary pressure, the formation temperature, the gas viscosity and the gas mean deviation coefficient value of the virtual well into a conventional natural gas well yield calculation empirical formula in the work area, wherein the yield calculation formula for each single well is as follows:
qscis the flow at the surface of the gas well, m3D; t-producing formation temperature, K; k-formation permeability, 10-3μ m); μ -gas viscosity, mPa · s; pwf-bottom hole pressure, MPa; pe-formation boundary pressure, MPa; h-effective thickness of stratum (m), re-radius of drainage (m), rw-wellbore radius (m), Z formation gas mean deviation factor.
3. The method for predicting the advantageous zone of exploration for the exogenous supply type shale gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distribution range of the lithologic combination is found in the step 2 by combining sedimentary facies, existing regional structures or seismic data to preliminarily find the distribution range of the lithologic combination, and the distribution rule of the fractured zone is summarized according to typical characteristics of the fractured zone which slips under different scales in field outcrop and rock core.
4. The method for predicting the beneficial zone of the exploration of the exogenous supply type shale gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 4 is characterized in that the stratum thickness, the dip angle and the curved surface function related to the calculation of the slippage displacement are obtained according to the geometrical form and the lithological combination characteristics of the structure of the earth, and the semi-quantitative prediction result of the slippage displacement is obtained by selecting a corresponding slippage displacement quantitative calculation formula for different structural style parts.
5. The method for predicting the beneficial zone of exploration for the exogenous supply type shale gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 6, the prediction of the spatial distribution rule of the cracks in the research zone is realized by adopting a discrete element numerical simulation method, and the summary of the spatial distribution rule of the cracks and the prediction result are corrected by combining outcrop observation, micron CT and scanning electron microscope methods.
6. The method for predicting the beneficial zone of exploration for the exogenous supply type shale gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 7 of conducting seepage experimental tests under different confining pressure and pore pressure conditions obtains fracture permeability values under different pore pressure and confining pressure states through the tests, and obtains a function relation of the fracture permeability along with changes of the pore pressure and the confining pressure through binary nonlinear fitting.
7. The method for predicting the beneficial zone of exploration for the exogenous supply type shale gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 8 is used for testing and researching the shale gas desorption rule, the formation temperature and pressure conditions are artificially simulated, and after the sample is saturated and adsorbs methane, the gradual depressurization desorption process is simulated to obtain the shale gas desorption rule of the shale gas in the adjacent layer.
8. The method for predicting the beneficial zone of the exploration for the exogenous supply type shale gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the virtual well single well influence radius analysis in the step 9 adopts analysis structure geometry and crack prediction analysis, identifies the trapping condition of the research zone and determines the single well influence radius.
9. The method for predicting the beneficial zone of exploration of the exogenous supply type shale gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 11, on the basis of regional hydrology, well drilling and logging data or stratum pressure prediction, a fluid potential distribution rule of the research zone is determined, pore pressures and confining pressure change rules of different structural parts in the zone are obtained according to the fluid potential distribution rule, and the predicted value is input into the function relation between the fracture permeability and the pore pressures and the confining pressure obtained in the step 7, so that a spatial change rule of the fracture permeability in the research zone is obtained.
10. The method for predicting the beneficial zone of the exploration of the exogenous supply type shale gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 13, on the basis of the prediction of the production capacity of the virtual well at different structural parts of the research zone, the well position of the prospecting well is preferably predicted, after drilling verification or prediction parameter value correction through the prospecting well, the range of the beneficial zone of the exogenous supply type shale gas is defined, and according to step 8, the influence of the reduction rate of the formation pressure due to the fact that the adsorption state is converted into the free state in the shale gas exploitation process is considered, so that the development value of the beneficial zone is roughly evaluated.
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